EP0945534B1 - Fournisseur positif à faible inertie pour des fils élastomères - Google Patents

Fournisseur positif à faible inertie pour des fils élastomères Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0945534B1
EP0945534B1 EP99102382A EP99102382A EP0945534B1 EP 0945534 B1 EP0945534 B1 EP 0945534B1 EP 99102382 A EP99102382 A EP 99102382A EP 99102382 A EP99102382 A EP 99102382A EP 0945534 B1 EP0945534 B1 EP 0945534B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thread
tension
wheel
feeder
feeder device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99102382A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0945534A2 (fr
EP0945534A3 (fr
Inventor
Eberhard Leins
Hermann Schmodde
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Memminger IRO GmbH
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Memminger IRO GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Memminger IRO GmbH filed Critical Memminger IRO GmbH
Publication of EP0945534A2 publication Critical patent/EP0945534A2/fr
Publication of EP0945534A3 publication Critical patent/EP0945534A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0945534B1 publication Critical patent/EP0945534B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B15/38—Devices for supplying, feeding, or guiding threads to needles
    • D04B15/48—Thread-feeding devices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B15/38—Devices for supplying, feeding, or guiding threads to needles
    • D04B15/48—Thread-feeding devices
    • D04B15/50—Thread-feeding devices for elastic threads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a positive feeder, the especially for supplying thread consumption points with abruptly fluctuating thread requirements and for elastic Threads is provided.
  • Elastic threads or yarns change according to the Tension under which they stand, their length, in detail very large possible changes in length are.
  • elastomer threads are in use itself up to 7 times its length or even more let it stretch.
  • the amount of thread supplied therefore depends on highly dependent on the tension under which the thread is delivered becomes. While in many cases it is sufficient if the Elastic thread tension within predetermined Boundaries are kept constant, there are a number of Use cases where it is important that in a given amount of thread in a given time interval is delivered.
  • the thread quantity is, for example, by a thread length defined for a given thread tension. Is the Thread very elastic, can not be guaranteed that a certain amount of thread is delivered.
  • the thread delivery device for fluctuating thread requirements are known.
  • the thread delivery device has a thread delivery wheel driven by a stepper motor on, whose outer circumference by six wire brackets is defined.
  • a thread brake is arranged.
  • On the thread delivery wheel a thread tension sensor follows to regulate the Stepper motor and thus the amount of thread.
  • the thread delivery device is used to supply thread with constant tension.
  • the thread delivery device points a disc motor with a thread delivery wheel connected is. This is from the thread to be delivered entwined.
  • a thread brake arranged to generate the Braking effect a permanent magnet or for adjustable Generation of the same contains an electromagnet.
  • a thread tension sensor is connected downstream of the thread delivery wheel, which controls the disc motor.
  • the thread delivery device is used to deliver elastic Threads with more or less constant tension, but not the positive delivery of specified thread quantities.
  • the thread delivery device comprises two independent thread feeding devices, that the thread passes through one after the other. First it is passed through a thread delivery device that pulls the thread pulls from spools of thread.
  • the thread delivery wheel is from one Electric motor driven, which corresponds to that of one thread tension sensor arranged after the thread feed wheel detected thread tension is controlled.
  • the Thread is thus with more or less constant tension to two thread delivery wheels in frictional engagement or rollers supplied with fixed speed are driven and thus deliver constant thread quantities. This means that thread quantities that are constant over time become one Thread consumption point at which the elastic Thread is combined with a hard thread.
  • This arrangement is not for delivery variable amounts of thread set up. It is also over DE-AS 1585111 a thread delivery device for feeding of threads to a knitting machine with constant Thread speed and at the same time with constant Thread tension known.
  • This thread delivery device has two uniformly driven tapered rollers on the are looped by the thread one after the other. The string passes through a thread guide for each roller, which determines the diameter of the thread on the Roll on and off of this.
  • This device and the method are especially for the processing of time-constant quantities of crimped Threads with hysteresis effect have been developed.
  • Thread delivery device has a tensioning device that the thread coming from a bobbin a defined tension telling.
  • the thread delivery device works on the input side voltage-controlled and quantity-based on the output side.
  • a at least relatively constant thread tension is between the tensioning device and the positive delivery device generated.
  • Voltage fluctuations caused by outside influences of the thread delivery device are generated, such as changed thread friction on thread eyelets on the way to a Thread consumption point, are controlled by the tension Section between tensioning device and positive delivery device kept away. It can be used to define a quantity Thread delivery of elastic threads independent of Friction influences occur after the thread delivery device. This is especially true when the thread demand fluctuates over time.
  • the thread running conditions are speed dependent.
  • the separation of the on the thread delivery device following thread travel range from the tension set Path allows a controlled and correct route Thread delivery of fluctuating quantities.
  • the clamping device can be on the non-linear Force-displacement relationship, as is the case with elastic threads is found, be set up.
  • Commonly elastic Threads for example elastane threads, show less in the area Forces with small changes in force large changes in elongation on. With increasing thread tension or force in the longitudinal direction of the thread, the resulting changes in length however, less and less. Does the thread have its If the maximum stretch is reached, a further increase can also be made the force to no more significant stretching of the thread to lead. If the force is removed, the thread jumps however largely returned to its original length. This property usually makes it relatively difficult to supply predetermined thread quantities.
  • Thread delivery device existing tensioning device circumvents this problem by making the thread so strong stretches that a change in thread tension hardly has any influence on the thread length.
  • the thread is delivered to the thread delivery wheel by a Electric motor driven according to the current thread requirement and is therefore independent of the one that arises Thread tension provides the desired amount of thread.
  • a Defined thread delivery also becomes positive delivery called and is therefore in a certain contrast to Thread delivery devices, the thread with constant (lower) Deliver tension and be called negative feed.
  • the thread delivery wheel is independent of a motor the tensioning device driven.
  • the Tensioning device can be designed so that it is independent a high thread tension from the operation of the thread feed wheel generated.
  • the tensioning device can, for example, be a type of thread brake be independent of the thread speed is working.
  • this can be a friction brake be, in which the thread is braked by friction elements on which he glides.
  • the thread brake creates one more or less constant thread tension, can be here relatively large thread tension range are allowed, without noticeable the amount of thread delivered varied. This is a result of the tension of the thread up to its maximum limit.
  • the tensioning device can also be a regulated one Thread brake, for example, depending on the Thread tension between the thread brake and the thread delivery wheel is set. This makes it possible for additional To compensate for frictional influences that occur, for example the thread delivery device can result. In addition, the Responsiveness of the device to sudden changes the delivery request improved in many cases.
  • Thread brake into consideration. For example, it is possible to have a simple one Use friction brake with two brake actuators. This can move towards each other by a spring or by magnets to be excited. You can also use an electromagnet or serve other electrically controllable means, for example the control loop can be controlled.
  • Thread brakes can also be used as a separate clamping device Thread delivery wheel to be provided, its own Has drive motor. This second thread delivery wheel has the task of pulling the thread from a spool of thread and with a defined tension in a stretched state to the the direction of movement of the thread downstream Thread delivery wheel to deliver while the upstream Thread delivery wheel is connected to a motor, which is preferably the motor works downstream thread delivery wheel preferably quantity-based.
  • the thread delivery device is preferably to a control unit connected or has one that the Motor of the thread delivery wheel with the desired thread delivery controls the corresponding speed.
  • the data the control unit can, for example, from a sample data memory receive. With flat knitting machines it can be useful be the thread requirement from the movement of the thread guide derive, in the simplest case with light barriers Limit switches or the like is detected. Besides, can it be appropriate to meet the need for elastic thread Measurement of the running speed of another e.g. hard thread to determine by the machine in question is to be processed. A measuring device can be used for this be provided for the thread speed with the Control unit is connected. This then enables the elastic thread, for example, strictly proportional to one otherwise to deliver thread to a thread consumption point.
  • the sensor device is, for example, a measuring wheel, that the other (hard) thread is entwined and sits on the shaft of an encoder.
  • the control unit can also be connected to the tensioning device connected to regulate this.
  • the control unit is then equipped with appropriate electrical Actuators of the brakes or with the engine a corresponding thread delivery wheel and a tension sensor connected, between the tensioning device and the thread delivery wheel is arranged.
  • the thread delivery device schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 serves to thread elastic 1 from one Yarn spool 2 to knitting points 3 of a flat knitting machine 4 to deliver.
  • the knitting points 3 are by individual Needles 5 formed on which a thread guide 6 back and forth walking past (arrow).
  • the thread guide 6 will both with the elastic thread 1 and with a hard thread 11 supplied. This is from a corresponding pulled off another spool of thread 12.
  • the delivery of the hard thread can be positive a feeder (thread delivery device), not further illustrated or by the pulling action of the needles 5 done during the knitting process.
  • the delivered or The amount of thread 11 drawn off determines the stitch size.
  • the amount of thread is not constant over time. In the Reversal areas of the thread guide 6 comes the thread consumption briefly completely to a standstill. In addition, the Thread consumption in the outward and return stroke at least then different, if the distance between the thread guide 6 and the supplying devices when going back and forth of the Thread guide is changed.
  • the supply of the elastic thread 1 is used Thread delivery device 14, to which a tensioning device 15 and a thread delivery wheel 16 belonging to an electric motor 17 is driven.
  • the thread 1 wraps around it Thread delivery wheel 16 a few times and by this thus taken slip-free.
  • the thread delivery wheel determines thus the amount of thread supplied to the thread guide 6.
  • the thread 1 is almost from the tensioning device 15 up to its maximum value, but at least up to one Value tense, with changes in force hardly any changes in length cause.
  • both the belt brake 15 and the electric motor 17th connected to a control unit 18, which both the speed of the motor 17 and the effect of the tensioning device 15 specifies.
  • the Spanneinrichcung 15 has one Turning device 19 on the output of which two support pins 21, 22 are mounted eccentrically.
  • the thread 1 wraps around these support pins 21, 22 at an angle, that of the rotational position of the rotary actuator 19 dependent and thus controllable by the control unit 18.
  • a thread tension sensor 24 is arranged, which here the thread tension is recorded.
  • the thread tension sensor 24 supplies its measured value or its data to the control unit 18, which can be designed, for example, as a microcomputer can.
  • the control unit 18 does not receive any further illustrated input device a setpoint for the Tension of the thread 1. This can be done in a manner shown in FIG illustrated memory cell 25 may be stored.
  • the Setpoint is set to a value at which the thread has almost reached its yield strength.
  • the control unit 18 controls the tensioning device 15 during operation of the thread delivery device 15 so that the of the thread delivery wheel 16 thread 1 pulled by the tensioning device 15 the desired one high target voltage reached. Is from the thread tension sensor 24 detected a deviation, controls the control unit 18 the tensioning device 15 accordingly to.
  • the motor 17 of the yarn feed wheel 16 is the actual thread consumption controlled accordingly.
  • a measuring device 26 is arranged, to which a thread roll 27 and, for example, an incremental angle encoder 28 heard from the shaft 29, the thread roll 27 carried is.
  • the thread roll 27 is wrapped in the hard thread 11 and turns according to its speed.
  • the angle encoder 28 thus detects the thread speed and delivers corresponding signals via a Line to an input 31, not further illustrated the control unit 18.
  • Another input 32 of the control unit 18 is with connected to the thread tension sensor 24 and receives a Thread tension signal from this.
  • Sample data or other Control data representing the amount of elastic to be delivered Mark thread will be sent to another entrance 33 supplied to the control unit 18.
  • a first exit 34 of control unit 18 controls motor 17 while a second output 35 is connected to the clamping unit 15 and regulates it.
  • the thread delivery device 14 described so far works as follows:
  • the thread guide 6 of the flat knitting machine runs 4 with one determined by the width of the web Hub back and forth across the web.
  • the of the needles 5 formed knitting spots with the same or corresponding amounts of elastic thread 1 and hard thread 11 can be supplied.
  • the control unit 18 Via entrance 33 the control unit 18 at least information about the direction of movement of the thread guide 6.
  • control unit 18 also receives information about the thread guide speed. This can be or speed measurement determined or as fixed or specified value must be made available. Out the speed of the thread guide and the direction of movement the control unit 18 determines those during the movement of the thread guide 6 resulting extension or Shortening the respective path for thread 1 and Thread 11.
  • the one recorded by the measuring device 26 Speed of thread 11 is a speed resulting from the change in the length of the thread travel and the thread consumption present on the needles.
  • the control unit 18 is the change in length of the thread path decreasing proportion known or from the thread guide speed determinable so that from the measured value of the thread running speed the actual Thread consumption can be determined and accordingly is determined.
  • control unit 18 determines the amount of elastic thread required on the needles 5, for example, as a fixed ratio of the amount of hard thread 11 processed by the needles 5. To this end, the control unit 18 adds the amount of thread that results from lengthening or Shortening the path of the thread 1 results in the correct sign. Control pulses are formed for driving the motor 17 at a speed based on the thus obtained value corresponding to the F resulting adenarrimenge.
  • the process regulates the control unit 18 by means of the tensioning device 15 the thread tension in front of the thread feed wheel 16 to a defined value that is so high, for example, that the elastic thread 1 is almost fully stretched is and thus behaves almost like a hard thread.
  • FIG. 2 Embodiment is the clamping device 15 by a Thread brake 41 formed, which works uncontrolled.
  • the Thread brake 41 has, for example, two ends serving as braking elements For example.
  • Disc-shaped plates 42, 43 on a Bolts 44 sit and against each other by means of a spring 45 are excited.
  • the thread 1 is between the plates 42, 43 clamped and can be pulled through with friction.
  • the Thread brake 41 is fixed to a thread tension value set so high that the thread 1 in the Area between the thread brake 41 and the thread delivery wheel 16 essentially regardless of its running speed is completely stretched. Accordingly, the Thread tension sensor 24 and the corresponding input 32 the control unit 18. Otherwise this embodiment is correct the thread delivery device 14 in structure and function with the thread delivery device described above (Fig. 1).
  • the same reference numerals are therefore used used and referred to the above description.
  • FIG. 3 A further modified embodiment of the thread delivery device is apparent from Fig. 3. The differences are in turn in the clamping device 15; Furthermore reference is made to the above description, which accordingly applies.
  • the tensioning device 15 of the thread delivery device 14 3 has a yarn feed wheel 51, which on the Shaft of another drive motor 52 is seated.
  • the thread delivery wheel 51 corresponds essentially to the thread delivery wheel 16 and is like this one or more times from the thread 1 entwined.
  • the thread tension sensor 24 arranged with the input 32 of the control unit is connected.
  • the control unit 18 gives at its output 35 corresponding control pulses.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that rapid build-up of the defined thread tension between two yarn delivery wheels 52, 16 and the decoupling of Thread tension in this distance from external influences from the thread path to the positive supplier. This can be done as needed take place without turning the thread feed wheel 16, when the thread feed wheel 52 is driven to rotate in reverse becomes.
  • a thread delivery device for delivering elastic (soft) threads to a thread consumption point a control unit has a time-fluctuating thread requirement that determines or reports the current thread requirement gets. According to this need, a thread delivery wheel with a speed corresponding to the thread requirement driven. The thread passes through a tensioning device to the thread delivery wheel. The tensioning device is set so that the thread almost completely, at least but is stretched in a defined way. This makes it a firm one Assignment of the desired thread delivery quantity and speed of the thread delivery wheel possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Tension Adjustment In Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)
  • Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
  • Forwarding And Storing Of Filamentary Material (AREA)
  • Unwinding Of Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Dispositif fournisseur de fil (4), plus particulièrement pour des fils élastiques (1), caractérisé par le fait qu'il est pourvu
    d'un dispositif de tension (15) qui exerce sur le fil une force agissant dans la direction longitudinale du fil, aux fins de tendre celui-ci jusqu'à obtention d'une valeur de tension définie,
    ainsi que d'une roue de fournisseur de fil (16), qui est entourée par le fil (1) et peut recevoir quelques spires de celui-ci aux fins de découpler la tension du fil en amont de la roue de fournisseur de fil (16) de la tension du fil en aval de la roue de fournisseur de fil (16), et
    d'un moteur (17), qui est lié en entraínement à la roue de fournisseur de fil (16) et peut être contrôlé indépendamment du dispositif de tension (15) en fonction de la consommation de fil actuelle et indépendamment de la tension du fil dans un tronçon situé après la roue de fournisseur de fil (16).
  2. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de tension (15) est un frein de fil (41), qui génère la tension de fil essentiellement indépendamment de la vitesse d'avance du fil.
  3. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'un capteur de tension de fil (24) est disposé entre le dispositif de tension (15) et la roue de fournisseur de fil (16) aux fins de mesurer la tension du fil et par le fait que la tension du fil est réglée à l'aide d'un frein de fil (21, 22) piloté, sur la base de la valeur de tension de fil mesurée par le capteur de tension de fil (24).
  4. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé par le fait que le frein de fil (21, 22) est un frein à friction avec une charge fixe ou réglable de ses éléments de friction.
  5. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu pour la charge des éléments de friction un dispositif de génération de force (19) commandé électriquement qui est lié sur le plan de l'action à au moins un des éléments de friction.
  6. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé par le fait que le frein de fil (21, 22) est un frein à bande avec au moins un élément en forme ruban dont l'angle d'enroulement peut être modifié à l'aide d'un dispositif de réglage (18).
  7. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu pour le réglage de l'angle d'enroulement un dispositif (19) commandé électriquement qui est lié sur le plan de l'action à au moins un éléments en forme de ruban.
  8. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'en amont du capteur de tension de fil (24) est placée une roue de fournisseur de fil (51) liée à un actionneur, qui est entourée par le fil (1) et dont les rotations sont commandées ou régulées par le capteur de tension de fil (24), de manière à obtenir une prétension de fil essentiellement constante au niveau du capteur de tension de fil (24).
  9. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'actionneur est un moteur (52).
  10. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le moteur (17) de la roue de fournisseur de fil (16) est commandé de manière indépendante de la tension de fil entre la roue de fournisseur de fil (16) et le point d'utilisation du fil.
  11. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif fournisseur de fil (14) comporte une unité de commande (18) ou est connecté à une unité de commande (18) qui commande le moteur (17) en fonction de la quantité de fil souhaitée.
  12. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'unité de commande (18) est connectée à une mémoire de données de motifs.
  13. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'unité de commande (18) est connectée à un système de capteur (26) pour mesurer la vitesse de fil d'un ou de plusieurs autre(s) fil(s) qui déterminent la consommation en fil élastique (1).
  14. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait que le système de capteur (26) comprend un cylindre de mesure (27) et un capteur angulaire (28).
  15. Dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'unité de commande (18) est connectée au dispositif de tension (15) aux fins de réguler la tension de fil en fonction d'une valeur de consigne réglable.
  16. Procédé pour délivrer des fils élastiques à l'aide d'un dispositif fournisseur de fil selon la revendication 1, avec des quantités de fil prédéterminées qui varient dans le temps, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :
    on tend le fil à une valeur déterminée après son dévidage d'une bobine de fil,
    on mesure au moins une grandeur caractéristique, qui caractérise la quantité de fil nécessaire actuelle,
    après tension, on amène le fil à l'état tendu à un dispositif fournisseur qui est commandé de manière à délivrer le fil tendu conformément à la valeur caractéristique.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 16, caractérisé par le fait qu'on tend le fil après son dévidage de la bobine de fil à une valeur au delà de laquelle une augmentation de la force ne produirait pas d'augmentation supplémentaire réversible sensible de la longueur du fil.
EP99102382A 1998-03-26 1999-02-08 Fournisseur positif à faible inertie pour des fils élastomères Expired - Lifetime EP0945534B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813351A DE19813351A1 (de) 1998-03-26 1998-03-26 Trägheitsarmer Positivfournisseur für Elastomerfäden
DE19813351 1998-03-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0945534A2 EP0945534A2 (fr) 1999-09-29
EP0945534A3 EP0945534A3 (fr) 2000-11-22
EP0945534B1 true EP0945534B1 (fr) 2004-09-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99102382A Expired - Lifetime EP0945534B1 (fr) 1998-03-26 1999-02-08 Fournisseur positif à faible inertie pour des fils élastomères

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US6105398A (fr)
EP (1) EP0945534B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3010171B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100292422B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1154754C (fr)
BR (1) BR9901117A (fr)
CA (1) CA2265979C (fr)
DE (2) DE19813351A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2224469T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1022934A1 (fr)
ID (1) ID22332A (fr)
IL (1) IL129084A (fr)
RU (1) RU2150537C1 (fr)
UY (1) UY25427A1 (fr)

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CN103508266A (zh) * 2013-09-17 2014-01-15 吴江永固纺配有限公司 一种采用步进式电机驱动的超喂装置
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CN109987448B (zh) * 2019-04-08 2020-11-24 安徽诚意电气科技有限公司 一种用于阻燃电缆的防拉断放卷缓冲保护装置
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UY25427A1 (es) 1999-07-19
EP0945534A2 (fr) 1999-09-29
US6105398A (en) 2000-08-22
DE59910553D1 (de) 2004-10-28
CN1154754C (zh) 2004-06-23
JP3010171B2 (ja) 2000-02-14
HK1022934A1 (en) 2000-08-25
JPH11314840A (ja) 1999-11-16
ES2224469T3 (es) 2005-03-01
CA2265979A1 (fr) 1999-09-26
DE19813351A1 (de) 1999-09-30
EP0945534A3 (fr) 2000-11-22
KR100292422B1 (ko) 2001-06-01
ID22332A (id) 1999-09-30
IL129084A (en) 2002-09-12
BR9901117A (pt) 1999-12-14
CN1230606A (zh) 1999-10-06
IL129084A0 (en) 2000-02-17
RU2150537C1 (ru) 2000-06-10
CA2265979C (fr) 2003-07-08
KR19990078236A (ko) 1999-10-25

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