EP1312392B1 - Procédé et dispositif d'extinction d'incendies dans un tunnel - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'extinction d'incendies dans un tunnel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1312392B1
EP1312392B1 EP02019381A EP02019381A EP1312392B1 EP 1312392 B1 EP1312392 B1 EP 1312392B1 EP 02019381 A EP02019381 A EP 02019381A EP 02019381 A EP02019381 A EP 02019381A EP 1312392 B1 EP1312392 B1 EP 1312392B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tunnel
inerting
fire
area
extinguishing gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02019381A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1312392A1 (fr
Inventor
Ernst Werner Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wagner Group GmbH
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Wagner Group GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1312392A1 publication Critical patent/EP1312392A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0257—Fire curtains, blankets, walls, fences

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for extinguishing fires in tunnels or tunnel-like structures, in which in this tunnel or tunnel-like structures in response to a first control signal by means of separations an inerting space is formed, which includes the affected by the fire section of the tunnel or tunnel-like structure, and in which, in a further method step, the oxygen content in this inertization space is reduced by an abrupt introduction of an extinguishing gas to an inert volume.
  • the invention further relates to a device for carrying out this method, with separations, by means of which the tunnel or the tunnel-like structure is subdivided into concentration areas, which form inerting, and at least one extinguishing gas reservoir outside the inerting, the fluidically via inlet openings with the Inertreteshunt connected is.
  • the DE 198 11 851 A discloses an inerting method for reducing the risk and extinguishing indoor fires and an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • the oxygen content in the target space is lowered to a specific basic inerting level, and that in the case of a fire the already lowered oxygen content is further lowered to a specific full inertization level.
  • the EP 1 103 286 A1 relates to a device for fire fighting in tunnels, the device comprising a gas pipe acting as a reservoir for an inert gas and associated with this and referred to as sector valves opening fittings for the release of the inert gas via nozzles in a tunnel sector.
  • tunnel-like structure which is mentioned as an addition to the tunnels, are in the present case essentially mine shafts, tunnels or similar semi-open spaces to be understood, which are also referred to in the following for the sake of simplicity with the term “tunnel”.
  • separation in this case means concentration barriers, by means of which the tunnel can be subdivided into one or more regions in which or in which the oxygen concentration (or the quenching gas concentration) differs from that required in other areas of the tunnel in a measure necessary for the extinguishing effect. Such ranges of low oxygen concentration or high extinguishing gas concentration are referred to herein as "concentration ranges”.
  • a method and a device of the type mentioned are, for example, from DE 199 34 118 C2 known.
  • the basis of that known method and the device as well as the present invention is the so-called "inert gas extinguishing technology", as the flooding of a fire-prone or in fire space by oxygen-displacing gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases and mixtures of these gases is called.
  • These "inert gases”, which are also referred to here as “extinguishing gases” are usually stored in special reservoirs compressed in adjoining rooms. If necessary, the extinguishing gas is then passed through a piping system and corresponding inlet openings in the relevant inerting space. It is known that the extinguishing effect of this inert gas technology is based on the principle of oxygen displacement.
  • This object is achieved by a method for extinguishing fires in tunnels or tunnel-like structures of the aforementioned Solved type in which a specifiable oxygen content in the inerting space is maintained by controlled further extinguishing gas supply in a third step.
  • a device for carrying out this method which contains an oxygen measuring device which emits measurement signals to a control unit which regulates the supply of quenching gas and optionally fresh air or oxygen in an inerting space.
  • the present invention thus provides a method and a corresponding device with which a fire, as it raged, for example, in the Mont-Blanc tunnel, in the Tauern tunnel and most recently in the Gotthard tunnel, can be extinguished with the known and very effective inert gas extinguishing technology, and at the same time the measures for the effective removal of the resulting smoke can be made.
  • the inertization space formed by the separations is a largely gas-tight space sealed off from the rest of the tunnel, and since the retention of the volatile oxygen concentration in the inertization space is very essential for the sustained extinguishment of the fire, this inertization space can not be subtracted without further smoke, since this would change the oxygen concentration or the extinguishing gas concentration in the inerting unintentionally.
  • the oxygen content in the inerting space is constantly measured and if necessary quenching gas is introduced into the inerting space.
  • quenching gas can be compensated by a flue by tracking quenching gas.
  • the device according to the invention provides an oxygen measuring device which emits measuring signals to a control unit which regulates the supply of extinguishing gas and optionally fresh air or oxygen into the inerting space.
  • a smoke extraction device is activated in the inertization space as a function of a second control signal.
  • the smoke evacuation device need not be present in the inerting space itself; Rather, it can also be provided centrally or for two inertization rooms at the same time and only be connected to the rooms themselves via suction lines. It is important only that the performance of the smoke extraction device is tuned to the volume of 1 or 2 Inertretes slaughter.
  • the second control signal in turn, as already described above for the first control signal can be triggered by emergency or by a central monitoring point, or automatically by a fire detection device, which will be discussed below. In any case, this second control signal, which reports a smoke, can also be used to stop the entry of other vehicles in the tunnel, in which, for example, a stop signal located at each tunnel entrance is activated.
  • the first and the second control signal from a fire detection device, by means of which an assignment of the source of fire takes place to a plurality of passable sections of the tunnel or tunnel-like structure.
  • a known per se fire detection device is provided, which is installed in the tunnel or tunnel-like structure such is that existing or incipient fires are nationwide detectable areas, and in the case of a detected fire or incipient fire by means of a detector, the first control signal for activating the separations and possibly the second control signal to activate the smoke evacuation device in the affected area.
  • the term "fire detection device” is preferably to be understood as an aspirative device in which a piping system with intake openings constantly sucked in representative portions of the tunnel air and fed to a detector for detecting a fire parameter.
  • the term "fire characteristic” physical quantities are to be understood, which are subject to measurable changes in the environment of an incipient fire or an already existing fire, such as the ambient temperature, the solid or liquid or gas content in the ambient air (formation of smoke particles or aerosols or Steam), or the ambient radiation.
  • the detector of such a fire detection device consists of a smoke sensor, which is then directed exclusively to the fire characteristic "smoke particles".
  • the fire occurs on the boundary between two concentration spaces, it is detected by two adjacent fire detection devices, whereupon according to another embodiment of the method according to the invention a double inertization space is formed, which then consists of two adjacent concentration ranges.
  • a double inertization space is formed, which then consists of two adjacent concentration ranges.
  • each inertisation chamber is assigned a smoke sensor which transmits the first and / or the second control signal to the sensor Output control unit.
  • the oxygen measuring device and / or the smoke sensor are part of the above-described aspirative fire detection device, resulting in a clear and compact fire alarm system.
  • each of the described control units is assigned to each inertization space.
  • each control unit has further inputs for receiving command signals, which are output from a central monitoring point.
  • command signal may be, for example, "N 2 , ie nitrogen full-flooding" to lower the oxygen content in the inerting further. This may be necessary when vehicle tires or fuel are burning.
  • the central monitoring station for example the tunnel guard or a fire brigade headquarters, will only give the command for N 2 -full-flooding if it is ensured that the affected inerting space has been evacuated.
  • a command signal could also be "air or O 2 -flutung".
  • Such a command can be useful if the fire has been safely extinguished and the oxygen concentration must be quickly raised again to a safe level for living beings.
  • an extinguishing gas reservoir is provided, it may well be advantageous, only a single central extinguishing gas reservoir to be kept, which is connected via a fluidic line network with each Inertmaschinesraum.
  • a central extinguishing gas reservoir can consist of an extinguishing gas cylinder battery, or else a side tube or another adjoining space of the tunnel forms the container for this extinguishing gas reservoir.
  • the extinguishing gas reservoir must be dimensioned for the simultaneous flooding of two adjacent inertization spaces, namely in the event that the fire occurs on the boundary between two concentration spaces, in which case the double inerting space already described above is formed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a tunnel 2, at the tunnel walls 18 in the interior of the tunnel by way of example an aspirative fire detection device with suction lines 1 and therein provided suction 3 is arranged.
  • These intake pipes 1 are arranged, for example, on both sides of a carriageway provided with the reference numeral 21 and indicated in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 2 and fluidly connected to an outside of the passable tunnel tube or in the walls 18 arranged detector 5.
  • the detector 5 is used in a known manner to monitor the sucked Air samples on fire characteristics and in turn is electrically connected to an evaluation unit 7.
  • the tunnel 2 is subdivided transversely to its longitudinal direction by a total of four partitions 4, 6, 8, 10 into three concentration regions 12, 14, 16. Of these separations, three, namely the partitions 4, 6 and 8, are completely lowered while the partition 10 is still in the semi-lowered state.
  • mechanical separations in the form of rolling doors are provided in this example, it goes without saying that air curtains belonging to the state of the art can also be used for such separations. In any case, the separations seal the concentration regions 12, 14, 16 largely gas-tight against each other and against the rest of the tunnel and thus act as concentration barriers.
  • extinguishing gas reservoirs 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, which contain an extinguishing gas supply in the form of nitrogen at high pressure and are fluidically connected to inlet openings 20 in or at the tunnel walls 18, are arranged in the exemplary embodiment illustrated here.
  • the inventive method and in the Fig. 1 and 2 exemplified device for carrying out the method the "inert gas extinguishing technology" advantage, so the flooding of a fire-prone or in fire room by an extinguishing gas, in the present case preferably nitrogen.
  • the fire detection device 1, 3, 5, 7 detected by the detector 5 a fire, here for example in the concentration range 14.
  • the separations 6, 8 are activated immediately, that is lowered, so that an inerting space is formed with the concentration area 14, which encloses the area of the tunnel affected by the fire.
  • an inerting device is activated with the first control signal, which rapidly and very suddenly initiates extinguishing gas into the concentration range 14 from the storage containers 13 and 15 via the inlet openings 20.
  • the oxygen content in the concentration range 14 is constantly measured and ensured by a control unit that a once reached extinguishable oxygen or extinguishing gas concentration is maintained in the controlled extinguishing gas continues to be introduced into the concentration range 14.
  • quenching gas for example nitrogen
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a concentration range 14, as he basically the concentration range 14 of Fig. 1 corresponds, but is equipped with different types of separations 6, 8 and with an expanded technical equipment.
  • the in Fig. 2 shown burning truck with respect to the height of the passable tunnel tube is not shown to scale. Usually, only about 1 to 1.2 meters remain between the upper edge of a truck and the tunnel ceiling.
  • concentration range 14, which in turn forms an inerting are shown as partitions 6, 8, for example, two double air curtains, which belong to the prior art and are suitable to foreclose the concentration range 14 of the adjacent tunnel sections largely gas-tight.
  • a fire detection device having an intake pipe 1 and intake ports 3 provided therein is installed. About this intake air samples are constantly sucked from the interior of the concentration range 14, which is indicated by the vertically upward arrows. These air samples are fed to a detection and measuring unit, which consists of an oxygen measuring device 22, a detector 5 for detecting a fire characteristic, further comprising an evaluation unit 7 and finally a fan 24 for sucking the air samples.
  • the oxygen concentration values measured by the oxygen measuring device 22 are delivered to a control unit 23, which compares the measured concentration value with a predetermined value and takes appropriate action. Also, the detector 5, when it has detected a fire parameter, via its evaluation unit 7, a first control signal to the control unit 23 from.
  • control unit 23 sends a signal to the extinguishing gas reservoir 31 and starts by inert gas from this extinguishing gas reservoir 31 in the concentration range 14, the inerting process.
  • the detector 5 and the fire characteristic "smoke" it outputs a second control signal to the control unit 23, whereupon this activates a smoke extraction device 25.
  • the oxygen measuring device 22 measures the oxygen content in the inerting chamber 14 and sends corresponding signals to the control unit 23, whereupon it continues to supply extinguishing gas from the reservoir 31 even after reaching the extinguishable oxygen concentration or extinguishing gas concentration by the predetermined low and extinguishable oxygen content in the inertization space 14, though the smoke extraction device 25 affects the composition of the gases within the room.
  • command signals 27, 28 either a Vollinertmaschine or a supply of air or oxygen from additional storage containers 29, 30 causes.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé d'extinction d'incendies dans des tunnels ou dans des ouvrages en forme de tunnels, dans lequel un espace d'inertisation est formé dans ce tunnel ou dans cet ouvrage en forme de tunnel en fonction d'un premier signal de commande et au moyen de séparateurs, espace d'inertisation qui inclut le tronçon du tunnel ou de l'ouvrage en forme de tunnel qui est concerné par l'incendie, et dans lequel, dans une autre étape de procédé, la teneur en oxygène dans cet espace d'inertisation est réduite à un volume inerte par introduction subite d'un gaz d'extinction,
    caractérisé en ce que
    dans une troisième étape de procédé, une teneur en oxygène prédéterminable dans l'espace d'inertisation est maintenue par une autre amenée réglée de gaz d'extinction, et en ce que dans une autre étape de procédé, un dispositif d'évacuation des fumées (25) est activé dans l'espace d'inertisation en fonction d'un deuxième signal de commande.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier et le deuxième signal de commande proviennent d'un dispositif de détection d'incendie au moyen duquel le foyer d'incendie est attribué à un ou plusieurs tronçons susceptibles d'être inertisés, du tunnel ou de l'ouvrage en forme de tunnel.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le séparateur médian entre deux tronçons susceptibles d'être inertisés, du tunnel ou de l'ouvrage en forme de tunnel, n'est pas activé lorsque le dispositif de détection d'incendie réagit dans les deux tronçons.
  4. Dispositif pour exécuter le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, comportant des séparateurs (4, 6, 8, 10) au moyen desquels le tunnel ou l'ouvrage en forme de tunnel peut être subdivisé en zones de concentration (12, 14, 16) qui forment des espaces d'inertisation et comportant au moins un réservoir de gaz d'extinction (9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 ; 31) en dehors des espaces d'inertisation, qui est relié du point de vue technique d'écoulement via des ouvertures d'amission (20) avec les espaces d'inertisation,
    caractérisé par
    un dispositif de mesure d'oxygène (22) qui fournit des signaux de mesure à au moins une unité de commande (23) qui règle l'amenée de gaz d'extinction et, le cas échéant, d'air frais ou d'oxygène dans un espace d'inertisation, et par un dispositif d'évacuation de fumées (25) qui est activé dans l'espace d'inertisation en fonction d'un signal de commande.
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, dans lequel
    à chaque espace d'inertisation est associé un capteur de fumées (5) qui fournit à l'unité de commande (23) un signal de commande pour réaliser un espace d'inertisation au moyen de séparateurs et/ou pour activer le dispositif d'évacuation de fumées (25).
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, dans lequel
    le dispositif de mesure d'oxygène (22) et/ou le capteur de fumées (5) fait partie d'un dispositif de détection d'incendie à aspiration (1, 3, 5, 7, 24).
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, dans lequel
    à chaque espace d'inertisation est associée une unité de commande (23).
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, dans lequel
    chaque unité de commande (23) présente des entrées pour recevoir des signaux d'instructions (27, 28) qui sont fournis par un poste de surveillance central.
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, qui présente en outre un réseau de conduits au moyen duquel un réservoir de gaz d'extinction (31) central est relié avec chaque espace d'inertisation par des moyens techniques visant à l'écoulement.
  10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 9, dans lequel
    le réservoir de gaz d'extinction (31) central et/ou aussi chaque autre réservoir de gaz d'extinction (9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19) est logé dans un ou plusieurs locaux attenants respectifs ou un tel local attenant forme lui-même le conteneur pour le réservoir de gaz d'extinction.
EP02019381A 2001-11-15 2002-08-29 Procédé et dispositif d'extinction d'incendies dans un tunnel Expired - Lifetime EP1312392B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10156042 2001-11-15
DE10156042A DE10156042A1 (de) 2001-11-15 2001-11-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Bränden in Tunneln

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1312392A1 EP1312392A1 (fr) 2003-05-21
EP1312392B1 true EP1312392B1 (fr) 2008-07-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02019381A Expired - Lifetime EP1312392B1 (fr) 2001-11-15 2002-08-29 Procédé et dispositif d'extinction d'incendies dans un tunnel

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP1312392B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE402742T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10156042A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1312392T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2309124T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITMI20030925A1 (it) 2003-05-08 2004-11-09 Vesta Srl Ora Gastec Vesta Srl Impianto antincendio a gas inerte e relativo metodo per lo spegnimento di incendi
GB2406052A (en) * 2003-09-22 2005-03-23 Richard Gerard Beckett Tunnel safety device
DE10352437A1 (de) * 2003-11-10 2005-06-16 Wagner Alarm- Und Sicherungssysteme Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Verhindern und Löschen von Bränden
AT502305A1 (de) * 2004-12-20 2007-02-15 Seitlinger Guenter Tunnel
EP1683548B1 (fr) * 2005-01-21 2012-12-12 Amrona AG Procédé d'inertisation pour éviter des incendies
US20070039744A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2007-02-22 Fireaway Llc Tunnel fire protection system
SI1930048T1 (sl) * 2006-12-08 2012-04-30 Amrona Ag Postopek in naprava za regulirano dovajanje dovodnega zraka
ITAN20090069A1 (it) * 2009-09-29 2011-03-29 Elena Bricca Impianto per la messa in sicurezza delle gallerie stradali in caso di incendio.
GB2480862B (en) * 2010-06-03 2013-02-13 Kidde Tech Inc Smoke detection system
CZ20122A3 (cs) * 2011-12-05 2013-07-10 Kpm Consult, A.S. Stabilní hasicí soustava, zejména pro tunely a uzavrené prostory
CN104122236A (zh) * 2014-07-28 2014-10-29 张蕾 隧道交通环境危害变量自动提示报警方法及系统
ES2840775T3 (es) * 2016-11-25 2021-07-07 Wagner Group Gmbh Dispositivo de filtrado
WO2018100181A1 (fr) * 2016-12-01 2018-06-07 Fire Eater A/S Système de gaz d'inertage d'incendie à plusieurs phases
WO2018130644A1 (fr) * 2017-01-12 2018-07-19 Fire Eater A/S Systèmes de gaz d'inertage d'incendie interconnectés
CN107961469A (zh) * 2017-11-02 2018-04-27 郭俭 一种智能消防救护车载系统
DE102020107319A1 (de) * 2020-03-17 2021-09-23 BSS Sonderlöschanlagen GmbH Brandschutzsteuerungsvorrichtung, brandschutzvorrichtung, brandschutzsteuerungsverfahren

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19811851C2 (de) * 1998-03-18 2001-01-04 Wagner Alarm Sicherung Inertisierungsverfahren zur Brandverhütung und -löschung in geschlossenen Räumen
DE19934118C2 (de) * 1999-07-21 2001-08-09 Wagner Alarm Sicherung Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Bränden in Tunneln
EP1103286A1 (fr) * 1999-11-24 2001-05-30 Siemens Building Technologies AG Dispositif de lutte contre l'incendie dans des tunnels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2309124T3 (es) 2008-12-16
EP1312392A1 (fr) 2003-05-21
ATE402742T1 (de) 2008-08-15
DK1312392T3 (da) 2008-12-01
DE50212564D1 (de) 2008-09-11
DE10156042A1 (de) 2003-05-28

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