EP1126591B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour commander ou règler la puissance de résistances de chauffage à basse résistance - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour commander ou règler la puissance de résistances de chauffage à basse résistance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1126591B1
EP1126591B1 EP01100929A EP01100929A EP1126591B1 EP 1126591 B1 EP1126591 B1 EP 1126591B1 EP 01100929 A EP01100929 A EP 01100929A EP 01100929 A EP01100929 A EP 01100929A EP 1126591 B1 EP1126591 B1 EP 1126591B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
voltage
arrangement
regulating
heating
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP01100929A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1126591A2 (fr
EP1126591A3 (fr
Inventor
Winfried Schneider
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Jumo & Co KG GmbH
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Jumo & Co KG GmbH
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Priority to SI200130504T priority Critical patent/SI1126591T1/sl
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Publication of EP1126591A3 publication Critical patent/EP1126591A3/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling or regulating the power of low-impedance consumers according to the preamble of the claim 1 and an arrangement therefor according to the preamble of Patent claim 5.
  • a known option for power control or power limitation consists in the use of variable transformers, which - depending on performance - are heavy and expensive.
  • Heating resistors For the regulation of the power of low-resistance heating resistors, whose rated voltage is significantly smaller than the mains voltage, are the known arrangements neither provided nor suitable, because this a current-voltage transformation must be monitored.
  • these Heating resistors which can have a very high performance, is what it is For example, rods of molybdenum disilicide or silicon carbide, the be operated with rated voltages from, for example, 10 volts and their ohmic resistances either a very steep positive temperature coefficient or aging during operation, whereby their ohmic resistances quadruple, for example.
  • rods of molybdenum disilicide or silicon carbide the be operated with rated voltages from, for example, 10 volts and their ohmic resistances either a very steep positive temperature coefficient or aging during operation, whereby their ohmic resistances quadruple, for example.
  • their ohmic resistances quadruple for example.
  • Kanthal Molybdenum disilicide in cold state has a resistance value of only about 1/16 of the resistance value at operating temperature.
  • the connection from mains voltage comes on such a cold heating element So practically a short circuit equal, resulting in the destruction of the switching elements can cause and significant network disturbances due to power surges and harmonics.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a control method and to specify a compact arrangement with which the performance Low-resistance heating resistors whose rated voltage is smaller than the Mains voltage is and are susceptible to aging, waiving transformers and with the smallest possible effort and the smallest possible Energy losses are controlled continuously or quasi-continuously can, without this inadmissible network disturbances occur and at the control and operation of the arrangement with high flexibility and efficiency is enabled.
  • the set object is solved in its entirety, that is, it a control method and an arrangement therefor are given, with the performance of low-resistance heating resistors, their rated voltage is less than the mains voltage, can be regulated.
  • the heating power or the power consumption of low impedance Heating resistors for operating voltages between 10 and 230 volts are required, limited without variable transformers and / or be managed.
  • an IGBT may be used as the power semiconductor be that having a lower saturation voltage than a bipolar transistor and acceptable switching losses at operating frequencies above 10 kHz, for example 20, 50 kHz and above having.
  • MOS devices there is an equally simple controllability as in MOS devices. The current drawn from the network at least gives way no longer significantly different from the sinusoid.
  • the sinusoidal mains current always results the required power divided by the mains voltage of the power supply. If e.g. Heating elements with an operating voltage of 115 volts are operated, these heaters can be without a transformer operate directly on the grid. If the rated current of the mentioned Heating elements is 50 A, so the network only 25 A sinusoidal Electricity withdrawn.
  • the resistance characteristic of the heating elements does not matter.
  • the subject invention is subject to no wear, has a high positioning speed, better efficiency, small size and light weight when you use it with classic actuators such as transducers and variable transformers compares.
  • the Reduction of the current peaks in the area of the zero crossings is through the selective suppression of the drive pulses of the IGBT achieved, without here - in contrast to the prior art - the waveform of the mains voltage to be used as a reference variable:
  • the activation of the IGBT driver is via a comparator, which has a triangular voltage of 20 kHz, for example, with the voltage of the integrator.
  • the input stream at least substantially is sinusoidal and is in phase with the input voltage, the grid at least predominantly only active power taken.
  • the subject invention has an enormously high positioning speed, better efficiency, smallest possible dimensions and a Low weight, considering these criteria with classic actuators compares.
  • it is at age-prone heating elements possible for the first time, the network both in New as well as in the aging state to always take the same stream.
  • the mains current remains constant with regard to constant output load the shape and the amplitude at least approximately equal and sinusoidal.
  • the amplitude of the mains current is determined both by the power of the Load is given as well as by the tension at the load, which is suitable Subject of the invention also for short-wave infrared radiators. It arises neither when switching on nor during operation in the lower setting range excessive current amplitudes in the network. In all cases, the mains power always sinusoidal and the power drawn directly proportional.
  • the invention is intended for use in ohmic power control Consumers from the group of resistance heating elements Metals and silicon carbide and for ohmic power regulation Consumers for purposes of heating workpieces in Industrial furnaces, for the drying of paints, for the shaping of plastics, for soldering and household and industrial appliances for cooking Food and ironing of textiles.
  • FIG 1 is the core of the control arrangement a commercial IGBT module 10 of the type described above, the a current input 1, two current outputs 2 and 3 and two control voltage terminals 6 (for the gate voltage) and 7 (for the emitter voltage) has.
  • the load circuit are - in series - the ohmic Consumer R, which also consists of a parallel connection of several Consumers, and an inductive choke L.
  • the mains voltage inputs are designated L1, N and PE.
  • the mains voltage inputs L1 and N are a rectifier 11 with a positive terminal 12 and a negative terminal 13 switched. Parallel to the rectifier 11, a capacitor C is connected.
  • the load circuit on which For example, a voltage of 230 volts is pending, is with reinforced lines highlighted. Due to the effect of the inductor L, the load current i not abruptly soaring and not abruptly to zero become.
  • the inductor L and the capacitor C are designed according to the largest possible load current AC voltage resistant, but as small as possible, for example, the inductor L between 0.2 and 1.0 mH, preferably 0.5 mH, and the capacitor C between 10 and 100 uF, preferably with 50 ⁇ F.
  • the preferred values are for an industrial furnace with a current consumption of 70 A.
  • the power input 1 is a sensor unit 14 for the detection of Consumer power upstream; in it the measured current l becomes a proportional voltage U is converted by a feedback line 15 a control arrangement 16 is switched on.
  • a voltage tap 17 leads via a current limiter 18 and a line 19 to a driver 20 with potential separation.
  • the current limiter 18 of the maximum operating current can be set to a predetermined value.
  • the voltage applied to the load R is via lines 21 and 22 tapped and fed to a potential separator 23, the example contains an optocoupler. From this leads another return line 24 to the control arrangement 16. Furthermore, the control arrangement 16 via a setpoint generator, not shown, an adjustable setpoint w switched.
  • the control arrangement 16 includes an integrator 25, at its output 26th a variable voltage u1, u2, Vietnamese, is present, the a comparator 27th is switched on. Its output 28 is in turn connected to the driver 20. From this lead two lines 29 and 30 to the control voltage terminals 6 and 7 of the IGBT module 10. The function of the control arrangement 16 will be described below with reference to Figures 3 and 4 even closer explained.
  • the driver 20 serves as an amplifier with potential separation. On the Line 29 may - based on the line 30 - a voltage between +18 volts and -5 volts pending.
  • a branch line 31 leads to the driver 20.
  • This Measure which is not mandatory but beneficial, serves one Safety function, namely the monitoring of the collector voltage. Thus, e.g. a shutdown when the collector voltage is a predetermined Limit of e.g. 7 volts exceeds (short-circuit monitoring).
  • Figure 2 shows the course of the mains voltage with a frequency of example 50 or 60 Hz after rectification over three half-waves, wherein the dashed curve for the second half wave the voltage curve without rectification implies. By rectification, this half-wave on the other side of the abscissa (with the time t) "folded".
  • the rounded areas 31 are due to the effect of the capacitor C. due.
  • Figure 3 shows the principle of the control over a half-wave of the mains voltage U (50 or 60 Hz) and the associated current i.
  • the comparator 27 becomes a serrated curve according to Figure 4 with a frequency generated by example 20 kHz. This so-called triangular voltage is compared with the variable voltage of the integrator 25. It turns at the output of the comparator 27, an on-off switching ratio for the IGBT 10.
  • the wavy curve shows the actual current flow with the specified frequency of 20 kHz (control frequency) between the current curves io and iu on a very coarsened scale.
  • the rising Current curve according to the voltage and the load resistance R steeply until the IGBT module 10 turns off again, causing the actual current curve approaches the lower current curve again.
  • the current curves io and iu are primarily dependent on the control frequency and the Inductance of the inductor L.
  • FIG. 4 shows the profile of the voltage U according to the function of the comparator 27 with the already mentioned control frequency of example 20 kHz.
  • U1 and u2 are the specifiable control voltages at the output 26 of the integrator 25 in dashed lines.
  • the lines for u1 and u2 indicate the turn-off state of the IGBT module 10, the intervening sections (above the triangles) its on state.
  • the switch-off times are each with "a", the Turn-on times denoted by "e”.
  • the proportions of these sections indicate the respective proportional power at the load R, between 0% (at the tips of the triangles) and 100% (at the bases the triangles) can be varied.
  • the design of the inductor L depends on the control frequency of the Comparator 27: The higher this is, the smaller L can be chosen. So it may well be desirable, the control frequency of the Compensator 27 to increase to over 20 kHz, for example in the direction to 100 kHz, wherein the switching frequency of the IGBT module 10 accordingly is increased.
  • the current flows from the positive pole of the Rectifier 11 via the throttle L and the consumer R to the power input 1 of the IGBT module 10, to the current output 2 and the Negative pole of the rectifier 11.
  • the IGBT module switched off 10 the current continues to flow via the current output 3 and also via the Throttle L and the consumer R.
  • the current flow through the consumer R and at this voltage applied almost lossless but in any case reaction-free (on the net).
  • a furnace capacity of 10 to 20 kW for example, generates a power loss of about 0.3 kW, the is discharged via a cooling block.
  • FIG. 5 shows by way of a diagram comparatively the line current profile, as occurs with a molybdenum disilicide heating element, if its Heating power by means of a classic phase control by a thyristor is controlled.
  • the abscissa extends over a half-wave, and on the ordinate are the factors "F" from 0 to 16 for the current consumption plotted against rated current at operating temperature, where the factor 1 stands for this rated current.
  • Shown is a flock of sinusoidal curves, of which the uppermost (F 15) for the course of current consumption in the cold state applies and the lowest for the course of current consumption at operating temperature.
  • the intervening curves show - from top to bottom - current consumption curves with increasing intermediate temperatures.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour commander ou régler la puissance de résistances de chauffage (R) à l'aide d'un courant alternatif redressé, au moyen de composants à semiconducteurs, selon lequel
    g) on utilise comme composant à semiconducteurs un module IGBT (10),
    h) une bobine d'arrêt (L) est disposée dans le circuit de la résistance de chauffage et selon un montage en série avec cette dernière,
    i) un condensateur (C) est monté en parallèle avec un redresseur (11) utilisé pour redresser la tension du réseau,
    selon lequel
    pour commander ou régler la puissance d'éléments résistifs chauffants de faible valeur ohmique constitués à partir du groupe incluant des métaux, du disiliciure de molybdène, du carbure de silicium et de corps chauffants à infrarouge à ondes courtes pour chauffer des pièces à traiter dans des fours industriels, pour le séchage de peintures, pour la déformation de matière plastique, pour le brasage et pour des appareils ménagers et des appareils industriels pour cuire des aliments et pour repasser des textiles, éléments dont la tension nominale est inférieure à la tension du réseau,
    j) dans le circuit de la résistance de chauffage (R), les facteurs de puissance, que sont le courant de fonctionnement (i) et la tension de fonctionnement (U), sont détectés et envoyés à un dispositif de régulation (16),
    k) dans le dispositif de régulation (16), une comparaison d'une valeur de consigne (w) aussi bien pour le courant de fonctionnement (i) que pour la tension de fonctionnement (U) est exécutée au moyen d'un intégrateur (25), auquel cas le signal d'entrée d'un comparateur (27) est divisé en une suite d'impulsions, dont la fréquence est utilisée comme fréquence de commande pour le module IGBT (10) et est égale à un multiple de la fréquence du réseau, et dans le circuit de la résistance de chauffage (R), l'unité formant capteur (14) pour détecter le courant de fonctionnement (i) est disposée et en outre la tension de fonctionnement (U) de la résistance de chauffage (R) est prélevée et est renvoyée au dispositif de régulation (16), et le signal de sortie de l'unité formant capteur (14) est appliqué par l'intermédiaire d'un limiteur de courant (18) à un étage d'attaque (20) pour la commande du module IGBT (10), et
    l) dans le dispositif de régulation (16), des écarts, y compris leur signe, entre la valeur de consigne (w) et la suite d'impulsions sont déterminés, le signal de sortie du dispositif de régulation (16) influençant, par l'intermédiaire de l'étage d'attaque (20), le module IGBT (10) pour sa commande.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la fréquence de commande est choisie entre 10 et 100 kHz.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'inductance de la bobine d'arrêt (L) est choisie entre 0,2 et 1,0 mH.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la capacité du condensateur (C) est choisie entre 10 et 100 µF.
  5. Dispositif pour commander ou régler la puissance de résistances de chauffage (R), comportant un redresseur (11) pour produire un courant alternatif redressé, au moyen d'un module IGBT (10), et dans lequel une bobine d'arrêt (L) est disposée dans le circuit de la résistance de chauffage (R) et selon un montage en série avec cette dernière, et un condensateur (C) est disposé selon un montage en parallèle avec un redresseur (11) utilisé pour le redressement de la tension du réseau,
    dans lequel
    le dispositif comporte des résistances de chauffage de faible valeur ohmique (R) formées à partir du groupe des éléments résistifs de chauffage de faible valeur ohmique constitués à partir du groupe incluant des métaux, du disiliciure de molybdène, du carbure de silicium et d'éléments chauffants à infrarouge à ondes courtes, pour le chauffage des pièces à traiter dans des fours industriels, pour le séchage de peintures pour la déformation de matière plastique, pour le brasage et pour des appareils ménagers et des appareils industriels pour cuire des aliments et pour repasser des textiles, éléments dont la tension nominale est inférieure à la tension du réseau, et dans lequel
    e) dans le circuit de la résistance de chauffage (R) est disposée une unité formant capteur (14) pour détecter des facteurs de puissance que sont le courant de fonctionnement (i) et la tension de fonctionnement (U), dont le signal de sortie est appliqué à un dispositif de régulation (16) pour la commande du module IGBT (10),
    f) dans le dispositif de régulation (16) sont disposés un intégrateur (25) et un comparateur (27) branché en aval, dispositif de réglage (16) à l'aide desquels peut être exécutée une comparaison d'une valeur de consigne (w) aussi bien pour le courant de fonctionnement (i) que pour la tension de fonctionnement (U), et dans lequel le signal d'entrée du comparateur (27) peut être divisé en une suite d'impulsions, dont la fréquence est égale à un multiple de la fréquence du réseau et qui est appliquée en tant que fréquence de commande au module IGBT (10) par l'intermédiaire d'un étage d'attaque (20),
    g) le signal de sortie de l'unité formant capteur (14) est appliqué par l'intermédiaire d'un limiteur de courant (18) à un étage d'attaque (20) pour la commande du module IGBT (10), et dans lequel
    h) dans le dispositif de régulation (16), des écarts, y compris leur signe, entre la valeur de consigne (w) et la suite d'impulsions peuvent être déterminés, le signal de sortie du dispositif de régulation (16) influençant, par l'intermédiaire de l'étage d'attaque (20), le module IGBT (10) pour sa commande.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de réglage est conçu pour une fréquence de commande comprise entre 10 et 100 kHz.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'inductance de la bobine d'arrêt (L) est choisie entre 0,2 et 1,0 mH.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la capacité du condensateur (C) est choisie entre 10 et 100 µF.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le transistor IGBT (10) possède une prise de tension, qui est connectée par l'intermédiaire d'une ligne (31) à l'étage d'attaque (20) pour limiter la tension.
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le comparateur (27) du dispositif de réglage (16) possède un générateur de fréquence servant à produire une fréquence de commande comprise entre 10 et 100 kHz, avec des impulsions triangulaires.
EP01100929A 2000-01-22 2001-01-17 Procédé et dispositif pour commander ou règler la puissance de résistances de chauffage à basse résistance Expired - Lifetime EP1126591B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200130504T SI1126591T1 (sl) 2000-01-22 2001-01-17 Postopek in priprava za krmiljenje ali reguliranje moci nizkoohmskih grelnih uporov

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10002736 2000-01-22
DE10002736 2000-01-22

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EP1126591A2 EP1126591A2 (fr) 2001-08-22
EP1126591A3 EP1126591A3 (fr) 2003-02-05
EP1126591B1 true EP1126591B1 (fr) 2005-12-07

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EP (1) EP1126591B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE312429T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE50108270D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2253286T3 (fr)
SI (1) SI1126591T1 (fr)

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CN100458637C (zh) * 2005-04-18 2009-02-04 金丰电子(苏州)有限公司 一种低谐波电流的功率调整方法及装置
DE102008039246A1 (de) * 2008-07-16 2010-01-21 Hans Effertz PWM - Leistungsdimmer
DE102013216021A1 (de) 2013-08-13 2015-02-19 Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung Der Emerson Technologies Gmbh & Co. Ohg Wärmestrahler, Vorrichtung zum Infrarotschweißen und Verfahren zum Erwärmen von Kunststoffbauteilen
CN104746323B (zh) * 2015-04-13 2017-03-01 厦门优尔电器股份有限公司 一种温控方式改良的电熨斗及该电熨斗的温控方法
CN105019214A (zh) * 2015-07-24 2015-11-04 东莞市富鼎瑞实业有限公司 电子控温熨斗
EP3472858B1 (fr) 2016-06-15 2022-01-12 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Convertisseur d'énergie pour système thermique
US11569661B2 (en) 2021-01-11 2023-01-31 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Masterless distributed dynamic load management

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EP0588569A2 (fr) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-23 International Business Machines Corporation Alimentation pour appareil électronique et système de dispositif électronique
US5910886A (en) * 1997-11-07 1999-06-08 Sierra Applied Sciences, Inc. Phase-shift power supply

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EP0588569A2 (fr) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-23 International Business Machines Corporation Alimentation pour appareil électronique et système de dispositif électronique
US5910886A (en) * 1997-11-07 1999-06-08 Sierra Applied Sciences, Inc. Phase-shift power supply

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MWEENE L.H.; OTTEN D.M.; SCHLECHT M.F.: "A high-efficiency 1.5 kW, 390-50 V half-bridge converter operated at 100% duty-ratio", PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION. (APEC). BOSTON, NEW YORK, IEEE, US, 23 February 1992 (1992-02-23) - 27 February 1992 (1992-02-27), pages 723 - 729 *
NABESHIMA T., COMPUTER-AIDED OPTIMUM DESIGN OF A BUCK-TYPE SWITCHING REGULATOR, 1990, pages 336 - 342 *
TANG W.; LEE F.C.; RIDLEY R.B.: "Small-signal modeling of average current-mode control", PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION. (APEC). BOSTON, NEW YORK, IEEE, US, 23 February 1992 (1992-02-23) - 27 February 1992 (1992-02-27), pages 747 - 755 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI1126591T1 (sl) 2006-06-30
EP1126591A2 (fr) 2001-08-22
DE10102124A1 (de) 2001-07-26
DE50108270D1 (de) 2006-01-12
EP1126591A3 (fr) 2003-02-05
ES2253286T3 (es) 2006-06-01
ATE312429T1 (de) 2005-12-15

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