EP1062005B2 - Procede d'inertisation pour la prevention et l'extinction des incendies dans des locaux fermes - Google Patents

Procede d'inertisation pour la prevention et l'extinction des incendies dans des locaux fermes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1062005B2
EP1062005B2 EP99907555A EP99907555A EP1062005B2 EP 1062005 B2 EP1062005 B2 EP 1062005B2 EP 99907555 A EP99907555 A EP 99907555A EP 99907555 A EP99907555 A EP 99907555A EP 1062005 B2 EP1062005 B2 EP 1062005B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxygen
space
fire
monitored
inerting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP99907555A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1062005B1 (fr
EP1062005A1 (fr
EP1062005B3 (fr
Inventor
Ernst Werner Wagner
Volker Dr. Schütte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wagner Group GmbH
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Wagner Alarm- und Sicherungssysteme GmbH
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Application filed by Wagner Alarm- und Sicherungssysteme GmbH filed Critical Wagner Alarm- und Sicherungssysteme GmbH
Publication of EP1062005A1 publication Critical patent/EP1062005A1/fr
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inerting method for reducing the risk and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • inert gas extinguishing technology as the flooding of a fire-prone or in fire space by oxygen-displacing gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases and mixtures thereof is called, the oxygen-displacing gases are usually stored in special ancillary rooms in steel cylinders compressed. If necessary, then the gas is passed through piping systems and corresponding outlet nozzles in the space in question.
  • inert gas technology entails certain problems and has clear boundaries in terms of room size. In the case of large rooms, for example with a floor area of 20 "50 m and a height of 6.5 m, this results in a volume of 6500 m 3.
  • Standard steel cylinders are those with a capacity of 80 l 200 bar, which is currently the upper standard size because of the limit load capacity of the available valves.For example, at 200 bar cylinder pressure, 80 liters contain 18.3 kg of nitrogen, which then yields 16 m 3 of nitrogen in a relaxed state at 1 bar ambient pressure. In order to flood the aforementioned room with 6500 m 3 volume with inert gas, the content of 300 steel bottles would then be required.This bottle weighs about 100 kg, which would make a weight of 30 t for 300 bottles Weight of the pipes and fittings, so that very high demands on the carrying capacity of the storage rooms would have to be made ne large footprint needed for such a number of bottles.
  • US-A-3 830 307 discloses an apparatus for extinguishing fires in confined spaces, comprising a fire detection device for detecting a fire characteristic in the room air, and a container of liquid or gaseous nitrogen as an inert gas. This is passed via a pipeline into the space to be monitored, wherein the nitrogen in the form of finely divided drops passes through a nozzle into the room and the oxygen content is lowered rapidly to a certain Vollinertmaschineslust. It is also proposed to reduce the oxygen content to 11 vol .-% for prevention.
  • the oxygen content in the enclosed space is lowered to a certain basic inerting level, for example 16%, and in the case of a fire, the oxygen content is increased to a certain Vollinertmaschinesplace further, for example, 12 vol Lowered% or below.
  • a basic inerting level of 16% by volume oxygen concentration does not pose any danger to persons or animals, so that they can still easily enter the room.
  • the full alarm level can be set either at night when no persons or animals enter the room concerned, or directly in response to a reported fire.
  • 12 vol .-% oxygen concentration the flammability of most materials is already reduced so far that they can not ignite.
  • the advantages of the method according to the invention are, in particular, that the number of containers required for the oxygen displacing inert gases in case of fire is significantly reduced. This reduces the total cost of fire prevention and Fire extinguishing system considerably. In addition, structurally a smaller pressure relief device is required, since in case of fire only a smaller volume of gas must flow within the short time available for the structural relief must be provided.
  • a device for carrying out this method which initially comprises the following components: An oxygen measuring device in the space to be monitored; a first plant for the production of the oxygen-displacing gas or for the removal of oxygen from the space to be monitored; a second system for the sudden introduction of an oxygen-displacing gas in the space to be monitored; and a fire detection device for detecting a fire characteristic in the room air.
  • a controller is provided which emits a Grundinertretessignal depending on the oxygen content of the room air of the space to be monitored to the first system for the production of oxygen-displacing gas or to remove the oxygen, and in response to a detection signal from the fire detection device Vollinertretessignal outputs to the second system.
  • This device realizes in an ideal way the connection of the method according to the invention with a fire detection device.
  • the control according to the invention for outputting the basic inerting signal and the full inertization signal takes into account the particular conditions of the room to be monitored, the Grundinertretespar was previously calculated according to the size and type of space.
  • the inertization process contains the following further 2 process steps, which are carried out prior to the first process step, the lowering of the oxygen content to a specific basic inerting level:
  • the inertization process adapts to certain leaks in the room, by a classical control of the oxygen content in the space to be monitored.
  • a detector for fire characteristics is integrated into the process, which emits a signal for Vollinertmaschine in case of fire.
  • an aspirative fire detection device is understood to mean a fire detection device which actively aspirates a representative subset of the room air via a pipeline or duct system at a multiplicity of locations and then feeds this subset to a measuring chamber with a detector for detecting a fire characteristic.
  • fire characteristic is understood to mean physical quantities which undergo measurable changes in the environment of a fire of origin, for example the ambient temperature, the proportion of solid or liquid or gas in the ambient air (formation of smoke in the form of particles or aerosols or vapor) or the ambient radiation.
  • the method can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner, if the Grundinertleitersforementioned done by machine production and subsequent introduction of oxygen-displacing gases or by a mechanical oxygen extraction. This is feasible in that more time is available to sink to the bottom inertization level, so that a gradual reduction of the oxygen content in the corresponding room by one machine is sufficient.
  • a introduction of oxygen displacing gases in the enclosed space provided in which case all inert gases can be used in principle.
  • These can be provided in an advantageous manner in gas containers, since even with larger spaces, the volume to be filled between the Grundinertmaschinesclude and the Vollinertmaschineshou no longer causes problems.
  • a machine production of oxygen-displacing gases for example by a nitrogen machine, of great advantage, since it also the gas containers, which are responsible for Vollinertmaschine can be refilled after use.
  • the introduction of the oxygen-displacing gases takes place as a function of the oxygen content measured in the closed space. This ensures that only the amount of gas required for Vollinertmaschine is always supplied.
  • the production of the oxygen-displacing gases to achieve the basic inertization level is performed by a nitrogen machine or the like. It has already been mentioned that in this way also the gas tanks responsible for the full inertization can be refilled in an advantageous manner, should they have been emptied once.
  • To monitor is a closed room with normal room air with the usual oxygen content of 21 vol .-%.
  • the oxygen content in the enclosed space is lowered by introducing nitrogen from a nitrogen machine to a certain basic inerting level.
  • the oxygen content in the room to be monitored is constantly measured.
  • the target specification was previously calculated on the basis of the properties of the room and its population with computer equipment and the like.
  • An aspirative fire detection device equipped with a fire characteristic detector, continuously aspirates representative subsets of room air via a piping or ducting system and feeds these subsets to the fire characteristics detector. If a fire parameter is detected and detected with the usual safety loops for a fire, the room is quickly flooded with nitrogen from steel cylinders until a desired oxygen concentration is reached. This was previously determined by the flammable materials in the room.
  • the oxygen measuring device constantly checks whether a lower threshold value of a health-endangering oxygen concentration has been reached. If this is not yet the case, the nitrogen machine continues to receive the base inerting signal and continues to flood the room with nitrogen. Once the health-threatening threshold has been reached, a query is made as to whether the conditions for a night operation or the conditions for a daytime operation should be established. If the room is no longer entered by persons or animals, the Vollinertretessignal is discharged to the nitrogen machine, whereupon, depending on the measured oxygen content, a further oxygen displacement takes place until the specified for the space and the materials contained extinguishable concentration is reached. However, if the room is still to be entered, the oxygen concentration is maintained at a non-hazardous level of about 16% by means of the oxygen measuring device.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Scissors And Nippers (AREA)
  • Toilet Supplies (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé d'inertisation pour minimiser le risque d'incendies et pour éteindre des incendies dans des locaux fermés, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    a) on réduit la teneur en oxygène dans le local fermé jusqu'à un certain niveau d'inertisation de base, et
    b) en cas d'incendie, on continue à réduire rapidement la teneur en oxygène jusqu'à un certain niveau d'inertisation absolue.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par les étapes supplémentaires suivantes avant l'étape a) :
    a1) on mesure la teneur en oxygène dans le local à surveiller,
    a2) la réduction au niveau d'inertisation de base s'effectue en fonction de la valeur mesurée d'oxygène.
  3. Procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par l'autre étape suivante avant l'étape b) :
    b1) en cas d'incendie, un détecteur pour des caractéristiques d'incendie émet un signal pour l'inertisation absolue.
  4. Procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par l'autre étape suivante avant l'étape b) :
    b1) on prélève en permanence des échantillons d'air représentatifs de l'air du local à surveiller, que l'on amène à un détecteur pour des caractéristiques d'incendie qui, en cas d'incendie, émet un signal pour l'inertisation absolue.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la réduction et le maintien du niveau d'inertisation de base désiré s'effectuent par production et/ou introduction de gaz chassant l'oxygène.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la réduction et le maintien du niveau d'inertisation de base désiré s'effectuent par un dispositif de prélèvement d'oxygène.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la poursuite rapide de la réduction de la teneur en oxygène jusqu'au niveau d'inertisation absolue s'effectue par introduction dans le local fermé d'un gaz chassant l'oxygène.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'on met à disposition le gaz chassant l'oxygène dans des récipients à gaz.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'introduction des gaz chassant l'oxygène s'effectue en fonction de la teneur mesurée en oxygène.
  10. Dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, comportant
    un dispositif de mesure d'oxygène dans le local à surveiller,
    une première installation pour produire le gaz chassant l'oxygène ou pour prélever de l'oxygène hors du local à surveiller,
    une deuxième installation pour introduire subitement dans le local à surveiller un gaz chassant l'oxygène, et
    un dispositif de reconnaissance d'incendie pour détecter une caractéristique d'incendie dans l'air du local,
    caractérisé par une commande qui, en fonction de la teneur en oxygène de l'air du local à surveiller, émet un signal d'inertisation de base vers la première installation, et qui, en fonction d'un signal de détection du dispositif de reconnaissance d'incendie, émet un signal d'inertisation absolue vers la deuxième installation.
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de reconnaissance d'incendie est un dispositif de reconnaissance d'incendie à aspiration.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de mesure d'oxygène est intégré dans le boîtier de détecteur du dispositif de reconnaissance d'incendie.
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la production des gaz chassant l'oxygène pour atteindre le niveau d'inertisation de base s'effectue au moyen d'une machine, par exemple une machine de production d'azote.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que, en fonction de la nécessité de rendre possible une accessibilité au local fermé par des êtres vivants, et en fonction des moments auxquels une accessibilité au local fermé par des êtres vivants doit être possible, on commute entre le niveau d'inertisation de base et le niveau d'inertisation absolue, le niveau d'inertisation de base étant établi si une accessibilité doit être possible, et le niveau d'inertisation de base étant maintenu pendant la période requise pour l'accessibilité.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce que la commande commute entre les teneurs en oxygène du niveau d'inertisation de base et du niveau d'inertisation absolue du local à surveiller, par exemple entre un fonctionnement de jour et un fonctionnement de nuit, en prenant en compte les nécessités de rendre accessible le local pour des êtres vivants, la commande commutant, si l'accessibilité du local doit être possible, la teneur en oxygène au niveau d'inertisation de base et maintenant alors ce niveau pendant la période temporelle requise.
EP99907555.9A 1998-03-18 1999-02-17 Procede d'inertisation pour la prevention et l'extinction des incendies dans des locaux fermes Expired - Lifetime EP1062005B3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19811851A DE19811851C2 (de) 1998-03-18 1998-03-18 Inertisierungsverfahren zur Brandverhütung und -löschung in geschlossenen Räumen
DE19811851 1998-03-18
PCT/EP1999/001021 WO1999047210A1 (fr) 1998-03-18 1999-02-17 Procede d'inertisation pour la prevention et l'extinction des incendies dans des locaux fermes

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1062005A1 EP1062005A1 (fr) 2000-12-27
EP1062005B1 EP1062005B1 (fr) 2003-09-03
EP1062005B2 true EP1062005B2 (fr) 2007-03-28
EP1062005B3 EP1062005B3 (fr) 2013-07-24

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EP99907555.9A Expired - Lifetime EP1062005B3 (fr) 1998-03-18 1999-02-17 Procede d'inertisation pour la prevention et l'extinction des incendies dans des locaux fermes

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EP (1) EP1062005B3 (fr)
AT (1) ATE248626T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU747436B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2301628C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ297177B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE19811851C2 (fr)
DK (1) DK1062005T4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2193902T7 (fr)
NO (1) NO329215B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL188349B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2212262C2 (fr)
UA (1) UA67746C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999047210A1 (fr)

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PL188349B1 (pl) 2005-01-31
DK1062005T4 (da) 2007-08-06
ES2193902T1 (es) 2003-11-16
AU747436B2 (en) 2002-05-16
ES2193902T3 (es) 2011-04-01
NO20000791L (no) 2000-02-17
CZ2000127A3 (cs) 2000-06-14
DK1062005T3 (da) 2004-01-05
CZ297177B6 (cs) 2006-09-13
WO1999047210A1 (fr) 1999-09-23
EP1062005B1 (fr) 2003-09-03
UA67746C2 (uk) 2004-07-15
DE59906865D1 (de) 2003-10-09
ES2193902T5 (es) 2012-02-28
DE19811851C2 (de) 2001-01-04
ATE248626T1 (de) 2003-09-15
EP1062005A1 (fr) 2000-12-27
PL338246A1 (en) 2000-10-09
EP1062005B3 (fr) 2013-07-24
AU2725899A (en) 1999-10-11
DE19811851A1 (de) 1999-09-23
NO20000791D0 (no) 2000-02-17
ES2193902T7 (es) 2013-12-23
CA2301628A1 (fr) 1999-09-23
CA2301628C (fr) 2006-08-15
NO329215B1 (no) 2010-09-13
RU2212262C2 (ru) 2003-09-20

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