EP0974702A2 - Selbstfahrende bodenbehandlungsmaschine - Google Patents

Selbstfahrende bodenbehandlungsmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0974702A2
EP0974702A2 EP99114174A EP99114174A EP0974702A2 EP 0974702 A2 EP0974702 A2 EP 0974702A2 EP 99114174 A EP99114174 A EP 99114174A EP 99114174 A EP99114174 A EP 99114174A EP 0974702 A2 EP0974702 A2 EP 0974702A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
soil
additive
processing
hopper
automotive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99114174A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0974702A3 (de
Inventor
Hisayoshi Hashimoto
Fujio Sato
Yasuharu Yamamoto
Toshikazu Murai
Tetsushiro Miura
Fumiki Nakagiri
Takami Kusaki
Satoshi Sekino
Kiyonobu Hirose
Yoshio Mizumo
Nobuo Ito
Hideki Fukuzawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd
Publication of EP0974702A2 publication Critical patent/EP0974702A2/de
Publication of EP0974702A3 publication Critical patent/EP0974702A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F7/00—Equipment for conveying or separating excavated material
    • E02F7/02—Conveying equipment mounted on a dredger
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/22—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for making embankments; for back-filling
    • E02F5/223—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for making embankments; for back-filling for back-filling
    • E02F5/226—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for making embankments; for back-filling for back-filling with means for processing the soil, e.g. screening belts, separators; Padding machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F7/00—Equipment for conveying or separating excavated material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F7/00—Equipment for conveying or separating excavated material
    • E02F7/06—Delivery chutes or screening plants or mixing plants mounted on dredgers or excavators

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a soil treating machine for use in treating soil for the purpose of strengthening foundation of a soft ground by improving soil construction or quality to suit a specific purpose of use, and more particularly to an automotive or vehicular soil treating machine which can travel on and along surfaces of a ground or terrain in the course of soil treatment therefor.
  • excavating a ground for example, for laying gas pipes, running water pipes or sewage pipes or for a road construction work or for other foundational work, it is the most desirable way to refill an excavated ground with removed soil without giving any treatment thereto.
  • excavated soil is found unsuitable for refilling. In such a case, it becomes necessary to discard excavated soil and to refill the excavated ground with soil of better quality or property.
  • excavated soil contains rocks, fragments of bricks or concrete and/or metallic or other foreign material in a large amount, prohibiting to use the soil for refilling purposes.
  • Typical of mixing machines which have thus far been employed in soil solidification treatments for mixing a soil improving agent or material into excavated soil are mixer type machines which is equipped with a rotary mixing means and crusher type machines with rotary crusher drums. More specifically, in the case of a mixer type machine, excavated soil is uniformly mixed with a soil improving material within a tank with a mixing means.
  • the mixing means is either a batch type having functions of agitating and mixing contents of a mixing tank or a screw type having functions of continuously feeding soil forward while mixing same with an added soil improving material for a continuous soil treating operation.
  • a soil processing plant of this sort usually includes, in addition to a soil processing unit and associated components like conveyers, an untreated soil depository yard for storing sand and soil to be processed and a treated soil depository yard for storing a soil product which has been treated with a soil improving material.
  • Sand or soil which requires a treatment usually occurs at road construction sites and in foundational ground work at building sites. The amount of sand or soil which needs a treatment varies considerably depending upon the scale and the number of ground work sites and also depending upon the frequency of such ground work.
  • the amounts of soil which is shipped to and from a soil treating plant vary over a wide range. Accordingly, as compared with a soil processing capacity of a plant, the amount of processing soil is sometimes too small and sometimes increases to such an extent as to cause overflowing from an untreated soil depository yard.
  • a soil treating machine of the other type that is, a crusher type soil treating machine is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Specification H9-195265.
  • This prior art soil treating machine is constructed as a vehicular or automotive type having a chassis on a crawler type base carrier. Mounted on the chassis is a soil crusher having a series of rotary crusher drums. In this case, excavated soil and an additive soil improving material are thrown into soil and additive hoppers, and fed toward the crusher drums by means of a feeder conveyer for transferring the charged soil and additive material toward the crusher drums. Treated soil is discharged out of the crusher by means of a discharging conveyer.
  • the crusher type soil treating machine can be transported to and operated at a foundational ground work site.
  • the machine is transported to a working site on a trailer truck through public roads which usually have a limit in height of vehicles.
  • the soil treating machine as a whole is limited in height. That is to say, there is a limit to the number of crusher drums in the machine and to the number of beating or crushing actions which are available during a mixing process.
  • the number of crusher drums in the soil treating machine has to be limited to three or so, which however is insufficient for crushing and mixing excavated soil and additive soil improving material uniformly to a satisfactory degree.
  • a ground refilled with a non-uniform mixture of soil and an additive soil improving material is likely to suffer from uneven sinking of its foundation.
  • a soil improving material has to be mixed into refilling soil at a wastefully high mixing ratio, which instead might cause the foundation to harden to an excessive degree and make it difficult to excavate the ground again in a later stage, for example, for a piping work or for other purposes.
  • the crusher type soil improving machine can find only limited applications.
  • the soil treating machine includes an upper rotary body which is rotatably mounted on a crawler type base carrier, a soil excavation means which is mounted on the upper rotary body, and a soil processing trough which is internally provided with a mixing means and located between the two crawler belts of the base carrier.
  • Excavated soil is fed to the soil processing trough a soil hopper which is provided on top of and at one end of the soil processing trough, while a soil improving material is fed to the soil processing trough from the upper rotary body.
  • Soil is mixed with additive soil improving material by the mixing means within the soil processing trough and discharged through a soil discharge section which is provided at the other end of the soil processing trough.
  • This prior art machine can produce soil of far higher quality as compared with the crusher type soil treating machine, but still has a problem in that, in order to retain the functions as a power shovel, the soil processing trough has to be located in an extremely limited space on the side of the base carrier. Therefore, this machine is suitable for use in treating a relatively small amount of soil at a foundational ground work site but unsuitable for applications which require to treat a large amount of soil efficiently within a short period of time in soil processing plants of larger scales as mentioned hereinbefore.
  • the present inventors conducted an extensive study in an attempt to develop a soil treating machine which can mix soil and an additive soil improving material uniformly to produce a soil product of high quality efficiently at low cost and on a large scale, while suppressing traffic problems such as environmental pollution by dump trucks, and as a result succeeded in achieving the present invention on the basis of the following findings.
  • a soil processing plant with a fixed soil processing system or equipments can produce soil of high quality on a large scale but involves high soil transportation costs in addition to difficulties of maintaining a suitable operational efficiency as compared with its capacity.
  • the difficulty of securing a suitable place for installation of large soil processing equipments could be overcome to some extent by effective use of a limited space.
  • a soil processing plant does not require a large space for its soil processing facilities as long as its service is limited to a particular area or areas. Further, in collecting and processing excavated soil, one and same depository yard can be used firstly for storing shipped-in processing soil and then for storing a processed soil product to be shipped out. By utilizing a space of soil processing facilities effectively in this manner, the space factor itself can be improved to a considerable degree. Therefore, from the standpoint of reducing transportation costs and preventing environmental pollution by dump trucks, it is more advantageous to provide a soil processing plant of relatively small size at an increased number of locations in or in the neighborhood of specific service areas.
  • the mechanical efficiency of a soil treating machine can be improved to a conspicuous degree by providing a soil treating network system covering a number of small-scale soil treating yards equipped with relatively simple facilities and located in various locations in a number of neighboring service areas, each yard being arranged, for effective use of a space allotted thereto, using one soil depository space both for untreated soil to be shipped in and for a treated soil product to be shipped out, and an automotive soil treating machine which can be sent to one of the soil treating yards as soon as its soil depository yard becomes full of untreated soil.
  • a soil treating machine to be used for this purpose should have a self contained mobile soil treating system preferably of compact construction. Besides, the machine should be able to produce soil of good quality in a stable manner, and have a capacity of processing a large amount of soil efficiently within a shortened period of time.
  • a solidifying agent such as lime, cement or the like
  • an automotive soil treating machine which essentially comprises: a main frame mounted on an automotive drive means and providing thereon at least a soil feeding stage, a soil processing stage and a soil discharging stage; the soil feeding stage including at least a soil hopper and an additive hopper for supplying processing soil and an additive soil improving material to the soil processing stage; the soil processing stage including a soil processing trough of generally cylindrical shape mounted on the main frame and having an inlet opening on an upper side of a front end portion thereof to receive processing soil and additive soil improving material therethrough, and an outlet opening on a lower side of a rear end portion thereof, and a rotary mixing means rotatably supported within the soil processing trough and adapted to transfer soil and additive soil improving material substantially horizontally through the processing trough while mixing same uniformly with each other; and the soil discharging stage including a soil discharging conveyer adapted to receive processed soil through the outlet opening of the soil processing trough and transfer same in a pre
  • the rotary mixing means is constituted by a rotary paddle mixer having a plural number of rotary paddle assembly units, each having a plural number of mixing paddles attached on a rotational shaft in a predetermined pitch.
  • two or three rotary paddle assembly units are extended axially through the soil processing trough, and preferably the rotational shafts of the respective rotary paddle assembly units are adapted to rotate in an opposite direction relative to an adjacently located paddle assembly unit.
  • one of the rotational shafts of said rotary paddle assembly unit is driven from a hydraulic motor and rotationally coupled with a rotational shaft or shafts of other rotary paddle assembly units or unit.
  • the rotational shafts of the rotary paddle assembly units are supported in bearings in front and rear end portions thereof, and, for smooth transfer of soil and additive soil improving material through the processing trough, the inlet and outlet openings of the soil processing trough are located between the paddle unit bearings.
  • the above-mentioned soil processing trough is arranged to have a total length approximately three times as large as an axial pitch of paddles on the rotational shafts of the rotary paddle assembly units of the paddle mixer.
  • paddles are preferred to be arranged to have a diameter corresponding to 1/3 of the total length of the soil processing trough.
  • the soil feeding stage may employ a feeder conveyer which is adapted to receive processing soil and additive soil improving material from the soil hopper and the additive hopper, respectively, and to feed received soil and additive material to the inlet opening of the soil processing trough.
  • the feeder conveyer is arranged to have a sloped transfer surface to transfer the received soil and additive material in an obliquely upward direction toward the inlet opening of the soil processing trough, and the soil hopper is located over an upstream end of the transfer surface of the feeder conveyer while the additive hopper is located over the transfer surface on a downstream side of the soil hopper.
  • the discharging conveyer is adapted to transfer processed soil in an obliquely upward direction from a position under the outlet opening of the soil processing trough, and provided with an inwardly foldable extension at an upper end thereof
  • a machine chamber can be located over a rear end portion of the soil processing trough with the outlet opening.
  • the automotive soil treating machine may further include a soil feed measuring means for measuring an amount of processing soil supplied from the soil hopper.
  • the additive hopper may be adapted to be able to adjust a feed rate of the additive soil improving material in relation with a soil transfer rate measured by the soil feed measuring means for maintaining a constant mixing rate of the additive soil improving material to processing soil.
  • the soil hopper is located over one end of the soil processing trough to supply processing soil directly thereto, and the additive hopper is arranged to supply additive soil improving material to the soil processing trough from a position on the rear side of and at a predetermined distance from the soil hopper.
  • an additive feed rate control means may be provided on the additive hopper to adjust an additive feed rate to the soil processing trough, in combination with a rotational speed sensor which is adapted to detect rotational speed of the paddle mixer rotational shafts, permitting the additive feed rate control means to adjust the feed rate of the additive material in relation with the rotational speed of the paddle mixer rotational shafts.
  • the soil processing trough is provided with a gate for controlling a soil feed rate.
  • the additive hopper may include a rotary type quantitative feeder which is driven from a variable speed electric motor to function as an additive feed rate control means. In this case, the rotational speed of the variable speed electric motor is adjusted by a controller using a signal from the rotational speed sensor of the paddle mixer rotational shafts as a control signal.
  • Figs. 1 to 3 Shown in Figs. 1 to 3 is an automotive or vehicular soil treating machine according to the present invention.
  • base carrier of the machine which is of a crawler type vehicle having crawler belts 1a in the manner well known in the art. Since the base carrier 1 is a crawler type, it can prevent the machine as a whole from being destabilized, for example, by impacts of load when excavated soil is thrown into the machine.
  • the base carrier may be a wheel type vehicle in case arrangements are made to charge excavated soil continuously by the means of a conveyer or the like.
  • a soil feed stage 3 mounted on a main frame 2 of the base carrier 1 are a soil feed stage 3 on its front portion, a left-hand portion in Fig. 1, and, a soil processing stage 4 which is positioned behind the feed section 3. Further, a soil discharge stage 5 is provided behind the soil processing section 4. The soil discharge stage 5 is extended obliquely upward from a lower position of the processing stage 4.
  • a machine chamber 6 which houses mechanical components such as engine, hydraulic pump, directional change-over valve unit etc.
  • the machine chamber 6 is mounted on support posts 6a which are erected on the main truck frame 2.
  • the soil feed stage 3 includes, along with a feed mechanism for excavated soil and additive soil improving material, a metering mechanism for measuring soil feed rate. Further provided in the soil feed stage 3 is a feeder conveyer 10 which transfers soil and additive soil improving material toward the processing stage 4.
  • a soil hopper 20 is located over the feeder conveyer 10 at an upstream position in the transfer direction of the feeder conveyer 10, and an additive hopper 30 is located at a position rearward of the soil hopper 20. Soil feed rate is measured by the feeder conveyer 10, and an additive feed rate through the additive hopper 30 is adjusted according to a measured soil feed rate.
  • the feeder conveyer 10 is supported on an extension frame 7 which is projected forward of the main truck frame 2.
  • the extension frame 7 is sloped upward from its fore end, which is at the lowest level, to its rear end which is connected to the main truck frame 2. Accordingly, the feeder conveyer 10 which is supported on the extension frame 7 is sloped upward from its fore end to its rear end.
  • the fore end of the feeder conveyer 10 is positioned at the lowest operative level, which is higher than treading surfaces of the crawler belts 1a but lower than the main truck frame 2.
  • the feeder conveyer 10 is provided with a carrier belt 11 of an endless shape (indicated by imaginary lines) formed of a rubber sheet or a similar material which can flex itself to a certain degree depending upon the weight of an applied load.
  • a conveyer frame which rotatably supports rotational shafts 13a and 14a transversely at its opposite ends for a drive roller 13 and a driven or follower roller 14, respectively.
  • the endless carrier belt 11 is passed around the drive roller 13 and follower roller 14.
  • the rotational shaft 13a of the drive roller 13 is coupled with a hydraulic motor 15. Accordingly, as the rotational shaft 13a is rotationally driven by the hydraulic motor 15, the carrier belt 11 is turned by the drive roller 13 in the direction indicated by an arrow in Fig. 4.
  • a load carrying surface of the carrier belt 11 Provided on and along the opposite sides of a load carrying surface of the carrier belt 11 are guide plates 16, which have the respective upper ends projected above the load carrying surface of the carrier belt 11 by a predetermined length. These guide plates 16 function as blocking walls which prevent heaps of soil on the carrier belt 11 from overflowing to the lateral sides of the transfer path. Further, a number of guide rollers 17 are provided under the carrier belt 11 at predetermined intervals in and along the transfer path.
  • the rotational shaft 14a of the follower roller 14 is connected to the conveyer frame 12 not directly but indirectly through a tension adjustor means 18 which functions to maintain a constant tension in the carrier belt 11.
  • the tension adjustor means 18 includes a tension detector means thereby to adjust the tension of the carrier belt 11 to a predetermined value.
  • the soil hopper 20 is constituted by a box-like frame structure which is open on the upper and lower sides thereof. As shown particularly in Fig. 5, the soil hopper 20 consists of an upper frame section 20a which receives soil from above, and a lower frame section 20b which supplies soil to the feeder conveyer 10. The upper frame section 20a of the soil hopper 20 is diverged toward its upper open end so that soil can be smoothly thrown into the hopper 20. On the other hand, the lower frame section 20b is converged toward its open bottom end through which soil is fed to the feeder conveyer 10. More specifically, toward the bottom end, the lower frame section 20b is converged to a width as large as or slightly smaller than that of the carrier belt 11 of the feeder conveyer 10. The soil hopper 20 is fixedly retained on the main truck frame 2 through a frame member 8.
  • a sieve means 21 such as a sieving plate or a grating plate, for example, is provided in the upper frame section 20a of the soil hopper 20 thereby to sieve out foreign matter.
  • the sieve means 21 may be provided fixedly at the mouth of the upper frame section 20a of the soil hopper 20, or may be adapted to be vibrated within the upper frame section 20a by the use of a vibrational drive means.
  • the upper open end of the upper frame section 20a, which is fitted with the sieve means 21, is inclined to one side.
  • the soil which has been thrown into the soil hopper 20 is allowed to drop on the carrier belt 11 of the feeder conveyer 10 by gravity through the lower frame section 20b, and fed forward by the carrier belt 11. It is not necessarily a mandatory requisite, but it is desirable to adjust the feed rate of soil by the carrier belt 11 and to suppress fluctuations in the soil feed rate as much as possible, for the purpose of mixing an additive soil improving material at a constant mixing ratio on the basis of the soil feed rate as will be described hereinlater.
  • a gate 22 is provided at an exit at the bottom end of the soil hopper 20.
  • the gate 22 has an open gate area of a height which limits the height of soil leaving the hopper 20 up to a level not exceeding the upper projected ends of the guide plates 16. Accordingly, as the carrier belt 11 is put in motion, soil is transferred onto the carrier belt 11 in a thickness as preset by the height of the gate 22.
  • a leveler roller 24 with claws 23 is rotatably supported on the outer side of the gate 22 thereby to level the top side of soil being fed forward past the gate 22. Consequently, soil is transferred forward by the carrier belt 11 constantly in a predetermined height or thickness.
  • the hopper 30 for an additive soil improving material is fixedly retained in position on the main truck frame 2 by means of posts 9, and arranged as shown particularly in Figs. 6 to 9.
  • various additive materials can be blended into soil depending upon the purpose of use. For instance, for producing soil to be refilled into an excavated ground or to be used for improvement of a foundational, lime and cement are mixed into soil along with other additives if necessary.
  • Different additive soil improving materials are used according to the purpose of use, for example, for improving clay soil, for imparting cushioning properties to a ground or for improving soil of an agricultural field.
  • the additive hopper 30 is largely constituted by an additive reservoir portion 31 and an quantitative feeder 32.
  • the reservoir 31 includes an upper section 31b of a rectangular box-like shape and a lower cylindrical section 31a.
  • the upper rectangular box-like section 31b is provided with a lid 33 which is constituted by a couple of hinged lid plates 33a.
  • the lid plates 33a can be swung open away from each other in outward directions and retained in upwardly spread positions by suitable stoppers.
  • An additive soil improving material is supplied to the hopper 30 from a flexible container bag 34 which is filled with an additive soil improving material and placed in the upper rectangular box section 31b of the reservoir 31 through and between the upwardly spread lid plates 33a.
  • An upwardly projecting cutter blade 35 is provided at the bottom of the upper box section 31.
  • the lower cylindrical section 31a is communicated with the quantitative feeder section 32. Therefore, the additive soil improving material in the lower cylindrical section 31a of the reservoir 31 is allowed to flow into the quantitative feeder section 32 through the aperture 36.
  • the aperture 36 is arranged to have a relatively small open area as compared with the whole sectional area of the lower cylindrical section 31a. Therefore, if the additive soil improving material is supplied to the quantitative feeder section 32 by the gravitational flow alone, its smooth supply to the quantitative feeder section 32 could be hindered by a bridging phenomenon.
  • a cross-rod turning gate 37 is provided at or in the vicinity of a bottom portion of the lower cylindrical section 31a of the reservoir 31.
  • the cross-rod turning gate 37 is coupled with and rotationally driven from a hydraulic motor 38 which is provided on the lower side of the lower cylindrical section 31a. As the turning gate 37 is put in rotation, soil in the bottom portion of the cylindrical section 31a is agitated and urged to flow into the quantitative feed section 32 smoothly without stagnations.
  • the quantitative feed section 32 includes a casing 40 which has a width substantially same as that of the carrier belt 11 of the feeder conveyer 10.
  • an additive feed port 41 in the form of a slot having a length substantially corresponding to or slightly smaller than the width of the carrier belt 11.
  • the additive material which has been sent into the quantitative feed section 32 from the reservoir 31 is added, through the additive feed port 41, to the soil which is being transferred by the carrier belt 11.
  • the feed section 32 may be arranged to supply an additive material to a center portion of the carrier belt 11.
  • the feed rate of the additive soil improving material from the quantitative feed section 32 is adjustable. More particularly, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, lower end portions of the casing 40, which led to the above-mentioned additive feed port 41, are enclosed by arcuate walls 40a on the front and rear sides thereof, and a quantitative feeder 42 is rotatably mounted between the arcuate walls 40a.
  • the quantitative feeder 42 is constituted by a rotational shaft 43 horizontally passed through lower end portions of the casing 40, and a number of radial partition walls 44 which are provided at predetermined angular intervals (at intervals of 90 degrees in the particular embodiment shown) around the circumference of the rotational shaft 43 in such a way as to define a V-shaped quantitative metering container 45 between the adjacent partitions walls 44.
  • the width of the additive feed port 41 is substantially as large as or slightly narrower than the intervals between the outer ends of the adjacent partition walls 44.
  • the arcuate walls 40a form at least an arc of 90 degrees or more.
  • the four partition walls 44 which constitute the quantitative metering containers 45 are turned around the rotational shaft 43, with the respective outer ends in sliding contact with the arcuate walls 40a. Accordingly, the arcuate walls 40a function to cut out excessive soil from the respective quantitative metering containers 45.
  • the quantitative feeder 42 which is in the position of Fig. 8, for example, is shifted to the position of Fig. 8 to supply a predetermined quantity of soil, which corresponds to the inner volume of each quantitative metering container 45, onto the carrier belt 11 of the feeder conveyer 10. Therefore, the feed rate of the additive soil improving material from the quantitative feed section 32 can be adjusted by varying the operating speed of the rotational shaft 43.
  • an output shaft of an electric motor 46 which is mounted on the casing 40 on the outer side of the casing 40 is coupled with the rotational shaft 43 through a power transmission means 47 such as a transmission belt or the like.
  • the feed rate of the additive soil improving material is varied according to the feed rate of soil which is transferred by the carrier belt 11 of the feeder conveyer 10.
  • the amount of soil which is transferred by the carrier belt 11 is adjusted to some extent by the gate 22 and the leveler roller 24 which function to level off the height or thickness of the soil layer on the carrier belt 11 but are unable to keep a constant soil transfer rate accurately. Therefore, a soil feed measuring means 50 is provided on the feeder conveyer 10 for the purpose of detecting the amount of soil which is transferred by the carrier belt 11. More particularly, the soil feed measuring means 50 is adapted to detect the weight of soil which is transferred by the carrier belt 11, and arranged as shown in Figs. 10 and 11 in construction.
  • indicated at 51 are a pair of rollers which are supported fixedly in spaced positions on the conveyer frame 12 and are caused to roll about themselves by abutting contact with the back side of the moving carrier belt 11.
  • a soil feed measuring zone is defined between these fixed rollers 51.
  • the soil feed measuring zone includes a weight measuring roller 52 which is located approximately in an intermediate position between the two fixed rollers 51 and in abutting contact with the back side of the carrier belt 11. In this instance, the weight measuring roller 52 detects the degree of flexure of the carrier belt 11 which is made of a flexible material and flexes itself downward according the weight of loaded soil as described hereinbefore.
  • the weight measuring roller 52 is mounted on one end portion of a rocking plate 54 which is rockably supported on the main frame 12 through a bearing member 53. Connected to the other end of the rocking plate 54 is a load sensor 55 having a load cell or the like as a weight measuring means. Accordingly, when the running carrier belt 11 is loaded with a pile of soil, it is caused to sink down by flexure under the weight of the piled soil as soon as it comes to the soil feed weight measuring zone between the fixed rollers 51. As a result, the weight measuring roller 52 is pushed down in the direction of arrow D in Fig.
  • the amount of soil which is transferred by the carrier belt 11 can be measured on the basis of detection signals by the load sensor 55.
  • the transfer distance of the carrier belt 11 which serves to feed excavated soil and additive soil improving material can be shortened if the soil hopper 20 and the additive hopper 30 are located as close to each other as possible.
  • the soil feed measuring means 50 is provided between the hoppers 20 and 30 as described above, the length of the carrier belt 11 is required to have an increased length.
  • the carrier belt 11 there is no necessity for the carrier belt 11 to have a conspicuously increased length because both of the soil hopper 20 and the additive hopper 30 have a predetermined volume and therefore allow to make a space for the soil feed measuring means 50 under the carrier belt 11.
  • the soil layer on the carrier belt 11 is leveled off to a predetermined height or thickness by the gate 22 and the leveler roller 24, the soil feed measuring means 50 may be omitted in case little space is available for its installation.
  • the soil processing trough 60 is largely constituted by a main body 60a which is provided with an opening on the top side over a predetermined range, and a lid member 60b which detachably fixed to the main body to close the top opening.
  • the main body 60a is fixedly mounted on top of the main truck frame 2.
  • the machine chamber 6 which is located over the lid member 60b is not in contact with the latter. Accordingly, the lid member 60b can be removed or separated from the main body 60a which is mounted in an operative position on the main frame 2.
  • the soil and additive soil improving material which have been transferred by the carrier belt 11 are supplied to the soil processing trough 60 from above to undergo a mixing or blending process within the latter.
  • the feeder conveyer 10 normally needs to be located in a high position over the processing trough 60.
  • the soil hopper 20 would have to be located in a far higher position which is inconvenient for throwing in excavated soil.
  • the feeder conveyer 10 is supported on the sloped extension frame 7 which is projected obliquely downward from the main truck frame 2. With this arrangement, the upstream end of the feeder conveyer 10 as well as the soil hopper 20 is located in a low position at which excavated soil can be thrown in an extremely facilitated manner.
  • the soil processing trough 60 is in the form of a rectangular box-like container which is substantially horizontally mounted on the main truck frame 2 to extend in the longitudinal direction of the latter.
  • the soil processing trough 60 is provided with swing doors 61 on its outer lateral side.
  • the soil processing trough 60 is provided with an inlet frame 62 hedging an inlet opening on the upper side of its front end portion, and an outlet frame 63 hedging an outlet opening on the bottom side of its rear end portion.
  • a couple of paddle mixers 64 are extended through the soil processing trough 60 in parallel relation in the longitudinal direction.
  • Each paddle mixer 64 is constituted by a rotational shaft 65, and a large number of paddles 66 which are intermittently planted on the rotational shaft 65 as agitating or mixing members at a predetermined angle with the longitudinal axis of the latter.
  • each paddle member 66 includes a support rod 66a which is securely fixed to the rotational shaft 65, and a paddle plate 66b which is fixed to the support rod 66a by bolts 66c. Accordingly, each paddle 66 can be easily replaced when worn out or damaged.
  • the respective paddles 66 are turned around the rotational shafts 65 within the soil processing trough 60, so that the soil and the additive soil improving material which have been introduced into the processing trough 60 are tumbled and uniformly mixed with each other and at the same time transferred toward the outlet opening in a rear end portion of the trough 60.
  • the processing trough 60 is internally provided with a couple of paddle mixers 64.
  • the soil processing trough 60 may be provided with a larger or smaller number of paddle mixers or mixer depending upon its dimensions in width and height.
  • the soil processing trough 60 may employ a smaller number of paddle mixer or mixers of a larger size having a larger radius of rotation.
  • the soil processing trough 60 is of a shape which is smaller in height but larger in width, it is preferred to employ a larger number of paddle mixers side by side in the transverse direction. Accordingly, the number of the paddle mixers 64 which can attain the highest mixing efficiency is determined in relation with the size of the soil processing trough 60 which is in turn determined by the width of the main truck frame 2 and the height of the machine as a whole.
  • each paddle mixer 64 The opposite ends of the rotational shaft 65 of each paddle mixer 64 are rotatably supported in bearings 67 and, as shown in Fig. 13, the fore end of the rotational shaft 65 is extended into a housing of a trough drive section 68 which is provided adjacently at the front end of the soil processing trough 60.
  • Mounted on front end portions of the respective rotational shafts 65 are transmission gears 69 which are meshed with each other.
  • One of the transmission gears 69 is meshed with a drive gear 71 which is mounted on an output shaft of a hydraulic motor 70. Accordingly, upon rotationally actuating the hydraulic motor 70, the respective rotational shafts 65 which carry the paddles 66 are rotated simultaneously in opposite directions.
  • a guide plate 72 attached to the bottom of the soil processing trough 60 is a guide plate 72 thereby to prevent soil and additive soil improving material from stagnating in lower corner portions of the processing trough 60.
  • the guide plate 72 is provided with a perforation in its rear end portion to receive the outlet frame 63 of the processing trough 60.
  • the paddles 66 are provided along the entire length of each one of the rotational shafts 65 of the paddle mixers 64s, which is disposed in a mixing zone between the inlet and outlet frames 62 and 63 of the soil processing trough 60. Accordingly, the bearings 67 which support the opposite ends of the rotational shafts 65 are mounted in positions anterior to the inlet frame 62 but posterior to the outlet frame 63. As a consequence, soil and additive soil improving material which are supplied through the inlet frame 62 are mixed with each other smoothly in an assured manner while being transferred at a constant speed toward the outlet frame 63 at the rear end of the processing trough.
  • improved soil which consists of a uniform mixture of excavated soil and the soil improving material is produced and discharged through the outlet frame 63 of the trough 60.
  • the improved soil is dropped by gravity onto a discharging conveyer 73 which is located beneath the outlet frame 63.
  • the soil receiving end of the discharging conveyer 73 is located in a lower position than the outlet frame 63 which is provided on the lower side the soil processing trough 60.
  • the discharging conveyer 73 is set in a sloped position, rising obliquely upward toward the other delivering end. This is because it will become difficult to pile up the treated soil into a large heap if the conveyer is set in a horizontal position.
  • the product soil which consists of a uniform mixture of soil and additive soil improving material comes out in nodulized forms.
  • the angle of inclination of the conveyer is limited to a certain range. This means that, for piling up the improved soil product, the length of the soil discharging conveyer 73 has to be elongated to some extent. In this regard, the total length of the soil treating machine can be reduced by making a rear or outer end portion of the discharging conveyer 73 foldable.
  • the discharging conveyer 73 should be arranged to have a folding point at a position which is lower than the highest point of the soil treating machine as a whole, more specifically, at a position lower than the upper end of the additive hopper 30.
  • the soil discharging conveyer 73 is constituted by a fixed conveyer portion 73a which is fixedly supported on the main truck frame and extended out in an obliquely upward direction from beneath the soil processing trough 60, and a foldable conveyer portion 73b which is pivotally connected to the upper end of the fixed conveyer portion 73a through a link mechanism 74 and foldable in the arrowed direction in Fig. 1.
  • the foldable conveyer portion 73 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder or other suitable drive means to and from an operating position indicated by a solid line and a folded position indicated in phantom.
  • FIG. 16 Shown schematically in Fig. 16 is a soil improving operation in a soil treating yard of a small scale, using the vehicular soil treating machine of the above-described construction.
  • a heap or heaps of untreated soil which had been collected beforehand.
  • untreated soil is thrown into the soil hopper 20 of the machine to start a soil treating operation.
  • a hydraulic power shovel PS can be used as means for throwing untreated soil into the soil hopper. Accordingly, a heap of collected soil on a yard can be processed into a product of improved quality by the use of the vehicular soil treating machine and the hydraulic power shovel PS.
  • untreated soil is scooped up by a bucket of the hydraulic power shovel successively from one end of the hand thrown into the soil hopper 20 of the soil treating machine.
  • an additive soil improving material is supplied from the additive hopper 30 and poured on surfaces of the soil on the conveyer 10.
  • the soil and additive soil improving material are dropped into the soil processing trough 20 through the inlet frame 62 of the processing trough, and uniformly mixed with each other by the mixing actions of the paddle mixers 64 while being transferred toward the outlet frame 63 of the processing trough 20.
  • a soil product for example, of a nodulized form, which is improved in quality and consisting of a uniform mixture of excavated soil and additive soil improving material.
  • the improved soil product which comes out through the outlet frame 63 is heaped up at a predetermined place on the yard by the discharging conveyer 73.
  • the heap of untreated soil on the yard is gradually consumed to open up a space which can be used for piling the improved soil product. Therefore, most of the spaces in the soil treating yard can be used as a depository place for both untreated soil which has been collected from ground work sites and for improved soil which is continuously produced by the soil treating operation. This is an ideally effective use of limited yard spaces, and made possible by the use of the vehicular soil treating machine with the base carrier 1. By operating the base carrier 1, the soil treating machine can be moved on the yard in step with regressions of depository areas of untreated soil.
  • a sorting mechanism 75 is added as shown in Fig. 16.
  • the sorting mechanism 75 is of a portable type and largely constituted by a sieve 76 and a conveyer 77.
  • the sieve 76 is of a predetermined mesh size and preferably vibrated to pass grains which are smaller than a predetermined size, for example, smaller than 13mm, 20mm or 25mm.
  • the improved soil of a grain size which can pass through the sieve 76 is further transferred by the conveyer 77 and piled in a predetermined depository place.
  • the improved soil of a larger grain size which cannot pass through the sieve 76 is also improved in quality by the coagulative hardening process, and therefore can be used as a foundational refill as it is or after a further classification in grain size.
  • the sieve means 21 of the soil hopper 20 is provided for this purpose.
  • substantially soil alone is fed into the soil hopper 20, while foreign matter which cannot pass through the sieve means 21 is caused to slide down along the inclined top surface of the sieve means, thereby precluding the possibilities of foreign matter blocking the soil charging operation.
  • the mixing ratio of soil to additive soil improving material is adjusted accurately to maintain the degree of consolidation of soil in a predetermined range.
  • consolidative effects of an additive soil improving material vary depending upon the properties of soil to be treated. Accordingly, it is desirable to determine the most desirable mixing ratio by prior experiments.
  • the mixing ratio of soil to additive material may be either a ratio by volume or a ratio by weight. Nevertheless, it is preferable to determine a weight ratio, taking influential factors such as soil density and viscosity into consideration.
  • the soil feed measuring means 60 is adapted to measure the weight of soil which is supplied from the soil hopper 20.
  • This soil feed measuring means 50 is arranged to directly detect the weight of soil which is transferred on the feeder conveyer 10, from the load which is exerted on the weight measuring roller 52.
  • the additive soil improving material it is suppled to the feeder conveyer 10 from the additive hopper 30 at a position downstream of the soil feed measuring means 50.
  • the feed rate of the additive material can be adjusted by varying the rotational speed of the quantitative feeder 42 of the quantitative feed section 32.
  • the electric motor 46 is controlled according to a signal from the load sensor 55 adjusting rotational speed of the quantitative feeder 42 and varying the feed rate of the additive soil improving material in such a way as to maintain a predetermined mixing ratio even if there were fluctuations in soil feed rate by the feeder conveyer 10.
  • the quality of a treated soil product greatly depends upon to what degree soil and additive material are mixed with each other within the soil processing trough 60.
  • the soil processing trough 60 which is internally provided with the paddle mixers 64 can mix soil and additive soil improving material uniformly to a sufficient degree.
  • the processing trough 60 is provided with a couple of paddle mixers 64 which are arranged to rotate in opposite directions as indicated by arrows in Fig. 15.
  • the charged soil and additive soil improving material are inceimpulsly tumbled up and down and chopped into pieces substantially in every part within the entire length of the trough by shearing and mixing actions of the turning paddles 66 which are attached to the rotational shafts 65 of the paddle mixers 64, and as a result formed into a uniform mixture.
  • the mixture of soil and additive soil improving material under the mixing actions of the paddles 66 are transferred forward substantially in the horizontal direction toward the outlet frame 63 of the trough 60 since the respective paddles 66 are attached obliquely relative to the axes of the rotational shafts 65.
  • the mixture of soil and additive material are transferred smoothly at a constant speed since there are no obstacles like bearings between the inlet frame 62 and outlet frame 63 of the soil processing trough 60.
  • soil of very inferior quality can be processed into a soil product with a quality suitable for an intended purpose of use.
  • the soil processing trough 60 is arranged to treat soil in a substantially closed space, precluding the possibilities of soil and additive material scattering around while undergoing agitating and mixing actions of the paddles 66.
  • Soil and additive soil improving material should be retained in the processing trough 60 for a time length which is necessary for the paddles 66 of the paddle mixers 64 to shear soil and to mix soil and additive soil improving material to a sufficient degree and in an efficient manner.
  • a sufficient residence time can be secured, for example, by increasing the length of the processing trough 60 or by setting a suitable transfer speed through adjustments of inclination angle of the mixing paddles 66, without increasing in particular the height of the processing trough 60.
  • the efficiency of shearing and mixing actions of the mixing paddles 66 can be lowered in case soil sticks to the paddle surfaces.
  • the paddles 66 of one of the paddle mixers 64 are extended between the paddles 66 of the other paddle mixer 64, in such a way that the paddles 66 of the two paddle mixers 64 are turned substantially in alternately overlapped positions when seen in the axial direction of the rotational axes 65. Therefore, the soil which has stuck on surfaces of the paddles 66 of one paddle mixer 64 in operation is scraped off by the paddles 66 of the other paddle mixer 64 which are in rotation in the opposite direction. Therefore, due to this self-cleaning action, the paddles 66 are less unsusceptible to degradations in mixing efficiency as caused by sticking soil.
  • the lid 60b can be removed to open up the top side of the trough body 60a or the side doors 61 on a lateral side of the trough body 60a can be opened wide, so that sticking soil, if any, can be removed from the paddles 66 in an extremely facilitated manner.
  • This arrangement also permits easy maintenance of the processing trough 60. Namely, the paddles 66 can be retained in smoothly and efficiently operative conditions by carrying out maintenance and service of this sort at a suitable frequency. When the paddles 66 have worn out by frictional contact with soil after use over an extended period of time, worn-out paddle portions 66b can be easily replaced by removing the bolts 66c.
  • untreated soil to be supplied to the soil processing trough 60 is of low viscosity, it should be retained in the processing trough 60 for as long a time period as possible in moderately agitated conditions for the purpose of encouraging reactions between soil and additive soil improving material. Accordingly, at the time of treating soil of low viscosity, the paddle mixers 64 should preferably rotated at a lower speed. In contrast, soil of high viscosity would tend to entangle around the paddles 66 to hinder the rotation of the paddle mixers 64 and, in a worse case, could bring the paddle mixers 64 into a locked state. Therefore, for treatment of soil of higher viscosity, the paddle mixers 64 should be rotated at a higher speed.
  • the soil which is dropped on the feeder conveyer 10 through the soil hopper 20 is substantially leveled into a uniform thickness or height by the gate 23 and leveling roller 24.
  • the weight of feed soil on the feeder conveyer 10 is detected by the soil feed measuring means 50.
  • the bulk density of feed soil can be known from weight signals from the soil feed measuring means 50.
  • the hydraulic motor 70 which drives the paddle mixers 64 can be controlled to rotate at a higher speed when feed soil is of high viscosity and to rotate at a lower speed when feed soil is of low viscosity.
  • the soil treating machine Since the soil treating machine is constructed for common use by a plural number of yards, it is transported from one soil treating yard to another after finishing a soil treating operation for a relatively small amount of soil in one yard. For this purpose, as shown in Fig. 17, the soil treating machine is transported on a trailer car TR which is dragged by a trailer tractor TT.
  • a freight to be transported by the trailer tractor TT of this sort is subject to dimensional restrictions, particularly restrictions in length, width and height.
  • a machine to be transported by the trailer should small enough in height since otherwise the route of transportation would have to be limited to those roads which are clear of tunnels, overhead bridges or similar obstacles.
  • Part of the machine can be disassembled prior to transportation by the trailer tractor TT. In such a case, however, the machine has to be disassembled and reassembled on transportation to one soil treating yard to another, although these jobs are extremely troublesome and time-consuming.
  • the height of the soil treating machine is determined, in most cases depending upon the position in height of the soil inlet frame 62 through which soil and additive soil improving material enter the processing trough 60 which constitutes the major part of the soil treating mechanism.
  • the charged soil and additive soil improving material are transferred through the processing trough 60 substantially in the horizontal direction. Therefore, for an efficient soil treating operation, the volume of the trough can be enlarged without increasing its height.
  • the feeder conveyer 10 which delivers soil and additive soil improving material should have its transfer surface of its carrier belt 11 located at a higher position than the soil processing trough 60.
  • the soil processing trough 60 is limited and reduced in height in this case, the positions of the hoppers 20 and 30 are lowered to the same extent.
  • the feeder conveyer 10 is set in an inclined state, the soil hopper 20 can be located in a position which is further lowered in height.
  • the hopper should have as large a storage capacity as possible.
  • the hopper 30 needs to have a sufficient volume for this purpose and yet it is located at the highest position as seen in Fig. 1.
  • the position of the additive hopper 30 can be lowered to a corresponding degree.
  • the upper end of the discharging conveyer 73 which is foldable in an upper end portion, can be folded to a position lower than the upper end of the additive hopper 30.
  • the machine chamber 6 is located in a vacant space which is available over the soil processing trough 60 behind the additive hopper 30 and forward of the discharging conveyer 73.
  • the soil hopper 20 and additive hopper 30 are located close to each other, and the machine chamber 6 is also located close to the additive hopper 30. Therefore, the discharging conveyer 73 can be folded in toward the vacant space to reduce the height of the sol treating machine as a whole.
  • the soil treating machine can be downsized into a compact form and especially can be reduced in height so that it can be transported easily and smoothly from yard to yard by a trailer tractor TT without being disassembled into a number of pieces.
  • the vehicular soil treating machine can get on and off the trailer TR by its own automotive drive in a smooth and quick manner.
  • the machine can efficiently mix soil and additive soil improving material within the processing trough 60 to produce a soil product of high quality on a large scale and at a high production rate.
  • a controller 80 which is employed for controlling operations of the soil treating machine as a whole.
  • This controller 80 produces control signals to various operating parts of the machine, on the basis of signals from sensors and detectors which constitute the machine. More specifically, the controller 80 includes a data input section 81 for processing various input signals, a data converting section 82 for signal amplification and A/D conversion, and a data processing section 83 for performing predetermined arithmetic operations and signal processing according to input data. On the basis of signals processed at the data processing section 83, the controller produces control signals for controlling operating parts such as hydraulic actuators and control valves. The control signals are supplied to the operating parts from a data output section 85 after D/A conversion at a data converting section 84.
  • a signal from the load sensor 55 which constitutes the soil feed measuring means 50 is processed at the controller 80 according to a preset mixing ratio to produce a control signal for the electric motor 46 which drives the quantitative feeder 42 of the quantitative feed section 32 of the additive hopper 30 to adjust the feed rate of the additive soil improving material from the quantitative feed section 32.
  • the controller 80 produces a control signal for the hydraulic motor 70 which drives the paddle mixers 64 of the soil processing trough 60 to control the rotational speed of the paddle mixers 64 according to the signal from the load sensor 55.
  • Various operating data of a soil treating operation are stored in an internal memory 86, the contents of which are downloaded, for example, to a personal computer 88 through I/O processor 87 and thereby compiled according to predetermined algorithm. Compiled data are stored in an external storage 89 which is connected to the personal computer 88. In this manner, various data of each soil treating operation are fed to the personal computer 88 for storage and management purposes.
  • the controller 80 is arranged to store in the memory 86 the data of output signals of the load sensor 55 of the soil feed measuring means 50 and of the rotational speed of the electric motor 45 of the quantitative feeder 42 on a time-sequence basis. This arrangement gives accurate data of the mixing ratio of the additive soil improving material to soil.
  • improved soil is produced in the soil processing trough 60.
  • soil and additive soil improving material are mixed with each other and at the same time transferred by the mixing and feeding actions of the paddle mixers 64.
  • the controller should preferably be arranged to vary the rotational speed of the paddle mixers 64 in relation with viscosity of processing soil. Therefore, the controller is arranged to take in data of the rotational speed of the paddle mixers 64 as well, for recording all of these operating factors of each soil treatment.
  • these operational data can be downloaded to the personal computer 88 which is connected to the I/O processing section 87 of the controller.
  • processed and complied operational data can be stored in the external storage device 89 which is connected to the personal computer 88, for example, on a non-volatile data recording means such as a flexible magnetic disk, photomagnetic disk, memory card or the like, for later use in analyzing and assessing operational conditions in relation with quality of treated soil.
  • the soil processing trough 60 is limited in length. Nevertheless, soil and additive soil improving material has to be uniformly mixed while being transferred through the length of the soil processing trough 60 from the inlet 62 to the outlet 63.
  • the vehicular soil treating machine of the present invention which is intended for use on small-scale soil treating yards, should be able to make small turns when moved around on a yard, and at the same time should be compact in construction and small in size to facilitate its transportation from one yard to another.
  • the size of the soil processing trough, particularly, the length of the soil processing trough, which occupies a dominant part of the soil treating machine, has a great influence on the size of the machine as a whole.
  • the soil processing trough 60 should not be downsized into a compact form at the sacrifice of its soil treating capacity or efficiency.
  • the top priority should be given to the quality of treated soil, in other words, to the capability of mixing soil and additive soil improving material to a satisfactory degree. Withing a tolerable range in quality, the length of the soil treating machine should be reduced in such a way as to enhance its soil treating efficiency.
  • Each paddle mixer 64 has a plural number of paddles 66 attached on the circumference of the rotational shaft 65. In order to feed the contents of the processing trough 60 while mixing same, the paddles 66 are located in helically shifted positions around the circumference of the rotational shaft 65.
  • paddles PD in a helical row around a rotational shaft RS of a paddle mixer PM are angularly shifted from each other by 90 degrees. Accordingly, the interval between paddles PD in every fourth position in the helical row determines an axial paddle pitch P.
  • the positions of the paddles PD on the rotational shafts RS of the two paddle mixers PM are axially shifted from each other by 1/4 of the paddle pitch P. Accordingly, the paddles PD which are mounted the two adjacently located rotational shafts RS face toward each other in small gap relation and at axially spaced positions corresponding to the paddle pitch P.
  • the paddles PD on the two rotational shafts RS come into an overlapped state at paddle pitch positions and spaced away from each other at intermediate positions.
  • processing material on the outer side of the rotational shafts RS within the processing trough 60 is scooped and tossed up in those regions where the paddles PD of the two rotational shafts RS are moved away from each other, and the upwardly tossed portions of the material are then pushed downward to join at the space between the two rotational shafts RS as the paddles PD are in movement toward each other.
  • the processing material is moved downward, it is mixed by the action of the paddles PD which are moving toward the overlapping positions and acting on the processing material from opposite sides thereof. Namely, from the standpoint of mixing efficiency, the material under treatment is mixed most efficiently at center portions where paddles PD of the two rotational shafts come to overlapping positions.
  • the degree of mixing at various parts of the processing trough was measured after charging processing material into the processing trough and mixing same by the paddle mixer PM over a predetermined distance of transfer in the direction indicated by an arrow in Fig. 19, starting from an initial charging position ST. As soon as the charged material reached a predetermined stop position, the paddle mixer PM was deactuated to measure the degree of mixing at various positions. For measurement purposes, a sectional area of the processing trough was divided into a large number of small sampling areas AR in the fashion of a checkerboard, divided at intervals MB of predetermined breadth in the transfer direction and at intervals ML similarly of predetermined breadth in a direction perpendicular to the transfer direction.
  • Processing material was sampled from each one of small sampling areas AR in the transverse rows which were divided at the intervals MB to measure the differences in content of an additive soil improving material.
  • the results of this measurement are shown in Fig. 20, in which the vertical axis represents the degree of mixing, the horizontal axis represents the length of the processing trough, and reference characters P 1 , P 2 , P 2.5 , P 3 , P 4 and P 5 are paddle pitches.
  • the degree of mixing falls in the range of 0.8 to 1, that is to say, all of the small sampling areas AR in a row in the transverse direction of the trough show almost a uniform value in content of the additive soil improving material. Even if the paddle pitch is further increased, substantially no improvements in the degree of mixing are observed.
  • the outside diameter of the paddles 66 is preferred to be approximately equivalent with the paddle pitch P.
  • the total length of the processing trough 60 is three times as large as the paddle pitch P and at the same time three times as large as the outside diameter of the paddles 66.
  • the moisture content in processing soil should not exceed 40% but should be larger than 30%, inclusive. Therefore, the moisture content in processing soil is adjusted prior to throwing same into the processing trough 60. More particularly, in case the moisture content in processing soil is greater than 40%, it is adjusted to a percentage smaller than 40% by mixing dry soil or lime thereinto. On the other hand, in case the moisture content in processing soil is smaller than 30%, it is increased by sprinkling water before charging the soil into the processing trough.
  • Fig. 21 shows an alternative arrangement which is also capable of accurately controlling the mixing ratio of an additive material to processing soil which is under treatment within the processing trough 60.
  • the processing trough 60 is provided with a large opening 60c in the ceiling of its front portion to function as an inlet opening for both soil and additive soil improving material.
  • the soil hopper 20 is positioned forward of the processing trough 60, while the additive hopper 30 is positioned on the rear side of and at a predetermined distance from the soil hopper and has its quantitative feed section 32 opened toward the processing trough 60.
  • the displacement volume per revolution of the paddle mixers 64 in the soil processing trough 60 is determined by the number of paddle mixers 64 in the soil processing trough 60, and the number and working surfaces areas of the paddles 66 which are attached on the rotational shafts 65. Therefore, the soil feed rate is determined by the total displacement volume of the paddle mixers 64 as multiplied by rotational speed.
  • the additive hopper 30 is provided with the quantitative feeder 42 the feed rate of which can be controlled by way of the electric motor 46. Accordingly, soil can be transferred through the soil processing trough 60 at a constant rate if the hydraulic motor 70, which drives the rotational shafts 65 of the paddle mixers 64 is put in rotation at a constant speed.
  • soil is directly fed into the processing trough 60 at a constant rate from the soil hopper 20 which has a capacity of holding surplus soil, which has been thrown in beyond the soil transfer rate of the paddle mixers 64.
  • the processing trough 60 is provided with the gate 75 to limit the soil transfer rate.
  • the soil feed rate is determined on the basis of the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor 70.
  • the lower open end of the quantitative feeder 42 of the additive hopper 30 is located on the downstream side of the gate 75.
  • the processing trough includes three zones, i.e., a soil feed zone Za, an additive material feed zone Zb and a soil and additive material mixing zone Zc.
  • the mixing ratio of an additive soil improving material to processing soil can be controlled accurately by operating the hydraulic motor 70 and electric motor 46 constantly at predetermined speeds.
  • the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor 70 can be fluctuated due to variations in load conditions.
  • load conditions of the hydraulic motor 70 which drives the paddle mixers 64 vary depending upon the amount of surplus soil which is stored in the soil hopper 20.
  • the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor 70 is fluctuated by variations in the amount of soil stored in the soil hopper 20, which receives a soil supply intermittently.
  • fluctuations in load condition of the hydraulic motor 70 are also caused by variations in resistance, that is, resistance of mixing material within the processing trough 60. Therefore, the additive feed rate from the additive feeder 42 to the processing trough 60 should be varied in such a manner as to follow variations which occur to the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor 70 under fluctuating load conditions.
  • the additive soil improving material is mixed into processing soil always at a constant rate because soil is continuously transferred through the processing trough 60 by the mixing and transferring operation of the paddle mixers 64.
  • the rotational speed of the electric motor 46 is adjusted in such a way as to follow variations occurring to the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor 70.
  • a mixing ratio control means which is arranged to this effect, including a controller 80 which is provided with a mixing ratio setting section 80a and a motor control section 80b.
  • the mixing ratio setting section 80a includes an input means for entering a suitable mixing ratio for an additive soil improving material to be mixed into processing soil.
  • a rotational speed ratio of the electric motor 46 to the hydraulic motor 70 is calculated by the controller. From a rotational speed sensor 81, the motor control section 80 receives a signal of rotational speed of the hydraulic motor 70, namely, of the paddle mixers 64.
  • the additive feed rate by the quantitative feed section 32 of the additive hopper 30 is determined by the rotational speed of the electric motor 46 which drives the rotational shafts 43. Accordingly, in case the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor 70 is varied, namely, incase the soil transfer rate by the paddle mixers 64 is varied, the controller 80 calculates, on the basis of a signal from the rotational speed sensor 81, a rotational speed which is necessary for the electric motor 46 to maintain a predetermined mixing ratio of the additive soil improving material to processing soil, and the rotational speed of the electric motor 46 is varied by a signal from the controller in such a manner as to follow the variation in the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor 70. Consequently, despite variations in the rotational speed of the hydraulic motor 70, a predetermined mixing ratio is constantly maintained for processing soil and additive soil improving material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
EP99114174A 1998-07-24 1999-07-22 Selbstfahrende bodenbehandlungsmaschine Withdrawn EP0974702A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20964798 1998-07-24
JP20964798A JP3387829B2 (ja) 1998-07-24 1998-07-24 自走式土質改良機械

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EP0974702A3 EP0974702A3 (de) 2002-06-12

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JP (1) JP3387829B2 (de)
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EP1387009A3 (de) * 2002-07-30 2004-10-13 Komatsu Ltd Bodenverarbeitungsmaschine
US6971783B2 (en) 2000-07-19 2005-12-06 Keanes Limited Recycled material and mixing machinery
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CN114718074A (zh) * 2022-02-18 2022-07-08 中交上海航道局有限公司 一种软土地层基坑的开挖方法
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CN103053239A (zh) * 2013-01-06 2013-04-24 向余庆 一种沙漠造田机及应用其造田的方法
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CN111373895A (zh) * 2020-04-11 2020-07-07 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 一种盐碱土壤改良装置
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CN113070331A (zh) * 2021-03-19 2021-07-06 汪丽卿 一种能够连续上料的防堵塞土壤修复装置
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CN114718074A (zh) * 2022-02-18 2022-07-08 中交上海航道局有限公司 一种软土地层基坑的开挖方法
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JP2000045327A (ja) 2000-02-15
KR20000011955A (ko) 2000-02-25
CN1261550A (zh) 2000-08-02

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