Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • B27B1/00—Methods for subdividing trunks or logs essentially involving sawing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
  • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
  • B27L11/007—Combined with manufacturing a workpiece
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
  • Y10T428/24074—Strand or strand-portions

Definitions

• the invention relates to a wood chip with a first, concave surface and a second, convex surface, which delimit the substantially wedge-shaped wood chips between them, the surfaces converging in an imaginary tip outside the wood chip and the tip on a surface running between the surfaces Center line lies around a center line section outside the wood chip.
• the invention further relates to a method for producing a substantially wedge-shaped wood chip, in which the wood chip is machined from the wood by means of a rotating chipping tool in such a way that it has a first, concave surface and a second, convex surface which between them Limit wood chips.
• the invention further relates to a method for profiling a tree trunk, in which, using a chipping tool, longitudinal corners are cut out of the tree trunk and side boards are sawn off the tree trunk, one narrow side of which is formed by one edge surface of the corner, a saw cut being made before the corners are removed is guided along the other edge surface.
• the invention further relates to a device for producing a substantially wedge-shaped wood chip, in which the wood chip is machined from the wood by means of a rotating chipping tool in such a way that it has a first, concave surface and a second, convex surface which delimit the wood chips between them .
• the invention also relates to a device for profiling a tree trunk, with a chipping tool for chipping longitudinal corners from the tree trunk, with means for sawing off side boards from the tree trunk, one narrow side of which is formed by one edge surface of the corner, and with a saw for guiding a saw cut along the other edge surface before removing the corners.
• the invention relates to uses of the wood chips mentioned, the method mentioned and the device mentioned.
• chipping tools In woodworking technology, it is generally known to cut wood in whole or in part by means of so-called chipping tools.
• the chipper tools are usually rotating tools with chipper knives on their circumference.
• the cutting tools are usually spatially fixed ordered, and the wood to be cut or machined is guided along the chipper head in the axial direction of the wood.
• the wood chips produced have a wing-like shape with an essentially wedge-shaped cross section.
• the wood chips are delimited on their two large surfaces by a concave or convex side, these sides leading from a thick end of the wood chip to a thin end or in the cross-sectional representation of a tip in which the two surfaces run tangentially into one another.
• Wood chips are a valuable raw material in various branches of industry. This includes the pulp industry, the paper industry, but also the manufacturers of wood-based materials and so-called composite components, i.e. Panels, boards and beams made by gluing wood chips.
• Wood chips of medium size are particularly preferred because wood chips that are too large are difficult to process and that wood chips that are too small or too thin lead to losses or to no viable structures, particularly in the production of pulp, paper, wood-based materials and composite components.
• wood chips are produced by means of a rotating chipping tool in the manner described in more detail above, they have the thinly tapering end along their wedge-shaped cross section.
• This thin end is a disadvantage for the further processing of the wood chips, because this thin end either dissolves in the pulp or leads to areas that are not very stable in the production of composite components.
• wood chips are produced either when wood is completely cut or when wood is partly cut out.
• a partial removal of wood takes place e.g. when profiling tree trunks. This means the all-round processing of initially raw tree trunks in order to give them a cross-sectional shape (profile), in which the profiled tree trunk can be easily broken down into boards and beams by subsequent sawing.
• a corresponding method and a corresponding device are e.g. described in DE 29 28 949 A.
• the tree trunks are machined during profiling by means of so-called corner cutters, which mill corners in the axial direction out of the tree trunk, so that the previously or subsequently flattened on all sides Tree trunk is given a profile in which so-called side boards can be sawn off.
• a corresponding method and a corresponding device are described in DE 37 02 980 C2.
• a first, for example horizontal saw cut of predetermined depth is first made from one side of a tree trunk, in which case the axis of rotation of the saw blade runs vertically.
• a section of the wood above the saw cut is machined, whereby the axis of rotation of the chipping tool, or in the case of a combined tool head, the common axis of rotation, runs vertically.
• the removed area does not reach as far horizontally into the tree trunk as the first saw cut is deep.
• the remaining area above the horizontal saw cut is machined using a cutting tool whose axis of rotation runs horizontally in the example mentioned.
• a second, vertical saw cut is made, the bottom of the gap created in this case being at the center where the first, horizontal saw cut ends in the wood.
• a whole area is worked out of the tree trunk that is corner-like, but is basically stepped at the corner. It is important that at no time does one of the two chipping tools intervene in an area that was previously sawn out. In this known method, as has already been described, only so-called "comma chips" are generated.
• EP 0 770 461 A2 discloses a method and a plant for dividing tree trunks into smaller wood products.
• a tree trunk is profiled by first sawing the corners completely using circular saw blades whose axes are inclined at 90 ° to one another. When sawing out, strips are created that are removed from the actual profiling system and completely cut in a separate chipper.
• a method for processing tree trunks is known from EP 0 775 558 AI.
• a longitudinal cut is first made through the tree trunk by means of a band saw, this saw cut being made such that it separates a side board from the tree trunk.
• the saw blade is followed by a separating element in the sawn gap, with which the side board, which is still materially connected to the tree trunk, is kept at a distance from the remaining main goods.
• the separating element in turn is followed by a combined trimming tool which, in the manner already described, consists of a chipper and a circular saw blade connected to it.
• the corner area above the narrow side of the side board to be produced is machined and at the same time the narrow side of the side board is machined with a high-quality surface using the circular saw blade.
• the cutting knife and the circular saw blade have the same radius in the cutting tool.
• the flight circle runs tangentially to the broad side of the separated side board, in other words, the saw teeth and the chipper blades do not run into the gap created by the leading band saw. Even if, in this known method, the flight circle of the span knife would extend into the gap, this would be irrelevant in connection with the present invention, because it is known that band saws are only extremely narrow Saw joints are generated, which are typically a maximum of 3 mm wide. This would only affect the outermost tips of the chips. However, this would only result in an economically insignificant change in the shape of the chips. With this known method, the "comma chips" already mentioned are generated in principle.
• side boards are sawn from a tree trunk flattened at the side, which are still provided with forest edges at their edges. These side boards are bent out of the sawing plane as long as they are still materially connected to the tree trunk at the leading end and then run essentially parallel to the tree trunk at a distance. In this spaced-apart position, the side boards are machined on the narrow sides by means of a trimmer and thus trimmed. The cutting edges of the trimming cutter run through the wood in the area of the forest edges at a pressure angle of approx. 45 ° in the radial direction. The side boards thus run past the edger chipper almost in the area of the axis of rotation. This is possible because, as mentioned, the side boards are currently spaced from the main goods.
• the known method and the known device thus have the advantage of producing chips which are made more economical for subsequent processing in the cellulose industry, but this advantage has to be bought with considerable additional effort because the side boards are bent out of the sawing plane after sawing off and have to be trimmed there at a considerable distance from the main goods. This is not possible with all types of wood, at least not without damaging the side boards when bending in the fiber.
• the invention is based on the object of developing a wood chip and method and devices of the type mentioned at the outset or of specifying the uses mentioned in order to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above.
• wood chips should be produced in an economically optimal manner, the shape of which corresponds as closely as possible to those classes of wood chips that are most highly paid for by the processing industry.
• this object is achieved according to the invention in that the length of the central line section lying outside the woodchip is between 40% and 100% of the length of the central line section within the woodchip.
• the object is achieved in that the wood is removed prior to the removal in the area in which the surfaces converge in an imaginary tip.
• the object is achieved in that the cutting tool radius extends into the gap produced by the saw cut and runs empty therein.
• the object is achieved in that means are provided for removing the wood before chipping in the area in which the surfaces converge in an imaginary tip.
• the object is achieved according to the invention in that the cutting tool extends with its circle radius into the gap created by the saw cut, in such a way that it runs empty therein.
• the task is still solved by using the aforementioned wood chips as strands in the production of composite beams or boards.
• the invention provides for this thinly tapering end to be removed, so that only the thicker end of the chips remains.
• Such a shortened wood chip has a much higher economic value and can therefore be processed in a much better way.
• the operator of a sawmill system can therefore expect a much higher economic yield during the recycling of the chips with such shaped chips.
• the measure that the tip lies on a center line running between the surfaces around a center line section outside the chip, the length of which is between 40% and 100% of the length of the center line section inside the chip, has the advantage that a chip is produced which is just that it is much shortened that it represents an economic optimum.
• the center line of the wood chips intersects the wood chips in an interface in the transition between the center line sections.
• the interface preferably encloses a finite angle with the center line, so that further preferably the wood chip between the surfaces in the transition from the concave surface to the interface have a thickness between 2 and 10 mm.
• This dimensioning information also has the advantage that wood chips which can be used in an economically optimal manner are produced.
• the interface mentioned is flat. This is preferably done by making the interface by sawing.
• the saw is preferably designed as a circular saw with a circular saw blade of more than 5 to 6 mm in thickness.
• the circular saw is further preferably followed by a riving knife which is arranged between the saw and the cutting tool.
• This measure opens up the possibility of preparing the wood to be chipped or chipped in one and the same operation by means of a cut, in particular a saw cut, in such a way that the shortened wood chips mentioned arise immediately when the rotating chipper tool is subsequently engaged, since the area has already been removed beforehand, in which the tapered ends or tips would have been produced.
• Figure 1 is a sectional view through a wood chip, as it is produced with conventional chipping tools.
• FIG. 2 shows an illustration, similar to FIG. 1, but for a wood chip produced in accordance with the invention
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic, radial cross-sectional representation of a tree trunk to explain a profiling process
• FIGS. 4 and 5 are extremely schematic views of a device for producing wood chips of a conventional type
• FIG. 6 shows an illustration, similar to FIG. 5, but on an enlarged scale and illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for producing wood chips according to the invention.
• 10 denotes a woodchip of a conventional type.
• the woodchip 10 has two sides or surfaces 12, 14 which are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and form the essential surface of the woodchip 10.
• the left surface 12 in FIG. 1 is concave, and the right surface 14 is convex.
• the surfaces 12 and 14 converge tangentially at the bottom in FIG. 1 in a tip 16 or edge.
• a preferably flat end face 18 can be seen at the opposite end of the chips 10.
• the wood chips 10 thus have a thick end 20 and a thin end 22.
• the lateral distance of the parting plane 24 from the tip 16 is typically 6 mm, for example.
• a center line 26 for example the center line portion 26a within the remaining wood flake 10 'with a length l j _ and the imaginary center line portion 26b outside the remaining wood flake 10', namely until the tip 16 , with a length of 1 2 , the total length of the original wood chips being 10 l x + 1 2 .
• An optimal position of the parting plane 24 is, for example, when 1 2 is between 40% and 100% of 1 : .
• Another possible definition is to define the thickness d of the remaining wood chips 10 ′ in the transition from the convex surface 24 to an interface 28 along the parting plane 24, for example between 2 and 10 mm.
• the interface 28 forms an acute angle ⁇ with the center line 26, which e.g. can be between 15 ° and 50 °.
• the flat end face 18 is produced by machining or sawing and the interface 28 by sawing in the axial direction. They are therefore flat and run parallel to each other.
• the essentially circular radial section through a tree trunk is indicated by dash-dotted lines.
• the so-called rinds 32 ie surface sections affected by forest edges, are located on the side of the tree trunk 30.
• So-called corners 34 are provided at four circumferential positions of the tree trunk 10, each offset by 90 ° to one another.
• a corner milling cutter 44 generally speaking a rotating chipping tool, is used to attach the corners.
• the corner milling cutter 44 can be rotated about an axis 46 in the direction of an arrow 48.
• the axis 46 runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tree trunk 30.
• the corner milling cutter 44 is composed in a manner known per se from two tools, namely a chipper 50 and a saw blade 52 or a corresponding number of planing knives.
• the knives of the chipper 50 plunge into the corner 34 in the region of the first edge surface 38, while at the same time the second edge surface 40 of the corner 34 is treated by the saw blade 52 or the planing knives.
• FIG. 5 shows a top view of the arrangement according to FIG. 4.
• the arrow 54 indicates the rotary movement of the corner milling cutter 44 rotating around the axis 48. Its radius is denoted by r.
• An arrow 56 indicates the direction of advance of the tree trunk 30 relative to the corner milling cutter 44 which is mounted in a fixed position (or vice versa).
• the plan view according to FIG. 5 also shows a flattened area 58 on the tree trunk 30, where the corresponding rind 32 was previously removed by flattening it sideways.
• the flattened area 58 is separated by an axially extending transition line 60 from the remaining forest-edged area 62, in which the corner 34 is to be worked out by means of the corner mill 44.
• a circular saw blade 70 which rotates about an axis 72, is arranged in front of the rotating corner milling cutter 44, as indicated by an arrow 74.
• the axis 72 extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tree trunk 30.
• the circular saw blade 70 thus saws a gap 76 along the transition line 60.
• the circular saw blade 70 typically has a thickness of more than 5 mm, preferably 6 mm and more, so that the gap 76 is correspondingly wide is, at least considerably wider than in the case of a band saw.
• the circular saw blade 70 can also be provided with particularly wide teeth.
• a circular wedge 78 can follow the circular saw blade 70 and ends in the axial direction where the engagement area of the corner milling cutter 44 begins.
• the arrangement is such that the gap 76 lies where the thin end 22 of the chips would lie in the conventional procedure (FIG. 5). Since the wood present there has already been removed in this area by the circular saw blade 70, the cutter blades of the cutter 50 of the corner milling cutter 44 as well as the saw blade 52 or the planing blades run empty.
• the wood chips 10 ′ are produced without the thinner end 22, ie they only consist of the thicker end 20.
• the circular saw blade 70 is only to be understood as an example in this respect, and that other cutting tools can of course also be used, e.g. the width of the gap 76 should be larger.
• the procedure shown in FIG. 6 also has the advantage that the first edge surface 38 is also designed with a saw-quality surface from the outset.

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
• Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
• Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
• Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
• Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=7872474

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Families Citing this family (8)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 1998
  • 1998-06-30 DE DE19829112A patent/DE19829112C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-06-18 DE DE59901021T patent/DE59901021D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-06-18 EP EP99929270A patent/EP1091836B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-06-18 AT AT99929270T patent/ATE214654T1/de active
  • 1999-06-18 WO PCT/EP1999/004230 patent/WO2000000331A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1999-06-18 CA CA002336337A patent/CA2336337C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-06-18 ES ES99929270T patent/ES2177292T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-06-18 DK DK99929270T patent/DK1091836T3/da active
• 2000
  • 2000-12-29 US US09/751,043 patent/US6543497B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events