EP0862042A1 - Procédé pour la formation d'équipes d'artilleurs, installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et utilisation de cette installation - Google Patents
Procédé pour la formation d'équipes d'artilleurs, installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et utilisation de cette installation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0862042A1 EP0862042A1 EP97122621A EP97122621A EP0862042A1 EP 0862042 A1 EP0862042 A1 EP 0862042A1 EP 97122621 A EP97122621 A EP 97122621A EP 97122621 A EP97122621 A EP 97122621A EP 0862042 A1 EP0862042 A1 EP 0862042A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gun
- projectile
- fictitious
- flight
- inactivated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
- F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
- F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
- F41G3/2605—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a view recording device cosighted with the gun
- F41G3/2611—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a view recording device cosighted with the gun coacting with a TV-monitor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for training gun operating teams, a plant for performing the method and a use of the plant, respectively according to the preambles of the independent claims.
- the term 'shooting error' means all of the Understand mistakes that the gun crew make, among other things Mistakes in judging and mistakes in timing of firing while the term 'shot error' means the placement or the minimum distance of a projectile from the Goal is understood. It is best for the gun crew to have the Shot errors are announced immediately after the triggering of a shot as the circumstances of judging and firing will be more accurate Are memory.
- the objects of the invention are thus seen in a method for the formation of Gun crews and a facility for performing this procedure propose which allow practice shooting in an environmentally friendly manner economical use of ammunition and in a realistic environment.
- Another object of the invention is to advantageously use the to bring plant according to the invention in proposal.
- the artillery crews are therefore trained at the same time several real guns, which generally aim and fire at the same target are.
- individual guns can be deactivated such that neither the aiming process nor the triggering of the shot in any way thereby subject to change.
- the inactivation of a gun is carried out by the Gun crew not noticed.
- every gun crew will will strive to optimally perform their judging tasks, because at the moment of firing and firing the shot, they do not know whether their gun is deactivated or remains active.
- the invention has particular advantages in the formation of gun teams Anti-aircraft guns and can be conveniently combined with a Implement the system in accordance with Swiss Patent Application No. It describes like the temporal spatial trajectories on the one hand of the flight targets and on the other hand of the projectiles, what ballistic and other projectiles are to be understood, determined and to determine the shot errors and how these shot errors are compared displayed or reported back to the respective gun operating teams will.
- the fictitious time is now for each deactivated gun Missile trajectory of the projectile that was shot down without inactivating the gun would be determined in function of the result of the straightening process and with the real temporal The trajectory of the flight target compared to the missile of the inactive gun to determine.
- This type of fictitious or simulated shooting with real guns Conventional flight destinations are sometimes referred to as 'cold shooting'.
- the gun operating teams Gunshot errors are displayed immediately after firing and at the gun, this is preferably also the case with the method according to the invention, although the detection of gunfire errors can also help to improve training, if it is only used by teaching staff as a measure of progress.
- the best learning effect is achieved when the shot error is determined and displayed take place as soon as possible after the shots have been fired; it is therefore from Advantage, the determination of the shot errors in real time or at least in quasi real time and feedback to the gun crews at least in quasi-real time, within less than a minute, preferably before the next shot is fired or flight passage.
- the system according to the invention has an inactivation device which is activated by a Command station is controlled to inactivate part of each gun, such that no shot is fired when the firing device is actuated after the aiming becomes.
- the system is designed in such a way that it has devices for determining the spatial-temporal trajectory of the flight target and the temporal-spatial trajectory of the projectiles and for comparing these trajectories in order to determine the shooting errors of the non-inactivated guns, as is the case with the installation of the above several times mentioned CH patent application is the case.
- the system according to the invention can have devices by means of which a fictitious temporal spatial trajectory of a projectile that is not fired, that is to say to some extent fictitious, is calculated for each deactivated gun, based on the result of the straightening process.
- This fictitious trajectory is also compared with the real trajectory of the destination in order to determine the shot error that would ideally have occurred if the deactivated gun had fired;
- certain influences are not taken into account, for example the deviations of actual meteorological values from the entered values, in particular with regard to gusty wind and air pressure, furthermore the deviations of actual ammunition-related values from the entered values, in particular powder temperature and initial speed v o, as well as the deviation of the actual gun spread from the middle gun spread.
- the system preferably has a display device to monitor the shot errors or the to display fictitious shooting errors.
- the display device comprises several display units, so that if possible, a display unit is assigned to each gun and fire control device can be.
- the learning effect for the gun operating teams is natural best if the system is equipped so that it has real-time devices and at least Contains quasi-real-time devices for determining and displaying the shot errors.
- the system also preferably has a storage unit to store the shot errors save together with other data.
- An operating device is preferably provided for the technical control of the system, on which the required data are entered via an input device can.
- a further display unit is generally present on the operating device.
- a flight target 10 and two guns 12, 12 ' are shown, which are intended for firing at the flight target 10 by means of projectiles, of which only one projectile 16 is shown.
- the flight destination 10 is supposed to be a drag sack, so that shooting is carried out using the direct target method.
- the system has only the two guns 12, 12 ' and that no fire control device is provided, although in reality a large number of the same or different guns, in modern weapon systems practically always with fire control devices a shooting exercise is involved, on the one hand to make the best possible use of the effort involved in providing the flight destination and on the other hand to make the shooting exercise as realistic as possible, since in an emergency, if possible, several guns are used at the same time.
- the guns can also be flab armor guns that fire from fixed positions.
- Each gun 12, 12 ' has a remotely controllable inactivation device.
- the inactivated gun is considered to be the gun designated 12 ' , although it does not differ structurally from the active gun 12 and each of the guns 12, 12' can be deactivated in turn.
- the gun 12 ' is thus deactivated by remote-controlled actuation of the deactivation device. If the gun operator, who is not aware of the inactivation of their gun, then fires a shot or sheaf in the usual manner, no projectile will exit gun 12 ' .
- the function of the system is described with only one projectile 16 for the sake of simplicity, although in reality shots are generally not fired as individual shots.
- the system can also be used when missiles or missiles are fired. Projectiles that are frequently used are projectiles that can be dismantled, whereby the time of the dismantling can be fixed, fixed or controlled.
- the system is designed for firing tracer ammunition, since this makes it possible to work with a video camera instead of a more expensive FLIR camera.
- the system comprises an image capturing device; this is formed by two mutually spaced image acquisition units 14.1, 14.2 , one of which is shown in more detail in FIG. 4 .
- the image acquisition units 14.1, 14.2 are directed towards an angular space region P containing the flight target 10 and the projectile 16 and serve to record image sequences or a film of the angular space region P with the flight target 10 and the projectile 16 fired by the gun 12 and to determine the respective position of the picture.
- each of the image acquisition units 14.1, 14.2 has a sensor part with a camera as a sensor and a position measuring device in the manner of a theodolite, which detects an angle pair, usually an azimuth angle in a horizontal plane and an elevation angle.
- the camera and the position measuring device of the image acquisition units 14.1, 14.2 are synchronized, which means that an image is taken at the same time and the corresponding position of the image taken is measured by measuring the azimuth and elevation angle mentioned.
- the camera is a video camera, but can be replaced by a FLIR camera depending on the ammunition and visibility.
- the target 10 While in the direct target shooting described above with reference to FIG. 1 , the flight target 10 itself has to be hit, in the form of a drag sack or possibly a drone, the target 10 is a fictitious target in the case of offset target shooting or mirror shooting, namely the mirror image of a destination 10 '. to fire at the latter, which is generally a regular combat aircraft.
- This real flight target 10 ' is located in an angular space area P' and is mirrored for the gun operating team, for example in an observation device with which the gun operating team observes the opposite angular space area P into which the gunfire is fired.
- the principle of mirror shooting is shown in Fig. 2 and requires no further explanation.
- two image capture units 14.1, 14.2 are provided, both of which are directed into the airspace region P in which the flight target 10 and, in the relevant time interval, the projectile 16 are located, and they are for capturing the images and Both the destination 10 and the projectile 16 were responsible. 3 , in which no second gun is shown, this is not the case; there, because the real flight destination 10 ' and the projectile 16 are located in mutually opposite airspace areas P' and P , two additional image acquisition units 14.3, 14.4 must be present.
- the image acquisition units 14.1, 14.2 are only responsible for the projectile 16 , while the additional image acquisition units 14.3, 14.4 are responsible for the real aircraft 10 ' that is not to be bombarded, but not for the mirrored flight destination 10 to be bombarded.
- Systems with four image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4 can also be used for direct target shooting without further notice; the image capture units 14.3, 14.4 are not necessarily used.
- the system shown in FIG. 3 has a fire control device 18 .
- the detection and tracking of the flight target 10 and the triggering of the shot are not carried out visually or manually by the gun operating team on the gun 12, 12 ' , but the gun 12, 12' is controlled automatically or with the support of the fire control device team from the fire control device 18 .
- the image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4 are first instructed with the aid of data entered on the approximate hit position, for example by the fire control device 18 , and then controlled with data for tracking the flight destination 10 ' , which are supplied by the image acquisition units 14.3, 14.4 .
- the image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4 are advantageously in operation at least up to the point in time at which the projectile 16 penetrates the current target level; that plane which extends perpendicular to the line of sight of the gun and which contains the flight target is defined as the target plane for the system according to the invention. Collapsible floors are preferably tracked at least until they are disassembled.
- an image processing unit 20.1-20.4 is connected to each of the image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4 . Since these are high-precision devices, they are preferably not installed at the location of the image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4, but rather centrally at a protected location.
- Each of the image processing units 20.1 to 20.4 serves to determine the respective position of the projectile 16 or of the flight target 10 or 10 ' within the image from the data transmitted to it by the connected image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4 .
- the image processing units 20.1 to 20.4 are generally real-time devices.
- the first computer unit 22.1 is connected to the image processing units 20.1 to 20.4 . It serves to 'values in question, a corresponding temporal spatial trajectory of the flying target 10 or 10' from the data supplied from the image processing units, the destination 10 and 10 to be calculated. This is done using computer-adapted triangulation methods.
- the first computer unit 22.1 can also control the image acquisition units 14.1 to 14.4 and the image processing units 20.1 to 20.4 ; At least in the cases in which the first computer unit 22.1 controls units which are real-time devices, the first computer unit 22.1 is also a real-time computer unit. Furthermore , the first computer unit 22.1 also serves to transmit the data of the image processing units relating to the projectile 16 to a second computer unit 22.2 .
- the second computer unit 22.2 are from the 16 data relating to the image processing unit calculates the projectile two temporal plane trajectories of the projectile 16, and from these a temporal spatial trajectory of the projectile 16; then the determined temporal spatial trajectories of the flight target 10 or 10 ' and the projectile 16 are compared, the mirrored arrangement of the fictitious flight destination 10 relative to the data of the flight destination 10' recorded by the image acquisition units 14.3, 14.4 having to be taken into account when shooting at the target.
- the second computer unit 22.2 is generally a quasi real-time computer unit.
- the minimum distance of the temporal spatial trajectories of the flight target 10 or 10 ' and the projectile 16 corresponds to the shot error.
- each gun 12 and possibly each fire control device 18 is assigned a display unit 24 , the design of which can be seen in FIG. 5 .
- the display unit 24 is assigned a target assignment unit 24 ' , so that only one person has to be used to operate and monitor the two devices.
- the display is preferably on-line. All display units 24 have the same hardware. They are designed as intelligent terminals and also take over the calculation of the directional errors of the guns 12 . They also include the connection points between the fire control devices 18 , the guns 12 and a general communication network. The results obtained during a flight passage can be called up on each display unit 24 of a gun 12 or a fire control center 18 until the next flight passage takes place.
- the shot error of the inactivated guns 12 ' is determined in a corresponding manner, with the difference that instead of the real temporal spatial trajectories of the real projectiles 16 supplied by the image acquisition units 14.1, 14.2, the image processing units 20.1, 20.2 and the second computer unit 22.2 , a registration unit den Straightening process and the benchmarks of the inactive gun 12 ' registered. From the values that are determined by the position of the gun barrel at the moment of the fictitious launch, a fictitious trajectory is then calculated in a further computer unit, which is arranged in the area of a display unit 24 to be described for reasons of condition.
- a purely ballistic calculation taking into account air pressure and temperature is advantageously not carried out, but rather other influencing variables, in particular wind direction and strength, are included.
- the fictitious shot error is finally determined in a manner analogous to the real shot error, in that the actual trajectory of the flight target 10 or 10 'is compared with the fictitious trajectory of the non-fired projectile of the inactivated gun 12' by the fictitious minimum distance between the real flight target 10 or 10 ' and the fictitious projectile.
- an operating device 26 which has a first operating unit 26.1 for the first computer unit 22.1 and a second operating unit 26.2 for the second computer unit 22.2 .
- the control units 26.1, 26.2 comprise control panels with input devices, and each control unit 26.1, 26.2 is further assigned the display unit 24 already mentioned.
- data relating to the various guns or fire control devices of a battery can be called up on these display units 24 .
- a higher-level control point 28 is provided for the central management and monitoring of the target practice.
- This is expressly a control point that can be used for teaching in connection with the system according to the invention and not a military command point as would be responsible for firing with the guns in an emergency.
- it is advisable to arrange the control point 28 in a location with a good overview, for example on a tower, in the case of stationary systems.
- the control point is equipped with a terminal for entering the data necessary for carrying out the target practice and with a display unit 24 .
- the tasks of the control point 28 include the input of the data which designate the flight passages and the firing guns 12 .
- control point 28 is responsible for complying with all security measures, for example for fire release or for fire barriers, if, contrary to expectations, missiles such as military or civil aircraft other than the planned flight targets 10 are in airspace area P.
- control point 28 is also responsible for controlling the flight destination 10 or 10 ' , and possibly for several flight destinations, either - in the case of aircraft - in the form of instructions to the pilot or - in the case of drones - in the form of the control thereof.
- control point can be designed in such a way that it inactivates individual guns 12 .
- a communication network which also contains a communication computer 22.3 of the computer device, which thus comprises the three computer units 22.1 , 22.2 and 22.3 .
- a first communication part is shown by dash-dotted lines and connects the three computer units 22.1, 22.2, 22.3 .
- a second communication part is represented by double lines and establishes the connections between the communication computer 22.3, the display units 24 , the guns 12 and the fire control devices 18 .
- a third part of the communication is shown by solid lines and includes all other connections. Suitable conventional as well as light guides are used as conductors. Conductive transmission paths are shown by dashed lines and the trajectory of the projectile 16 by a dotted line.
- evaluation device A Those components of the system which are referred to as evaluation device A are summarized in FIG. 6 by a dashed frame.
- the evaluation device A can be decentralized.
- the evaluation device A also includes an output device 30 for creating and outputting paper copies of the displayable and possibly further data.
- FIG. 7A-7C show examples of representations on paper copies as they can also be visualized on monitors of the display units.
- FIG. 7A shows a flight target in delta form in a coordinate network and a plurality of projectiles of a salvo as stars. The center of gravity of the projectiles is represented by a small, sharp circle at the delta wing tip lying on the left in FIG. 7A .
- FIG. 7B shows a corresponding illustration during cold shooting, the flight destination 10 again being recognizable in delta form, fictitious projects 16 ′ as stars and their center of gravity as circle C.
- a large circle C ' indicates the area within which a certain degree of hit probability is achieved.
- 7C shows the time course of the guide values, the curves representing the deviation of the guide values from the ideal value.
- the upper curve concerns the azimuth, the lower curve the elevation.
- the time at which the shot is fired is designated by F.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Feedback Control In General (AREA)
- Electrically Operated Instructional Devices (AREA)
- Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH48697 | 1997-02-28 | ||
CH486/97 | 1997-02-28 | ||
CH48697 | 1997-02-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0862042A1 true EP0862042A1 (fr) | 1998-09-02 |
EP0862042B1 EP0862042B1 (fr) | 2001-08-29 |
Family
ID=4188117
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97122621A Expired - Lifetime EP0862042B1 (fr) | 1997-02-28 | 1997-12-22 | Procédé pour la formation d'équipes d'artilleurs, installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé et utilisation de cette installation |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0862042B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE204985T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2227824A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE59704443D1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA981682B (fr) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2195336A5 (fr) * | 1972-08-03 | 1974-03-01 | Dassault Electronique | |
EP0018673A1 (fr) * | 1979-05-04 | 1980-11-12 | Günter Löwe | Procédé pour mesurer des erreurs de tir et dispositif de mesure de ces erreurs pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé |
EP0529489A1 (fr) * | 1991-08-20 | 1993-03-03 | Günter Löwe | Procédé et installation de tir sur cible aérienne remorquée visant à mesurer la distance des impacts par rapports au but visé |
-
1997
- 1997-12-22 DE DE59704443T patent/DE59704443D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-22 AT AT97122621T patent/ATE204985T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-22 EP EP97122621A patent/EP0862042B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-01-23 CA CA002227824A patent/CA2227824A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1998-02-27 ZA ZA981682A patent/ZA981682B/xx unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2195336A5 (fr) * | 1972-08-03 | 1974-03-01 | Dassault Electronique | |
EP0018673A1 (fr) * | 1979-05-04 | 1980-11-12 | Günter Löwe | Procédé pour mesurer des erreurs de tir et dispositif de mesure de ces erreurs pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé |
EP0529489A1 (fr) * | 1991-08-20 | 1993-03-03 | Günter Löwe | Procédé et installation de tir sur cible aérienne remorquée visant à mesurer la distance des impacts par rapports au but visé |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59704443D1 (de) | 2001-10-04 |
CA2227824A1 (fr) | 1998-08-28 |
ZA981682B (en) | 1998-09-04 |
EP0862042B1 (fr) | 2001-08-29 |
ATE204985T1 (de) | 2001-09-15 |
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