EP1126591A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour commander ou règler la puissance de résistances de chauffage à basse résistance - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour commander ou règler la puissance de résistances de chauffage à basse résistance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1126591A2
EP1126591A2 EP01100929A EP01100929A EP1126591A2 EP 1126591 A2 EP1126591 A2 EP 1126591A2 EP 01100929 A EP01100929 A EP 01100929A EP 01100929 A EP01100929 A EP 01100929A EP 1126591 A2 EP1126591 A2 EP 1126591A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control
voltage
current
arrangement
igbt module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01100929A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1126591A3 (fr
EP1126591B1 (fr
Inventor
Winfried Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JUMO GMBH & CO. KG
Original Assignee
Mk Juchheim & Co GmbH
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Priority to SI200130504T priority Critical patent/SI1126591T1/sl
Publication of EP1126591A2 publication Critical patent/EP1126591A2/fr
Publication of EP1126591A3 publication Critical patent/EP1126591A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1126591B1 publication Critical patent/EP1126591B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling or regulating the power from low-resistance consumers whose nominal voltage is less than that Mains voltage is, according to the preamble of claim 1 and Arrangement for this according to the preamble of patent claim 5.
  • the known heating resistors have another characteristic Silicon carbide: With these the temperature coefficient can be determined by a Set of U-shaped curves depicting the specific resistance is shown above the temperature. The minimum is around 1020 ° C. In addition, the course of these curves changes with aging of the heating resistors, namely by a factor of 4 towards one Increase.
  • a well-known way to regulate or limit output consists in the use of variable transformers, which - depending on the power - are heavy and expensive.
  • Heating resistors For regulating the performance of low-resistance heating resistors, whose nominal voltage is significantly lower than the mains voltage, are the known arrangements neither provided nor suitable, because here a current-voltage transformation must be monitored.
  • Heating resistors which can have a very high output, are trading are examples of rods made of molybdenum disilicide or silicon carbide be operated with nominal voltages from, for example, 10 volts and whose ohmic resistances either have a very steep positive temperature coefficient own or age during the period of operation, whereby their ohmic resistances quadruple, for example.
  • the super heating elements from the Kanthal company Cold molybdenum disilicide has a resistance value that is only about 1/16 of the resistance value at operating temperature. The Supply of mains voltage to such a cold heating element comes So practically a short circuit, which leads to the destruction of the switching elements can lead to significant network disturbances due to current peaks and Harmonics.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a control method and to provide an arrangement for this, with which the performance is low Heating resistors whose nominal voltage is lower than the mains voltage, without transformers and with the least possible effort can be controlled continuously or quasi-continuously without inadmissible network faults occur.
  • the heating power or the current consumption can be lower Heating resistors, for the operating voltages between 10 and 230 volts are needed without variable transformers and / or be managed.
  • an IGBT can be used as the power semiconductor that have a lower saturation voltage than a bipolar transistor and has acceptable switching losses at operating frequencies above 10 kHz, for example from 20, 50 kHz and above having.
  • controllability is just as easy as in MOS devices. The electricity drawn from the network at least gives way no longer significantly dependent on the sinus shape,
  • the sinusoidal mains current always results from the required power divided by the mains voltage of the power supply. If e.g. Heating elements with an operating voltage of If 115 volts are operated, these heating elements can be operated without a transformer operate directly on the network. If the nominal current of the named Heating elements is 50 A, the network only 25 A sinusoidal Deprived of electricity. The resistance characteristics of the heating elements does not matter.
  • the subject of the invention is not subject to wear, has a high positioning speed, better efficiency, small Dimensions and light weight when compared to classic Actuators such as transducers and variable transformers are compared.
  • the input current is at least essentially is sinusoidal and in phase with the input voltage, the network at least predominantly only active power.
  • the subject of the invention has an extremely high positioning speed, better efficiency, smallest possible dimensions and a light weight if you meet these criteria with classic actuators compares.
  • it is at age-sensitive heating elements possible for the first time, both in the network Always take the same current from new as well as from aging.
  • the mains current remains constant with regard to the output load the shape and the amplitude at least approximately the same and sinusoidal.
  • the Subject of the invention also for short-wave infrared radiators. Arise neither when switching on nor during operation in the lower setting range excessive current amplitudes in the network. In all cases the mains current is always sinusoidal and directly proportional to the power drawn.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for use in the Power regulation of ohmic consumers from the group of Resistance heating elements made of metals and silicon carbide and for Power regulation of ohmic consumers for heating purposes of workpieces in industrial ovens, for drying paints, for deforming plastics, for soldering and for household and Commercial appliances for cooking food and ironing textiles.
  • the core of the control arrangement is a commercially available one IGBT module 10 of the type described above, the a current input 1, two current outputs 2 and 3 and two control voltage terminals 6 (for the gate voltage) and 7 (for the emitter voltage) owns.
  • the consumer circuit there are - in series - the ohmic Consumer R, which also consists of a parallel connection of several Consumers can exist, and an inductive choke L.
  • the mains voltage inputs are labeled L1, N and PE.
  • the mains voltage inputs L1 and N are a rectifier 11 with a positive terminal 12 and a negative terminal 13 connected. Parallel to the rectifier 11, a capacitor C is connected.
  • the load circuit on which An example of a voltage of 230 volts is with reinforced lines highlighted. Due to the action of the inductor L, the load current i do not jump up suddenly and also not suddenly to zero become.
  • the inductor L and the capacitor C are designed to be AC voltage-proof but as small as possible in accordance with the largest possible consumer current, for example the inductor L between 0.2 and 1.0 mH, preferably with 0.5 mH, and the capacitor C between 10 and 100 ⁇ F, preferably with 50 ⁇ F.
  • the preferred values apply to an industrial furnace with a current consumption of 70 A.
  • the current input 1 is a sensor unit 14 for detecting the Upstream of consumer current; in it the measured current 1 in converted a proportional voltage U across a return line 15 of a control arrangement 16 is connected.
  • a voltage tap 17 leads via a current limiter 18 and a line 19 a driver 20 with electrical isolation.
  • the maximum operating current can be set to a predetermined value.
  • the voltage applied to the consumer R is via lines 21 and 22 tapped and fed to a potential isolator 23, which is exemplary contains an optocoupler. Another return line leads from this 24 to control arrangement 16.
  • Current, voltage or power control (i or u) can alternatively be added, whereby the Switches are not shown for the sake of simplicity.
  • the Control arrangement 16 via a setpoint generator, not shown adjustable setpoint w applied.
  • the control arrangement 16 includes an integrator 25, at the output 26 of which a variable voltage u1, u2, .... un, is present, which is a comparator 27 is activated. Its output 28 is in turn connected to driver 20. From this lead two lines 29 and 30 to the control voltage terminals 6 and 7 of the IGBT module 10. The function of the control arrangement 16 is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 explained.
  • the driver 20 serves as an amplifier with potential isolation. On the Line 29 can - based on line 30 - a voltage between +18 volts and -5 volts are present.
  • a branch line 31 leads from line 22 to driver 20.
  • Safety function namely the monitoring of the collector voltage. For example, a shutdown when the collector voltage is a predetermined Limit of e.g. Exceeds 7 volts (short-circuit monitoring).
  • Figure 2 shows the course of the mains voltage with a frequency of exemplary 50 or 60 Hz after rectification over three half-waves, whereby the dashed curve for the second half-wave the voltage curve implies without rectification. By rectification this half wave "flipped" to the other side of the abscissa (with time t).
  • the rounded areas 31 are on the action of the capacitor C. attributed.
  • Figure 3 shows the principle of control over a half-wave of the mains voltage U (50 or 60 Hz) and the associated current i.
  • the comparator 27 is a jagged curve according to Figure 4 with a frequency of generated 20 kHz as an example. This so-called triangular voltage is with the variable voltage of the integrator 25 compared. It turns on Output of the comparator 27 an on-off duty cycle for the IGBT 10th on.
  • the wavy curve shows the actual current curve with the specified one Frequency of 20 kHz (control frequency) between the current curves io and iu on a very coarser scale.
  • the current curve rises according to the voltage and the consumer resistance R steep until the IGBT module 10 switches off again, whereby the actual Current curve again approaches the lower current curve iu. With their When reached, the IGBT module 10 switches on again, and the actual one Current curve rises again, whereupon the game according to the Control frequency repeated any number of times.
  • the current curves io and iu are in depends primarily on the control frequency and the inductance of the Throttle L.
  • FIG. 4 shows the course of the voltage U according to the function of the comparator 27 with the control frequency already mentioned by way of example 20 kHz.
  • U1 and u2 are the specifiable control voltages at the output 26 of the integrator 25 in dashed lines.
  • the lines for u1 and u2 indicate the switch-off status of the IGBT module 10, the intermediate sections (above the triangles) its on state.
  • the switch-off times are each with "a", the Switch-on times labeled "e”.
  • the proportions of these sections indicate the respective proportional outputs at the consumer R, which range from 0% (at the tips of the triangles) to 100% (at the bases of the triangles) can be varied.
  • the design of the choke L depends on the control frequency of the Comparator 27: The higher this is, the smaller L can be chosen. So it may be desirable to control the frequency of the To increase compensator 27 to over 20 kHz, for example in the direction to 100 kHz, the switching frequency of the IGBT module 10 corresponding is increased.
  • the IGBT module 10 When the IGBT module 10 is switched on, the current flows from the positive pole of the Rectifier 11 via the choke L and the consumer R to the current input 1 of the IGBT module 10, on to current output 2 and Negative pole of the rectifier 11. When the IGBT module 10 is switched off, it flows the current continues via current output 3 and also via the Choke L and the consumer R. It is in the manner described possible, the current flow through the consumer R and at this applied voltage almost lossless but in any case without reaction to regulate (on the network). With an oven output of 10 to For example, 20 kW results in a power loss of around 0.3 kW is discharged via a cooling block. Have capacitor and choke very small dimensions and weights, which are noticeable in total are lower than the comparable values of a variable transformer. The cost is correspondingly lower. That way it is for example possible low voltage heating elements with voltages from 10 to 120 volts compared to a mains voltage of, for example 230 volts are to be operated with the advantages mentioned.
  • FIG. 5 shows a comparison of the mains current curve using a diagram, as it occurs with a molybdenum disilicide heating element, if its Heating power using a classic phase control a thyristor is controlled.
  • the abscissa extends over a half wave, and on the ordinate are the factors "F" from 0 to 16 for the current draw plotted against the nominal current at operating temperature, where the factor 1 stands for this nominal current.
  • the curves in between show - from top to bottom - current consumption curves with increasing intermediate temperatures.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
EP01100929A 2000-01-22 2001-01-17 Procédé et dispositif pour commander ou règler la puissance de résistances de chauffage à basse résistance Expired - Lifetime EP1126591B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200130504T SI1126591T1 (sl) 2000-01-22 2001-01-17 Postopek in priprava za krmiljenje ali reguliranje moci nizkoohmskih grelnih uporov

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10002736 2000-01-22
DE10002736 2000-01-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1126591A2 true EP1126591A2 (fr) 2001-08-22
EP1126591A3 EP1126591A3 (fr) 2003-02-05
EP1126591B1 EP1126591B1 (fr) 2005-12-07

Family

ID=7628428

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EP01100929A Expired - Lifetime EP1126591B1 (fr) 2000-01-22 2001-01-17 Procédé et dispositif pour commander ou règler la puissance de résistances de chauffage à basse résistance

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1126591B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE312429T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE50108270D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2253286T3 (fr)
SI (1) SI1126591T1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104746323A (zh) * 2015-04-13 2015-07-01 厦门优尔电器股份有限公司 一种温控方式改良的电熨斗及该电熨斗的温控方法
US9724903B2 (en) 2013-08-13 2017-08-08 Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung Der Emerson Technologies Gmbh & Co. Ohg Heat radiator, device for infrared welding and method for heating plastic components
US10690705B2 (en) 2016-06-15 2020-06-23 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Power converter for a thermal system
US11569661B2 (en) 2021-01-11 2023-01-31 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Masterless distributed dynamic load management

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100458637C (zh) * 2005-04-18 2009-02-04 金丰电子(苏州)有限公司 一种低谐波电流的功率调整方法及装置
DE102008039246A1 (de) * 2008-07-16 2010-01-21 Hans Effertz PWM - Leistungsdimmer
CN105019214A (zh) * 2015-07-24 2015-11-04 东莞市富鼎瑞实业有限公司 电子控温熨斗

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2093613A (en) * 1978-05-08 1982-09-02 Stevens Carlile R D.C. power supply
US5134355A (en) * 1990-12-31 1992-07-28 Texas Instruments Incorporated Power factor correction control for switch-mode power converters
EP0588569A2 (fr) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-23 International Business Machines Corporation Alimentation pour appareil électronique et système de dispositif électronique
FR2696293A1 (fr) * 1992-09-25 1994-04-01 Intelligent Electronic Systems Procédé d'alimentation à absorption sinusoïdale ou quasi-sinusoïdale de courant et dispositif pour sa mise en Óoeuvre.
EP0665629A2 (fr) * 1994-01-28 1995-08-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de commande de puissance et appareil de formation d'image utilisant celui-ci
DE19510989A1 (de) * 1994-03-30 1995-10-05 Electrovac Bauteilkombination für elektrische Heizplatten, Zündeinrichtungen, Temperatursensoren o. dgl.
US5602463A (en) * 1995-12-11 1997-02-11 Lockheed Martin Corporation DC power supply with enhanced input power factor using a buck and boost converter
US5910886A (en) * 1997-11-07 1999-06-08 Sierra Applied Sciences, Inc. Phase-shift power supply

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2093613A (en) * 1978-05-08 1982-09-02 Stevens Carlile R D.C. power supply
US5134355A (en) * 1990-12-31 1992-07-28 Texas Instruments Incorporated Power factor correction control for switch-mode power converters
EP0588569A2 (fr) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-23 International Business Machines Corporation Alimentation pour appareil électronique et système de dispositif électronique
FR2696293A1 (fr) * 1992-09-25 1994-04-01 Intelligent Electronic Systems Procédé d'alimentation à absorption sinusoïdale ou quasi-sinusoïdale de courant et dispositif pour sa mise en Óoeuvre.
EP0665629A2 (fr) * 1994-01-28 1995-08-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de commande de puissance et appareil de formation d'image utilisant celui-ci
DE19510989A1 (de) * 1994-03-30 1995-10-05 Electrovac Bauteilkombination für elektrische Heizplatten, Zündeinrichtungen, Temperatursensoren o. dgl.
US5602463A (en) * 1995-12-11 1997-02-11 Lockheed Martin Corporation DC power supply with enhanced input power factor using a buck and boost converter
US5910886A (en) * 1997-11-07 1999-06-08 Sierra Applied Sciences, Inc. Phase-shift power supply

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Title
BIANCHIN C G ET AL: "Power factor regulators for heating applications" POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, 1997. PESC '97 RECORD., 28TH ANNUAL IEEE ST. LOUIS, MO, USA 22-27 JUNE 1997, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, US, 22. Juni 1997 (1997-06-22), Seiten 509-515, XP010241593 ISBN: 0-7803-3840-5 *
BOSE B K: "Power Electronics - an Emerging Technology" IECON'88, XP010271140 *
COMANDATORE G ET AL: "DESIGNING A HIGH POWER FACTOR SWITCHING CONVERTER PREREGULATOR WITH THE L4981 CONTINUOUS MODE" SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS APPLICATION NOTE, XX, XX, 1997, Seiten 1-23, XP002183394 *
HIRACHI K ET AL: "Improved control strategy on buck-type PFC converter" ELECTRONICS LETTERS, IEE STEVENAGE, GB, Bd. 34, Nr. 12, 11. Juni 1998 (1998-06-11), Seiten 1162-1163, XP006009935 ISSN: 0013-5194 *
HURTADO F J ET AL: "NOVEL HARMONIC REDUCTION AND UNITY POER FACTOR DC/AC CONDITIONING TECHNIQUE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGIES APPLICATIONS" PROCEEDINGS OF STOCKHOLM POWER TECH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRIC POWER ENGINEERING, XX, XX, Bd. 2, 18. Juni 1995 (1995-06-18), Seiten 179-184, XP001033572 *
MWEENE L.H.; OTTEN D.M.; SCHLECHT M.F.: 'A high-efficiency 1.5 kW, 390-50 V half-bridge converter operated at 100% duty-ratio' PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION. (APEC). BOSTON, NEW YORK, IEEE, US 23 Februar 1992 - 27 Februar 1992, Seiten 723 - 729 *
NABESHIMA T. COMPUTER-AIDED OPTIMUM DESIGN OF A BUCK-TYPE SWITCHING REGULATOR 1990, Seiten 336 - 342 *
STUART T A ET AL: "Computer simulation of IGBT losses in PFC circuits" COMPUTERS IN POWER ELECTRONICS, 1994., IEEE 4TH WORKSHOP ON TROIS-RIVIERES, QUE., CANADA 7-10 AUG. 1994, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, 7. August 1994 (1994-08-07), Seiten 85-90, XP010136481 ISBN: 0-7803-2091-3 *
TANG W.; LEE F.C.; RIDLEY R.B.: 'Small-signal modeling of average current-mode control' PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION. (APEC). BOSTON, NEW YORK, IEEE, US 23 Februar 1992 - 27 Februar 1992, Seiten 747 - 755 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9724903B2 (en) 2013-08-13 2017-08-08 Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung Der Emerson Technologies Gmbh & Co. Ohg Heat radiator, device for infrared welding and method for heating plastic components
US10479064B2 (en) 2013-08-13 2019-11-19 Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung Der Emerson Technologies Gmbh & Co. Ohg Heat radiator, device for infrared welding and method for heating plastic components
CN104746323A (zh) * 2015-04-13 2015-07-01 厦门优尔电器股份有限公司 一种温控方式改良的电熨斗及该电熨斗的温控方法
US10690705B2 (en) 2016-06-15 2020-06-23 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Power converter for a thermal system
US11569661B2 (en) 2021-01-11 2023-01-31 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Masterless distributed dynamic load management

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE312429T1 (de) 2005-12-15
ES2253286T3 (es) 2006-06-01
SI1126591T1 (sl) 2006-06-30
EP1126591A3 (fr) 2003-02-05
DE50108270D1 (de) 2006-01-12
DE10102124A1 (de) 2001-07-26
EP1126591B1 (fr) 2005-12-07

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