Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
  • B22D41/02—Linings
  • B22D41/023—Apparatus used for making or repairing linings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
  • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
  • F27D1/1626—Making linings by compacting a refractory mass in the space defined by a backing mould or pattern and the furnace wall
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
  • F27D1/0043—Floors, hearths
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
  • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
  • F27D2001/1605—Repairing linings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
  • F27D2003/0001—Positioning the charge
  • F27D2003/0002—Positioning the charge involving positioning devices, e.g. buffers or buffer zones
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
  • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
  • F27D2003/0036—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising inflatable or extendable parts

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding template according to the preamble of claim 8.
• the pourable refractory material in the known embodiment has thixotropic properties, i.e. it becomes fluid under the influence of mechanical energy introduced by vibrations and is evenly distributed in the mold cavity between the inner boundary of the ladle, the wall and the inner surface of the slag and the melt which have remained after a removal process undamaged remains of the old lining and the outer circumference of the cylindrical or slightly conical stencil tapering downwards.
• a critical point in the creation of such monolithic linings is the connection between the floor and the side wall. This connection must be tight, and no displacements of the floor in relation to the side walls may occur during operation, which could result in gaps. In extreme cases, it could penetrate the melt as far as the steel sheet body of the ladle and cause a breakthrough to the outside.
• the invention has for its object to improve the connection between the side wall and bottom of the lining in the described generic operation.
• the method is suitable for linings of the side wall produced in any manner.
• Refractory material with thixotropic properties is just one example.
• Self-flowing refractory materials and also refractory materials that can be solidified by tamping are also suitable for realizing the invention.
• the procedural aspect of the invention can also be carried out without a template with injection molding compound if the floor is subsequently produced separately.
• the method of the invention can be implemented in two alternative embodiments.
• a plurality of separate recesses distributed over the circumference of the ladle are produced in the side wall of the monolithic lining.
• a template according to claim 4 is used.
• a hose according to claim 5 can be used.
• the stencil During the backfilling of the stencil with pourable refractory material, the stencil must hold a fixed position within the pan and may not be on Swing the crane back and forth. Also, it must not be crooked in the pan.
• the bottom of the template is horizontally adjusted and fixed before the start of backfilling.
• the monolithic lining of the bottom of the pan can be anchored to the bottom of the pan during manufacture.
• the anchoring is embedded in the refractory material of the base and holds it firmly and thus also the monolithic cladding of the side wall of the pan.
• the object is achieved by the invention set out in claim 8 when working with a template.
• Template attached small template formed of which several according to claim 9 can be provided distributed over the circumference, in order to achieve a symmetrical anchoring of the bottom on the side wall. According to claim 10, it may be expedient to move the small template radially out of the circumference of the template to the wall of the ladle or its remaining permanent feed.
• the small stencils expediently comprise a conical, radially outwardly tapering stencil body (claim 11), it being possible for the small stencil to be radially displaceable on a screw spindle (claim 12) which, in the case of a conical small stencil, can be arranged in its axis.
• a guide piece radially displaceable in a guide sleeve can be provided for the displaceable guidance of the small template, which can have the shape of a cup-shaped part, on the bottom of which the small template sits with a base surface.
• the screw spindle can be formed by a correspondingly large screw which carries two nuts.
• a small stencil that extends over the entire circumference can be provided (claim 16), which according to claim 17 can be formed by an inflatable tube which, in the inflated state, keeps the space area of the inner circumferential recess free of the refractory material and in relaxed state is slack so that the template can be pulled.
• the horizontal adjustment of the bottom of the template can be carried out according to claim 19 by lifting elements which are distributed over the circumference of the template and are arranged at the edge thereof and which can be threaded according to claim 20 by vertical threaded spindles which have their lower ends on the Rest the remaining surface of the monolithic lining and support it at the lower end of the template.
• the underside of the template is due to the irregularity of the surface of the remaining lining of the
• an inflatable tube can extend around the outer edge of the stencil between the underside of its bottom and the surface of the remaining lining of the bottom (claim 21), which seals the gap and retains the refractory material on the outside.
• This hose therefore only has a sealing function, in contrast to the hose according to claims 16 to 18, which additionally acts as a small template for forming the inner peripheral recess.
• anchors can be attached to the inside of the bottom of the pan (claim 22), which extend into the monolithic lining of the bottom of the pan. For example, welded steel anchors can be used.
• the template can be divided in the circumferential direction and its diameter can be changed relative to one another by displacing the dividing edges in the circumferential direction (claim 23), as is known per se from DE 196 05 968 AI.
• a closing piece can be provided at the dividing point, in which the adjacent dividing edges engage in a displaceable manner in the circumferential direction.
• Fig. 1 shows a side view of a template of a first embodiment
• Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section along the line II-II in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 shows a partial horizontal section along the line III-III in Figure 1 on an enlarged scale.
• Fig. 4 shows a partial horizontal section along the line IV-IV in Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale.
• Fig. 5 shows a partial vertical section corresponding to the lower right corner of Fig. 1 of a modified embodiment. 8th
• the template designated as a whole in FIG. 1 with 100 determines the clear cavity of a ladle 40. It consists of a slightly conical template body 11 having the axis A with a wall 12 made of sheet steel, with eyelets 2 on its upper edge for attachment to a crane are provided. By means of the crane, the template 100 is inserted from above into the pouring pan 40 standing upright on the hall floor, of which only a partial section is indicated in FIG. 1.
• the ladle 40 in turn consists of a cylindrical or slightly conical steel jacket 4, which has a refractory lining 3 on the inside.
• this comprises a multi-layer permanent lining 5 made of refractory stones, to which a refractory monolithic lining is applied on the inside.
• This includes a side wall 6 on the inside of the permanent lining 5 of the upright side wall 42 of the ladle 40.
• the bottom 41 of the ladle 40 is also provided with a monolithic lining 8, but this is only after the monolithic lining 6 has been attached
• the inner boundary of the monolithic lining 6, 8 determines the clear cavity of the ladle and is exposed to the attack of the melt and the slag poured into the cavity at this boundary. After a number of pan trips, the limitation becomes irregular due to removal and decreases in fire resistance due to penetrating melt and slag. A repair of the liner 6, 8 is then required, for which the ladle 40 is allowed to cool. The monolithic lining 6, 8 is then mechanically processed on the surface in order to remove slag penetrated by slag and therefore no longer sufficiently refractory surface layers. The permanent feed 5 and an essential, of the However, the melt and slag intact part of the monolithic lining 6, 8 with a cleaned and roughened inner boundary surface 6 'or 8' remain.
• the template body 11 which is open at the top and bottom, comprises an annular wall 12 made of bent sheet steel, which is reinforced on the inside with ribs, as can be seen from FIG. 1.
• the template body 11 is not closed in the circumferential direction, but is divided at at least one point, the dividing edges 13 being opposite one another at a distance in the circumferential direction, as can be seen from FIG. 3. It is a closing piece 14 for the gap between the dividing edges which extends over the height of the template 100
• a narrow, upright strip 16 which has the same thickness as the wall 12, is welded to the inside in the middle between the dividing edges 13.
• further strips 17 projecting in both circumferential directions are welded on the inside, which extend in the circumferential direction approximately as far as the sheet metal part 15. There are thus two slots which are open in the circumferential direction
• three radially displaceable small templates 20 are provided in the exemplary embodiment which are offset by 120 ° relative to one another and which, in the radially extended state, extend to the inner boundary 6 'of the monolithic lining which has remained and thus serve to center the template 100 hanging on the crane within the ladle 40 at the beginning of filling the intermediate space 7.
• the small stencils 20 save on filling the intermediate space 7 with the pourable one
• the material for the bottom 8 of the ladle 40 is then introduced. This enters the recesses 21 and fills them out, so that after the solidification, conical ceramic anchors or bars protrude from the base 8. 11 are present, which immovably fix this to the refractory lining 3 of the side wall 42 of the ladle 40 beyond the connection that already occurs at the edge of the base 8.
• the method can also be used when it is first produced.
• FIG. 4 shows the design of the small stencils designated as a whole by 20 in detail.
• a recess 22 is provided in the wall 12 of the template 100, on the inner edge of which a cylindrical guide sleeve 24 is concentric and also radial to the template 100
• Axis A ' is welded.
• a pot-shaped guide piece 25 is slidably guided in the guide sleeve 24, the bottom 26 of which is located radially on the outside, lies against the edge of the recess 23 from the inside and closes the latter to the outside.
• the template body 22 has a concentric through-bore 28 which has an extension 29 on the outside.
• a screw spindle in the form of a long screw 30 is provided, which passes through the through hole 28 and sits with its head 31 in the extension.
• the screw 30 passes through aligned through bores 32 in the base 26 and 33 in a cover 34, which covers the guide sleeve 24 towards the inside of the template 100.
• the guide sleeve 24 is so long that the guide piece 25 can be displaced radially inwards until the template body 22 of the small template 20 has disappeared under the outer circumference of the wall 12 of the template 100. 12
• a first nut 35 is attached to the screw 30 on the inside of the base 26, by means of which the template body 22 is tightened on the outside of the base 26.
• a second nut 36 is found on the side of the bottom 34 facing the inside of the template 100.
• the lower end of the template 100 can be adjusted in a horizontal plane by means of the small templates 20, the end face of which can be brought into contact with the surface 6 'of the monolithic lining 6. If, however, the lower edge 37 of the template 100 is not is horizontal, this can not be resolved with the help of the small stencils 20.
• three lifting elements 39 distributed over the circumference are provided on the inside of the template body 11 at the lower edge, each of which consists of a threaded piece 44 welded to the inside circumference of the template body 11 and a rotatable threaded spindle 45 penetrating this vertically can be actuated by a crank handle 46.
• the threaded spindle 45 projects downward beyond the lower edge 37 and carries a support plate 47 at the lower end, with which it is supported on the uneven surface 8 'of the remaining part of the monolithic lining 8 of the bottom 41 of the ladle 40.
• the lower edge 37 can be aligned horizontally before the refractory material 9 begins to be filled into the intermediate space 7.
• the refractory material filled into the intermediate space 7 does not enter the intermediate space 48 between 13 see the lower edge 37 and the surface 8 'can penetrate, extends around the underside of the lower edge 37, an inflatable tube 49 which seals the space 48 radially outwards and keeps the refractory material 9 outside until it solidifies so far has the template 100 drawn.
• 1 also shows an anchor welded to the inside of the bottom 41 of the ladle 40, of which several are distributed over the surface of the bottom 41 and which is embedded in the monolithic lining 8 of the bottom 41 during its manufacture.
• the anchors 38 prevent the monolithic lining 6,8 from slipping when the ladle 40 tips over.
• FIG. 5 shows a modified embodiment in which not several separate recesses 21 distributed over the circumference of the casting ladle 40 are produced, but in which there is only a single inner circumferential recess 51 which is continuous over the circumference.
• the material of the base 8 enters this and forms a ceramic anchor in the form of a peripheral circumferential rib engaging under the monolithic lining 6.
• the inner circumferential recess 51 is formed by a small stencil 50 in the form of an inflatable hose 52 which is arranged at the lower end of the stencil body 11 and extends over the circumference.
• a protruding shoulder 53 is formed which the hose 52 in the direction of the axis A or radially supported. If the tube 52 is inflated, it cannot help but expand radially into the region of the later monolithic side wall 6. The area of over the
• Hose 52 is kept free of the pourable refractory material 9 introduced during the manufacture or restoration of the monolithic side wall 6.
• the top of the hose 52 is covered by an apron 56 made of rubber or the like.
• the hose 52 is depressurized.
• the stencil 100 When the pourable refractory material 9 has been introduced and has solidified in the intermediate space 7, the hose 52 is depressurized.
• the stencil 100 When the stencil 100 is pulled, it can then be pushed back under the outer circumference of the stencil body 11 into the projecting shoulder because of its slackness.
• the pourable refractory material for the base 8 is subsequently poured in, the inner circumferential recess 51 formed is filled.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
• Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
• Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=7855273

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (5)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1998
  • 1998-01-22 DE DE19802207A patent/DE19802207C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-12-09 WO PCT/DE1998/003609 patent/WO1999037422A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-12-09 JP JP2000528387A patent/JP3361089B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-12-09 EP EP98966512A patent/EP1049550A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1999
  • 1999-01-19 ZA ZA9900361A patent/ZA99361B/xx unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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