Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
  • G03B21/14—Details
  • G03B21/28—Reflectors in projection beam
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B27/00—Planetaria; Globes
  • G09B27/02—Tellurions; Orreries
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
  • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
  • G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
  • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
  • G03B21/14—Details
  • G03B21/20—Lamp housings
  • G03B21/2006—Lamp housings characterised by the light source
  • G03B21/2033—LED or laser light sources
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
  • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
  • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
  • H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
  • H04N9/3105—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying all colours simultaneously, e.g. by using two or more electronic spatial light modulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
  • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
  • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
  • H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
  • H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
  • H04N9/3167—Modulator illumination systems for polarizing the light beam
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
  • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
  • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
  • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
  • H04N9/3197—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using light modulating optical valves

Definitions

• the invention relates to an arrangement with a projector and a deflection mirror, in which the image projection from a projection direction strikes the deflection mirror which is movably mounted in two spatial directions and whose mirror surface deflects the projection beams with an elevation angle and an azimuth angle.
• a projection arrangement can also be referred to as a drawing projector, since a static or moving image is generated, projected onto a projection surface and moved on it.
• the projection surface is a wall (e.g. screen) for a front projection or a screen (e.g. matt screen) for a rear projection.
• the projector is not limited to a specific type of image generation. Projectors can be used which write the image using a light and / or color-modulated light beam. These projectors are also known as laser projectors. However, image-mapping projectors can also be used which bring an image out of a device-internal object plane, as is known, for example, from the CRT, LCD, DMD or slide projector.
• a deflection device for an image generated by means of a laser beam is known.
• the image can be rotated in itself by means of a K-mirror arrangement and is then deflected by a biaxially mounted mirror in such a way that the image generated can be deflected in a limited area.
• Image deflection is such that the image is generated in a device standing on the floor and directed onto the deflecting mirror from this position on the floor.
• the aim of the invention is to enlarge the area of possible image display on a predetermined projection surface in an arrangement of the type mentioned at the beginning.
• the range of the representability of a comparatively small image within a projection area that is large in relation to the image size, in particular in a projection dome, is to be expanded.
• the location of the display area should correspond to the normal viewing habits of the
• an image can also be displayed near the zenith and in the zenith.
• a high-quality monochromatic, black-and-white or colored image should be able to be displayed with comparatively little effort and at the same time be so quickly movable on the projection surface that the viewer can essentially follow the movement of the image.
• a projection arrangement with a projector and a deflection mirror is proposed, in which the image projection from a projection direction along a
• the main projection axis meets the deflecting mirror, which is movably mounted in two spatial directions, the mirror surface of which deflects a projected light beam with an elevation angle and an azimuth angle onto a projection surface standing on a floor, the image projection being carried out from the direction of a zenith at an angle ⁇ which is less than 60 ° , related to a plumb bob from the zenith, and the deflecting mirror is arranged on the floor, furthermore the projected light beam can be deflected towards the projection surface and thus an image can be generated on the projection surface and can be moved thereon.
• the zenith of the celestial dome or the zenith of an artificial dome, for example in a planetarium, is referred to as "zenith".
• the fact that the deflecting mirror is arranged on the ground does not mean that it lies directly on the ground arranged above the floor surface or fastened to a wall above the floor surface or suspended from a ceiling, but it is essential that the projection is made from the direction of the zenith onto the mirror surface of the deflecting mirror.
• the size of the angle ⁇ indicated means that the direction of the light beam that falls on the deflection mirror comes from the direction out of the zenith
• Projection dome of a planetarium can be achieved with an image display without the image display on the projection surface being disturbed by shadowing.
• the shadowing caused by projectors, other installations or viewers can be minimized.
• the area around the zenith is reached without restrictions and without shadowing from the image display.
• the projected light bundle is used to generate an image only in a partial area of the projection area and is then movable in the entire area of this projection area.
• the movement can take place comparatively quickly, since the relatively massive projector is fixed and only the comparatively small mass of the deflection mirror has to be moved.
• the image should not statically fill the entire projection area, as is the case for example in the cinema, but within the display area on the
• Projection screen to be movable.
• the image may be the same or larger than the screen. In this case, parts of the
• Image can not be displayed. For many applications, however, it is sufficient if the size of the moving image is less than 90% based on the size of the projection surface. This is, for example, for image tracking for the
• Scene display in the show area is advantageous when images are to be projected onto backdrop devices. Then the entire image content can always be displayed.
• the image is a comparatively small image in many applications, for example that of a planet or
• the image size of the image to be displayed with the projector can also be smaller than 1% of the
• the image size can be set continuously, which can be used to simulate, for example, approaching or moving away from a vehicle in a realistic manner.
• This zoom function can be implemented using known zoom optics or in an image-generating computer.
• Main projection axis coincides. Then there are no image distortions due to the deflection of the image by the deflection mirror. It is particularly advantageous if the direction of the The main projection axis on the deflection mirror is a parallel to the perpendicular from the zenith. The angle ⁇ is then 0 °. Then one of the axes of rotation of the deflecting mirror delivers only one movement component to the azimuthal position and to the position elevation of the image. This allows a particularly simple assignment of the image position in the area of the projection surface.
• the direction of the main projection axis is perpendicular to the deflection mirror from the zenith of a spherical projection dome, a 360 ° movement of the image can be realized particularly well.
• the projector is arranged at the zenith of a projection dome and the deflection mirror is arranged on the bottom of the projection dome, the axis of rotation for adjusting the azimuth angle with the plumb line from the
• Zenith collapses The projector is then outside on the projection dome and the beam is coupled in through a small hatch in the zenith of the projection dome.
• the deflection mirror is located inside the projection dome.
• a further advantageous embodiment is achieved if the deflection mirror is also arranged in the center of a spherical projection dome. Then the projection distance to everyone
• this arrangement facilitates image generation by means of the image-imaging projectors, for example slide projectors, LCD projectors or
• DLP projectors belong because the possible range of the depth of field of such projectors is only relatively small and no additional measures for adjusting or producing the image sharpness are required here. If the projection is carried out with such projectors from outside the center of the sphere or the image is directed onto an aspherical projection wall, it is imperative to readjust the image sharpness as a function of the image position. With larger images, parts of the image can also be blurred.
• laser projectors This problem does not arise when using a projector which works with a writing, essentially parallel laser light beam. Images produced in this way are sharp in a very large area, which can be several meters, at every projection distance. Such projectors are known under the term “laser projectors”.
• the image size is perceived as fixed by an observer if the deflecting mirror is arranged in relation to the position of the projection surface in such a way that the projection distance to each point on the projection surface deviates less than +/- 10% from an average projection distance. This result is achieved in particular if the observer lacks a benchmark.
• a zoom function of the Projector to adjust the image size is not absolutely necessary. However, a deviation of +/- 20% is also acceptable for subordinate applications. If geometrically accurate image representations are required, the deviation of the projection distance should be less than +/- 5%.
• the size of the area in which a good quality image with a deflection mirror that is not too large can be moved on the projection surface without shadowing depends first of all on the size of the projector or its components which are located in the projection dome. As will be shown below in the exemplary embodiments of the invention, this factor can be absolutely minimized.
• the projection surface is further determined by the position of the axes of rotation of the deflection mirror in relation to the projection surface.
• the height of the deflection mirror in relation to the horizon which is given, for example, in a projection dome, crucially determines the size of the area accessible to the image. If the axis of rotation, which produces the elevation angle, lies above the horizon, the display area is reduced, if it is below the horizon, the area in which an image display is possible increases.
• the projection dome is a sphere, the projector is at the zenith and the deflecting mirror is opposite the zenith, on the floor.
• the shape of the projection surface is subject to almost no restrictions, in particular in the case of a laser projector, because of the almost unlimited depth of field.
• the projection surface can
• a particularly favorable use of space and a very practical structure is achieved if a fixed deflection mirror is arranged to the projector, which deflects the light beam out of the projector. How the projector and where the projector is arranged in relation to the projection surface can be chosen relatively freely. It is only necessary to adhere to the condition that after the deflection through the deflection mirror the light beam runs from the direction of the zenith.
• the deflecting mirror is arranged behind the projection lens in the image directional projector in the beam direction.
• the deflecting mirror is provided behind the deflection device for scanning the lines in the image or behind the angle-changing transformation optics used as a rule. It is useful if the deflecting mirror is firmly connected to the projector. Because of the Simplicity of control with angular coordinates is also expedient if the fixed deflecting mirror is at an angle of 45 ° to the main projection axis from the projector. It is particularly advantageous if the projector itself is at an angle of 90 ° to the azimuthal axis of rotation of the deflection mirror.
• the deflecting mirror can, however, also be movable in order to produce special image effects.
• the light beam, which is directed onto the deflecting mirror can be redirected to a further deflecting mirror with a different mirror position with the aid of a controllable deflecting mirror. In this way, for example, when changing between the two deflecting mirrors arranged next to one another, which have different mirror positions, erratic image movements can be generated.
• a laser projector comprises at least one brightness and / or color-modulated laser radiation source and a deflection device for line-by-line and image-based deflection of the light bundle.
• the brightness and / or color-modulated laser radiation source and the projection head are optically connected to one another with an optical fiber in such a projector.
• the laser radiation source is a monochrome laser radiation source or a red-green-blue laser radiation source with which light can be coupled efficiently into an optical fiber.
• the spatial separation of light source and projection head which is possible due to the optical fiber connection, provides many design options for how the projector can be installed, for example, in a projection dome.
• Projection head in the zenith of a projection dome poses no difficulties here. If the assemblies become smaller and lighter due to the progressive development, it is then better possible to combine the projection system in one housing.
• the projection head contains a line mirror and an image mirror for rasterizing the
• a transformation optical system that enlarges the scan angle is arranged in the light direction if this is necessary due to the projection conditions (image size to be achieved at a predetermined projection distance).
• These transformation optics can also contain a controllable zoom function if the image size is to be set or varied during the image display. The electronic control of the zoom factor takes place depending on the desired image size on the Projection area, the size changes of the image due to changes in the projection distance can also be compensated for.
• the invention can also be implemented using image-imaging projectors, for example with a film projector, a slide projector, an LCD or CRT projector.
• a projection lens is expediently used in such projectors in order to be able to set the desired image size.
• Temperature radiators are usually used as light sources here.
• the projector can be divided into the light source and projection head modules.
• the projection head contains the object plane with a projection lens assigned to it.
• the optical connection between the modules can also be established via an optical fiber or an optical fiber bundle.
• the advantage is used that the thermal power generated during the operation of a temperature radiator does not have to be released into the projection space.
• a laser radiation source can also be used in the case of an image-imaging projector, but this must be expanded to illuminate the object field.
• light transmission via an optical fiber from the laser light source to the object field is provided.
• Possibility of light transmission between the light source and projection head in a free space a particularly favorable variant, the light having to be guided through a hatch in the projection wall or in the projection dome when the light source is installed outside the projection space.
• the described projection systems can be combined with a pilot laser for training purposes and measuring purposes.
• the wavelength of the pilot laser beam is not equal to the wavelengths of the projection beams.
• the pilot laser beam can be coupled into the beam path in such a way that it represents a fixed point in the deflected image and can be moved together with the image.
• For coupling the pilot laser beam is in particular the
• Deflecting mirror suitable which is translucent for the wavelength of the pilot laser beam and reflects all other wavelengths.
• the pilot laser beam can also be coupled into the beam path of the projection arrangement at another point, for example via an additional coupling mirror, the coupling taking place on the basis of the wavelengths of the pilot laser beam lying outside the visible light according to the deflection system and after the transformation optics should.
• the direction of the pilot laser beam can in particular also correspond to the position of the main projection axis or be assigned to a specific object in the projected image.
• the movement of the image can be tracked or automatic or manual image tracking can be detected and evaluated.
• a first projector can be a
• Project the scene image filling the projection surface and a second projector uses the deflection mirror to provide a comparatively small image that can be moved within the scene image and can be displayed completely independently of this scene image.
• more than one projector each with its associated deflection mirror, is aligned with a projection surface.
• three images that represent different objects can be moved across the projection surface completely independently of one another.
• the images can each represent an airplane.
• the deflecting mirrors can be arranged lying next to one another in the horizontal direction, the directions of the light bundles falling on the mirror surfaces of the deflecting mirrors also coming from here
• the deflection mirrors can also be arranged one above the other in the vertical direction.
• the deflection mirrors can also lie next to each other. However, it is useful if projectors with deflecting mirrors are used and the directions of the
• the main projection axes of the light bundles coincide after the beam deflection by the respectively assigned deflection mirrors.
• Projection ratios since all images are projected from almost the same location.
• the condition that the projection distances of the projectors from the mean projection distance is less than +/- 10% can easily be met.
• Angular range in which an image can be displayed without any shading occurs in particular when more than one projector is in a projection room must be arranged.
• the position of the angular range is more favorable, for example in relation to a position of the projector in a projection dome, since images in the area of the zenith can now be displayed far below the horizon.
• the advantage is particularly significant that images produced in this way have an almost unlimited depth of field and that the most extensive correction of image errors can be carried out.
• Wall of a projection dome is mounted; 2: a projection arrangement according to the invention with a projection head with a deflection mirror, mounted in a projection dome with a light source outside the projection dome; 3: a projection arrangement according to the invention with a projection head with a light source outside and with a deflecting mirror with a deflecting mirror mounted in the projection dome; 4: a projection arrangement according to the invention with a projector which is mounted in the zenith of a projection dome; 5: a projection arrangement according to the invention with a rear projector
• FIG. 7 a projection arrangement according to the invention with a plurality of projectors arranged one above the other in a projection dome.
• the invention is described in the examples according to FIGS. 1 to 4 on the basis of a projection in a dome space, as is used for planetariums or simulation installations. Especially when using projection methods with a writing
• FIG. 1 shows the projection space of a projection dome 1 schematically.
• the projection dome 1 has a zenith 2 and a horizon 3.
• the bottom 4 of the projection dome 1 lies below the horizon 3.
• the main projection axis 5 of a projector 10 lies at an angle ⁇ to the perpendicular from the zenith 2.
• the light from the projector 10 reaches a bottom-side, two-axis rotatably mounted deflection mirror 11, which is moved so that a projected image 6 in angular ranges around an azimuthal axis of rotation 7 at about 340 ° and around one
• the axis of rotation elevation 8 can be moved at approximately 100 ° on the projection surface 9 without shadowing by the projector 10.
• the projector 10 is an LCD projector.
• the angle ⁇ is dimensioned at approximately 25 °. It can be seen that here the projected image 6 can be moved in a very large part of the projection surface 9 without any shadowing. If the inclination ⁇ of the main projection axis 5 from the projector 10 exceeds the angle of approximately 60 °, it is practically no longer possible to move a projected image 6 in the dome area below the horizon 3.
• a larger angle ß requires a larger area of the deflection mirror 11, which has a disadvantageous effect on its movement dynamics.
• the projection conditions deteriorate dramatically at very flat angles of incidence on the deflection mirror 11.
• the projector 10 is located only partially in the projection dome 1 and generates the projected image 6 with the aid of a laser light beam which is deflected in terms of lines and images.
• the projector 10 here consists of a brightness and color modulatable red, green and blue laser light source 12 and a projection head 13 with a fixed one
• the laser light source 12 is expediently set up outside the projection dome 1. Between the laser light source 12 and the projection head 13 there are electrical connections and an optical fiber connection 15 for transmitting the brightness and color-modulated laser light beam.
• the projection head is set up on the floor here and can have considerably smaller external dimensions than in the example in FIG. 1, so that the shadows caused by the projector 10 become even smaller. A further reduction in shadowing is achieved in that the projector 10 is arranged essentially horizontally with its main projection axis 5.
• the main projection axis 5 ′ is deflected in a direction by a fixed deflecting mirror 14, which is attached to the light exit of the projection head 13, which is at an angle ⁇ to the perpendicular from the
• Zenith 2 is.
• ß 0 °.
• the projector 10 with its red-green-blue laser light source 12 and the projection head 13 is set up outside the projection dome 1. Only the fixed deflection mirror 14 and the biaxially movable deflection mirror 11 are in the
• the deflected brightness and color-modulated laser light beam passes through a hatch 16 into the projection dome 1, in which only the deflection mirror 14 and the deflection mirror 11 are arranged. If you choose the arrangement of the projection head so that its main projection axis 5 is parallel or at an angle ⁇ > 0 ° to the perpendicular from the zenith 2, the fixed deflection mirror can also be dispensed with here (shown in dashed lines).
• FIG. 4 shows an advantageous arrangement of the projector 10 outside the projection dome 1.
• the projection takes place here from the zenith 2 of the projection dome in the plumb line onto the biaxially deflecting mirror 11 arranged on the bottom side through the hatch 16.
• image 6 succeeds in the entire space of FIG Move three-quarter ball.
• the movement of the image 6 is possible in areas far below the horizon 3.
• the projection surface 9 can be of almost any shape, in particular in the case of a laser projector, since extensive options for correcting image errors can be used here.
• FIG. 9 An example of a rear projection is shown in FIG.
• the projection surface 9 here is a translucent aspherical screen.
• the image is projected onto the back of the screen and the image is viewed from the front.
• the light from the projector 10 first reaches the deflecting mirror 14 and then to the bottom-side, two-axis rotatably mounted deflecting mirror 11. The latter is moved so that a projected image 6 in angular areas about an azimuthal axis of rotation 7 with about
• FIG. 6 shows the design of a projector 10 with a laser light source 12 and a projection head 13.
• the projector consists of the laser light source 12, deflection device 17, transformation optics 18, deflection mirror 14 and biaxially deflectable deflection mirror 11 with the drive mechanism arranged in the direction of light.
• the laser light source 12 deflection device 17
• transformation optics 18 deflection mirror 14
• biaxially deflectable deflection mirror 11 with the drive mechanism arranged in the direction of light.
• FIG. 19 are the laser radiation source 12 and the electrical controls for the operation of the laser light source, the modulation of the laser light, for the deflection device 17, the zoom function of the transformation optics 18, and the drives for the deflection mirror 11.
• the assemblies deflection device 17, transformation optics 18, deflection mirrors 14 and biaxially deflectable deflecting mirror 11 with the drive mechanism are mounted on a frame 20 which is connected to the housing 19.
• This housing 19 stands on the floor 4 of the projection dome 1.
• the light source 12 and the projection head 13 can be separated.
• the housing 19 is separate and the frame 20 is attached to the wall of the projection dome 1, for example.
• FIG. 6 shows that an optional deflection mirror 11 is provided in the direction of the main projection axis 5 ′
• Pilot laser beam 21 is coupled in via a partially transparent deflection mirror 14.
• the pilot laser beam 21 is deflected by the deflecting mirror 11 with the light bundle 22 used for image generation and can therefore always be assigned to a position in the image shown.
• FIG. 7 shows a projection room with a spherical projection surface.
• Projection space three projectors 10, 10, 10 with associated deflecting mirrors 14, 14 ', 14 "and deflecting mirrors 11, 11', 11" according to FIG. 6 are arranged one above the other such that the directions of the main projection axes after the beam deflection by the deflecting mirror on a straight line which is identical to the lot from Zenit 2.
• the structure of each of the three projectors corresponds to that of the projector shown in FIG. 6.
• the three projectors are arranged in the vicinity of the geometric center of the projection dome 1.
• the representation of the three projectors 10, 10', 10" in FIG. 7 is not in relation to the representation of the size of the projection dome 1 on a scale.
• the projection dome 1 has a diameter of 20 meters, for example, while a single one
• Projector 10 has the dimensions 900 mm in length, 400 mm in height and 200 mm in width.
• FIG. 7 shows that the deflecting mirror 11 of the middle projector 1 is arranged exactly in the center of the projection dome 1.
• the deflection mirrors 11 ', 11 "of the other projectors 10', 10" are each about 500 mm from the center. With a line opening angle of 5 °, the image 6 generated by the central projector 10 becomes approximately
• the resulting difference in the image width of the images 6 ', 6 "from the two other projectors 10', 10" to the image 6 of the middle projector 10 is approximately 45 mm.
• differences of the images lie in an area that is no longer detectable by the observer, in particular in the case of moving images.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Multimedia (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Educational Technology (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Educational Administration (AREA)
• Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Projection Apparatus (AREA)
• Instructional Devices (AREA)
• Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)

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• 1998
  • 1998-11-05 DE DE19851000A patent/DE19851000C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-11-04 AU AU13791/00A patent/AU1379100A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-11-04 WO PCT/EP1999/008445 patent/WO2000028378A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-11-04 BR BR9907162-2A patent/BR9907162A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-11-04 JP JP2000581503A patent/JP3451261B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-11-04 IL IL13693099A patent/IL136930A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-11-04 CN CN99802007A patent/CN1287628A/zh active Pending
  • 1999-11-04 US US09/582,814 patent/US6499846B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-11-04 EP EP99971933A patent/EP1046080A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 1999-11-04 KR KR1020007007414A patent/KR20010033854A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-11-04 CA CA002317037A patent/CA2317037C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2000
  • 2000-07-03 ZA ZA200003334A patent/ZA200003334B/xx unknown

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