Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
  • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
  • C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
  • C04B41/515—Other specific metals
  • C04B41/5155—Aluminium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
  • C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
  • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
  • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
  • C04B41/88—Metals
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
  • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
  • F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C43/006—Pressing and sintering powders, granules or fibres
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00362—Friction materials, e.g. used as brake linings, anti-skid materials

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a construction part of a ⁇ A ⁇ OSS / titanium composite material according to the preamble of claim 1, as is evident 196 05 858 Al from the class-forming underlying DE known.
• AI is known from DE 196 05 858 a process for producing a component made of an Al 2 ⁇ 3 / titanium composite ⁇ be known.
• the ceramic / metal composite material combines the property of the ceramic and the metallic phase and has ei ⁇ ne high strength and high fracture toughness.
• an initial mixture is formed which, inter alia, contains titanium in an oxidic compound.
• the titanium oxide can be reduced by means of aluminum with the simultaneous formation of aluminide and A1 2 0 3 .
• Ti0 2 is mentioned as the titanium oxide of the starting batch.
• a final molded body is pressed from the initial batch.
• the shaped body is transferred by thermal treatment at a transfer temperature into a sacrificial body, which is then infiltrated with liquid aluminum.
• the sacrificial body is sintered under pressure before being filled with aluminum.
• the Op ⁇ ferisson is tempered to a Be SheUungstemperatur which is above the melting temperature of aluminum and / or an aluminum alloy - being arranged - hereinafter referred to as simplified aluminum.
• the feed temperature is arranged below a reaction temperature at which a so-called SHS reaction takes place between the aluminum and at least one of the starting materials.
• An SHS reaction (seif propagating high temperature synthesis) is a reaction that runs very quickly above its reaction temperature, is highly exothermic and is at least almost uncontrollable.
• the sacrificial body is filled with aluminum under pressure. After filling, the filled sacrificial body is heated above the filling temperature to a reaction temperature above the filling temperature, an exchange reaction now taking place between the aluminum and the constituents of the sacrificial body, with the formation of an A1 2 Ü3 / titanium aluminide composite material.
• the sacrificial body is only partially converted into the Al 2 O 3 / titanium aluminide composite material. Furthermore, from DE 196 05 858 AI it can also be seen that a sacrificial body comprising Ti0 2 can only be completely filled with aluminum in some cases. Furthermore, such a sacrificial body can only be provided with a titanium aluminide phase only in exceptional cases, which would involve a high level of rejects.
• a method for producing a component from a metal / ceramic composite material in which a sacrificial body made of ceramic materials is filled with thermally softened metal - in particular aluminum - and / or with a metallic alloy.
• the filling temperature is arranged below a reaction temperature at which reaction temperature an exchange reaction takes place between a metal of the ceramic primary material and a metal of the filling metal.
• the filled sacrificial body is heated to the reaction temperature or above, as a result of which the exchange reaction just mentioned then takes place.
• a component is produced from the metal / ceramic composite material, which has a ceramic and a metallic phase with an intermetallic compound of the metal of the ceramic and the metal of the filling metal.
• the ceramic matrix is obtained during the filling and also during the subsequent exchange reaction between the introduced metal and the material of the sacrificial body.
• the pores of the sacrificial body are filled completely, so that when the substances in question are measured stoichiometrically, the component has reacted completely and free of cracks and channels.
• the filling metal is preferably aluminum and the metal of the ceramic titanium, so that after the preferred exchange reaction the ceramic phase has TiB x and / or TiC y and / or TiCN and A1 2 0 3 , the intermetallic compound of the metallic phase is a high temperature resistant titanium aluminide, especially TiAl.
• the material properties of this metal / ceramic composite are good.
• a metal / ceramic composite material which is produced with aluminum as the filling metal and Ti as the metal of the ceramic sacrificial body has a density of 3.4 g / cm 3 , this density being slightly higher than that of the so-called MMCs (metal matrix composites), but is only 42% of the density of comparable cast iron.
• the area of application of the component extends to at least 800 ° C., the values for gray cast iron being clearly exceeded.
• the metal / ceramic composite material produced is used in particular to produce friction rings for the friction surfaces of disc brakes. These friction rings are then attached to the brake disk cup using mechanical connection techniques such as spreader bars, etc.
• the starting materials of the sacrificial body must be heated, with a first exchange reaction taking place between the primary materials, in which high-quality and expensive primary materials are formed from the primary materials. the. After filling with the metal, the ceramic phase and the metallic phase are formed from these expensive primary materials and the metal, an exchange reaction being carried out again for this purpose, this time with the primary material and the filling metal.
• SHS reaction Seif propagating high temperature synthesis, means the ignition of a reactive mixture, the reaction maintaining itself and providing the desired ceramic matrix as reaction products).
• a component manufactured in this way sometimes has an unacceptable porosity, so that the rejection rate is high.
• the filling of sacrificial bodies with Ti0 2 as the primary material of the sacrificial body is very bad.
• WO 84/02927 discloses a process for the production of fiber-reinforced die-cast parts with aluminum in the so-called squeeze-casting process.
• a porous green body is first pressed from an initial mixture containing fibers, which is then filled with aluminum.
• a starting agent is added to the starting mixture, which is thermally removed when the green body is filled. Due to the presence of the pores and the strength of the binder, there is no or at most a negligible deformation of the green body instead.
• a chemical reaction between the filling aluminum and the starting materials of the green body does not take place here, so that the influence of such a reaction on the structure and shape of the later die-cast part is not known.
• the object of the invention is to further develop the previously known method in such a way that the production of components from a metal / ceramic composite material is simpler, faster and, in particular, cheaper and more economical in terms of energy technology, and that the volume of the composite body is reliable and largely as far as possible with titanium alu inide can be provided.
• reaction between the aluminum and the materials of the sacrificial body to form an Al 2 O 3 / titanium aluminide composite material of the starting materials can in particular be carried out in a single heating process.
• the reaction temperature is preferably below the filling temperature, preferably below the melting temperature of the aluminum and particularly preferably below 400 ° C. This reduces the energy requirement and also the production time required.
• the sacrificial body is heated to fill the sacrificial body with aluminum or with an aluminum alloy. Therefore, it makes sense to use Ti0 and C to produce the sacrificial body to be used, since the reduced titanium oxide TiO x (TiO, i 2 ⁇ 3 and / or Ti 3 0 5 ) can then be formed from possibly Ti0 2 and C during heating.
• a powdery ceramic starting mixture with carbon and Ti0 as well as with a binder and with a filler is mixed and then pressed.
• a low-temperature treatment under vacuum or protective gas in particular nitrogen or CO, between 350 ° C and 700 ° C, in particular at 400 ° C, in particular burns out the filler and possibly also the binder under vacuum or protective gas, with a porous and non-sintered pressure-stable and ceramic sacrificial body is created.
• thermogravimetric analysis (TG) is expediently carried out here, which serves to demonstrate that the binder and possibly also the filler have been completely removed.
• a precisely defined porosity, pore structure and strength can be set, which enables pressure infiltration of the sacrificial body with aluminum.
• One of the advantages of the invention is that in the entire production of a component from such a metal / ceramic composite material, that is to say starting from the production of the sacrificial body through the filling of the sacrificial body with aluminum to the formation of the composite material by the exchange reaction, no temperature steps above 800 ° C, especially above 700 ° C are required. On the other hand, this happens in a short time, especially the filling by die casting.
• the aluminum is converted to a high-temperature-resistant titanium aluminide. Very cheap raw materials are also used; the material price is currently around 4 DM per kg.
• titanium dioxide and graphite in particular are first mixed with one another in a defined stoichiometric ratio.
• binder preferably polyvinyl alcohol PVA and / or polyethylene glycol PEG
• a water-soluble powdery or fibrous organic filler preferably a celulose derivative, in particular celulose sulfate, is added to the mixture and likewise kneaded.
• the filler which is preferably added in powder form, has in particular an average grain size between 10 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, preferably 20 ⁇ m.
• the mixture is either dried or moist (residual moisture approx. 10-20% H20) uniaxially pressed at in particular 300 bar.
• the uniaxial pressing process is optionally followed by a further cold isostatic pressing process.
• the sacrificial body which is preferably pressed close to the final shape, is mechanically machined to its final dimensions and inserted into a die-casting mold for subsequent filling of the sacrificial body with liquid aluminum during the manufacture of the component.
• the strength, the modulus of elasticity, the porosity and the pore structure of the sacrificial body are important for filling with aluminum using the die casting process.
• These properties can be influenced by the choice of the binder, the fillers, the amount of filler and the pressing pressure.
• the particle sizes of the ceramic powder (Ti02 etc.) and the fillers are also included.
• TargetFill type of substance FS- Quantity Press particle size Print size
• the powder is pressed uniaxially at 30 MPa. This is followed by cold isostatic pressing at a pressure of 200 MPa.
• the sacrificial body is heated at 700 ° C under nitrogen for 1 hour (holding time at 350 ° C, heating rate 1 K / min), whereby all organic additives burn out without residue.
• the sacrificial body has a compressive strength of 7 MPa and a porosity of 49%.
• the pore diameters have a bimodal distribution in which a maximum is 0.1 ⁇ m and a maximum is 20 ⁇ m.
• Example 2 As in Example 1, except that the amount of celulose acetate is 20% by weight.
• Example 2 As in Example 1, except that 10% by weight of water is added to the mixture of TiO / C / PEG / CA before uniaxial pressing.
• Example 2 As in Example 1, except that 1% by weight of methyl cellulose is added to the mixture of TiO / C / PEG / CA before uniaxial pressing.
• Example 2 As in Example 1, except that the grain size of the Ti0 has an average diameter of 15 ⁇ m, which reduces the porosity to 47%.
• the compressive strength increases to 7.5 MPa.
• the sacrificial bodies are intended for subsequent pressure filling with aluminum. After filling, they are subjected to a temperature treatment below the melting point of the aluminum, as a result of which a component is made of a composite material which has, in particular, homogeneously distributed TiC, Al 2 ⁇ 3 uncj A ⁇ Ti.
• tribological systems are particularly suitable for producing friction surfaces of tribological systems or of engine components and / or of vehicle components and / or of brake discs and / or of friction surfaces for brake discs .
• tribological systems also include structural components in jet engines and engines, in particular plain bearings and cutting materials.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
• Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
• Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
• Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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• 1997
  • 1997-11-28 DE DE19752776A patent/DE19752776C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1998
  • 1998-11-03 BR BR9815057-0A patent/BR9815057A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-11-03 CZ CZ20001960A patent/CZ20001960A3/cs unknown
  • 1998-11-03 EP EP98958888A patent/EP1034151A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1998-11-03 CN CN98810381A patent/CN1276774A/zh active Pending
  • 1998-11-03 WO PCT/EP1998/006955 patent/WO1999028274A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-11-03 US US09/554,515 patent/US6322608B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-11-03 KR KR1020007002970A patent/KR20010024193A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-11-03 JP JP2000523177A patent/JP2002536538A/ja active Pending

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