EP1051589B1 - Verfahren zur simulation der bedrohung von teilnehmern einer militärischen übung durch handgranaten oder minen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur simulation der bedrohung von teilnehmern einer militärischen übung durch handgranaten oder minen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1051589B1
EP1051589B1 EP99906033A EP99906033A EP1051589B1 EP 1051589 B1 EP1051589 B1 EP 1051589B1 EP 99906033 A EP99906033 A EP 99906033A EP 99906033 A EP99906033 A EP 99906033A EP 1051589 B1 EP1051589 B1 EP 1051589B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
participant
hgrm
weapon simulator
ksim
transmission
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99906033A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1051589A1 (de
Inventor
Rudolf Deinlein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Dornier GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dornier GmbH filed Critical Dornier GmbH
Publication of EP1051589A1 publication Critical patent/EP1051589A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1051589B1 publication Critical patent/EP1051589B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for simulating the threat to participants a military exercise using hand grenades or mines the preamble of claim 1. It is used for realistic simulation of Threat to exercise participants, especially soldiers and vehicles, through single mines, mine blocks and hand grenades. This can be used in training handling with all (harmless) consequences are practiced and in the simulated battle the objective influence of mines and hand grenades be determined.
  • a mine or hand grenade is from one Weapon simulator simulated.
  • the individual exercise participants in particular Personnel, vehicles
  • the effective areas of the mines and hand grenades are deployed by a data transfer between the Weaponry simulators and the participant sensors simulated.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method with which an accurate Range limitation of the mine or hand grenade is possible, so that a reliable determination of the mine or in the effective range of the triggered Hand grenade located participants is reached.
  • the data transmission between the weapon simulator and the individual subscriber sensor systems is carried out in the form of a two-way radio transmission.
  • the radio transmission from the individual participant sensors to the weapon simulator serves to delimit the effective range of the mines or hand grenade to be simulated.
  • the field strength curve in the near field of the transmitting and receiving antennas involved is used for this.
  • a hit is only possible if the near field of the transmitting antenna on the subscriber sensor system overlaps the near field of the receiving antenna on the weapon simulator.
  • a frequency is selected as the transmission frequency whose near-field range is greater than the maximum effective range of the mine or hand grenade to be simulated.
  • the relationship between near field r and frequency f applies: r ⁇ c / 2 ⁇ f (c: speed of light).
  • frequencies in the range from a few kHz to a few 10 MHz can be used for the transmission.
  • the MW and LW range fall into this frequency range (LW long wave, approx. 30 - 300 kHz; MW medium wave, approx. 300 kHz - 3 MHz)
  • the radio transmission from the weaponry simulator to the individual participant sensor systems serves to confirm or verify a mine or Hand grenade hit.
  • Frequencies in the VHF or UHF range VHF very high frequency, approx. 30 - 300 MHz; UHF ultra high frequency, approx. 300 - 3000 MHz are used.
  • the hit of a participant is done when there is a confirmed communication between participant sensors and weapon simulator.
  • the effective range delimitation according to the invention by radio transmission in Near field area (in the LW or MW area) of subscriber sensors too Ordnance simulator enables an exact and faithful replica of the effects of different mine types and hand grenades. In particular, both concealed as well as open installation possible.
  • a precise range limitation with level measurement in a high-frequency transmission To achieve a correspondingly high damping in the Transmission medium, including antennas. Become an asset therefore for the transmission from the participant sensors to the weapon simulator magnetic antennas (e.g. ferrite rod with antenna coil) are used, whereby the range limitation of the mines or hand grenades by using the Field strength curve is achieved in the near field of these antennas.
  • magnetic antennas e.g. ferrite rod with antenna coil
  • the high attenuation in the transmission path has the advantage that that in nature and civilization occurring damping influences by different Soil conditions, by building, due to the weather or open and concealed laying only play a minor role.
  • the method according to the invention supports all principles of use of mine laying e.g. also the mixed laying of mine blocks (PzAbwVMi) and single mines (SchtzAbwVMi).
  • the procedure is for mine combat simulation in combat training centers for the battle of connected weapons as well as a stand-alone solution for pure Mine combat training designed.
  • the participant sensor systems attached to vehicles or personnel enables in addition to the mine detection, the radio connection of others Equipment.
  • the transmission takes place from a subscriber sensor system to the weapon simulator, for example in the MW range, and the Transmission from the weapon simulator to the participant sensor system as an example in the UHF frequency range. As mentioned, there are other frequency ranges too possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows the initial situation when the method according to the invention is carried out.
  • Two typical exercise participants are shown, namely personnel and tanks, each of which is assigned a subscriber sensor system HGRM-S.
  • HGRM-S subscriber sensor system
  • the SchtzAbwVMi-KSIM is triggered by the trip wire STR.
  • the arrows between each KSIM and HGRM-S symbolize the possible transmission paths in the case the triggering of a weapon simulator.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a block diagram of the overall system of weapon simulator KSIM and subscriber sensor technology HGRMS-S as it is carried out of the method according to the invention is used.
  • the invention The method is based on a combination of two radio transmission links between KSIM ordnance simulator and participant sensors HGRM-S.
  • the weaponry simulator shown in FIG. 2 comprises KSIM a UHF transmitter and a MW receiver.
  • the participant sensors HGRM-S accordingly comprises a UHF receiver and a MW transmitter.
  • the MW radio link from the participant sensors to the weapon simulator (Transmission in the near field) serves to limit the range and for information transfer.
  • the UHF radio link from the ordnance simulator for participant sensors only serves to transfer information (confirmation of MW reception).
  • a hit by a mine or hand grenade has occurred if a confirmed one Communication between the participant sensors and the weapon simulator came about.
  • the communication between the weapon simulator is running and subscriber sensors, in particular using two similar methods which are described in more detail below.
  • An additional can be done via the controller within the participant sensor system Data transmission between the subscriber sensor system and one not shown here central processing and control unit can be realized. This can include, for example, the fact that the participant concerned is hit was transmitted for further evaluation.
  • the probability of radio collisions occurring outside the procedure is due to the locally delimited transmission ranges, as well the low frequency of events (mine / HGR triggering, data transmission), the short transmission times (high bit rate, little data) and the non-synchronism of mine / HGR releases very low.
  • the method according to the invention is for the connection of further devices open for radio data transmission.
  • the coding of the different Ordnance simulators and other devices are transparent to the outside, that means additional devices can be used with unchanged subscriber sensors use the data transmission link.
  • the data at the interface of the participant sensors HGRM-S to the central processing and control unit on the one hand and the data at the transfer interface (not shown in FIG. 2) the weapon simulator KSIM to the other devices on the other are the same.
  • the transmission power for data transmission to personnel and Vehicles can be reduced compared to mine simulation because here the parameters of the transmission path are more constant and only minor Ranges of approx. 0.1 m to 3.0 m must be bridged. Also owns data transmission is a low priority compared to mine simulation, which is automatically taken into account in the subscriber sensors.
  • the time utilization of the frequencies used is directly related with mine release and with data transmission.
  • the Utilization is reduced to a minimum by the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of the radio transmission areas of individual weapon simulators and subscriber sensor systems, as are used for the method according to the invention.
  • 3a) shows the transmission range of a PzAbwVMi weapon simulator and a vehicle subscriber sensor system.
  • 3b) shows the transmission range of a SchtzAbwMi ordnance simulator and a personal subscriber sensor system.
  • the UHF transmission ranges are shown by concentric, closed lines.
  • the much smaller MW transmission ranges are shown hatched. They correspond to the near field of the magnetic antennas used.
  • the double arrow on the transmission area of the vehicle subscriber sensor system shows the direction of travel of the vehicle.
  • the MW transmission serves to delimit the effective range
  • the replica of the effective areas will realized by the directivity of magnetic antennas (e.g. ferrite antenna).
  • magnetic antennas e.g. ferrite antenna
  • Farther are combinations of several magnetic antennas (e.g. in the direction aligned with the x- / y- / z-axis).
  • the different ranges can be achieved by different attenuation of the MW receiving antenna in the ordnance simulator or by controlling the MW transmission power in the Achieve participant sensors.
  • the SchtzAbwMi weapon simulator the directivity in the UHF transmission range through directional radiation reached in the UHF range.
  • the subscriber sensor system attached to a vehicle continuously sends out MW wake-up signals in accordance with Table 4. If a PzAbwVMi ordnance simulator receives a broadcast on MW, it sends out its ordnance simulator identification and the sender identification of the participant sensors on its UHF transmitter (telegram structure according to Table 5). The participant sensor system on the triggering vehicle recognizes this and registers and reports the reception as a hit. If other subscriber sensors receive the UHF broadcasts, then they know that the broadcast does not originate from them because it occurs asynchronously to their wake-up process and at the same time contains a foreign subscriber identification.
  • the participant sensor system for personnel does not send out wake-up calls (for reasons of energy saving) and can therefore not be "hit" by PzAbwVMi, which is justified for real use.
  • the described method replaces a complex original mine sensor system in the weapon simulator and enables a high relative speed between vehicles and weapon simulator.
  • an LW transmission can be used, for example.
  • a VHF transmission can be used, for example.
  • the constant MW wake-up transmissions of the participant sensors in vehicles are spatially limited to an area of approximately 8 mx 16 m, so that the vehicles do not interfere with each other.
  • the large-scale usability of the This ensures frequency.
  • Table 1 shows the described execution of the method once again shown in detail.
  • the ordnance simulators are activated on the ordnance simulator itself by certain actions, for example trip wire triggering, electrical ignition, throwing.
  • the electronics as well as the receiver and transmitter of the weapon simulator are in an inactive, battery-saving state ("sleep") until they are triggered.
  • the weapon simulator sends the mine / HGR identifier (telegram according to Table 3) via the UHF transmitter, and the participants in the UHF transmission range, which is significantly larger than the effective range of the mine / HGR, receive this message.
  • these subscriber sensor systems controlled by a random generator, try to establish a connection via the MW transmission link to the mine / HGR.
  • the maximum duration of the procedure ie with 31 participants in the UHF transmission range of the triggering weapon simulator, is a fraction of a second.
  • the participant sensor system recognizes whether damage to the participant is possible at all from the triggered mine type (an example in which damage to the wound is not possible is the combination of an armored vehicle / hand grenade). Only the damaged / wounded participants then carry out the described transponder procedure.
  • too MW transmission e.g. through an LW transmission and the UHF transmission e.g. be replaced by a VHF transmission.
  • the utilization of the frequencies used is very low. Since the Participant sensors on personnel do not send out wake-up calls, they do not contribute to any additional radio interference.
  • the UHF frequency will several times when a mine is triggered as part of the transponder procedure briefly (frame time max. 1 second / mine) within a radius of approx. 50 m used up to 200 m.
  • the subscriber sensor systems located in the UHF reception area of the triggering weapon simulator try to establish a connection via the MW transmission path to the mine / HGR by means of transponder methods after they have received the identifier of the triggering weapon simulator. How the transmissions of the individual subscriber sensors are coordinated and how collision resolution is achieved is explained in more detail below.
  • each participant sensor system After receiving the weapon simulator identifier, each participant sensor system calculates a random number. After a certain time, which is determined by the random number, the individual subscriber sensor system checks whether another subscriber sensor system is already transmitting. If no other subscriber sensor system is transmitting, it begins with the transponder procedure described by MW transmission of the telegram according to Tab. 4 with the subscriber no. 1.
  • the triggered weapon simulator answers the transmissions of the participant sensor system (telegram according to Tab. 4) so that each participant sensor system in the UHF band can determine whether there is transmission in the MW band. If another subscriber sensor system is already transmitting, then the testing subscriber sensor system waits until the transponder process with the other subscriber sensor system has been completed. All subscriber sensors receive the current identifier of the subscriber sensor that is currently carrying out the transponder process. The next subscriber sensor system, which begins with its transponder procedure, sends with a subscriber number that is one higher.
  • each participant sensor system that was able to establish the connection to the triggered weapon simulator ends the transponder procedure. If a participant sensor system does not receive a response from the weapon simulator due to its great distance or radio interference, it tries two more times to establish this connection. If that doesn't work either, she ends the process. If the weapon simulator does not get a reaction in the form of the transponder method after the first transmission of its identification, it repeats its identification twice at intervals of approximately one second.
  • a SchtzAbwVMi, SchtzAbwMi or HGR ordnance simulator detects that when the mine identifier is sent for the first time, another SchtzAbwVMi, SchtzAbwMi or HGR participant sensor system carries out the transponder procedure, then the recognizing ordnance simulator waits until the transponder procedure has ended and only then transmits ,
  • the procedure described enables a safe selection of participants, that are in the effective range of a triggered mine / HGR.
  • a direction finder can be used to locate / locate the mines / HGR, for example after the exercise has ended.
  • a circular area with a diameter of approx. 80 m can be scanned with a wake-up transmitter (identical to subscriber sensors).
  • a wake-up transmitter identical to subscriber sensors.
  • all mines deployed HGR only after "detonation"
  • a special UHF signal for the direction finding process is then generated in the mine / HGR as long as the alarm transmitter is active.
  • Commercially available direction finders are suitable as direction finders.
  • the MW receiver In the described method for simulating the threat from SchtzAbwVMi, SchtzAbwMi, HGR, the MW receiver is only pulsed after the method has been completed and is therefore operated in a power-saving manner in order to be able to receive the alarm transmitter of the direction finder for detection.
  • the MW receiver In the case of the SchtzAbwVMi and the SchtzAbwMi, the MW receiver is already operated in pulsed mode after being focused, so that mines that have not been triggered can also be found.
  • Tab. 6 shows a telegram as an example for data transmission.
  • Tab. 7 shows an exemplary telegram for confirmation. Step no Action HGRM-S KSIM action comment 1. Wake up (send the participant ID MW according to Tab. 4) Sleep mode (MW reception) outside effective range Second Wake up (send the participant ID MW according to Tab.
  • Sleep mode (UHF reception) Sleep Mode Second Sleep mode (UHF reception) Triggering the KSIM with HGR time delay
  • Third Mine ID received Send mine identification according to table 3 4th Participant 1 transmits on MW in accordance with Table 4 and simultaneously receives its transmission on UHF MW reception and UHF transmission according to Table 4 5th Participant 1 avoids / registers mine hits then sleep mode for HGRM-S on subscriber 1 6th Participant 2 transmits on MW in accordance with Tab. 4 and simultaneously receives its transmission on UHF MW reception and UHF transmission according to Table 4 7th Participant 2 reports / registers mine hits then sleep mode for HGRM-S on subscriber 2 8th. ... ... ...
  • 9th Participant n transmits on MW in accordance with Table 4 and simultaneously receives its transmission on UHF MW reception and UHF transmission according to Table 4 Max. 31 participants can be differentiated 10th Participant n reports / registers mine hits then sleep mode for HGRM-S on subscriber n 11th Sleep mode (UHF reception) Time Delay 12th Sleep mode (UHF reception) Sleep mode (MW reception) Bit no meaning comment 1 flag always "0" 2 Bit mine type. 15 Max. 65535 different mines 3 Bit mine type. 14 representable 4 Bit mine type. 13 5 Bit mine type. 12 6 Bit mine type. 11 7 Bit mine type. 10 8th Bit mine type. 9 9 Bit mine type. 8 10 Bit mine type. 7 11 Bit mine type. 6 12 Bit mine type. 5 13 Bit mine type.
  • Bit no meaning comment 1 flag always "0" 2 HGRM sensors on the participant "1" vehicle 3 Bit participant. 4 Max. 31 different, "affected” 4 Bit participant. 3 Representable participants 5 Bit participant. 2 6 Bit participant. 1 7 Bit subscriber. 0 8th Bit mine type. 15 Max. 65535 different mines 9 Bit mine type. 14 representable 10 Bit mine type. 13 11 Bit mine type. 12 12 Bit mine type. 11 13 Bit mine type. 10 14 Bit mine type. 9 15 Bit mine type. 8 16 Bit mine type. 7 17 Bit mine type. 6 18 Bit mine type. 5 19 Bit mine type.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Tools (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Navigation (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
EP99906033A 1998-01-29 1999-01-08 Verfahren zur simulation der bedrohung von teilnehmern einer militärischen übung durch handgranaten oder minen Expired - Lifetime EP1051589B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803337 1998-01-29
DE19803337A DE19803337C2 (de) 1998-01-29 1998-01-29 Verfahren zur Simulation der Bedrohung von Teilnehmern einer militärischen Übung durch Handgranaten oder Minen
PCT/DE1999/000022 WO1999039148A1 (de) 1998-01-29 1999-01-08 Verfahren zur simulation der bedrohung von teilnehmern einer militärischen übung durch handgranaten oder minen

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EP1051589A1 EP1051589A1 (de) 2000-11-15
EP1051589B1 true EP1051589B1 (de) 2003-11-12

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US (1) US6450817B1 (cs)
EP (1) EP1051589B1 (cs)
KR (1) KR20010033839A (cs)
AU (1) AU741926B2 (cs)
CA (1) CA2319061C (cs)
CZ (1) CZ290680B6 (cs)
DE (1) DE19803337C2 (cs)
ES (1) ES2211042T3 (cs)
HU (1) HU223241B1 (cs)
ID (1) ID27604A (cs)
NO (1) NO318822B1 (cs)
NZ (1) NZ505993A (cs)
PL (1) PL343274A1 (cs)
PT (1) PT1051589E (cs)
TR (1) TR200002186T2 (cs)
WO (1) WO1999039148A1 (cs)

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EP1051589A1 (de) 2000-11-15
NO20003822L (no) 2000-07-26
ID27604A (id) 2001-04-12
CZ20002724A3 (cs) 2001-11-14
CZ290680B6 (cs) 2002-09-11
TR200002186T2 (tr) 2000-12-21
AU2608999A (en) 1999-08-16
US6450817B1 (en) 2002-09-17
DE19803337A1 (de) 1999-08-12
CA2319061C (en) 2005-01-04
DE19803337C2 (de) 2002-11-21
CA2319061A1 (en) 1999-08-05
PT1051589E (pt) 2004-03-31
HUP0100545A3 (en) 2002-01-28
NO318822B1 (no) 2005-05-09
NZ505993A (en) 2003-01-31
HUP0100545A2 (hu) 2001-06-28
HU223241B1 (hu) 2004-04-28
ES2211042T3 (es) 2004-07-01
WO1999039148A1 (de) 1999-08-05
PL343274A1 (en) 2001-08-13
AU741926B2 (en) 2001-12-13
KR20010033839A (ko) 2001-04-25
NO20003822D0 (no) 2000-07-26

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