EP1062005B2 - Inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces - Google Patents

Inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces Download PDF

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EP1062005B2
EP1062005B2 EP99907555A EP99907555A EP1062005B2 EP 1062005 B2 EP1062005 B2 EP 1062005B2 EP 99907555 A EP99907555 A EP 99907555A EP 99907555 A EP99907555 A EP 99907555A EP 1062005 B2 EP1062005 B2 EP 1062005B2
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oxygen
space
fire
monitored
inerting
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French (fr)
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EP1062005B3 (en
EP1062005A1 (en
EP1062005B1 (en
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Ernst Werner Wagner
Volker Dr. Schütte
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Wagner Group GmbH
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Wagner Alarm- und Sicherungssysteme GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inerting method for reducing the risk and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • inert gas extinguishing technology as the flooding of a fire-prone or in fire space by oxygen-displacing gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases and mixtures thereof is called, the oxygen-displacing gases are usually stored in special ancillary rooms in steel cylinders compressed. If necessary, then the gas is passed through piping systems and corresponding outlet nozzles in the space in question.
  • inert gas technology entails certain problems and has clear boundaries in terms of room size. In the case of large rooms, for example with a floor area of 20 "50 m and a height of 6.5 m, this results in a volume of 6500 m 3.
  • Standard steel cylinders are those with a capacity of 80 l 200 bar, which is currently the upper standard size because of the limit load capacity of the available valves.For example, at 200 bar cylinder pressure, 80 liters contain 18.3 kg of nitrogen, which then yields 16 m 3 of nitrogen in a relaxed state at 1 bar ambient pressure. In order to flood the aforementioned room with 6500 m 3 volume with inert gas, the content of 300 steel bottles would then be required.This bottle weighs about 100 kg, which would make a weight of 30 t for 300 bottles Weight of the pipes and fittings, so that very high demands on the carrying capacity of the storage rooms would have to be made ne large footprint needed for such a number of bottles.
  • US-A-3 830 307 discloses an apparatus for extinguishing fires in confined spaces, comprising a fire detection device for detecting a fire characteristic in the room air, and a container of liquid or gaseous nitrogen as an inert gas. This is passed via a pipeline into the space to be monitored, wherein the nitrogen in the form of finely divided drops passes through a nozzle into the room and the oxygen content is lowered rapidly to a certain Vollinertmaschineslust. It is also proposed to reduce the oxygen content to 11 vol .-% for prevention.
  • the oxygen content in the enclosed space is lowered to a certain basic inerting level, for example 16%, and in the case of a fire, the oxygen content is increased to a certain Vollinertmaschinesplace further, for example, 12 vol Lowered% or below.
  • a basic inerting level of 16% by volume oxygen concentration does not pose any danger to persons or animals, so that they can still easily enter the room.
  • the full alarm level can be set either at night when no persons or animals enter the room concerned, or directly in response to a reported fire.
  • 12 vol .-% oxygen concentration the flammability of most materials is already reduced so far that they can not ignite.
  • the advantages of the method according to the invention are, in particular, that the number of containers required for the oxygen displacing inert gases in case of fire is significantly reduced. This reduces the total cost of fire prevention and Fire extinguishing system considerably. In addition, structurally a smaller pressure relief device is required, since in case of fire only a smaller volume of gas must flow within the short time available for the structural relief must be provided.
  • a device for carrying out this method which initially comprises the following components: An oxygen measuring device in the space to be monitored; a first plant for the production of the oxygen-displacing gas or for the removal of oxygen from the space to be monitored; a second system for the sudden introduction of an oxygen-displacing gas in the space to be monitored; and a fire detection device for detecting a fire characteristic in the room air.
  • a controller is provided which emits a Grundinertretessignal depending on the oxygen content of the room air of the space to be monitored to the first system for the production of oxygen-displacing gas or to remove the oxygen, and in response to a detection signal from the fire detection device Vollinertretessignal outputs to the second system.
  • This device realizes in an ideal way the connection of the method according to the invention with a fire detection device.
  • the control according to the invention for outputting the basic inerting signal and the full inertization signal takes into account the particular conditions of the room to be monitored, the Grundinertretespar was previously calculated according to the size and type of space.
  • the inertization process contains the following further 2 process steps, which are carried out prior to the first process step, the lowering of the oxygen content to a specific basic inerting level:
  • the inertization process adapts to certain leaks in the room, by a classical control of the oxygen content in the space to be monitored.
  • a detector for fire characteristics is integrated into the process, which emits a signal for Vollinertmaschine in case of fire.
  • an aspirative fire detection device is understood to mean a fire detection device which actively aspirates a representative subset of the room air via a pipeline or duct system at a multiplicity of locations and then feeds this subset to a measuring chamber with a detector for detecting a fire characteristic.
  • fire characteristic is understood to mean physical quantities which undergo measurable changes in the environment of a fire of origin, for example the ambient temperature, the proportion of solid or liquid or gas in the ambient air (formation of smoke in the form of particles or aerosols or vapor) or the ambient radiation.
  • the method can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner, if the Grundinertleitersforementioned done by machine production and subsequent introduction of oxygen-displacing gases or by a mechanical oxygen extraction. This is feasible in that more time is available to sink to the bottom inertization level, so that a gradual reduction of the oxygen content in the corresponding room by one machine is sufficient.
  • a introduction of oxygen displacing gases in the enclosed space provided in which case all inert gases can be used in principle.
  • These can be provided in an advantageous manner in gas containers, since even with larger spaces, the volume to be filled between the Grundinertmaschinesclude and the Vollinertmaschineshou no longer causes problems.
  • a machine production of oxygen-displacing gases for example by a nitrogen machine, of great advantage, since it also the gas containers, which are responsible for Vollinertmaschine can be refilled after use.
  • the introduction of the oxygen-displacing gases takes place as a function of the oxygen content measured in the closed space. This ensures that only the amount of gas required for Vollinertmaschine is always supplied.
  • the production of the oxygen-displacing gases to achieve the basic inertization level is performed by a nitrogen machine or the like. It has already been mentioned that in this way also the gas tanks responsible for the full inertization can be refilled in an advantageous manner, should they have been emptied once.
  • To monitor is a closed room with normal room air with the usual oxygen content of 21 vol .-%.
  • the oxygen content in the enclosed space is lowered by introducing nitrogen from a nitrogen machine to a certain basic inerting level.
  • the oxygen content in the room to be monitored is constantly measured.
  • the target specification was previously calculated on the basis of the properties of the room and its population with computer equipment and the like.
  • An aspirative fire detection device equipped with a fire characteristic detector, continuously aspirates representative subsets of room air via a piping or ducting system and feeds these subsets to the fire characteristics detector. If a fire parameter is detected and detected with the usual safety loops for a fire, the room is quickly flooded with nitrogen from steel cylinders until a desired oxygen concentration is reached. This was previously determined by the flammable materials in the room.
  • the oxygen measuring device constantly checks whether a lower threshold value of a health-endangering oxygen concentration has been reached. If this is not yet the case, the nitrogen machine continues to receive the base inerting signal and continues to flood the room with nitrogen. Once the health-threatening threshold has been reached, a query is made as to whether the conditions for a night operation or the conditions for a daytime operation should be established. If the room is no longer entered by persons or animals, the Vollinertretessignal is discharged to the nitrogen machine, whereupon, depending on the measured oxygen content, a further oxygen displacement takes place until the specified for the space and the materials contained extinguishable concentration is reached. However, if the room is still to be entered, the oxygen concentration is maintained at a non-hazardous level of about 16% by means of the oxygen measuring device.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to an inerting method for reducing the risk of and for extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces, and to a device for carrying out this method. The aim of the invention is ensure that a fire can be extinguished effectively whilst keeping the storage requirements for the inert gas cylinders to a minimum. To this end, the oxygen content of the enclosed space is reduced to a set base inerting level and in the event of a fire, is quickly reduced further to a set complete inerting level. The device for carrying out this method is equipped with an oxygen-measuring device in the space being monitored, with a first system for producing the oxygen-expulsion gas or for extracting the oxygen from the space being monitored, a second system for rapidly feeding an oxygen-expulsion gas into the space being monitored and a fire detection device for detecting a fire characteristic in the air in the enclosed space. A control unit is also provided. This control unit sends a base inerting signal to the first system in accordance with the oxygen content of the air in the enclosed space being monitored and a complete inerting signal to the second system in accordance with a detection signal from the fire detection device.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Inertisierungsverfahren zur Minderung des Risikos und zum Löschen von Bränden in geschlossenen Räumen sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The present invention relates to an inerting method for reducing the risk and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces and to an apparatus for carrying out the method.

Es ist bekannt, in geschlossenen Räumen, die nur gelegentlich von Mensch oder Tier betreten werden und deren Einrichtungen sensibel auf Wassereinwirkung reagieren, der Brandgefahr dadurch zu begegnen, daß die Sauerstoffkonzentration in dem betroffenen Bereich auf einen Wert von im Mittel etwa 12 % abgesenkt wird. Bei dieser Sauerstoffkonzentration können die meisten brennbaren Materialien nicht mehr brennen. Haupteinsatzgebiete sind EDV-Bereiche, elektrische Schalt- und Verteilerräume, umschlossene Einrichtungen sowie Lagerbereiche mit hochwertigen Wirtschaftsgütern. Die bei diesem Verfahren resultierende Löschwirkung beruht auf dem Prinzip der Sauerstoff-Verdrängung. Die normale Umgebungsluft besteht bekanntlich zu 21 % aus Sauerstoff, zu 78 % aus Stickstoff und 1 % aus sonstigen Gasen. Zum Löschen wird durch Einleiten von reinem Stickstoff die Stickstoffkonzentration in dem betreffenden Raum weiter erhöht und damit der Sauerstoffanteil verringert. Es ist bekannt, daß eine Löschwirkung einsetzt, wenn der Sauerstoffanteil unter 15 Vol.-% absinkt. Abhängig von den in dem betreffenden Raum vorhandenen brennbaren Materialien kann ein weiteres Absenken des Sauerstoffanteils auf die genannten 12 Vol.-% erforderlich sein.It is known that in enclosed spaces, which are only occasionally entered by humans or animals and whose facilities react sensitively to water, the risk of fire by lowering the oxygen concentration in the affected area to a value of about 12% on average. At this oxygen concentration, most flammable materials can no longer burn. The main areas of application are IT areas, electrical switch and distribution rooms, enclosed facilities as well as storage areas with high-quality assets. The extinguishing effect resulting from this process is based on the principle of oxygen displacement. Normal ambient air is known to consist of 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen and 1% other gases. To extinguish, by introducing pure nitrogen, the nitrogen concentration in the room in question is further increased, thereby reducing the oxygen content. It is known that a extinguishing effect begins when the oxygen content drops below 15% by volume. Depending on the flammable materials present in the room in question, a further lowering of the oxygen content to the mentioned 12 vol.% May be necessary.

Bei dieser "Inertgaslöschtechnik", wie das Fluten eines brandgefährdeten oder in Brand befindlichen Raumes durch Sauerstoff verdrängende Gase wie Kohlendioxyd, Stickstoff, Edelgase und Gemische daraus genannt wird, werden die Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gase in der Regel in speziellen Nebenräumen in Stahlflaschen komprimiert gelagert. Im Bedarfsfall wird dann das Gas über Rohrleitungssysteme und entsprechende Austrittsdüsen in den betreffenden Raum geleitet. Das Löschen mittels Inertgastechnik bringt jedoch gewisse Probleme mit sich und weist in Bezug auf die Raumgröße klare Grenzen auf. Bei großen Räumen, beispielsweise mit einer Grundfläche von 20 " 50 m und 6,5 m Höhe ergibt sich ein Rauminhalt von 6500 m3. Als Stahlflaschen kommen standardmäßig solche mit einem Fassungsvermögen von 80 1 zur Anwendung. Bei Inertgaslöschanlagen werden diese mit einem Druck von 200 bar gefüllt, was wegen der Grenzbelastbarkeit der zur Verfügung stehenden Armaturen die derzeit obere gängige Größe ist. Bei 200 bar Flaschendruck fassen 80 1 zum Beispiel 18,3 kg Stickstoff, was dann 16 m3 Stickstoff im entspannten Zustand bei 1 bar Umgebungsdruck ergibt. Um den vorgenannten Raum mit 6500 m3 Rauminhalt mit Inertgas zu fluten, wäre dann etwa der Inhalt von 300 Stahlflaschen erforderlich. Eine solche Flasche wiegt gefüllt ca. 100 kg, was bei 300 Flaschen ein Gewicht von 30 t ausmachen würde. Hinzu käme noch das Gewicht der Rohre und der Armaturen, so daß sehr hohe Anforderungen an die Traglastfähigkeit der Lagerräume gestellt werden müßten. Darüber hinaus würde eine große Stellfläche für eine solche Anzahl von Flaschen benötigt. Somit ist deutlich, daß die Inertgaslöschtechnik bei größeren Räumen auf Probleme der Lagerfähigkeit und der Tragfähigkeit der Lagerräume stößt. Die Flaschen in einem Kellerraum zu lagern, ist auch keine zufriedenstellende Lösung, wenngleich dort die Tragfähigkeit keine Rolle spielt. Aus dem Keller heraus müßten lange Rohrleitungen in die oberen Etagen verlegt werden, was einen zusätzlichen und nachträglich häufig gar nicht zu bewältigenden Bauaufwand bedeuten würde und darüber hinaus die Einströmzeit des Inertgases unangemessen verlängert.In this "inert gas extinguishing technology", as the flooding of a fire-prone or in fire space by oxygen-displacing gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, noble gases and mixtures thereof is called, the oxygen-displacing gases are usually stored in special ancillary rooms in steel cylinders compressed. If necessary, then the gas is passed through piping systems and corresponding outlet nozzles in the space in question. The deletion by means of inert gas technology, however, entails certain problems and has clear boundaries in terms of room size. In the case of large rooms, for example with a floor area of 20 "50 m and a height of 6.5 m, this results in a volume of 6500 m 3. Standard steel cylinders are those with a capacity of 80 l 200 bar, which is currently the upper standard size because of the limit load capacity of the available valves.For example, at 200 bar cylinder pressure, 80 liters contain 18.3 kg of nitrogen, which then yields 16 m 3 of nitrogen in a relaxed state at 1 bar ambient pressure. In order to flood the aforementioned room with 6500 m 3 volume with inert gas, the content of 300 steel bottles would then be required.This bottle weighs about 100 kg, which would make a weight of 30 t for 300 bottles Weight of the pipes and fittings, so that very high demands on the carrying capacity of the storage rooms would have to be made ne large footprint needed for such a number of bottles. Thus, it is clear that the inert gas extinguishing technology encounters problems of shelf life and bearing capacity of larger rooms in larger spaces. Storing the bottles in a basement is also not a satisfactory solution, although the load-bearing capacity does not matter. From the basement long pipes would have to be moved to the upper floors, which would mean an additional and subsequently often not to be handled construction costs and beyond the inflow time of the inert gas extended inappropriately.

Die US-A-3 830 307 offenbart eine Vorrichtung zum Löschen von Bränden in geschlossenen Räumlichkeiten, mit einer Branderkennungsvorrichtung zum Detektieren einer Brandkenngröße in der Raumluft, und mit einem Behälter mit flüssigem oder gasförmigen Stickstoff als Inertgas. Dieses wird über eine Rohrleitung in den zu überwachenden Raum geleitet, wobei der Stickstoff in der Form von feinverteilten Tropfen durch eine Düse in den Raum gelangt und der Sauerstoffgehalt rasch auf ein bestimmtes Vollinertisierungsniveau abgesenkt wird. Dabei wird auch vorgeschlagen, zur Prävention den Sauerstoffgehalt auf 11 Vol.-% zu reduzieren.US-A-3 830 307 discloses an apparatus for extinguishing fires in confined spaces, comprising a fire detection device for detecting a fire characteristic in the room air, and a container of liquid or gaseous nitrogen as an inert gas. This is passed via a pipeline into the space to be monitored, wherein the nitrogen in the form of finely divided drops passes through a nozzle into the room and the oxygen content is lowered rapidly to a certain Vollinertisierungsniveau. It is also proposed to reduce the oxygen content to 11 vol .-% for prevention.

Als Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wurde es angesehen, ein Inertisierungsverfahren zur Minderung des Risikos von Bränden und zum Löschen von Bränden in geschlossenen Räumen anzugeben, welches ein effektives Löschen eines Brandes bei möglichst geringer Lagerkapazität für die Inertgasflaschen ermöglicht.It was considered an object of the present invention to provide an inerting method for reducing the risk of fires and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces, which enables effective extinguishment of a fire with the least possible storage capacity for the inert gas cylinders.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Intertisierungsverfahren der eingangs genannten Art mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten gelöst: Zunächst wird der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem umschlossenen Raum auf ein bestimmtes Grundinertisierungsniveau von beispielsweise 16 % abgesenkt, und im Fall eines Brandes wird der Sauerstoffgehalt auf ein bestimmtes Vollinertisierungsniveau weiter auf beispielsweise 12 Vol.-% oder darunter abgesenkt. Ein Grundinertisierungsniveau von 16 Vol.-% Sauerstoffkonzentration bedeutet keinerlei Gefährdung von Personen oder Tieren, so daß diese den Raum immer noch problemlos betreten können. Das Vollinertiserungsniveau kann entweder nachts eingestellt werden, wenn keine Personen oder Tiere den betreffenden Raum betreten, oder aber direkt als Reaktion auf einen gemeldeten Brand. Bei 12 Vol.-% Sauerstoffkonzentration ist die Entflammbarkeit der meisten Materialien bereits soweit herabgesetzt, daß sich diese nicht mehr entzünden können.This object is achieved by an intertization method of the type mentioned above with the following method steps: First, the oxygen content in the enclosed space is lowered to a certain basic inerting level, for example 16%, and in the case of a fire, the oxygen content is increased to a certain Vollinertisierungsniveau further, for example, 12 vol Lowered% or below. A basic inerting level of 16% by volume oxygen concentration does not pose any danger to persons or animals, so that they can still easily enter the room. The full alarm level can be set either at night when no persons or animals enter the room concerned, or directly in response to a reported fire. At 12 vol .-% oxygen concentration, the flammability of most materials is already reduced so far that they can not ignite.

Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegen insbesondere darin, daß die Anzahl der im Brandfall benötigten Behälter für die Sauerstoff verdrängenden Inertgase deutlich reduziert wird. Dadurch verringern sich die Gesamtkosten der Brandverhütungs- und Brandlöschanlage erheblich. Darüber hinaus ist baulich eine kleinere Druckentlastungsvorrichtung erforderlich, da im Brandfall nur ein geringeres Gasvolumen innerhalb der kurzen zur Verfügung stehenden Zeit einströmen muß, für das baulich eine Entlastung vorgesehen werden muß.The advantages of the method according to the invention are, in particular, that the number of containers required for the oxygen displacing inert gases in case of fire is significantly reduced. This reduces the total cost of fire prevention and Fire extinguishing system considerably. In addition, structurally a smaller pressure relief device is required, since in case of fire only a smaller volume of gas must flow within the short time available for the structural relief must be provided.

Die vorstehend genannte Aufgabe wird ferner durch eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens gelöst, die zunächst folgende Bauteile aufweist: Eine Sauerstoffmeßvorrichtung in dem zu überwachenden Raum; eine erste Anlage zur Produktion des Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases oder zur Entnahme von Sauerstoff aus dem zu überwachenden Raum; eine zweite Anlage zum plötzlichen Einleiten eines Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases in den zu überwachenden Raum; und eine Branderkennungsvorrichtung zum Detektieren einer Brandkenngröße in der Raumluft. Zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe ist eine Steuerung vorgesehen, die in Abhängigkeit des Sauerstoffgehalts der Raumluft des zu überwachenden Raumes ein Grundinertisierungssignal an die erste Anlage zur Produktion des Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gases oder zur Entnahme des Sauerstoffs abgibt, und die in Abhängigkeit eines Detektionssignals von der Branderkennungsvorrichtung ein Vollinertisierungssignal an die zweite Anlage abgibt.The above object is further achieved by a device for carrying out this method, which initially comprises the following components: An oxygen measuring device in the space to be monitored; a first plant for the production of the oxygen-displacing gas or for the removal of oxygen from the space to be monitored; a second system for the sudden introduction of an oxygen-displacing gas in the space to be monitored; and a fire detection device for detecting a fire characteristic in the room air. To achieve the object, a controller is provided which emits a Grundinertisierungssignal depending on the oxygen content of the room air of the space to be monitored to the first system for the production of oxygen-displacing gas or to remove the oxygen, and in response to a detection signal from the fire detection device Vollinertisierungssignal outputs to the second system.

Diese erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung verwirklicht in idealer Weise die Verbindung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit einer Branderkennungsvorrichtung. Die erfindungsgemäße Steuerung zur Abgabe des Grundinertisierungssignals und des Vollinertisierungssignals berücksichtigt dabei die besonderen Gegebenheiten des zu überwachenden Raumes, dessen Grundinertisierungsniveau nach Größe und Art des Raumes vorher berechnet wurde.This device according to the invention realizes in an ideal way the connection of the method according to the invention with a fire detection device. The control according to the invention for outputting the basic inerting signal and the full inertization signal takes into account the particular conditions of the room to be monitored, the Grundinertisierungsniveau was previously calculated according to the size and type of space.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 - 9 angegeben, und zur Vorrichtung in den Ansprüchen 10 - 13.Advantageous developments of the method are given in the dependent claims 2-9, and the device in the claims 10-13.

Vorzugsweise enthält das Inertisierungsverfahren die folgenden weiteren 2 Verfahrensschritte, welche vor dem 1. Verfahrensschritt, der Absenkung des Sauerstoffgehalts auf ein bestimmtes Grundinertisierungsniveau, durchgeführt werden: Nach dieser Weiterbildung wird zunächst der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem zu überwachenden Raum gemessen und danach erfolgt in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt die Absenkung auf das Grundinertisierungsniveau in Abhängigkeit des Sauerstoff-Meßwertes. Somit paßt sich das Inertisierungsverfahren an gewisse Leckagen des Raumes an, indem eine klassische Regelung des Sauerstoffgehalts in dem zu überwachenden Raum erfolgt.Preferably, the inertization process contains the following further 2 process steps, which are carried out prior to the first process step, the lowering of the oxygen content to a specific basic inerting level: According to this development, first the oxygen content in the room to be monitored is measured and then in a second process step Lowering to the basic inerting level as a function of the oxygen measured value. Thus, the inertization process adapts to certain leaks in the room, by a classical control of the oxygen content in the space to be monitored.

Vorzugsweise wird ein Detektor für Brandkenngrößen in das Verfahren integriert, der im Brandfall ein Signal für die Vollinertisierung abgibt.Preferably, a detector for fire characteristics is integrated into the process, which emits a signal for Vollinertisierung in case of fire.

Beispielsweise werden der Raumluft in dem zu überwachenden Raum vor der Absenkung auf ein bestimmtes Vollinertisierungsniveau ständig repräsentative Luftproben entnommen, die einem Detektor für Brandkenngrößen zugeführt werden, der im Brandfall ein Signal für die Vollinertisierung abgibt. Diese Weiterbildung ist die verfahrenstechnische Umsetzung der Verbindung einer bekannten aspirativen Branderkennungsvorrichtung mit der Inertgaslöschtechnik. Hierbei wird unter einer aspirativen Branderkennungsvorrichtung eine Branderkennungsvorrichtung verstanden, die über ein Rohrleitungs- oder Kanalsystem an einer Vielzahl von Stellen eine repräsentative Teilmenge der Raumluft aktiv ansaugt und diese Teilmenge dann einer Meßkammer mit einem Detektor zum Erfassen einer Brandkenngröße zuleitet.For example, the room air in the space to be monitored before lowering to a certain Vollinertisierungsniveau constantly representative air samples are taken, which are supplied to a detector for fire characteristics, which emits a signal for Vollinertisierung in case of fire. This development is the procedural implementation of the connection of a known aspirative fire detection device with the inert gas extinguishing technology. Here, an aspirative fire detection device is understood to mean a fire detection device which actively aspirates a representative subset of the room air via a pipeline or duct system at a multiplicity of locations and then feeds this subset to a measuring chamber with a detector for detecting a fire characteristic.

Unter dem Begriff "Brandkenngröße" werden physikalische Größen verstanden, die in der Umgebung eines Entstehungsbrandes meßbaren Veränderungen unterliegen, zum Beispiel die Umgebungstemperatur, der Feststoff- oder Flüssigkeits- oder Gasanteil in der Umgebungsluft (Bildung von Rauch in Form von Partikeln oder Aerosolen oder Dampf) oder die Umgebungsstrahlung.The term "fire characteristic" is understood to mean physical quantities which undergo measurable changes in the environment of a fire of origin, for example the ambient temperature, the proportion of solid or liquid or gas in the ambient air (formation of smoke in the form of particles or aerosols or vapor) or the ambient radiation.

Das Verfahren läßt sich in besonders vorteilhafter Weise durchführen, wenn das Grundinertisierungsniveau durch maschinelle Produktion und nachfolgende Einleitung von Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gasen oder aber durch eine maschinelle Sauerstoffentnahme erfolgt. Das ist insofern machbar, als zur Absenkung auf das Grundinertisierungsniveau mehr Zeit zur Verfügung steht, so daß eine allmähliche Reduzierung des Sauerstoffgehalts in dem entsprechenden Raum durch eine Maschine ausreicht. Demgegenüber ist für das rasche Erreichen des Vollinertisierungsniveaus vorzugsweise ein Einleiten von Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gasen in den umschlossenen Raum vorgesehen, wobei hier grundsätzlich alle Inertgase verwendet werden können. Diese können in vorteilhafter Weise in Gasbehältern bereitgestellt werden, da selbst bei größeren Räumen das zu füllende Volumen zwischen dem Grundinertisierungsniveau und dem Vollinertisierungsniveau keine Probleme mehr bereitet. Darüber hinaus ist eine maschinelle Produktion von Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gasen, beispielsweise durch eine Stickstoffmaschine, von großem Vorteil, da damit auch die Gasbehälter, die für die Vollinertisierung zuständig sind, nach Benutzung wieder aufgefüllt werden können.The method can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner, if the Grundinertisierungsniveau done by machine production and subsequent introduction of oxygen-displacing gases or by a mechanical oxygen extraction. This is feasible in that more time is available to sink to the bottom inertization level, so that a gradual reduction of the oxygen content in the corresponding room by one machine is sufficient. In contrast, for the rapid achievement of Vollinertisierungsniveaus preferably a introduction of oxygen displacing gases in the enclosed space provided, in which case all inert gases can be used in principle. These can be provided in an advantageous manner in gas containers, since even with larger spaces, the volume to be filled between the Grundinertisierungsniveau and the Vollinertisierungsniveau no longer causes problems. In addition, a machine production of oxygen-displacing gases, for example by a nitrogen machine, of great advantage, since it also the gas containers, which are responsible for Vollinertisierung can be refilled after use.

Schließlich ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, daß das Einleiten der Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gase in Abhängigkeit des in dem geschlossenen Raum gemessenen Sauerstoffgehalts erfolgt. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß immer nur die für die Vollinertisierung erforderliche Gasmenge zugeführt wird.Finally, it is preferably provided that the introduction of the oxygen-displacing gases takes place as a function of the oxygen content measured in the closed space. This ensures that only the amount of gas required for Vollinertisierung is always supplied.

Es wurde bereits erwähnt, daß einer der Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens darin zu sehen ist, daß es sich mit den bekannten Branderkennungsvorrichtungen kombinieren läßt. Bei sogenannten aspirativen Branderkennungsvorrichtungen ist eine ständige Kontrolle der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der angesaugten repräsentativen Luftteilmengen erforderlich. Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist vorgesehen, daß die Sauerstoffmeßvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens in dem Detektorgehäuse der Branderkennungsvorrichtung integriert ist, wo auch die Luftstromüberwachungsvorrichtung angeordnet ist.It has already been mentioned that one of the advantages of the method according to the invention is that it can be combined with the known fire detection devices. In so-called aspirative fire detection devices a constant control of the flow rate of the sucked representative air fractions is required. According to a development of the invention Device is provided that the Sauerstoffmeßvorrichtung is integrated for performing the method in the detector housing of the fire detection device, where the air flow monitoring device is arranged.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Produktion der Sauerstoff verdrängenden Gase zum Erreichen des Grundinertisierungsniveaus maschinell durch eine Stickstoffmaschine oder dergleichen. Es wurde bereits erwähnt, daß damit in vorteilhafter Weise auch die für die Vollinertisierung zuständigen Gasbehälter wieder befüllt werden können, sollten sie einmal entleert worden sein.Preferably, the production of the oxygen-displacing gases to achieve the basic inertization level is performed by a nitrogen machine or the like. It has already been mentioned that in this way also the gas tanks responsible for the full inertization can be refilled in an advantageous manner, should they have been emptied once.

Im folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren anhand eines Flußdiagramms näher erläutert.The method according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a flow chart.

Zu Überwachen ist ein geschlossener Raum mit normaler Raumluft mit dem üblichen Sauerstoffanteil von 21 Vol.-%. Um das Risiko eines Brandes zu mindern, wird der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem umschlossenen Raum durch Einleiten von Stickstoff aus einer Stickstoffmaschine auf ein bestimmtes Grundinertisierungsniveau abgesenkt. Vor und gleichzeitig mit der Absenkung auf das Grundintertisierungsniveau wird der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem zu überwachenden Raum ständig gemessen. Die Sollvorgabe wurde anhand der Eigenschaften des Raumes und seiner Bestückung mit EDV-Geräten und dergleichen vorher berechnet. Eine aspirative Branderkennungsvorrichtung, die mit einem Detektor für Brandkenngrößen ausgerüstet ist, saugt über ein Rohrleitungs- oder Kanalsystem ständig repräsentative Teilmengen der Raumluft an und führt diese Teilmengen dem Detektor für die Brandkenngrößen zu. Wird eine Brandkenngröße detektiert und mit den üblichen Sicherheitsschleifen auf einen Brand erkannt, so wird der Raum rasch aus Stahlflaschen mit Stickstoff geflutet, bis eine gewünschte Sauerstoffkonzentration erreicht ist. Diese wurde vorher anhand der in dem Raum befindlichen brennbaren Materialien bestimmt.To monitor is a closed room with normal room air with the usual oxygen content of 21 vol .-%. In order to reduce the risk of fire, the oxygen content in the enclosed space is lowered by introducing nitrogen from a nitrogen machine to a certain basic inerting level. Before and simultaneously with the reduction to the basic sintering level, the oxygen content in the room to be monitored is constantly measured. The target specification was previously calculated on the basis of the properties of the room and its population with computer equipment and the like. An aspirative fire detection device, equipped with a fire characteristic detector, continuously aspirates representative subsets of room air via a piping or ducting system and feeds these subsets to the fire characteristics detector. If a fire parameter is detected and detected with the usual safety loops for a fire, the room is quickly flooded with nitrogen from steel cylinders until a desired oxygen concentration is reached. This was previously determined by the flammable materials in the room.

Solange kein Brand vorliegt, wird mit der Sauerstoffmeßvorrichtung ständig überprüft, ob ein unterer Schwellwert einer gesundheitsgefährdenden Sauerstoffkonzentration erreicht ist. Ist dies noch nicht der Fall, erhält die Stickstoffmaschine weiterhin das Grundinertisierungssignal und flutet den Raum weiter mit Stickstoff. Ist der gesundheitsgefährdende Schwellwert erreicht, erfolgt eine Abfrage der Vorgabe, ob die Konditionen für einen Nachtbetrieb oder die Konditionen für einen Tagbetrieb hergestellt werden sollen. Soll der Raum nicht mehr durch Personen oder Tiere betreten werden, wird das Vollinertisierungssignal an die Stickstoffmaschine abgegeben, woraufhin in Abhängigkeit des gemessenen Sauerstoffgehalts eine weitere Sauerstoffverdrängung erfolgt, bis die für den Raum und die darin enthaltenen Materialien vorgegebene löschfähige Konzentration erreicht ist. Soll der Raum jedoch noch betreten werden, wird mit Hilfe der Sauerstoffmeßvorrichtung die Sauerstoffkonzentration auf einem nicht gesundheitsgefährdenden Wert von etwa 16 % gehalten.As long as there is no fire, the oxygen measuring device constantly checks whether a lower threshold value of a health-endangering oxygen concentration has been reached. If this is not yet the case, the nitrogen machine continues to receive the base inerting signal and continues to flood the room with nitrogen. Once the health-threatening threshold has been reached, a query is made as to whether the conditions for a night operation or the conditions for a daytime operation should be established. If the room is no longer entered by persons or animals, the Vollinertisierungssignal is discharged to the nitrogen machine, whereupon, depending on the measured oxygen content, a further oxygen displacement takes place until the specified for the space and the materials contained extinguishable concentration is reached. However, if the room is still to be entered, the oxygen concentration is maintained at a non-hazardous level of about 16% by means of the oxygen measuring device.

Claims (15)

  1. An inerting method for reducing the risk of and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces comprising the following steps:
    a) lowering the oxygen content in the enclosed space to a specific base inerting level; and
    b) in the event of a fire, rapidly reducing the oxygen content further from the base inerting level to a specific full inerting level.
  2. The method according to claim 1,
    characterized by
    the following additional method steps prior to method step a):
    a1) measuring the oxygen content in the space being monitored;
    a2) the lowering to the base inerting level being contingent upon the oxygen value as measured.
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized by the following additional method step prior to method step b):
    b1) a fire characteristics detector issuing a signal for full inerting in the event of a fire.
  4. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized by
    the following additional method step prior to method step b):
    b1) representative air samples continually extracted from the air of the monitored space being fed to a fire characteristics detector which emits a signal for full inerting in the event of a fire.
  5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that
    the lowering and maintaining of the desired base inerting level ensues by means of producing and/or introducing oxygen-displacing gases.
  6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that
    the lowering and maintaining of the desired base inerting level ensues by means of an oxygen extraction device.
  7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that
    the rapid lowering of the oxygen content to the full inerting level ensues by means of introducing an oxygen-displacing gas into the enclosed space.
  8. The method according to claim 7,
    characterized in that
    the oxygen-displacing gas is supplied from gas tanks.
  9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8,
    characterized in that
    the introduction of the oxygen-displacing gas is contingent upon the measured oxygen content.
  10. A device for realizing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising
    - an oxygen-measuring device in the space being monitored;
    - a first system for producing the oxygen-displacing gas or for extracting oxygen from the space being monitored;
    - a second system for rapidly introducing oxygen-displacing gas into the space being monitored; and
    - a fire detection device for detecting a fire characteristic in the air of the space,
    characterized in that
    a controller is provided which issues a base inerting signal to the first system contingent upon the oxygen content in the air of the space being monitored and a full inerting signal to the second system contingent upon a detection signal from the fire detection device.
  11. The device according to claim 10,
    characterized in that
    the fire detection device is an aspirative fire detection device.
  12. The device according to claim 11,
    characterized in that
    the oxygen-measuring device is integrated into the detector housing of the fire detection device.
  13. The device according to any one of claims 10 to 12,
    characterized in that
    producing the oxygen-displacing gas for attaining the base inerting level ensues mechanically, for example by means of a nitrogen machine.
  14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in that
    switching is made between the base inerting level and the full inerting level contingent upon the requirements as to whether the enclosed space is to be accessible to living creatures and contingent upon the requirements as to the point in time at which accessibility to the enclosed space is to be granted living creatures, wherein the
    base inerting level is set when accessibility is to be allowed and wherein said base inerting level is then maintained over the period required for accessibility.
  15. The device according to any one of claims 10 to 13,
    characterized in that
    the controller switches between the oxygen content of the base inerting level and that of the full inerting level for the space being monitored, for example between day and night operation, in consideration of the requirements of whether accessibility to the space is to be possible for living creatures, wherein the controller switches the oxygen content to the base inerting level when accessibility to the space is to be granted and then maintains this level for the required period of time.
EP99907555.9A 1998-03-18 1999-02-17 Inerting method for preventing and extinguishing fires in enclosed spaces Expired - Lifetime EP1062005B3 (en)

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