EP0956916A1 - Procédé de coulée de fond à faible pression pour la coulée de métaux, en particulier de métaux légers - Google Patents

Procédé de coulée de fond à faible pression pour la coulée de métaux, en particulier de métaux légers Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0956916A1
EP0956916A1 EP99108387A EP99108387A EP0956916A1 EP 0956916 A1 EP0956916 A1 EP 0956916A1 EP 99108387 A EP99108387 A EP 99108387A EP 99108387 A EP99108387 A EP 99108387A EP 0956916 A1 EP0956916 A1 EP 0956916A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casting
melt
mold
volume
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99108387A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0956916B1 (fr
Inventor
Norbert Damm
Herbert Zulauf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Georg Fischer Disa AG
Original Assignee
Georg Fischer Disa AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Georg Fischer Disa AG filed Critical Georg Fischer Disa AG
Publication of EP0956916A1 publication Critical patent/EP0956916A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0956916B1 publication Critical patent/EP0956916B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D33/00—Equipment for handling moulds
    • B22D33/005—Transporting flaskless moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for increasing Low pressure casting of metal, especially light metal, by a mold provided with at least one feeder with her sprue on a riser pipe to one Melting container connected and the contained therein Melt under pressure through the riser pipe into the mold is ousted.
  • closure In low-pressure casting plants it is known (WO 95/20449) in the area of the transition from the riser to the shape Provide closure. This has primarily that Task, swirls in the melting vessel, especially in the gas cushion above the melting level to avoid.
  • the closure consists of one at the transition between the riser and the cast-in melting plate with a lower melting point than the aluminum melt. This closure plate is when the Melt liquefied. These liquid foreign components are introduced into the form and lead to the highest unwanted inclusions in the cast.
  • the closure has to each cast can be replaced so that the performance is correspondingly low.
  • the container has a bottom side Slider lock on after filling the mold closes.
  • the mold is made together with the Make-up unit uncoupled from the riser pipe and the pouring shrinkage by feeding the melt from the replenisher in the shape balanced.
  • the dynamic surge at the end of the pour depends on the given Part geometry primarily from the venting behavior the shape (gas permeability in sand molds, ventilation holes etc.), but in any case on the casting speed at the end of the casting shortly before the complete Filling the form.
  • Burr formation means elaborate cleaning work, which, depending on the type of part, accounts for over 30% of the production costs of the Can make cast part. Burr free or low burr Casting is therefore of great economic importance.
  • a third type of error is blistering due to Air and gas inclusions that occur during casting, predominantly, however, arise in the phase shortly before the end of casting.
  • the casting gases are preventive via exhaust air ducts, by blowing a whistle, by using open feeders or use of molded materials with high gas permeability dissipated.
  • Errors of the aforementioned kind already occur today's low casting rates of 1 to 2 kg / sec for aluminum alloys. Will the casting performance it is expected that the Gas bubble formation increases significantly. For the so far pouring various methods are known. So z. B. the use of a gas pressure cushion in Melting container or furnace, which the melt over the filled riser pipe.
  • the invention is based, with increasing the task Casting light metal has a higher casting speed and thus higher cycle times with high casting quality to reach.
  • This object is achieved in that the vast majority of that for filling the mold necessary melting volume with maximum casting speed displaced into the mold, then the melt column repelled in the riser and one between the shear point and the remaining volume with a negative velocity gradients in the mold is ousted.
  • the filling process divided into two sections the first section follows the usual process of increasing pouring, by the given free cross-section of the riser the melt column solely by driving on Melt container or furnace up to the maximum casting speed accelerated and this until shortly before the end of casting is maintained. Then the melt column sheared near the gate so that the maximum Maintain pouring speed for a short time until the melt column is completely sheared off is. The one remaining between the shear point and the gate The remaining volume will then decrease continuously Speed displaced into the mold, so that the Melt front rises and slows within the mold on the one hand, the remaining air in the mold is checked can escape, on the other hand a dynamic Avoid filling impact on the upper mold surfaces becomes. This also prevents that in Melt volume in the mold is too high a hydrostatic Pressure builds up.
  • the residual volume is discontinuous Displaced speed gradients into the mold, for example initially with the maximum casting speed, then with a flat and then steep negative velocity gradient.
  • the method according to the invention gives in particular the Possibility of depending on the size of the remaining volume on the volume and / or the geometry of the casting choose.
  • the speed gradient and / or its temporal course depending on the volume and / or the geometry of the casting can be selected.
  • an intricate geometry especially in upper area of the shape, faster degradation of the speed gradient considered than for large-volume and little intricate shapes.
  • the remaining volume should be about 10% of the volume of the casting make up, preferably it is 3 - 7 vol% of the casting.
  • the invention is based on the implementation of the method from a device with a transport track to cyclical Movement of the molds with at least one feeder and a gate, a pouring station on the conveyor, on which the molds can be positioned one after the other are a melt container that can be positioned at the casting station, especially melt furnace, one in the melt immersing riser pipe to which the Casting mold can be connected with its sprue, and one Pressure generator for displacing the melt from the melt container over the riser pipe and the pouring into the Mold.
  • Such a device is distinguished according to the invention characterized in that at the transition between the riser and Infeed into a tubular section forming the residual volume is arranged in which a controlled displacer between a the mouth of the riser in this section releasing pouring position over a die Intermediate position closing the mouth in a Sealing position is movable.
  • the melt column displaced in the riser pipe reaches with the maximum casting speed over the tubular Section and pouring into the mold.
  • the displacer is controlled and reduced the free cross section of the mouth in a given Time at the end of which the melt column is completely sheared off is so that the furnace side acting on them Driving forces no longer on that in the tubular section included residual volumes can act.
  • This residual volume is then removed using the displacer the given negative speed gradient in the shape displaces until the displacer reaches its end position reached in which he closes the gate.
  • the tubular section is preferably aligned with the Sprue so that the residual volume translationally without any deflection and thus squeezed into the form in a way that is easy to control becomes. This can be done with vertical pouring at the bottom of the mold done just as favorably as with a horizontal one side gate.
  • the speed of the displacer is preferably in Dependence on the geometry and / or the volume of the Cast part controllable, possibly also by means of a Program can be specified.
  • At least the tubular section can counter a section interchangeable with another volume or be extendable by another section to the remaining volume to the geometry or the volume of the Optimally adapt the casting.
  • tubular section and the displacer from a cylinder-piston unit formed and the riser pipe opens laterally into the cylinder close to the end position of the piston in the Cylinder.
  • the casting plant designed according to the invention is both suitable for sand mold casting as well as permanent mold casting.
  • the embodiments shown in the drawings concern only casting in sand molds (with or without molded box).
  • the shaped bales 1 are in the direction of Arrow 3 promoted to a casting station at the Melting vessel 4, optionally in the form of an oven, lifting and is arranged lowerable and movable.
  • the light metal melt 5 is located in the melt vessel 4, a gas cushion 6 stands over the melt surface thereof, which is acted upon by a controllable pressure generator.
  • a total of 7 is dipped into the melting vessel 4
  • the form bales 1 are clocked by means of the conveyor 2, that a bale of mold in the pouring position at every cycle is coming. Then the device with the short vertical section 9 of the riser is adjusted so that the latter in alignment with the sprue 11 of the bale reached.
  • a displacer arranged in the form of a piston 12 by means of a pressure medium cylinder 13 is actuated.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 differs 1 essentially only in that Box molds 17 are poured.
  • the riser cross section then decreases by increasing overrun the mouth 18 through the piston 12 quickly like this curve section 31 shows until finally the piston 12 completely melted the melt column at the mouth 18 has, as indicated in the diagram at 32.
  • the casting speed remains on the curve section 24 initially still at the maximum value and falls then with a negative speed gradient, and initially over a short period with a flat Decrease in curve section 25 to then in Curve section 26 to drop steeply and finally turn out flat in the curve section 27 until at 28 the gate 11 is closed by the piston 12.
  • the course of the casting speed in the curve sections 24, 25, 26 and 27 is only shown as an example and otherwise dependent on the casting geometry these customizable.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
EP99108387A 1998-05-13 1999-04-29 Procédé de coulée de fond à faible pression pour la coulée de métaux, en particulier de métaux légers Expired - Lifetime EP0956916B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19821419 1998-05-13
DE19821419A DE19821419A1 (de) 1998-05-13 1998-05-13 Verfahren zum steigenden Niederdruck-Gießen von Metall, insbesondere Leichtmetall

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0956916A1 true EP0956916A1 (fr) 1999-11-17
EP0956916B1 EP0956916B1 (fr) 2004-09-15

Family

ID=7867629

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99108387A Expired - Lifetime EP0956916B1 (fr) 1998-05-13 1999-04-29 Procédé de coulée de fond à faible pression pour la coulée de métaux, en particulier de métaux légers

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6321825B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0956916B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11347707A (fr)
AT (1) ATE276062T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19821419A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002102531A1 (fr) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-27 Disa Industries A/S Assemblage de tube de remplissage destine a relier un moule a remplir de metal fondu et un four
WO2003002285A2 (fr) * 2001-05-08 2003-01-09 Fowler White Boggs Banker P A Materiaux automobiles ou aerospatiaux utilises dans une machine de coulee et de remplissage de moules sous pression en continu
CN104493136A (zh) * 2014-11-25 2015-04-08 柳州金特机械有限公司 一种铸造炉

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19905874C2 (de) * 1999-02-12 2003-07-24 Vaw Alucast Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Befüllen von Gießformen
DE10033625A1 (de) * 2000-07-11 2002-01-31 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum steigenden Gießen mit einer Kokille / einem Kernpaket mit offener Eingußöffnung
DE10033902C1 (de) * 2000-07-12 2001-11-22 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum steigenden Giessen mit einem auf den Giesstisch aufgesetzten Schieberverschluss
DE10033903C1 (de) * 2000-07-12 2001-11-29 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum steigenden Giessen mit einer Giessform mit untenliegender Eingussöffnung mit einem Schieberverschluss
DE10045594B4 (de) * 2000-09-15 2006-01-19 Hansgrohe Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Gießen von Hohlkörpern
DE102004016574A1 (de) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-27 Georg Fischer Kokillenguss GmbH Kokillengiessanlage
DE102004016575A1 (de) * 2004-03-31 2005-10-27 Georg Fischer Kokillenguss GmbH Kokillengiessanlage
DE102015208964A1 (de) 2015-05-15 2016-11-17 Harald Justus Weis Verfahren zum Gießen von Metall, Adaptereinheit und Vorrichtung zum Gießen von Metall umfassend eine derartige Adaptereinheit
CN107520426B (zh) * 2017-07-03 2019-09-10 北京航星机器制造有限公司 一种大型铸件低压铸造承载转换装置及其制造方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58125358A (ja) * 1982-01-20 1983-07-26 Hitachi Ltd 溶湯鍛造装置
JPH03254353A (ja) * 1990-03-02 1991-11-13 Toyo Mach & Metal Co Ltd 低圧鋳造方法及びその装置
WO1993011892A2 (fr) * 1991-12-07 1993-06-24 Baxi Partnership Limited Coulage d'alliages de metaux legers
WO1995032826A1 (fr) * 1994-05-27 1995-12-07 Georg Fischer Disa A/S Methodes pour fermer l'entree d'un moule apres une coulee, faite sans implication de la force de gravite, d'un alliage non ferreux dans un moule au sable vert d'une installation a moules multiples

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1150182B (de) * 1957-12-11 1963-06-12 Karl Goehring Dipl Ing Kontaktgesteuerte Fuellvorrichtung fuer Warmkammerdruckgiessmaschinen
JPS5510381A (en) * 1978-07-11 1980-01-24 Kobe Steel Ltd Forging apparatus for molten metal
BG34491A1 (en) * 1982-07-14 1983-10-15 Nikolov Method for casting under pressure
DE3344537C1 (de) * 1983-12-09 1985-06-05 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Verfahren zum taktweisen Dosieren einer flüssigen Metallmenge beim Druckgießen
JPS6156763A (ja) * 1984-08-24 1986-03-22 Sintokogio Ltd 低圧鋳造用金型装置
JPH02155557A (ja) * 1988-12-08 1990-06-14 Toyota Motor Corp 加圧鋳造装置
JP2700032B2 (ja) * 1989-01-20 1998-01-19 株式会社アーレスティ 金型鋳造法
DE3924775C1 (fr) * 1989-07-26 1990-03-29 Alcan Deutschland Gmbh, 3400 Goettingen, De
DE4332760A1 (de) * 1993-09-25 1995-03-30 Klaus Doehrer Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Niederdruckmetallgießvorrichtung und Niederdruckmetallgießvorrichtung dafür
EP0804307A1 (fr) * 1994-01-31 1997-11-05 Honsel Fonderie Messier SA Procede et dispositif de coulee d'un metal fondu dans un moule
DE19613668C1 (de) * 1996-04-04 1997-05-28 Gustav Ohnsmann Gießanlage und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußstücken
DE29708575U1 (de) * 1997-05-14 1997-07-31 Heinrich Wagner Sinto Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 57334 Bad Laasphe Vorrichtung zum steigenden Gießen in Gießformen
DE19807623A1 (de) * 1998-02-21 1999-08-26 Georg Fischer Disa Ag Niederdruck-Gießverfahren für Leichtmetalle, insbesondere Aluminium

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58125358A (ja) * 1982-01-20 1983-07-26 Hitachi Ltd 溶湯鍛造装置
JPH03254353A (ja) * 1990-03-02 1991-11-13 Toyo Mach & Metal Co Ltd 低圧鋳造方法及びその装置
WO1993011892A2 (fr) * 1991-12-07 1993-06-24 Baxi Partnership Limited Coulage d'alliages de metaux legers
WO1995032826A1 (fr) * 1994-05-27 1995-12-07 Georg Fischer Disa A/S Methodes pour fermer l'entree d'un moule apres une coulee, faite sans implication de la force de gravite, d'un alliage non ferreux dans un moule au sable vert d'une installation a moules multiples

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 237 (M - 250) 21 October 1983 (1983-10-21) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 016, no. 057 (M - 1210) 13 February 1992 (1992-02-13) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003002285A2 (fr) * 2001-05-08 2003-01-09 Fowler White Boggs Banker P A Materiaux automobiles ou aerospatiaux utilises dans une machine de coulee et de remplissage de moules sous pression en continu
WO2003002285A3 (fr) * 2001-05-08 2004-11-11 David J Herron Materiaux automobiles ou aerospatiaux utilises dans une machine de coulee et de remplissage de moules sous pression en continu
WO2002102531A1 (fr) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-27 Disa Industries A/S Assemblage de tube de remplissage destine a relier un moule a remplir de metal fondu et un four
CN104493136A (zh) * 2014-11-25 2015-04-08 柳州金特机械有限公司 一种铸造炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE276062T1 (de) 2004-10-15
DE19821419A1 (de) 1999-11-18
EP0956916B1 (fr) 2004-09-15
JPH11347707A (ja) 1999-12-21
DE59910485D1 (de) 2004-10-21
US6321825B1 (en) 2001-11-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1742752B1 (fr) Procede de coulage de composants en alliage leger selon le principe de coulage par inclinaison
DE69228998T2 (de) Giessen von leichtmetall-legierungen
DE60111190T2 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von gegossenen schaumkörpern
EP3320999B1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication à l'aide d'un moule de coulée au sable sous vide
EP1046444B1 (fr) Procédé de coulée sous pression
CH654768A5 (de) Entgasungsvorrichtung an einer druck- oder spritzgiessform.
EP3645192B1 (fr) Procédé, moule de coulée et dispositif pour la fabrication d'une roue de véhicule
DE69227915T2 (de) Giessverfahren
EP0956916B1 (fr) Procédé de coulée de fond à faible pression pour la coulée de métaux, en particulier de métaux légers
EP1900456A1 (fr) Disposition pour la fabrication de pieces coulées
EP0413885B1 (fr) Procédé de la coulée en coquille à basse pression pour la coulée de pièces moulées en alliages non-ferreux
DE69403029T2 (de) Vakuumgiessverfahren
EP0912276A1 (fr) Dispositif de thixoformage
EP0937525A1 (fr) Procédé pour la coulée de métaux légers à basse pression , en particulier de l'aluminium et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
DE10258370A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum automatischen Dosieren, Transportieren und Gießen von Schmelzen und anderen fluiden Stoffen
DE3401354A1 (de) Verfahren zum giessen von graugussteilen
DE102011052366B4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Leichtmetallbauteils durch Kippgießen
EP0656819B1 (fr) Procede et dispositifs permettant de couler des elements
DE102009026450B4 (de) Gießvorrichtung und -verfahren, insbesondere für Kolben von Verbrennungsmotoren
DE19807567A1 (de) Druckgußmaschine und Druckgußverfahren
DD265994A3 (de) Druckgiessverfahren
DE69108306T2 (de) Verfahren, Giessform und Vorrichtung zum mehrstufigen Niederdruckgiessen von Metall.
DE2144025A1 (de) Verfahren zum Gießen von Schmelzen
DE2846512A1 (de) Maschine zum druckgiessen von metallen, insbesondere legierten eisenmetallen (stahl)
DE3136847C1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Horizontalstranggiessen von fluessigen Metallen,insbesondere von Stahl

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB IT LI NL

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

RAP3 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: GEORG FISCHER DISA AG

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20000513

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: AT CH DE FR GB IT LI NL

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: GEORG FISCHER FAHRZEUGTECHNIK AG

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20030811

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB IT LI NL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20040915

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20040915

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20040915

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59910485

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20041021

Kind code of ref document: P

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
GBV Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed]

Effective date: 20040915

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050429

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050430

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050430

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

ET Fr: translation filed
26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20050616

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 18

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 19

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20180420

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20180420

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R071

Ref document number: 59910485

Country of ref document: DE