EP0862042B1 - Procédé pour la formation d'équipes d'artilleurs, installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et utilisation de cette installation - Google Patents

Procédé pour la formation d'équipes d'artilleurs, installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et utilisation de cette installation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0862042B1
EP0862042B1 EP97122621A EP97122621A EP0862042B1 EP 0862042 B1 EP0862042 B1 EP 0862042B1 EP 97122621 A EP97122621 A EP 97122621A EP 97122621 A EP97122621 A EP 97122621A EP 0862042 B1 EP0862042 B1 EP 0862042B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gun
projectile
inactivated
firing
fictive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97122621A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0862042A1 (fr
Inventor
Albin Vuichard
Herbert Weber
Bruno Emmenegger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
Original Assignee
Oerlikon Contraves AG
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Publication of EP0862042A1 publication Critical patent/EP0862042A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
    • F41G3/2605—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a view recording device cosighted with the gun
    • F41G3/2611—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a view recording device cosighted with the gun coacting with a TV-monitor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for training gun operating teams, a plant for performing the method and a use of the plant, respectively according to the preambles of independent claims 1, 5 and 13.
  • the term 'shooting error' means all of the Understand mistakes that the gun crew make, among other things Mistakes in judging and mistakes in timing of firing while the term 'shot error' means the placement or the minimum distance of a projectile from the Goal is understood. It is best for the gun crew to have the Shot errors are announced immediately after the triggering of a shot as the circumstances of judging and firing will be more accurate Are memory.
  • Mere loading and straightening exercises can be done by inactivating a gun or preventing firing.
  • a method and a device for inactivating a gun is described by FR-2 195 336 A.
  • the deactivation serves to avoid so-called 'friendly fire'. It is carried out internally by the gun commander when the target responds to a question signal emitted by the gun with an answer signal. However, the gun team is informed that no firing will take place.
  • the objects of the invention are thus seen in a method for the formation of Gun crews and a facility for performing this procedure propose which allow practice shooting in an environmentally friendly manner economical use of ammunition and in a realistic environment.
  • Another object of the invention is to advantageously use the to bring plant according to the invention in proposal.
  • the artillery crews are therefore trained at the same time several real guns, which generally aim and fire at the same target are.
  • individual guns can be deactivated externally be, neither the aiming process nor the triggering of the shot in any Way of changing. Deactivation of a gun is carried out by the gun crew didn't notice. As a result, every gun crew will will strive to optimally perform their task as they are not at the moment of aiming and firing the shot it is known whether their gun is deactivated or remains active.
  • the invention has particular advantages in the formation of gun teams Anti-aircraft guns and can be conveniently combined with a Implement the system in accordance with Swiss Patent Application No. 1997 0485/97. It describes like the temporal spatial trajectories on the one hand of the flight destinations and on the other hand the Projectiles, which are to be understood as ballistic and other projectiles, are determined and compared to each other to determine shot errors, and how these Gun errors are displayed or reported back to the respective gun operating teams become.
  • the fictitious time is now for each deactivated gun Missile trajectory of the projectile that was shot down without inactivating the gun would be determined in function of the result of the straightening process and with the real one temporal trajectory of the flight destination compared to deduce the shot error of the inactive To determine guns.
  • This type of fictional or simulated shooting with real ones Guns on conventional destinations are sometimes referred to as 'cold shooting'.
  • the gun operating teams Gunshot errors are displayed immediately after firing and at the gun, this is preferably also the case with the method according to the invention, although the detection of gunfire errors can also help to improve training, if it is only used by teaching staff as a measure of progress.
  • the best learning effect is achieved when the shot error is determined and displayed take place as soon as possible after the shots have been fired; it is therefore from Advantage, the determination of the shot errors in real time or at least in quasi real time and feedback to the gun crews at least in quasi-real time, within less than a minute, preferably before the next shot is fired or flight passage.
  • the system according to the invention has an inactivation device which is activated by a Command station is controlled to inactivate part of each gun, such that no shot is fired when the firing device is actuated after the aiming becomes.
  • the system is designed in such a way that it has devices for determining the spatial-temporal trajectory of the flight target and the temporal-spatial trajectory of the projectiles and for comparing these trajectories in order to determine the shooting errors of the non-inactivated guns, as is the case with the installation of the above several times mentioned CH patent application is the case.
  • the system according to the invention can have devices by means of which a fictitious temporal spatial trajectory of a projectile that is not fired, that is to say to some extent fictitious, is calculated for each deactivated gun, on the basis of the result of the straightening process.
  • This fictitious trajectory is also compared with the real trajectory of the destination in order to determine the shot error that would ideally have occurred if the deactivated gun had fired;
  • certain influences are not taken into account, for example the deviations of actual meteorological values from the entered values, in particular with regard to gusty wind and air pressure, furthermore the deviations of actual ammunition-related values from the entered values, in particular powder temperature and initial speed v o , as well as the deviation of the actual gun spread from the middle gun spread.
  • the system preferably has a display device to monitor the shot errors or the to display fictitious shooting errors.
  • the display device comprises several display units, so that if possible, a display unit is assigned to each gun and fire control device can be.
  • the learning effect for the gun operating teams is natural best if the system is equipped so that it has real-time devices and at least Contains quasi-real-time devices for determining and displaying the shot errors.
  • the system also preferably has a storage unit to store the shot errors save together with other data.
  • An operating device is preferably provided for the technical control of the system, on which the required data are entered via an input device can.
  • a further display unit is generally present on the operating device.
  • a flight target 10 and two guns 12, 12 ' are shown, which are intended for firing at the flight target 10 by means of projectiles, of which only one projectile 16 is shown.
  • the flight destination 10 is supposed to be a drag sack, so that shooting is carried out using the direct target method.
  • the system has only the two guns 12, 12 ' and that no fire control device is provided, although in reality a large number of the same or different guns, in modern weapon systems practically always with fire control devices a shooting exercise is involved, on the one hand to make the best possible use of the effort involved in providing the flight destination and on the other hand to make the shooting exercise as realistic as possible, since in an emergency, if possible, several guns are used at the same time.
  • the guns can also be flab armor guns that fire from fixed positions.
  • the system comprises an image capturing device; this is formed by two mutually spaced image acquisition units 14.1, 14.2 , one of which is shown in more detail in FIG. 4 .
  • the image acquisition units 14.1, 14.2 are directed towards an angular space region P containing the flight target 10 and the projectile 16 and serve to record image sequences or a film of the angular space region P with the flight target 10 and the projectile 16 fired by the gun 12 and to determine the respective position of the picture.
  • each of the image acquisition units 14.1, 14.2 has a sensor part with a camera as a sensor and a position measuring device in the manner of a theodolite, which detects an angle pair, usually an azimuth angle in a horizontal plane and an elevation angle.
  • the flight target 10 While in the direct target shooting described above with reference to FIG. 1 , the flight target 10 itself has to be hit, in the form of a drag sack or possibly a drone, the target 10 is a fictitious target in the case of offset target shooting or mirror shooting, namely the mirror image of a destination 10 '. to fire at the latter , which is generally a regular combat aircraft.
  • This real flight target 10 ' is located in an angular space area P' and is mirrored for the gun operating team, for example in an observation device with which the gun operating team observes the opposite angular space area P into which the gunfire is fired.
  • the principle of mirror shooting is shown in Fig. 2 and requires no further explanation.
  • two image acquisition units 14.1, 14.2 are provided, both of which are directed into the airspace region P in which the flight destination 10 and, in the relevant time interval, also the projectile 16 are located, and they are for the acquisition of the images and Both the destination 10 and the projectile 16 were responsible. 3, in which no second gun is shown, this is not the case; there, because the real flight destination 10 ' and the projectile 16 are located in mutually opposite airspace areas P' and P , two additional image acquisition units 14.3, 14.4 must be present.
  • the image acquisition units 14.1, 14.2 are only responsible for the projectile 16 , while the additional image acquisition units 14.3, 14.4 are responsible for the real aircraft 10 ' that is not to be bombarded , but not for the mirrored flight destination 10 to be bombarded.
  • Systems with four image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4 can also be used for direct target shooting without further notice; the image capture units 14.3, 14.4 are not necessarily used.
  • the system shown in FIG. 3 has a fire control device 18 .
  • the detection and tracking of the flight target 10 and the triggering of the shot are not carried out visually or manually by the gun operating team on the gun 12, 12 ' , but the gun 12, 12' is controlled automatically or with the support of the fire control device team from the fire control device 18.
  • the image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4 are first instructed with the aid of data entered on the approximate hit position, for example by the fire control device 18, and then controlled with data for tracking the flight destination 10 ' , which are supplied by the image acquisition units 14.3, 14.4 .
  • the image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4 are advantageously in operation at least up to the point in time at which the projectile 16 penetrates the current target level; that plane which extends perpendicular to the line of sight of the gun and which contains the flight target is defined as the target plane for the system according to the invention. Collapsible floors are preferably tracked at least until they are disassembled.
  • an image processing unit 20.1-20.4 is connected to each of the image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4 . Since these are high-precision devices, they are preferably not installed at the location of the image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4, but rather centrally at a protected location.
  • Each of the image processing units 20.1 to 20.4 serves to determine the respective position of the projectile 16 or of the flight target 10 or 10 ' within the image from the data transmitted to it by the connected image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4 .
  • the image processing units 20.1 to 20.4 are generally real-time devices.
  • the first computer unit 22.1 is connected to the image processing units 20.1 to 20.4 . It serves to 'values in question, a corresponding temporal spatial trajectory of the flying target 10 or 10' from the data supplied from the image processing units, the destination 10 and 10 to be calculated. This is done using computer-adapted triangulation methods.
  • the first computer unit 22.1 can also control the image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4 and the image processing units 20.1 to 20.4 ; at least in the cases in which the first computer unit 22.1 controls units which are real-time devices, the first computer unit 22.1 is also a real-time computer unit. Furthermore , the first computer unit 22.1 also serves to transmit the data of the image processing units relating to the projectile 16 to a second computer unit 22.2 .
  • the second computer unit 22.2 are from the 16 data relating to the image processing unit calculates the projectile two temporal plane trajectories of the projectile 16, and from these a temporal spatial trajectory of the projectile 16; then the determined temporal spatial trajectories of the flight target 10 or 10 ' and the projectile 16 are compared, the mirrored arrangement of the fictitious flight destination 10 relative to the data of the flight destination 10' recorded by the image acquisition units 14.3, 14.4 having to be taken into account when shooting at the target.
  • the second computer unit 22.2 is generally a quasi real-time computer unit.
  • the minimum distance of the temporal spatial trajectories of the flight target 10 or 10 ' and the projectile 16 corresponds to the shot error.
  • each gun 12 and possibly each fire control device 18 is assigned a display unit 24 , the design of which can be seen in FIG. 5 .
  • the display unit 24 is assigned a target assignment unit 24 ' , so that only one person has to be used to operate and monitor the two devices.
  • the display is preferably on-line. All display units 24 have the same hardware. They are designed as intelligent terminals and also take over the calculation of the directional errors of the guns 12. Furthermore, they contain the connection points between the fire control devices 18, the guns 12 and a general communication network. The results obtained during a flight passage can be called up on each display unit 24 of a gun 12 or a fire control center 18 until the next flight passage takes place.
  • the shot error of the deactivated guns 12 ' is determined in a corresponding manner, with the difference that instead of the real temporal spatial trajectories of the real projectiles 16 supplied by the image acquisition units 14.1, 14.2, the image processing units 20.1, 20.2 and the second computer unit 22.2 , a registration unit den Straightening process and the benchmarks of the inactive gun 12 ' registered. From the values that are determined by the position of the gun barrel at the moment of the fictitious launch, a fictitious trajectory is then calculated in a further computer unit, which is arranged in the area of a display unit 24 to be described for reasons of condition.
  • a purely ballistic calculation taking into account air pressure and temperature is advantageously not carried out, but further influencing variables, in particular wind direction and strength, are included.
  • the fictitious shot error is finally determined in a manner analogous to the real shot error, in that the actual trajectory of the flight target 10 or 10 ′ is compared with the fictitious trajectory of the non-fired projectile of the deactivated gun 12 ′ by the fictitious minimum distance between the real flight target 10 or 10 ' and the fictitious projectile.
  • a higher-level control point 28 is provided for the central management and monitoring of the target practice.
  • This is expressly a control point that can be used for teaching in connection with the system according to the invention and not a military command point as would be responsible for firing with the guns in an emergency.
  • it is advisable to arrange the control point 28 in a location with a good overview, for example on a tower, in the case of stationary systems.
  • the control point is equipped with a terminal for entering the data necessary for carrying out the target practice and with a display unit 24 .
  • the tasks of the control point 28 include the input of the data which designate the flight passages and the firing guns 12 .
  • control point 28 is responsible for complying with all security measures, for example for fire release or for fire barriers, if, contrary to expectations, missiles such as military or civil aircraft other than the planned flight targets 10 are in airspace area P.
  • control point 28 is also responsible for the control of the flight destination 10 or 10 ', and possibly several flight destinations, either - in the case of aircraft - in the form of instructions to the pilot or - in the case of drones - in the form of the control thereof.
  • control point is designed so that it deactivates individual guns 12 .
  • a communication network which also contains a communication computer 22.3 of the computer device, which thus comprises the three computer units 22.1, 22.2 and 22.3 .
  • a first communication part is shown by dash-dotted lines and connects the three computer units 22.1, 22.2, 22.3.
  • a second communication part is represented by double lines and establishes the connections between the communication computer 22.3, the display units 24, the guns 12 and the fire control devices 18 .
  • a third part of the communication is shown by solid lines and includes all other connections. Suitable conventional as well as light guides are used as conductors. Conductive transmission paths are shown by dashed lines and the trajectory of the projectile 16 by a dotted line.
  • evaluation device A Those components of the system which are referred to as evaluation device A are summarized in FIG. 6 by a dashed frame.
  • the evaluation device A can be decentralized.
  • the evaluation device A also includes an output device 30 for creating and outputting paper copies of the displayable and possibly further data.
  • FIG. 7A-7C show examples of representations on paper copies as they can also be visualized on monitors of the display units.
  • FIG. 7A shows a flight target in delta form in a coordinate network and a plurality of projectiles of a salvo as stars. The center of gravity of the projectiles is represented by a small, sharp circle at the delta wing tip lying on the left in FIG. 7A .
  • 7C shows the time course of the guide values, the curves representing the deviation of the guide values from the ideal value.
  • the upper curve concerns the azimuth, the lower curve the elevation.
  • the time at which the shot is fired is designated by F.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Electrically Operated Instructional Devices (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Feedback Control In General (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé de formation de servants de pièces sur au moins deux pièces (12,12') d'artillerie, chaque pièce (12,12') étant dirigée sur une cible, plus particulièrement une cible aérienne (10,10'), et un dispositif de déclenchement de tir étant ensuite actionné pour chaque pièce (12,12'),
    caractérisé en ce que
    avant l'actionnement du dispositif de déclenchement de tir, on peut choisir d'inactiver au moins l'une des pièces (12'), de façon télécommandée, à l'aide d'un poste de commande (28) externe à la pièce, afin d'empêcher l'émission de projectiles (16) lors de l'actionnement du dispositif de déclenchement de tir, de sorte que les servants de pièces ne savent pas encore, au moment du réglage et du déclenchement du tir, si leur pièce est inactivée ou demeure activée, au moins l'une des deux pièces faisant ainsi feu.
  2. Procédé conforme à la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la cible est une cible aérienne (10,10') dont la trajectoire temporelle est déterminée,
    on détermine la trajectoire temporelle du projectile (16) émis par la pièce (12) non inactivée,
    on enregistre la position de visée de la pièce inactivée (12') au moment de l'actionnement du dispositif de déclenchement de tir, à partir de laquelle on détermine la trajectoire fictive d'un projectile fictif,
    on compare les trajectoires de la cible aérienne (10,10') et du projectile (16) tiré par la pièce (12) non inactivée, et, à partir de cette comparaison, on calcule la distance minimale entre la cible aérienne (10,10') et le projectile (16), définie comme l'erreur de tir de la pièce (12) non inactivée, et
    on compare la trajectoire de la cible aérienne (10,10') et la trajectoire fictive du projectile fictif, et, à partir de cette comparaison, on calcule la distance minimale entre la cible aérienne (10,10') et le projectile fictif (16'), définie comme l'erreur de tir fictive de la pièce (12') inactivée.
  3. Procédé conforme à la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    on affiche, à proximité de chaque pièce (12,12'), l'erreur de tir de la pièce non inactivée (12) et l'erreur de tir fictive de la pièce inactivée (12').
  4. Procédé conforme à au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la détermination de l'erreur de tir comprend des opérations en temps réel et/ou des opérations en temps quasi-réel et que l'affichage des erreurs de tir se fait en temps quasi-réel.
  5. Installation destinée à la formation de servants de pièces sur au moins deux pièces (12,12') d'artillerie, conforme au procédé de la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    chaque pièce (12,12') possède un dispositif d'inactivation commandable à distance, pouvant être actionné par un poste de commande (28) externe à la pièce et dont l'actionnement n'est pas contrôlable à la pièce (12,12'), destiné à empêcher l'émission d'un projectile (16) par suite de l'actionnement d'un dispositif de déclenchement de tir, de sorte que les servants de pièces ne savent pas encore, au moment du réglage et du déclenchement du tir, si leur pièce est inactivée ou demeure activée, au moins l'une des deux pièces faisant ainsi feu.
  6. Installation conforme à la revendication 5,
    caractérisée en ce que
    elle comprend
    un dispositif d'enregistrement d'images (14.1 à 14.4) destiné à enregistrer une série d'images avec la cible aérienne (10,10') et le projectile (16),
    une unité de traitement des images (20.1 à 20.4) destinée à déterminer la position de la cible aérienne (10,10') ou du projectile (16) à l'intérieur de l'image,
    un premier ordinateur (22.1) servant à calculer une trajectoire spatio-temporelle de la cible aérienne (10,10'),
    un deuxième ordinateur (22.2) servant à calculer une trajectoire spatio-temporelle du projectile (16) et à déterminer la distance minimale entre la cible aérienne (10,10') et le projectile (16), définie comme l'erreur de tir de la pièce non inactivée (12),
    un dispositif d'enregistrement destiné à enregistrer le résultat du réglage de la pièce inactivée (12'),
    un autre ordinateur (24) servant à calculer une trajectoire spatio-temporelle fictive pour un projectile fictif de la pièce inactivée (12'), à partir du résultat enregistré du réglage de cette pièce (12'), et à comparer la trajectoire spatio-temporelle de la cible aérienne (10,10') avec la trajectoire spatio-temporelle fictive du projectile fictif, dans le but de déterminer la distance minimale entre la cible aérienne (10,10') et le projectile fictif, définie comme l'erreur de tir de la pièce inactivée (12').
  7. Installation conforme à au moins l'une des revendications 5 ou 6,
    caractérisée en ce que
    elle comprend un dispositif d'affichage (24) raccordé au deuxième ordinateur (22.2), destiné à afficher les erreurs de tir de la pièce (12,12').
  8. Installation conforme à au moins l'une des revendications 5 à 7,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le dispositif d'affichage est formé d'une unité d'affichage (24) pour chaque pièce (12,12'), destinée à afficher l'erreur de tir et, le cas échéant, d'autres données.
  9. Installation conforme à au moins l'une des revendications 5 à 8,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le dispositif informatique comprend des ordinateurs (22.1,22.3) fonctionnant en temps réel et des ordinateurs (22.2,24') fonctionnant en temps quasi-réel, et que le dispositif d'affichage (24) fonctionne en temps quasi-réel.
  10. Installation conforme à au moins l'une des revendications 5 à 9,
    caractérisée en ce que l'ordinateur (22.1,22.2,22.3) comporte une unité de stockage afin de mémoriser les erreurs de tir calculées et affichées.
  11. Installation conforme à au moins l'une des revendications 5 à 10,
    caractérisée en ce que
    elle comporte un dispositif de sortie (30) destiné à éditer des copies papier d'au moins une partie des données à afficher et, le cas échéant, des autres données.
  12. Installation conforme à au moins l'une des revendications 5 à 11,
    caractérisée en ce que
    elle comporte une unité de commande (26.1,26.2) destinée à la saisie des données.
  13. Utilisation de l'installation conforme à au moins l'une des revendications 5 à 12,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les erreurs de tir calculées de chaque pièce inactivée (12') et/ou de chaque pièce non inactivée (12') sont temporairement représentées avec d'autres données, définissant au moins le passage aérien et la pièce.
  14. Utilisation conforme à la revendication 13,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la représentation des données est faite sous forme graphique et/ou numérique.
  15. Utilisation conforme à au moins l'une des revendications 13 ou 14,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les données sont présentées sur un écran et/ou sur une feuille de papier.
  16. Utilisation conforme à au moins l'une des revendications 13 à 15,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les données contiennent une évaluation de l'erreur de tir et, le cas échéant, du processus de visée, calculée par un ordinateur d'analyse.
EP97122621A 1997-02-28 1997-12-22 Procédé pour la formation d'équipes d'artilleurs, installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et utilisation de cette installation Expired - Lifetime EP0862042B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH486/97 1997-02-28
CH48697 1997-02-28
CH48697 1997-02-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0862042A1 EP0862042A1 (fr) 1998-09-02
EP0862042B1 true EP0862042B1 (fr) 2001-08-29

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EP97122621A Expired - Lifetime EP0862042B1 (fr) 1997-02-28 1997-12-22 Procédé pour la formation d'équipes d'artilleurs, installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et utilisation de cette installation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0862042B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE204985T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2227824A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59704443D1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA981682B (fr)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2195336A5 (fr) * 1972-08-03 1974-03-01 Dassault Electronique
DE3069857D1 (en) * 1979-05-04 1985-02-07 Gunter Lowe Method of measuring shooting errors and shooting error measurement device for carrying out the method
DE59207452D1 (de) * 1991-08-20 1996-12-05 Guenter Loewe Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Schussfehlervermessung beim Schiessen auf ein Luftziel mittels einer Feuerwaffe

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DE59704443D1 (de) 2001-10-04
ZA981682B (en) 1998-09-04
CA2227824A1 (fr) 1998-08-28
EP0862042A1 (fr) 1998-09-02
ATE204985T1 (de) 2001-09-15

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