EP1042601B1 - Piston en carbone pour un moteur a combustion interne - Google Patents

Piston en carbone pour un moteur a combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1042601B1
EP1042601B1 EP99960799A EP99960799A EP1042601B1 EP 1042601 B1 EP1042601 B1 EP 1042601B1 EP 99960799 A EP99960799 A EP 99960799A EP 99960799 A EP99960799 A EP 99960799A EP 1042601 B1 EP1042601 B1 EP 1042601B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
axis
hub
cylinder
carbon
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP99960799A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1042601A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Greiner
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/02—Pistons  having means for accommodating or controlling heat expansion
    • F02F3/022—Pistons  having means for accommodating or controlling heat expansion the pistons having an oval circumference or non-cylindrical shaped skirts, e.g. oval
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0084—Pistons  the pistons being constructed from specific materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448—Steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
    • F05C2251/042—Expansivity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a carbon Piston for an internal combustion engine with the preamble of Claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates on different pairings of such a carbon piston with different materials Cylinders.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore a Propose carbon pistons for internal combustion engines, which allows him to do it with the usual required Lifetime in place of the standard Aluminum pistons, especially for cars and trucks, come on leave without the lower density of the Carbon compared to aluminum and the lower Thermal expansion achievable advantages lose.
  • the formation of the piston skirt also differs from that of the aluminum pistons. So is also in Shank area of the cross section enlarged, so that as a result the increased connection of the piston skirt via the Ring section on the piston crown that prevailing in the piston Temperature field is changed.
  • the wall thickness of the piston skirt is about 0.05D to 0.075D, preferably about 0.056D to 0.07D. While the axial profile of the aluminum pistons Piston skirt outer surface clearly in the area of the hub must be crowned to the different expansion behavior over the cooler cylinder wall on the carbon piston according to the invention Crowning can be dispensed with.
  • the outer surface of the Piston shank can therefore be used as a conical surface be designed, the generators between the connection to the ring section and the lower shaft edge straight run.
  • the deviation is this Cone area of a cylinder area considerably less than in the described profile of an aluminum piston, d. H. the diameter of the piston skirt when connecting to the Ring section is only 0.075 to 0.8% less than that Diameter at the lower edge of the shaft.
  • Carbon pistons possible such as piston rings to be used, which is also used for aluminum pistons Find.
  • Carbon pistons also carbon piston rings to be used because of the different expansion behavior does not have to be taken into account.
  • the one described Flexural strength and the modulus of elasticity of today Available carbons allow that To form piston rings in one piece in the same way and assemble them like this from metallic piston rings is known here.
  • the piston rings can be made Carbon in cross section compared to the metallic Piston rings can be reduced by 10 to 15% and due the thermal expansion behavior corresponding to the piston can also have significantly smaller axial grooves Games of the piston rings to the groove flanks can be selected.
  • the well-known for carbon with increasing temperature increasing strength increases also allows also with the piston ring closest to the top land in the ring groove on separate ring supports or to do without the like.
  • Carbon pistons also affect execution the hub for the piston pin. So the hole for the Piston pin deviates from the known designs for Aluminum pistons are designed to be purely cylindrical because Stress peaks in the bore surfaces due to the damping due to the material. additional There are no holes for the oil supply to the piston pin required because even with the possible use of a Piston pin made of hardened steel or a piston pin made of ceramic (silicon nitride) glide well on carbon.
  • the carbon piston according to the invention can also be used different cylinder treads can be combined.
  • the piston installation play to be observed in cold The condition depends on the choice of material Cylinder tread dependent.
  • the games are less Use of ceramic treads and are larger for metallic cylinder running surfaces made of aluminum, Cast iron or steel.
  • Thermal expansion coefficients of the cylinder surfaces largely compensate by cooling them more or less.
  • the piston shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 for a diesel engine has in conventionally a piston crown 1, a top land 2, a Ring section 3 and a piston skirt 4. At the top of the Piston bottom 1 has a trough 11.
  • In the lateral surface 41 of the Piston shaft 4 opens diametrically opposite each Hub bore 5 for a piston pin, not shown, which is in from the Inner wall 42 of the piston skirt 4 outgoing hub thickenings 51 extends.
  • At the outer end of the hub bore 5 is not a groove 52 for one shown circlip for securing the piston pin available.
  • the hub bore 5 has a transverse, axis 53 coinciding with the piston pin axis.
  • the ring section 3 are for piston rings, not shown three annular grooves 31 are formed, of which the lowest Ring groove is used to hold an oil scraper ring.
  • the lower groove flank of the annular groove 31 for the oil control ring offset in the circumferential direction of the piston next to the Hub bore 5 an outlet opening 32 is provided, which in a flat oil pocket 33 in the lateral surface of the Piston shaft 4 opens.
  • the oil pocket 33 has near the Oil drain opening 32 a depth of, for example, 3 mm and runs in an arc outside the hub bore 5 surrounding, hub thickening 54 around. Your depth decreased tapering to the lateral surface 41 at the lower end.
  • the bottom 12 of the Piston bottom 1 a vaulted surface, which in the shown example approximates a Circular cylinder surface is the cylinder axis, not shown the piston axis intersects at right angles. That is, the Piston base lower surface 12 is through - to the plane of the drawing Fig. 2 vertical - just formed and goes rounded into opposite end faces 55 the hub thickenings 51 over (Fig. 1). Between the two opposite hub thickenings 51 runs Piston crown lower surface 12 with the radius of a circular cylinder, and closes with a smaller radius rounded to the Inner wall 42 of the piston skirt 4. This transition extends beyond the lower end of the ring section 3, on which the piston skirt 4 attaches.
  • the diameter of the piston crown 1, that is Piston diameter D is in the shown Embodiment 86.835 mm; the thickness of the piston crown 1 starting from the top edge of the top land is 2 and without taking into account the recess 11 at the apex of the Piston bottom surface 12 22 mm.
  • the total height of the Piston from the top edge of the top land 2 to lower skirt edge 44 is 76.3 mm, the piston skirt 4th has a jacket thickness of 7.5 mm. This results in one Piston crown thickness of 0.25D, d. H. a relationship that for a diesel engine piston of this size significantly above that corresponding value of an aluminum or cast iron piston lies.
  • Fig. 4 shows in longitudinal section a carbon piston with a combustion chamber trough for a direct injection diesel engine.
  • the piston crown lower surface 12 represents a vaulted surface which, in deviation from the shape according to FIGS. 1 to 3, is not practically a circular cylindrical surface up to the inner wall of the piston, but rather - three circular cylindrical surfaces - transverse to the piston pin axis composed.
  • the major part a of this surface has a radius R a , the center A of which lies on the piston axis 14.
  • the two opposite surface sections b which are symmetrical with respect to the piston center plane lying in the piston pin axis, on the other hand have a radius R b , the center B of which lies on a transverse axis intersecting the piston pin axis. It goes without saying that the surface sections b, each perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 4, have a shorter extension than the central surface section a, because they have to run into the inner wall of the piston skirt with a transition radius.
  • the piston according to FIG. 4 has a diameter of 68.87 mm.
  • the radii R a and R b in this case are 41 and 12 mm, respectively.
  • the shape of the piston according to FIG. 5 corresponds to Size and design approximate that of FIG. 4. It deviates from it and from the shape according to FIGS. 1 to 3 in that in addition to the drain opening 32 ' in the lower flank of the groove 31 'several in the Drain bores 35 leading inside the piston are provided. These support the oil drainage through the outside Oil pocket 33 '.
  • the piston according to FIGS. 6 and 7 points like that according to Fig. 4 at the top of the piston head Burning chamber trough and is also direct for you injecting diesel engine.
  • the apply following general explanations regardless of the Formation of the top of the piston crown and thus also for a flat top.
  • Unlike that 4 forms the piston crown lower surface 112 a partial surface of an ellipsoid of revolution, its axis of rotation 113 with the piston axis 114 coincides.
  • the major axis 115 of the Rotational ellipsoids are perpendicular to that Piston axis 114 and at the same time also perpendicular to the axis 153 (Fig.
  • the partial surface of the rotational ellipsoid mentioned here can be approximated by the surface of a spherical cap with the radius R ' a , to which the surface of half a spherical cap with the radius R' b connects at both ends of the large main axis 115.
  • the center point A 'for the radius R' a lies on the piston axis 114; the center point B 'for the radii R' b is in each case on the major axis 115.
  • ri denotes the distance of the center M from the piston crown underside 112; r imin is therefore the smallest distance between the center M and the underside of the piston crown, measured along the piston axis 114.
  • d denotes the diameter of the inner wall 142 of the piston skirt 104 at the height of the major axis 115, in this case synonymous with the height of the axis 153 of the hub bore 105th
  • the location of the Center A 'on the piston axis 114 and the location of the Center points B 'on the main axis 115 are determined in each case become.
  • the lowest ring groove in the Ring section 103 sufficiently far above the arched Bottom of the piston crown lies so as not to be through a Cross-sectional reduction at this point the force and To affect heat flow.
  • the transitions between the so Partial spherical surfaces are created by transition surfaces smoothed to the surface of an ellipsoid of revolution.
  • the lower surface of the piston crown extends 112 in the direction of the axis 153 of the hub bore 105 over a shorter distance than across, because in Area of the hub thickening 151 taken into account must be that there is still sufficient clearance for the Connecting rod eye is present.
  • the transitions to the Hub thickenings 151 are rounded in each case.
  • the inner contour of the piston crown in the piston according to the invention differs significantly from the inner contour of conventional aluminum pistons, in which the piston crown is essentially plate-shaped and is rounded only in the transition to the top land and to the ring section carrying the piston rings.
  • r amax D / 2. 6 the elliptical hollow body on which this calculation is based is drawn with cross hatching.
  • both the piston crown thickness and the skirt wall thickness s can be selected at the lower limit of the specified design ranges.
  • the calculation of the section modulus of the piston crown can be done using the simplified formula W ⁇ 0.2 sD (D + 3C) be used.
  • Fig. 7 are by contours 116, which by Cross sections across the piston axis 114 arise that Transitional areas only indicated qualitatively.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Piston en carbone pour un moteur à combustion interne, en particulier pour camions et voitures particulières, avec une tête de piston (1), une couronne pare-feu (2), adjacente, axialement, à la tête de piston, une section de segment (3) et une jupe de piston (4) avec un alésage d'axe (5) pour loger un axe de piston, la paroi de la jupe (42) présentant des épaississements (51), opposés l'un à l'autre, sur la face interne de la jupe, par rapport à la configuration de l'axe (5), qui s'étendent dans la face inférieure (12) de la tête de piston, avec une courbure, caractérisé en ce que la face inférieure de la tête de piston forme, dans le secteur entre les épaississements de l'axe (51), indépendamment de la configuration de surface de la face supérieure de la tête de piston, une surface en voûte (12), qui se raccorde aux épaississements de l'axe au moins dans le secteur supérieur de l'alésage de l'axe (5), à l'occasion de quoi il est prévu
    a) que la face inférieure de la tête de piston forme une surface torique, dont l'axe est situé parallèlement à l'axe géométrique (53) de l'alésage de l'axe (5) ou
    b) que la face inférieure de la tête de piston forme une surface partielle d'un ellipsoïde de révolution, dont le grand axe principal (115) se situe à angles droits par rapport à l'axe du piston (114) et à l'axe géométrique (153) de l'alésage de l'axe (105) et forme l'axe de rotation.
  2. Piston selon la revendication 1, suivant l'alternative b), caractérisé en ce que l'axe de rotation contient le point d'intersection (M), entre l'axe du piston (114) et l'axe géométrique (153) de l'alésage de l'axe (105).
  3. Piston selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la surface de la face inférieure de la tête de piston passe de manière tangentielle dans les surfaces frontales planes, tournées l'une vers l'autre (55), des épaississements de l'axe (51).
  4. Piston selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la surface de la face inférieure de la tête de piston forme, avec les surfaces frontales planes, tournées l'une vers l'autre (55), des épaississements de l'axe (51) , une intersection et que l'intersection est arrondie.
  5. Piston selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la couronne pare-feu (2) possède une surface extérieure cylindrique circulaire.
  6. Piston selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la couronne pare-feu (2) présente une surface conique circulaire à titre de surface extérieure.
  7. Piston selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la surface enveloppante des surfaces extérieures de la section de segment (3) est une surface cylindrique circulaire pour des diamètres de piston allant jusqu'à 150 mm.
  8. Piston selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la surface d'enveloppe (41) de la jupe du piston (4) jusqu'à la section de segment est une surface conique, qui s'amincit vers le haut, avec un contour largement rectiligne.
  9. Piston selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la surface conique est ovale en coupe transversale, de telle sorte que le diamètre est, dans une direction transversale par rapport à l'axe géométrique de l'alésage de l'axe (53), supérieur de 0,04 - 0,09 % au diamètre dans une direction dans l'axe géométrique de l'alésage de l'axe.
  10. Piston selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le flanc inférieur de rainure présente, pour loger un segment racleur d'huile dans la section de segment (3), d'un côté des ouvertures de l'axe opposées l'une à l'autre (5), au moins une ouverture d'évacuation (32), qui se jète dans une poche d'huile (33) dans la surface d'enveloppe (41) de la jupe du piston (4).
  11. Piston selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'une ouverture d'évacuation et une poche d'huile sont prévues des deux côtés, à côté de chaque ouverture de l'axe.
  12. Piston selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que les poches d'huile évoluent en forme d'arc tout autour de l'ouverture de l'axe (5).
  13. Appariement piston / cylindre avec utilisation d'un piston en carbone selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le cylindre présente une surface de roulement en fonte grise et que le jeu de montage du piston à l'état froid est de 0,015 - 0,065 % du diamètre du piston.
  14. Appariement piston / cylindre avec utilisation d'un piston en carbone selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le cylindre présente une surface de roulement en métal léger et que le jeu de montage du piston à l'état froid est de 0,010 à 0,035 % du diamètre du piston.
  15. Appariement piston / cylindre avec utilisation d'un piston en carbone selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le cylindre présente une surface de roulement céramique et que le jeu de montage du piston à l'état froid est de 0,010 à 0,035 % du diamètre du piston.
  16. Appariement piston / cylindre selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé en ce que, pour un piston de forme ovale, le jeu de montage est déterminé transversalement par rapport à l'axe géométrique de l'axe du piston.
  17. Appariement piston / cylindre selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la surface de roulement en métal léger présente un revêtement en nickel, avec une proportion élevée de carbure de silicium ou un revêtement céramique.
  18. Appariement piston / cylindre selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la surface de roulement en métal léger est formée par une chemise du cylindre en matériau composite métal léger / céramique.
EP99960799A 1998-10-22 1999-10-21 Piston en carbone pour un moteur a combustion interne Expired - Lifetime EP1042601B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19848649 1998-10-22
DE19848649A DE19848649C5 (de) 1998-10-22 1998-10-22 Kohlenstoffkolben für eine Brennkraftmaschine
PCT/DE1999/003379 WO2000025012A1 (fr) 1998-10-22 1999-10-21 Piston en carbone pour un moteur a combustion interne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1042601A1 EP1042601A1 (fr) 2000-10-11
EP1042601B1 true EP1042601B1 (fr) 2004-07-14

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ID=7885251

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99960799A Expired - Lifetime EP1042601B1 (fr) 1998-10-22 1999-10-21 Piston en carbone pour un moteur a combustion interne

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6883418B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1042601B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002528669A (fr)
DE (2) DE19848649C5 (fr)
ES (1) ES2222045T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000025012A1 (fr)

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DE19848649C5 (de) 2008-11-27
WO2000025012A1 (fr) 2000-05-04
DE59909956D1 (de) 2004-08-19
US6883418B1 (en) 2005-04-26
EP1042601A1 (fr) 2000-10-11
JP2002528669A (ja) 2002-09-03
DE19848649A1 (de) 2000-05-04
ES2222045T3 (es) 2005-01-16
DE19848649C2 (de) 2000-09-07

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