EP0977003A1 - Procédé pour combattre au moins une cible aérienne au moyen d'un groupe de tir, groupe de tir comprenant au moins deux unités de tir et utilisation du groupe de tir - Google Patents

Procédé pour combattre au moins une cible aérienne au moyen d'un groupe de tir, groupe de tir comprenant au moins deux unités de tir et utilisation du groupe de tir Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0977003A1
EP0977003A1 EP99112909A EP99112909A EP0977003A1 EP 0977003 A1 EP0977003 A1 EP 0977003A1 EP 99112909 A EP99112909 A EP 99112909A EP 99112909 A EP99112909 A EP 99112909A EP 0977003 A1 EP0977003 A1 EP 0977003A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
units
unit
flight
target
Prior art date
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EP99112909A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nicolas Dr. Malakatas
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Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
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Oerlikon Contraves AG
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Publication of EP0977003A1 publication Critical patent/EP0977003A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/04—Aiming or laying means for dispersing fire from a battery ; for controlling spread of shots; for coordinating fire from spaced weapons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G5/00—Elevating or traversing control systems for guns
    • F41G5/08—Ground-based tracking-systems for aerial targets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for combating at least one flight target by means of a fire group according to the preamble of patent claim 1 , a fire group consisting of at least two fire units according to the preamble of patent claim 3 and the use of such a fire group according to the preamble of patent claim 7 .
  • fire fighting units are intended to combat units of mobile destinations, especially but not exclusively fast-flying ones Destinations that can fly to any elevation are understood.
  • Such fire units usually consist of a fire control device and at least two weapons together, with single and multi-tube guns and / or launching devices as weapons for missiles.
  • fire group two or more fire units are understood, which are within the same time period Surveillance of the same or adjacent areas of the airspace and to combat of the enemy flight destinations located therein.
  • Fire control devices of the type conventionally used as components of such fire units are used to find, acquire and track targets to be fought either one or more, suitable for different surveillance areas and alternative antenna systems.
  • a fire unit usually has in Use only with a single active antenna. This allows only a certain angular space are monitored, for example a near-earth area with low elevation or an area with large elevation, and moreover, the angular space that can be monitored in this way relatively small. This may result in flight targets being used to combat them the weapons of the fire unit would have a sufficient capacity by the associated one Fire control devices are not detectable; the fight against such flight targets fails then not due to the lack of usable weapons but the lack of sufficient airspace surveillance.
  • the search and acquisition of a flight destination by the fire control device an adjacent fire unit does not bring any improvement since this fire control device does not to control the weapons of the first fire unit is suitable because for the transmission of the corresponding Signals the facilities are missing.
  • Improve airspace surveillance and combat flight targets can be achieved by networking several fire units into a fire group.
  • a such networking can be done in different intensities or in different degrees will be realized.
  • the networking takes place in such a way that a selected fire unit or the fire control device this fire unit is the leader, that is, has a so-called 'master' function and takes over the majority of the calculations, while the remaining fire units or their fire control devices have so-called 'slave' functions.
  • the fire unit with the 'master' function tends to require more extensive electronics than the fire units with the 'slave' functions.
  • the object of the invention is therefore seen in finding a solution to the problem to network the fire units of a fire group in such a way that better airspace surveillance and exploitation of the capabilities of the weapons is achieved at the same time the effort for the facilities required in addition to the individual fire units and the vulnerability of the fire group should be minimized.
  • a major advantage of the fire group according to the invention is that it is vulnerable compared to the vulnerability of traditional networked fire units with one 'Master' unit and at least one 'Slave' unit is lower because of the fire units despite their coordinated activities are fundamentally equal and autonomous. Because falls one of the fire units, the size of the fire group is reduced, but its Mode of action remains basically the same; since no fire unit is a 'master' unit, there can be no failure of a 'master' unit.
  • the inventive networking of the fire units to form a fire group in which the Fire units are equal and autonomous, but act coordinated when deployed allows without increasing the vulnerability, as with conventional networked fire groups with a 'master' unit and several 'slave' units had to do a more efficient way of combating destinations than when deployed a fire group with the same number and type of fire units, but without networking the fire units that would be the case, on the one hand through an enlargement and completion of the monitored airspace by the fire control devices and on the other by exhausting the capacity and optimizing the use of weapons.
  • the entirety of the search area of the fire control devices of the fire group according to the invention is not greater than the sum of the search areas of the individual fire control devices, and the total number of weapons in the fire group exceeds the total number of weapons in the individual Fire units not. Nevertheless, the overall benefit of the fire group is much higher than the summed benefit of each fire unit.
  • the fire group according to the invention forms the autonomous, coordinated fire units a relatively less vulnerable fire unit combination with increased combat value.
  • a signal transmission device for the transmission of signals between the Fire control devices. be provided, the signal transmission in any way to Example using fixed or mobile lines as well as using wireless communication devices can be done.
  • the fire units networked in this way are related to airspace surveillance basically autonomous, yet they work in a coordinated manner; from any fire control device the search results of the antenna systems are also used to qualify the threat of the other fire control devices and the choice of weapons The flight targets to be combated take place on the one hand according to the overall threat and the usability of all weapons on the other.
  • Networked fire groups according to the invention can both by mobile, ie field flab weapons as well as by permanently installed, i.e. fortress flab weapons, and if necessary by a Combination of field flab and fortress flab weapons can be formed.
  • Existing fire units can be upgraded as a retrofit that they can be networked with the same or different fire units.
  • the control of the individual weapons is carried out electronically as usual, the corresponding one Electronics unit is essentially arranged in the associated fire control device, although in general the individual weapons also have weapon electronics.
  • the fire units networked to form the fire group are controlled - with the exception of certain ones Functions such as the choice or use of antennas, which may be manual happens - also automatically. Since, as just mentioned, every fire control device is over anyway has its own electronic unit, it is advantageous for the electronic device of the fire group to build on the basis of these electronic units; basically the hardware should of the electronic units for the fire group are sufficient so that they can only be replaced by one necessary software must be supplemented. But it is also possible as an additional facility not only the signal transmission device but also a central electronic part to provide, to expand, which partially or exclusively the electronic device the fire group has to form.
  • the purpose of connecting the fire units to the fire group is as above set out to use fire control devices and weapons in every threat situation, that the best possible overall fight against the flight results. This requires making appropriate decisions regarding the coordination of the deployment of the Weapons. The corresponding decisions can only be made sensibly if one Consistency regarding the basis for decision-making is available. With conventional networked fire groups with a 'master' unit is the achievement of the required consistency relatively easy.
  • the required consistency can only be achieved without an elaborate permanent Achieve data exchange when decision making is simultaneous, that is, if it is only initiated when the appropriate basis for decision-making is achieved a data transfer between the fire control devices has been provided; the data transfer refers to the partial decision bases available to the other fire control devices. This means that every fire control device has the ones it has Information is only used for decision-making when this information is also used the remaining fire control devices are also available.
  • each fire control device has an antenna device several antennas, in particular mostly a search antenna unit or search sensor unit and a slave antenna unit or a slave sensor is available.
  • the search antenna unit is used for the detection of flight destinations and can be designed so that they are permanently orbiting or changing the azimuth.
  • the following antenna unit is used for Acquisition and tracking of already detected flight destinations; it follows azimuth and Elevation of the flight destination and is used to measure the position of the flight destination.
  • Each search antenna unit has at least one search antenna.
  • Antenna types are known, which differ in particular in that the through them areas of airspace that can be swept are different; for example, there are antennas for near-earth areas or lower elevations and antennas for higher elevations.
  • With permanently installed fire control devices it can depend on the topographical conditions sufficient, a search antenna unit with a single, specifically tailored to the needs Provide search antenna.
  • Fire control equipment with search antenna units which several, different have search antennas that can be used, alternatively one of the search antennas being used can reach.
  • search antennas are based on tactical criteria, for example by the person responsible for the fire control system or independently in cooperation with an early warning system.
  • suitable search antenna units certain circumstances, for example the topography of the Surroundings of the fire group and the weapons available to the enemy or their approach elevation already stored in terms of basic or boundary conditions.
  • fire units networked according to the invention become fire groups used to combat air targets, although basically such networked fire groups could also be used to combat terrestrial targets.
  • combating air targets can be, for example, airplanes, drones or rockets act.
  • An essential purpose of the fire groups according to the invention is to create important ones Protect objects from attacks from hostile air threats.
  • the classification of the Protected objects according to their value or need for protection are based on strategic, tactical ones and / or political considerations. Generally considered important objects the fire groups themselves.
  • the number of combatable flight targets is equal to the number of fire units, then generally combat each firing unit against a flight target; is the number of combatable Destinations less than the number of fire units, so at least part of the destinations fought by more than one fire unit. Is the number of combatable flight destinations larger than the number of fire units, each fire unit will fight a destination, with one or more of the flight destinations remaining unaffected, namely those that were on are at least classified as threatening until one of the combatable flight destinations has become neutralized or cannot be combated.
  • the basis for the classification of flight destinations according to the threat they pose to the protected object represent, on the one hand, a theoretical threat definition, which in the Electronics is stored, and on the other hand, the data determined by the fire control devices regarding the flight targets in the monitored airspace and their movements.
  • Vulnerability can also be defined, particularly in the case of fixed fire groups own protection objects threatened by the flight destinations are included; so For example, flight destinations that threaten a fire group or a nuclear power plant are generally classified as particularly threatening.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a combination according to the invention of two fire units to form a fire group 10, which comprises the two networked fire units 12, 112 , each of which has a fire control device 14 or 114 and two weapons 16 or 116 .
  • the two fire units 12, 112 of the fire group 10 are formed by the same weapons 16, 116 and the same fire control devices 14, 114 , but different fire units can also be networked.
  • the fire units 12, 112 are networked by means of a signal transmission device 70, which need not be a material signal line, via the two fire control devices 14, 114 ; the arms 16 of the fire unit 12, for example, are so connected and directly with their own fire control 14 the fire control 114 of the other fire unit 112 indirectly through their own fire control 14th
  • the networking of the fire units 12, 112 to the fire group 10 by means of the signal line system 70 takes place according to conventional techniques and is therefore not described further.
  • FIG. 1B shows a fire group which, in addition to the signal transmission device 70 which connects fire control devices 14, 114 , has further signal transmission units 72, 172 with which the weapons 16, 116 are connected directly to the fire control devices of the other fire unit 112, 12 .
  • the electronics of the fire group 10 are decentralized and are formed by electronics units of the individual fire units 12, 112 . If in certain cases this decentralized electronics is not sufficient, additional electronics 71 can be provided, as is shown in the fire group according to FIG. 1C .
  • 1D shows a fire group 10 which is connected to an early warning system 80 ; the use of the antennas in particular can thereby be determined.
  • each fire control device 14, 114 has an antenna device 20 or 120 with a plurality of antennas.
  • a search antenna unit 22 or 122 is used to search for flight destinations, or changes the azimuth , and for the acquisition of the flight destination and for measuring the target position of the flight targets already detected by the rotating search antenna unit 20 or 120 , a subsequent antenna 24 or 124.
  • Each search antenna unit 22 or 122 comprises two search antennas 22.1, 22.2 or 122.1, 122.2, of which a search antenna is optionally used, ie after a tactical decision.
  • the training and the respective choice of the individual search antennas are determined depending on the topographical conditions and, if applicable, on the expected threat;
  • the first search antenna 22.1 or 122.1 is provided for monitoring the near-earth region of the air space and the second search antenna 22.2 or 122.2 for monitoring the higher region of the air space.
  • FIGS . 3A and 3B show the areas 30, 130 of the air space that can be covered by a search antenna of the two fire units 12, 112 .
  • Both fire units 12, 112 have a first antenna for ground-level airspace and a second antenna for higher elevations.
  • the antenna for the airspace near the ground is active; this can be used to paint over an area 30 .
  • the antenna is active for higher elevations; an area 130 can be covered with this.
  • 3C and 3D show the areas 30, 130, 230 of the air space which can be covered by the search antenna units of the two fire units 12, 112 and a third fire unit 212 .
  • all fire units 12, 112, 212 have a first antenna for airspace close to the ground and a second antenna for higher elevations.
  • the antenna for the airspace near the ground is active; this area 30 can be painted over.
  • the antenna is active for higher elevations; area 130 can be painted over with this.
  • the fire unit 212 also has the antenna active for higher elevations, but with a slightly different setting than the antenna of the fire unit 112.
  • FIG. 4 shows three fire units networked to form a fire group to protect a stationary protected object, for example an atomic power plant, against the effects of flight targets.
  • a stationary protected object for example an atomic power plant
  • Protected objects can also only be temporarily stationary or mobile to a limited extent.
  • the fire units themselves or certain sections of the terrain with combat lines can be designated as objects of protection.
  • FIG . 5 shows the fire group 10 with the three fire units 12, 112, 212, which are networked by means of the signal transmission device 70 .
  • the fire units 12, 112, 212 each include a fire control device 14 or 114 or 214 and two weapons 16 or 116 or 216.
  • the arrangement of the fire units is chosen as possible so that a protective object 1 to be protected by it is approximately in the same distance from each fire unit. However, topographical and tactical aspects must also be taken into account for the position of the fire units.
  • Each fire unit has its own electronics. The fire units are autonomous in the surveillance of the airspace, as well as in the qualification of the threat and the selection of the flight destination to be combated by them. The fire units nevertheless work in a coordinated manner, since each fire control device decides on the total amount of data available for the corresponding calculations, which provide information about the results of the search process for all antennas and the respective condition of the weapons.
  • each fire control device combats the flight target that it would fight even if it was not networked, and certain flight targets can only be found and fought by one fire unit. In many cases, however, flight targets are detected by two and less often by three fire units and can also be fought by two or three fire units. The results of the search antennas of all fire units are available to each fire unit for the threat qualification. Likewise, the selection of the flight target to be combated is made by each fire unit taking into account the respective condition of all weapons.
  • Each fire control device has, in addition to information about the search process of its antennas and about the condition of his weapons, also knowledge of all relevant results of the Searches the other antennas and the state of the directly connected to it Weapons.
  • Each fire control device are also all in through the signal transmission system the fire group existing data, newly determined by the antenna system, about the existing flight destinations, i.e. the destination information. The information from the Only then will each fire control device use its own antennas and weapons recovered when this information has been transferred to the other fire control devices Has. All fire control devices therefore have the information to be used at the same time, and make appropriate calculations based on this information not only according to the same logic, but also synchronously in front of it.
  • each fire control device decides based on the status information and the threat assessment based on the target information automatically determines which The aim is to fight through the weapons directly connected to him. This decision too the underlying logic can be understood by the other fire control devices and is billed by them when making their own decisions; the pursuit thus takes place in coordinated autonomy.
  • each fire control device makes a decision the threat qualification and the status information of the other fire control devices independent of what target his weapons will fight. The corresponding Decision logic can also be understood by the other fire control devices is taken into account by them when making their own decisions; the weapons are used in coordinated autonomy.
  • receiving, fire control devices occurs in the first, that is imitated in the sending fire control device, so that the The utilization of this data in the first fire control device only begins when the utilization also begins the data can begin in the other fire control devices.
  • the signal transmission system ensures that the time measurement of all fire control devices in the networked fire group matches All times are given in accordance with this time, called the standard time.
  • the fire control devices can alternatively in the states 'RESET', 'FEUERLETGERAETE-EINWEISUNG', 'INLET' or 'FOLLOW'.
  • 'RESET' state they are operational, the search antenna or one of the search antennas monitors the airspace, but that Straightener resting; the state 'RESET' lasts until the decision is made that Instruct the aiming device to a target lane.
  • the 'FIRE GUIDE INSTRUCTION' state the servo devices of the straightening devices are in a certain target position guided; the 'FIRE GUIDE INSTRUCTION' state continues until the servos have reached the mentioned target position, unless it is interrupted like the one below is described.
  • the servos become a specific one Movement while the following sensor or antenna tries to target the flight to detect; the 'INITIATION' state lasts until the next sensor on the The flight destination locks up, unless it finds an interruption of the state stall like this is described below.
  • the filtering of the target data runs around the To deliver setpoints for the control of the servos of the straightening devices, such that the following sensor remains aimed at the destination, so that target data is continuously supplied. Leave it two phases differ, namely a first phase to settle the Filters and a second phase from swinging in of the filters until the flight target is shot down.
  • a fire control device of a fire unit that fights a flight target is located in one of the 'INITIATE' or 'ACTIVATE' or 'FOLLOW' states.
  • the weapons of a fire unit can alternatively have the states 'READY', 'WEAPON READING' and take 'FOLLOW'.
  • the weapons are operational in the 'READY' state however, ammunition; they rest or are led to rest; the state 'READY' lasts until the decision is made to point the weapons at a destination.
  • the 'WEAPON ASSIGNMENT' state follows the 'READY' state just described; be there the servos of the weapons to the target movement state determined by the reserve calculation managed, but have not yet reached it; the 'WEAPON GUIDE' state lasts in case it is not interrupted for any reason, until the weapons servos have reached the state of motion mentioned.
  • the fire control device for each fire unit in the fire group is used for this insert permanently configured, in the sense that within the search antenna unit Search antenna is selected, which is the most suitable for the upcoming use.
  • the configuration also includes other selectable antenna-specific data such as, for example in the case of a fan beam antenna, the antenna tilt.
  • the fire group is then set up as follows: Each fire unit in the fire group receives an identification number identifying them.
  • each fire control device knows the position of its own coordinate system own weapons, the outline of the terrain with regard to your own position and position of the protected object, which is the same for the entire fire group.
  • Fire control device the configuration of the other fire control devices and, with regard to his own Coordinate system, the position of the other fire control devices.
  • Fire control device the outline of the site regarding the positions of the other fire control devices.
  • Each fire control device creates its own two-dimensional target tracks in use.
  • the target track is the drawing connection of points to a certain extent which the search antenna has determined a flight destination. In general, it is around target echoes, which are determined by the target measuring distance and the azimuth as well as the validity period of the Pass measurement. The target echoes are therefore generally not the same as one Flight destination completed trajectory, it could even consist of points from different flight destinations would be worthless in such a case; the creation such useless target tracks is indicated by the next but one section of this description measures practically prevented.
  • the target tracks are given a target track number in the order in which they started; each target track retains the target track number it received once until it disappears. At the Disappearance of target tracks remains target track numbers which no longer have a target track allocated and are therefore somewhat vacant. These vacant target track numbers will be reassigned or used to number new target tracks, the respective lowest free target track number is assigned first.
  • Target echoes are determined, which are assigned to the corresponding flight destination. As first crossing the target, the determination of a target echo is considered, which none assigned to the existing or upcoming target tracks can.
  • the created target track is continuously updated, either by recycling new incoming target echoes or by extrapolation calculations from the already received Target echoes.
  • New target echoes are assigned to target tracks that have already been created by correlating a received target echo with one calculated by extrapolation Position of the corresponding flight destination. If there is no new correlatable target echo, the state of the target track is updated by the extrapolated value.
  • a target track the creation of which is initialized or which already exists, is used in two cases deleted, namely on the one hand immediately after the start of their creation, if the search antenna none during a certain number of times the destination was crossed Can identify target echoes that can be assigned to this target track, and on the other hand at a later time if the search antenna is within a certain number of successive target overflows no target echoes determined that the already existing Destination Apur can be assigned.
  • the data fusion initializes or updates a fusion table.
  • the fusion table contains the destination number for each destination, the amount of correlated two-dimensional target tracks and, if there are any, the three-dimensional tracks Target dates.
  • As a set of two-dimensional target tracks all target tracks are designated a target, even if they are from several fire control devices or search antennas were determined.
  • An actual data fusion in the sense of a calculation always takes place when new two-dimensional target tracks or updates of target tracks arrive, while newly incoming three-dimensional target data are only registered.
  • Your age plays a role in the further processing of the two-dimensional target tracks.
  • the one is defined as the older one in which the difference between the current time and its validity period is greater. It is further defined that of two Target traces of the same age are those with the lower identification number of the fire control device the older one. If the same old target tracks have the same identification number of the fire control device, the target track that bears the lower target track number than called the older one.
  • the fusion table is initialized by the Target track numbers can be edited as follows: The oldest target track is in the fusion table entered and receives the target number 1. With the next younger target track is as follows Procedure: if it correlates with the oldest target track, it is assigned the same target number; if it does not correlate with the oldest target track, it receives the target number 2. With Further target tracks are handled accordingly, that is, the procedural steps repeated until all target tracks have been processed. However, a target track is always only then assigned to a specific destination number if it contains all the already correlated destination tracks correlated to the same target number.
  • target tracks can be deleted under certain conditions. Is if this is the case, the entry for the corresponding destination number will be deleted; this means but not necessarily that the destination number itself is also deleted, since the destination track of the investigation of a single fire control device originates, while the target number on the Investigations of several fire control devices can be based. However, all target tracks become one If the destination number is deleted, the destination is no longer valid and the destination number is deleted free for a new entry. Destination numbers that become free are occupied by entries that based on data from new or first incoming target tracks, the lowest free target number is filled again first.
  • each fire control device carries a threat qualification by, in each case for all target numbers listed in the fusion table.
  • Threat to a protected object from a flight destination is known when a two-dimensional one is known
  • Target track is a function of the distance and distance rate of the flight destination with respect to the Position of the protected object defined. If the target track or its most recent update is older is the time of threat qualification, distance and distance rate become Protected object determined by extrapolation from the previously known data of the target track. If a fire control device does not have a two-dimensional target track for the protected object distance and distance rate are determined by coordinate transformations from corresponding ones Data from other fire control devices calculated. The middle of the taken by the search antenna covered search area of the fire control device, which created the target track.
  • a target number contains three-dimensional but not steady target data, then the distance is calculated from these and the distance rate from the considered two-dimensional Target track used. If a target number is three-dimensional and steady Contains target data, the distance and the distance rate are calculated from these. If A target number is three-dimensional target data that is not steady but not two-dimensional Target tracks contains more, so the distance from the three-dimensional target data calculated and the last calculated distance rate used.
  • the maximum of the mass becomes the measure of the threat from a two-dimensional target apur the threat regarding the location of the fire control device and the others Fire control devices and the protected object defined.
  • a measure of the threat from a flight destination becomes the maximum of the mass of the threat with respect to all under the associated target number correlated target tracks defined.
  • the result of the threat qualification is registered in a threat table, in which the target numbers are entered according to the mass of their threat. Are after If two flight destinations are equally threatening in the above definitions, the flight destination that the carries a lower target number than the more threatening one defines.
  • a target number is replaced by another target number can only be displaced from its place if the displacing target number has a level of threat that is at least 20% higher than the level of Threat to the repressed target number.
  • each fire control device guides the selection of the target track for the straightener of its fire unit itself.
  • the procedure is as follows:
  • the fire control devices that are to participate in the fight are selected; only fire control devices in the 'RESET' state are suitable for this.
  • the number of selected Flight destinations correspond to a maximum of the number of selected fire control devices.
  • the fight the flight targets then take place in the order of their threat to the protected object, as listed in the threat table. Basically then Calculation of distances, and all fire control devices whose distance to the flight destination is a maximum Activation distance will not be used to combat this destination used.
  • the distances of the remaining fire control devices to the flight destination are according to their Size ordered, with the same distance to the fire control device of the fire unit is defined with the lower identification number as the lower one.
  • the fire control device In the first and in the second case the fire control device, whose distance to the flight destination is the longest, is used for fighting the destination is no longer used, and the corresponding procedural steps are with the next threatening flight destination, unless the fire control device with the longest Distance to the destination is the fire control device; then in the first case a so-called self-instruction using your own target track, and in the second case one so-called external instruction with the help of the youngest of all two-dimensional target tracks.
  • the Process steps up to self-instruction or external instruction are given for each of the selected ones Repeated flight targets to be repeated until the fire control device calculating a target assigned or all selected flight destinations have been processed. It is found that two fire control devices are fighting the same destination, the fire control device that whose fire unit bears the higher identification number, immediately in the 'RESET' state back.
  • a directional device only changes its destination if each fire control device is already fighting a destination and another, not yet combat destination exists, the threat of which is the threat of at least one of the already targeted flight destinations.
  • the decision whether a change of destination takes place should fall, the fire control device, which at the moment with the fight at least threatening flight destination, and it is this fire control device that unites you possible change of destination.
  • the decisive fire control device is located only in the 'INITIATION' or 'INLET' state, there is always a change of destination instead of; If the decisive fire control device is already in the 'FOLLOW' state, it finds also always a change of destination takes place, but which is triggered until the end of an already triggered Can delay the fire period.
  • the target selection for the weapons is made by the fire control device of your own fire unit, when the weapons are in the 'READY' state and can be combated in the fusion table Destinations are registered. Only targets that are three-dimensional, target data that has not settled or has settled. First those flight destinations and fire units are selected that take part in these procedural steps be involved, namely those fire units whose weapons are in the state 'READY' and those combatable destinations that are not yet from a fire unit of the fire group. Then the selection to be fought is made Destinations in the order of their threat to the protected object. Doing so started estimating the meeting point distance. All fire units, their meeting point distance the selection falls below a certain minimum distance.
  • the selection of the next threatening one begins immediately Destination.
  • the meeting point distances above the minimum distance are based on their Sorted in size, whereby with the same meeting point distances, the one with the lower fire unit identification number is defined as the shorter one. If the destination is a flight destination that is qualified as a large one, so those fire units from which from which the flight destination is invisible, no longer considered for its selection, and if this applies to all fire units in the fire group, the selection begins immediately the next threatening destination. It should be added here that the visibility is only through topographical obstacles can be restricted. If the meeting point distance of the Fire unit of the computing fire control device is the smallest, so the reserve calculation is made and the instruction of the weapons for the corresponding flight destination.
  • the destination is defined as being fought and the selection of the next threatening one begins immediately Destination.
  • the process steps just described are as long Repeated until the weapons of the fire control device are assigned a flight destination or until all flight destinations have been processed. It can also happen that all flight destinations were processed, no weapons were assigned to the weapons of the computing fire control device However, there are targets which can be combated, but which have not been combated. In In this case, the procedure is ignored regardless of the size of the flight destination or repeated without the condition of visibility, including all the remaining ones Fire units and all combatable, but not yet controlled flight targets.
  • the meeting point distance is estimated.
  • the meeting point distance between a flight destination and a weapon position is based on the location and speed of the flight target relative to the weapon position at the moment of calculating the meeting point distance. Simplifying becomes a constant Destination speed assumed.
  • the position and speed of the Flight destination are calculated either from non-settled three-dimensional Target data and the most recent two-dimensional target track or from steady three-dimensional Target dates. If necessary, extrapolation calculations can be made at the time of the Calculation of the meeting point distance and / or coordinate transformations instead.
  • the fire is triggered for a fire unit, the weapons of which fight a flight target finally, if the following four criteria are met: first, the target dates, which are used for the fire control, have settled. Second, they have to Fire unit weapons or at least two weapons in the 'FOLLOW' state his. Third, the mean of the meeting point distances of the weapons of the fire unit be less than or equal to the maximum possible meeting point distance. Fourth, the destination be visible from at least one of the weapons in the fire unit. As the maximum meeting point distance the meeting point distance is defined at which a neutralization of the Destination, that is, a mission is canceled, with a probability of 30%; this maximum meeting point distance is not absolute but depends on each flight destination its size and direction of flight relative to the weapons.
  • the fire is triggered by the fire unit. If after the Flight time of the last fired projectile the destination has not yet been inactivated fire started again. This repeats itself as long as the target has not become inactive and Target data is available.
EP99112909A 1998-07-31 1999-07-05 Procédé pour combattre au moins une cible aérienne au moyen d'un groupe de tir, groupe de tir comprenant au moins deux unités de tir et utilisation du groupe de tir Withdrawn EP0977003A1 (fr)

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CH161198 1998-07-31
CH01611/98A CH694382A5 (de) 1998-07-31 1998-07-31 Verfahren zur Bekämpfung mindestens eines Flugzieles mittels einer Feuergruppe, Feuergruppe aus mindestens zwei Feuereinheiten und Verwendung der Feuergruppe.

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FR2879730A1 (fr) * 2004-12-21 2006-06-23 Giat Ind Sa Procede de commande de ralliement d'un systeme d'arme d'une plate-forme de tir et plate-forme mettant en oeuvre un tel procede
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EP1371999A1 (fr) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-17 Oerlikon Contraves Ag Procédé et système de poursuite de cible
US6750806B2 (en) 2002-06-12 2004-06-15 Oerlikon Contraves Ag Method of tracking a target and target tracking system
EP1450125A1 (fr) * 2003-02-12 2004-08-25 Oerlikon Contraves Ag Procédé et dispositif pour combattre une cible
WO2005022070A2 (fr) * 2003-05-23 2005-03-10 Raytheon Company Sensibilisation situationnelle de limite d'integrite et ciblage d'arme
WO2005022070A3 (fr) * 2003-05-23 2005-09-01 Raytheon Co Sensibilisation situationnelle de limite d'integrite et ciblage d'arme
FR2873221A1 (fr) * 2004-07-16 2006-01-20 Dcn Sa Systeme de traitement et de gestion des informations tactiques d'evolution d'une plateforme de combat
FR2879730A1 (fr) * 2004-12-21 2006-06-23 Giat Ind Sa Procede de commande de ralliement d'un systeme d'arme d'une plate-forme de tir et plate-forme mettant en oeuvre un tel procede
EP1679483A1 (fr) * 2004-12-21 2006-07-12 Giat Industries Procédé de commande de ralliement d'un système d'arme d'une plate-forme de tir et plate-forme de tir mettant en oeuvre un tel procédé
WO2006126966A2 (fr) * 2005-05-25 2006-11-30 Bae Systems Bofors Ab Systeme et procede permettant d'afficher une cible
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US8624781B2 (en) 2005-05-25 2014-01-07 Bae Systems Bofors Ab System and process for displaying a target
DE102007013676A1 (de) 2007-03-19 2008-09-25 Oerlikon Contraves Ag Schutzvorrichtung für ein Lager oder dergleichen mit wenigstens einem zu schützenden Objekt und/oder Personen
EP2482026B1 (fr) 2011-01-26 2018-05-02 Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG Procédé de défense contre l'attaque d'un missile

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US6467388B1 (en) 2002-10-22
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