EP1052324B1 - Aiguille de machine à coudre avec chas à lèvres décalées - Google Patents

Aiguille de machine à coudre avec chas à lèvres décalées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1052324B1
EP1052324B1 EP00106098A EP00106098A EP1052324B1 EP 1052324 B1 EP1052324 B1 EP 1052324B1 EP 00106098 A EP00106098 A EP 00106098A EP 00106098 A EP00106098 A EP 00106098A EP 1052324 B1 EP1052324 B1 EP 1052324B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
eyelet
sewing machine
machine needle
central axis
thread
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00106098A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1052324A3 (fr
EP1052324A2 (fr
Inventor
Harry Vornholt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Groz Beckert KG
Original Assignee
Groz Beckert KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Groz Beckert KG filed Critical Groz Beckert KG
Publication of EP1052324A2 publication Critical patent/EP1052324A2/fr
Publication of EP1052324A3 publication Critical patent/EP1052324A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1052324B1 publication Critical patent/EP1052324B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05B—SEWING
    • D05B85/00—Needles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sewing machine needle, in particular for high-speed sewing machines.
  • Stitch numbers of 5000 stitches / min and more are the norm in industrial sewing machines today. In certain applications, even up to 8000 stitches / min and more are achieved.
  • the needle When the needle is inserted into the sewing material, it opens a stitch hole and pulls the thread (sewing thread) into the needle hole one.
  • a very small time span of approximately 0.5 ms or less is available for opening the needle hole.
  • the taphole opening time is the duration from the first contact of the material through the needle point to the ⁇ hr matgang.
  • the almost explosive opening of the needle hole causes high frictional forces between the sewing machine needle and the material to be sewn. Therefore, relatively large puncture forces may be required, which increases the energy required for the needle puncture.
  • Another problem associated with sewing needles is the mechanical stress on the sewing needle, especially at higher machine speeds. Rotating masses in the sewing machine can cause vibrations, which in particular have an effect on the sewing machine needle clamped on one side. In addition, acting on the needle, as a result of thread tension and deflection when hitting the sewing machine needle on the fabric and as a result of operating influences further forces. This in turn leads to the desire to use as thick sewing machine needles that have a sufficient rigidity. Both requirements, to use as thin a sewing machine needle to protect the fabric and to avoid excessive needle heating and to use the thickest possible sewing machine needle to achieve the required stability at high sewing speeds, contradict each other.
  • a sewing machine needle with a straight shaft which has in the vicinity of its tip a transverse to its central axis through eye.
  • the eye is bounded in the axial direction by two opposing ⁇ hrstege, both of which lie substantially on the central axis of the sewing machine needle.
  • a thread trench joins the eye in the direction of the clamping part of the shaft.
  • another short groove is provided, which runs in the direction of the needle tip and runs flat in the immediate vicinity of the eye.
  • On the same side of the sewing machine needle closes to the eye in the direction of the chucking towards a groove at.
  • the ⁇ hrsteg arranged between the thread groove and the groove is rounded on the tube side and serves to retract the thread in an opened tap hole.
  • tufting needles with a flattened needle body and a transverse eye are known.
  • the needle body is straight and the ⁇ sterstege are offset from the central axis of the needle body.
  • tufting needles are generally not suitable as sewing machine needles. They are held in groups on a common carrier body, which is connected to a barre of a tufting machine. The tufting needles pierce in a relatively slow common mode the so-called backing for the production of a carpet. Tufting needles are neither intended nor suitable for creating sutures.
  • the sewing machine needle according to the invention has a substantially straight shaft. This has no offset area in which parts of the shaft could protrude laterally beyond its unattenuated contour. This makes it possible for the sewing machine needle, which penetrates into the sewing material, to not laterally deflect the flanks of the stitch hole that is produced, as a result of which an acceleration of the sewing material in the lateral direction and any resulting friction is avoided.
  • the sewing machine needle according to the invention has two spaced-apart ⁇ sterstege, which are offset from the central axis of the sewing machine needle.
  • the offset is preferably such that the pointing to the Einspannteil ⁇ hrsteg releases a barrier-free transition into the eye. He is thus arranged on the side facing away from the thread groove of the sewing machine needle.
  • the ⁇ hrsteg pointing to the tip of the sewing machine needle is offset straight to the other side of the eye. It is arranged approximately in imaginary extension of the thread trough. Overall, these measures allow a reduced friction of the thread on the sewing machine needle and a reduced friction of the sewing machine needle during insertion into the sewing material.
  • the offset of the ⁇ sterstege against each other allows a reduction in the height of the sewing machine needle in ⁇ hr Scheme compared to the nominal size of the sewing machine needle without any fundamental loss in terms of needle stiffness.
  • the height of the sewing machine needle is measured perpendicular to the central axis and in a direction leading through the eye direction.
  • the ⁇ sterstege are rounded and edgeless formed, the rounding of the upper, i. preferably has a radius of 20% of the nominal needle gauge to the chuck portion indicative ear stub at a desired eye chord thickness of 50% of the nominal needle gauge. Overall, this leads to a good yarn path.
  • the ⁇ sterstege are preferably offset from each other by a distance transverse to the central axis, which is at least 40% to a maximum of 50% of the nominal needle thickness.
  • the thread guard can be optimized in the extended longitudinal passage of the thread through the eye.
  • the ⁇ sterstege are preferably about half as thick as the nominal nominal thickness of the sewing machine needle. This results in both the possibility of a slim design of the sewing machine needle in ⁇ hr Scheme, as well as a good stability and rigidity.
  • the tip of the sewing machine needle can lie on a central axis which at the same time leads approximately centrally through the eye. If necessary, however, the tip of the sewing machine needle can also be offset relative to the central axis. Regardless, it is expedient to arrange the ⁇ sterstege such that an imaginary, passing through the eye and fitting to the inner surfaces of ⁇ ststegen straight with the central axis forms an acute angle, which is smaller than 20 °.
  • the ⁇ hrstegversatz and at the same time the low acute angle of the thus defined, passing through the ⁇ ststeg tangent allow low friction of the thread on the sewing machine needle, even if the eye in the axial direction (direction of the central axis) is relatively narrow.
  • the friction can be reduced here by a concave design of ⁇ hrstege.
  • the sewing machine needle preferably has a relatively short eye, in which the distance between the eye webs measured in the axial direction is about one to 1.1 times as large as the nominal needle thickness. This results in a precise guidance of the thread and may possibly lead to a reduction in the required penetration depth.
  • the eye walls preferably have non-planar walls on the side, with the eye walls diverge towards both eye openings.
  • the angle trapped between the eye walls and measured transverse to the central axis may vary along the central axis. This favors the passage of the thread through the eye and reduces its friction. At the same time the two-sided support of the thread loop required for Stichverschlingung is ensured.
  • a groove can be provided on a side of the sewing machine needle facing away from the thread groove.
  • the groove is preferably without sharp edge in the eye, which is useful for the thread guard.
  • a preferred embodiment of the sewing machine needle has eye walls, which do not protrude beyond the ⁇ hrsteg pointing towards the Einspannteil. This results in a relatively small needle cross-section in the transverse region and a comparatively slow opening of the stitch hole and a corresponding protection of the fabric.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a sewing machine needle 1 whose shaft 2 extends from a clamping part (not illustrated in FIG. 1) and adjoining the shaft 2 on the left to a point 3 along a central axis 4.
  • the tip 3 is preferably on the central axis 4.
  • the shaft 2 is, as illustrated in FIG. 3, formed substantially flattened on its upper side 5 in the figure and on its lower side 6. Between the side 5 and the side 6 arranged side surfaces 7, 8 are convex.
  • the cross section of the sewing machine needle 1 is approximately square in this region of the unattenuated shaft 2, apart from the convex curvature of the side surfaces 7, 8.
  • the nominal needle thickness is determined in the shaft region above the groove in the direction of the clamping part by the diameter of the sewing machine needle 1.
  • an eye 11 is arranged, which leads transversely to the central axis 4 through the shaft 2 and which can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the height of the eye 11 is determined by the distance of the sides 5 and 6 to each other.
  • the sewing machine needle 1 is preferably somewhat weaker than in the unattenuated area of the shaft 2, which is shown on the left in FIG.
  • the reduction in the thickness of the shaft 2 in the eye region is in the exemplary embodiment at about 5% to 20%, preferably about 10% with respect to the distance between the side 5 and the side 6 in the unattenuated area.
  • the eye 11 is bounded in the axial direction indicated by the central axis 4 by two ⁇ hrstege 12, 14, which are offset from the central axis 4 in the direction of the thread protection groove 21 or groove 34.
  • the ⁇ sterstege 12, 14 are rounded in each case approximately semicircular, wherein the rounding radius respectively corresponds to exactly half the thickness of each ⁇ hrstegs 12, 14.
  • the offset between the two eye webs 12, 14 measured vertically in the transverse direction, ie in FIG. 1, is preferably about 40% to 50% of the nominal needle thickness.
  • the ⁇ hrstege 12, 14 with their bottom surfaces 16, 17 each approximately at the central axis 4.
  • the rounded ear-side end of ⁇ hrstegs 12 goes from its circular arc shape at a point 15 kink and paragraph free in a stretched and, as shown in Figure 1, with respect to the central axis 4 concave curved bottom surface 16 via.
  • a tangent can be applied, which lies on the central axis 4 or with this includes a very acute angle of a few degrees.
  • ⁇ hrsteg 14 which also has a concave rounded yarn running side bottom surface 17.
  • a transition point 18 between the bottom surface 17 and the rounded end of the ⁇ hrstegs 14 lies approximately on the central axis 4 and a tangent to this point is approximately equal to the central axis 4.
  • An as flat as possible guided by the eye 11 straight line, which rests as a tangent at suitable locations of the bottom surfaces 16, 17 thus includes with the central axis 4 an acute angle in the range of a few degrees, preferably less than 20 °.
  • the eye 11 is relatively narrow. In the axial direction, which is determined by the central axis 4, is the by the axial distance of the ends of ⁇ ststege 12, 14 certain length of the eye preferably about 1 to 1.1 times the nominal needle thickness of the sewing machine needle 1. This allows a good thread guide. Despite the thus relatively short eyelet 11 is due to the offset of the ⁇ hrstege 12, 14 reaches a stretched yarn path. Embodiments are also possible in which the length of the ear may be greater or less than 1 to 1.1 times the nominal needle size.
  • a thread groove 21 is formed along the side 6, directed away from the tip 3, which is delimited by two side walls 22, 23 (FIG. 3). These have two substantially planar, mutually parallel flanks, which are partially touched to the side 6 out.
  • the thread groove 21 also has a substantially planar bottom 24 which extends at some distance parallel to the central axis 4. In a distance approximately corresponding to the needle size from the eye 11, the base 24 then begins to transition into the bottom surface 16 of the ⁇ ststegs 12. The bottom surface 16 then runs at an acute angle to the central axis 4.
  • the eyelet 11 is, as is apparent in particular from Figure 2, bounded by two ⁇ hrcardn 26, 27 whose thickness, measured transversely to the eyelet 11 (Figure 2, line 28), each slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the eye in the region of this passing through the central axis 4 line 28.
  • the flanks of the thread groove 21 go with the confluence of the thread groove 21 in the eye 11 seamlessly in inner surfaces 29, 30 of ⁇ hriety 26, 27 via. In this case, between the flanks of the thread groove 21 and the inner surfaces 29, 30 enclosed, measured transversely to the central axis 4 angle change along the central axis 4.
  • the inner walls 29, 30 in the region of the section line II-II ( Figure 2) are arranged at an acute angle to each other.
  • the inner surfaces 29, 30 also diverge from one another in the lower and upper side in FIGS. 1 and 2, so that the eyelet 11 is waisted.
  • a short, flat leaking groove 32 extends to the top 3, but without reaching them.
  • the groove 32 bounded by the bottom surface 17 ends, starting from the eye 11, approximately midway in front of the tip 3.
  • the sewing machine needle has an approximately circular, weakened cross section. This cross section decreases conically in the direction of the tip 3.
  • a groove 34 is provided in the shaft 2. This lies opposite the yarn channel 21.
  • the groove 34 has a visible from Figure 3, rounded and rounded in the side surfaces 7, 8 merging back 35.
  • the rounded transitions serve to relieve and protect the seam material.
  • 1 is a transition region 36 from the groove 34 to the eyelet 11.
  • the transition region 36 is formed by the ⁇ hrsteg 12, wherein the transition from its rounded end to the outside is formed edge-free. From the transition point of the rounded end of ⁇ hrstegs 12 to the outside or side 5 of the sewing machine needle 1, the eye walls 26, 27 extend at the same height, without projecting laterally or in Figure 1 above the ⁇ hrsteg 12.
  • the upper end of the eyelet 11 is located slightly lower than the side 5 at least, in the unattenuated shaft region.
  • the height of the eye walls 26, 27 to be measured parallel to the line 9 shown in FIG. 2 is slightly less than the nominal needle thickness.
  • the sewing machine needle 1 described so far operates as follows:
  • Sewing machine needle 1 is oscillated reciprocally during sewing in rapid succession along its central axis 4. If the sewing machine needle 1 initially moves away from a sewing material arranged approximately in front of its tip 3 at right angles to the central axis 4, a thread 38 (sewing thread) running through the eyelet 11 is first stretched out through the thread groove 21 and the groove 32. The thread 38 is under tension, so that it is selectively applied to the bottom surfaces 16, 17 of ⁇ hrstege 12, 14. Due to their concave design a planar system is avoided.
  • the state illustrated in FIG. 4 is reached.
  • the tip 3 opens here in fractions of a millisecond a stitch hole, in which the sewing machine needle 1 penetrates to her eyelet 11 by widening the stitch hole. The expansion takes place relatively gradually, whereby the friction between the sewing machine needle 1 and the fabric is reduced to a tolerable level even at high sewing speeds (stitch counts).
  • the sewing machine needle 1 is stung with the eye 11 through the sewing material, the thread 38 is placed around the ⁇ hrsteg 12.
  • the upper section of the thread 38 in FIG. 4 has only a slight relative speed with respect to the sewing material and is more or less at rest.
  • the advancing sewing machine needle 1 pulls, as indicated in Figure 4 by arrows, the lying in the yarn groove 21 portion of the thread 38 at very high speed. Too much friction between the yarn 38 and the fabric is largely minimized by the considerable depth of the yarn groove 21. Too much friction on the ear land 12 is minimized by its roundness and considerable thickness, e.g. approximately coincides with the diameter of the thread 38.
  • the sewing machine needle 1 reverses its direction of movement, as illustrated in FIG.
  • the pierced by the sewing machine needle 1 in the sewing thread 38 now lifts off the ⁇ hrsteg 12 from.
  • There remains a first still standing in the eye 11 loop which is urged by the in Fig. 5 with the sewing machine needle 1 to the left moving ⁇ hrsteg 14 from the eye 11 in the desired direction ( Figure 5 vertically upward).
  • a loop 39 forms, which can be picked up by a gripper 40 for seam formation.
  • the exact design of this sling is crucial for a functioning sewing process.
  • the sewing machine needle 1 then goes through the puncture hole in the return stroke.
  • the thread is withdrawn at high speed to wrap the bobbin case in the opposite direction of the needle movement. Is the sewing machine needle 1 out of the stitch hole and the thread 38 tightened, the process is repeated again.
  • the sewing machine needle 1 has a in the axial direction of two ⁇ hrstegen 12, 14 limited eye 11, which is relatively short in the axial direction (central axis 4). Its length is not significantly greater than the nominal thickness of the sewing machine needle 1.
  • the ⁇ hrstege 12, 14 are offset from each other, each ⁇ ststeg 12, 14 is about half as thick as the sewing machine needle 1 in the eyelet 11.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Aiguille (1) de machine à coudre,
    avec un talon (2) essentiellement rectiligne, qui se raccorde à une partie de serrage, s'étend le long d'un axe médian (4) et se termine par une pointe (3),
    avec un sillon à fil (21), pourvu d'un fond (24) essentiellement plan qui s'étend parallèlement à l'axe médian (4), à faible distance de celui-ci, et doté d'une profondeur importante aux fins de recevoir le fil et de minimiser le frottement entre le fil (38) et l'ouvrage à coudre,
    avec un chas (11), qui est délimité par deux cloisons (12, 14) distantes l'une de l'autre dans la direction de l'axe médian (4), qui sont décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre transversalement (9) à l'axe médian (4),
    caractérisée par le fait que
    les cloisons de chas (12, 14) présentent, mesurée transversalement à l'axe médian (4), une épaisseur qui est égale à au moins 40% de l'épaisseur d'aiguille nominale et qu'une portion de raccordement (15, 18) des cloisons de chas (12, 14) entre l'extrémité frontale, de préférence arrondie de celles-ci et une surface de fond (16, 17) côté fil est située chaque fois sur l'axe médian (4),
    la cloison de chas (14) tournée vers la pointe (3) étant disposée approximativement dans le prolongement imaginaire du sillon à fil (21).
  2. Aiguille de machine à coudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que les cloisons de chas (12, 14) sont arrondies, le rayon d'arrondi étant de préférence égal à la demi-épaisseur de la cloison de chas (12, 14).
  3. Aiguille de machine à coudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que les cloisons de chas (12, 14) sont mutuellement décalées transversalement à l'axe médian (4) d'une distance qui correspond à au moins 40%, de préférence 50%, de l'épaisseur d'aiguille nominale.
  4. Aiguille de machine à coudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que les cloisons de chas (12, 14) présentent chacune, mesurée transversalement à l'axe médian (4), une épaisseur qui correspond à 50% de l'épaisseur d'aiguille nominale.
  5. Aiguille de machine à coudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que les cloisons de chas (12, 14) sont disposées et conformées de manière telle, qu'une droite imaginaire qui passe par le chas (11) et est en contact avec les surfaces de fond (16, 17) des cloisons (12, 14) côté fil, forme avec l'axe médian (1) un angle aigu inférieur à 20°.
  6. Aiguille de machine à coudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que les cloisons de chas (12, 14) présentent chacune une surface de fond (16, 17) côté fil, au moins une surface de fond (16, 17), de préférence les deux surfaces de fond (16, 17) ayant une conformation concave.
  7. Aiguille de machine à coudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la longueur du chas (11) mesurée dans la direction de l'axe médian (4) est inférieure à deux fois l'épaisseur d'aiguille nominale.
  8. Aiguille de machine à coudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la longueur du chas (11) mesurée dans la direction de l'axe médian (4) est égale à 1 à 1,1 fois l'épaisseur d'aiguille nominale.
  9. Aiguille de machine à coudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que chaque cloison de chas (12, 14) délimite un sillon à fil (21, 32) avec sa surface de fond côté fil.
  10. Aiguille de machine à coudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que les parois de chas (26, 27) présentent des surfaces internes (29, 30) qui, en des points mutuellement distants dans la direction axiale, forment des angles différents entre elles.
  11. Aiguille de machine à coudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la hauteur de l'aiguille de machine à coudre (1), mesurée au niveau du chas (11), perpendiculairement à l'axe médian (4), dans une direction (9) qui passe par le chas (11), est inférieure à l'épaisseur d'aiguille.
  12. Aiguille de machine à coudre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que le chas (11) à la suite de la cloison (12) qui est tournée vers la partie de serrage, présente des parois de chas (26, 27) qui ne dépassent pas latéralement par rapport à la cloison de chas (12).
EP00106098A 1999-05-12 2000-03-30 Aiguille de machine à coudre avec chas à lèvres décalées Expired - Lifetime EP1052324B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19921914 1999-05-12
DE19921914A DE19921914C2 (de) 1999-05-12 1999-05-12 Nähmaschinennadel mit versetzten Öhrstegen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1052324A2 EP1052324A2 (fr) 2000-11-15
EP1052324A3 EP1052324A3 (fr) 2001-05-16
EP1052324B1 true EP1052324B1 (fr) 2006-06-07

Family

ID=7907843

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00106098A Expired - Lifetime EP1052324B1 (fr) 1999-05-12 2000-03-30 Aiguille de machine à coudre avec chas à lèvres décalées

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6318280B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1052324B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000325684A (fr)
DE (2) DE19921914C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2261113T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL163209A (en) * 2004-07-26 2009-08-03 Yair Eilam A sewing machine needle for sewing with a complex thread
US9693862B2 (en) * 2012-07-31 2017-07-04 Edwards Lifesciences Corporation Holders for prosthetic heart valves
PL2896732T3 (pl) * 2014-01-21 2016-12-30 Igła szwalnicza z podwójną ochroną
PL3153617T3 (pl) 2015-10-08 2018-11-30 Groz-Beckert Kg Igła do maszyny do szycia i sposób szycia
JP6876299B2 (ja) * 2017-07-20 2021-05-26 トヨタ車体株式会社 ステッチ加工部品の製造方法及び縫い針
DE102019219814A1 (de) * 2019-12-17 2021-06-17 Pfaff Industriesysteme Und Maschinen Gmbh Stichbildungswerkzeug-Baugruppe für eine Nähanlage sowie Nähanlage mit einer derartigen Baugruppe

Family Cites Families (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2125074A1 (de) 1970-06-03 1971-12-09 Inst Ciezkiej Syntezy Orga Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyolefinen mit ungesättigten Bindungen
DE2412062A1 (de) * 1973-03-13 1974-10-10 Manta Fa Naehnadel
US4037641A (en) * 1976-07-16 1977-07-26 The Singer Company Method of fabricating sewing machine needles
DE2834738C2 (de) * 1977-08-10 1984-07-12 Wool Research Organisation of New Zealand (Inc.), Lincoln, Canterbury Nadel für Tuftingmaschinen
DE7923552U1 (de) 1979-01-25 1980-01-24 Wool Research Organisation Of New Zealand Inc., Canterbury (Neuseeland) Nadel fuer tufting-, naeh-, heftmaschinen u.dgl.
DE3027534A1 (de) * 1980-07-21 1982-02-18 Josef 5100 Aachen Zocher Naehmaschinen-nadel
US4458614A (en) * 1982-01-08 1984-07-10 Organ Needle Co. Ltd. Sewing machine needle
NZ201452A (en) * 1982-08-02 1985-12-13 Wool Res Organisation Tufting machine needle
DE9106591U1 (de) * 1991-05-29 1991-07-11 Singer Spezialnadelfabrik GmbH, 5102 Würselen Nähmaschinennadel
EP0882831B1 (fr) * 1997-06-03 2006-05-10 Groz-Beckert KG Aiguille à touffeter
US6062151A (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-05-16 Groz-Beckert Kg Tufting needle with offset stem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1052324A3 (fr) 2001-05-16
ES2261113T3 (es) 2006-11-16
JP2000325684A (ja) 2000-11-28
EP1052324A2 (fr) 2000-11-15
DE19921914A1 (de) 2000-12-07
DE19921914C2 (de) 2001-10-25
US6318280B1 (en) 2001-11-20
DE50012884D1 (de) 2006-07-20

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