EP0942966A1 - Membrane polymere avec des enzymes localises dans la membrane et procede de preparation de produits par des reactions qui se deroulent dans des membranes polymeres - Google Patents

Membrane polymere avec des enzymes localises dans la membrane et procede de preparation de produits par des reactions qui se deroulent dans des membranes polymeres

Info

Publication number
EP0942966A1
EP0942966A1 EP97951084A EP97951084A EP0942966A1 EP 0942966 A1 EP0942966 A1 EP 0942966A1 EP 97951084 A EP97951084 A EP 97951084A EP 97951084 A EP97951084 A EP 97951084A EP 0942966 A1 EP0942966 A1 EP 0942966A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
pores
polymer
substrate
pore
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97951084A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dieter Paul
Margot Becker
Annett Oechel
Alexander Papra
Heinz Nedelmann
Thomas Weigel
Mathias Ulbricht
Hans-Georg Hicke
Lothar Willmitzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GKSS Forshungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH
Original Assignee
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
GKSS Forshungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV, GKSS Forshungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH filed Critical Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Publication of EP0942966A1 publication Critical patent/EP0942966A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
    • C12N11/08—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer
    • C12N11/089—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C12N11/096—Polyesters; Polyamides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
    • C12N11/08—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer
    • C12N11/089—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a polymer membrane in which enzymes for biocatalytic purposes are located in the pores, and to a process for the production of products by means of bioreactions occurring in polymer membranes.
  • Bioreactions in artificial membranes have been known for a long time (DE-OS 44 20 086).
  • Biocatalytic processes are localized in polymer membranes in order to make the enzymes, which are often very costly to produce or isolate, immobilized within the membrane for constant reuse, for example for carrying out continuous processes for the production of certain products.
  • Previous enzyme immobilisers particles, gels are distinguished by the fact that pore diffusion, in particular, is speed-determining there, with the result that there are limits to rapid mass transfer and, in the case of high conversions of a substrate, the removal of potentially inhibiting products, for example by pH shift, there are clear limits.
  • the so-called nuclear trace filter membrane very different pore diameters with a diameter> 30 nm can already be formed.
  • the cylindrical capillary shape formed with this membrane cannot be changed, so that a desired convective mass transfer can only be achieved to a very limited extent in certain processes.
  • the object according to the membrane according to the invention is achieved in that the open pores crossing the membrane have a substantially cylindrical to conical pore shape in cross-section of the membrane, at least the pore length and / or the pore cross-section depending on the type of substrate supplied to the membrane and of the product formed from the substrate by means of the enzymes is adjustable.
  • the advantage of the membrane according to the invention lies essentially in the fact that by forming a predetermined pore shape in relation to the cross section and the length of the pores, i.e. by the geometrically predeterminable pore shape depending on the type of substrate and the product, an optimal convective transme braner mass transfer can be realized, i.e. a so-called tortuosity factor with a small amount is possible, which is decisive for a convective transmembrane mass transfer. Otherwise, as is known from particulate or gel-like enzyme immobilized seeds, the preblend infusion would increase, which would reduce the possibilities of controlled product formation.
  • the pores are produced as such by subsequent chemical and / or physical influence after the actual manufacture of the membrane, i.e. for example, after the formation or curing of the polymer film by contact with appropriate chemical agents.
  • the density of the pores can accordingly be adjusted after the manufacture of the membrane as such by chemical and / or physical influencing, with the time and the means for forming the pores ultimately determining parameters for the pore density in this of the membrane.
  • the pore length and the pore shape determine the behavior of the membrane as a bioreactor. It has been shown that in macromolecular products it is advantageously not the cylindrical pore shape for the low molecular weight substrates that is the optimal pore shape, but such a pore shape in which the opening of the pores facing the substrate is preferably smaller than the opening of the pores on the product side.
  • the polymer membrane itself is advantageously constructed in the manner of a nuclear trace filter membrane, which advantageously ensures a uniform pore size distribution, which is of great importance for a uniform transport of the substrate acting on the membrane to the enzymes located in the pores.
  • the core track filter membrane can advantageously consist of polycarbonate or of polyethylene enterephthalate, which enable a geometrically very uniform, cylindrical formation of the capillaries and also a very narrow pore size distribution.
  • the substrate-loaded side of the membrane with a coating and, if necessary, also to subject it to a surface modification, which can advantageously be done by the surface modification being capable of being formed with monomers by photopolymerization or by photo-initiated graft polymerisation or in the case of one another advantageous embodiment of the polymer membrane by plasma polymerization or by plasma-initiated graft polymerization with monomers.
  • Acrylic acid is preferably used as the monomer, for example.
  • other functional groups which are directly or indirectly suitable for enzyme formation such as e.g. preferably primary amino groups are used.
  • the composition of the aftertreatment medium and the pH either being a sole chemical surface modification without changing the membrane structure or else being reproducible asymmetrical swelling is possible with one-sided and short-term exposure.
  • a process for the production of products by means of bioreactions taking place in polymer membranes of the aforementioned type is characterized in that the density of the enzyme charge in the pores of the membrane is adjusted as a function of the pore diameter and the pore length in such a way that the transverse diffusion of the substrate crossing the pores is increased the enzymes arranged essentially in the side wall region of the pores is an adjustable parameter of the desired chain length of the macromolecular product to be achieved.
  • the rate at which the product is discharged from the pores of the membrane can be adjusted, specifically by means of the pore size and / or pore shape and / or the pore size distribution, the adjustability of the rate also being a further adjustable parameter for the achieving desired chain length and / or branching of the macromolecular product.
  • the rate at which the product is discharged from the pores of the membrane is in turn linked to the residence time of the product in the membrane, which in turn is a parameter influencing the quality of the product.
  • the polymer membrane according to the invention it is not only the shape of the pores in the The cross-section and the pore length are decisive, rather the type of overflow of the polymer membrane is decisive for the formation of an optimal mass transfer. It has been found that an optimal mass transfer is achieved by the substrate flowing tangentially over the polymer membrane (cross-flow process control), with the result that no process-determining concentration polarization can develop when there is a strong tangential flow over the membrane surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a membrane in a greatly enlarged and simplified form for illustration purposes, in which the pores are influenced by the formation of a monomer pl as a to form conical pore shapes,
  • Fig. 4 in section a pore of a membrane, in which a cross flow of the substrate is schematically shown, which interacts with the enzymes localized in the pore in function onel 1 he interaction, wherein in the supply area of the pore (schematically) an oligomer arises and with the formation of intermediate steps in the direction of the substrate-side output of the pore polymers in function onel 1 he interaction with the enzymes, which are then discharged as a defined product, and
  • FIG. 2 a there shows several ideal pores 11 which are cylindrical in the polymer membrane 10, as are known, for example, from known nuclear trace filter membranes.
  • a substrate 15 and a product 16 have approximately the same size molecules 19 (low molecular weight substances).
  • a funnel or conical pore 11 is shown in FIG. 2 b, in which the molecules of the substrate 15 are substantially larger than the molecules of the product 16. In the case of a pore 11 of this type, a substrate jam is fundamentally possible.
  • 2 c shows the structure of a polymer membrane 10 according to the invention in which the pore has a conical structure with which a polymeric product 16 according to the invention can be produced from a monomeric substrate 15.
  • FIG. 3 shows the polymer membrane 10 as it is possible with regard to the pores 11 designed according to the invention to create a functioning bioreactor.
  • the Enzymes 12 are localized on the walls of the pores 11, the enzyme loading density being adjustable in that the pores 11 are equipped either a priori with reactive membrane polymers or with subsequent chemical or physical modification with the desired density of such functionalities which enable covalent enzyme binding.
  • the diameter of the opening 18 of the pores 11 corresponds to the product diameter of the resulting macromolecule.
  • the diameter of the opening 18 on the product outlet side is very much larger than the macromolecule diameter.
  • an emerging substrate cross flow which must be avoided as far as possible, can be reduced by the incorporation of defined molecular associations of enzymes 12.
  • the product diameter of the opening 18 is smaller than the desired macromolecule diameter.
  • pore clogging occurs more or less quickly, so that after a corresponding start-up phase, such macromolecular fractions are mutually exclusive in this way.
  • the pores 11, which have a diameter approximately the same size as the desired macromolecule clogging can also quickly occur with very large amounts of substrate.
  • the distance between the Membranes 10 is defined, for example, by spacers, one can optionally apply a corresponding action to the individual membranes 10 after prior filtration of the filtrate.
  • the polymer membrane 10 according to the invention can in principle be designed in the form of flat membranes but also hollow fiber membranes, wherein the flat membranes and the hollow thread membranes can be constructed as so-called composite membranes.
  • multi-enzyme systems or coenzyme bindings can be realized, it being possible to start from mixtures and to couple the enzymes in a statistically distributed manner, or to use different binding affinities and thus to determine a topochemical sequence or distribution.
  • the polymer membrane 10 according to the invention also includes the possibility of adjusting controllable biocatalysis distribution equilibrium and one can either carry out resynthesis in the aqueous medium or possibly synthesize new products in the organic medium.
  • Argon flow rate from 100 to 1000 sccm, preferably 500 sccm; additionally oxygen flow rate from 50 to 500 sccm, preferably no oxygen;
  • Argon flow rate from 100 to 500 sccm, preferably 500 sccm;
  • Acrylic acid flow rate from 30 to 200 sccm, preferably 50 sccm;
  • Example 1 Pulse frequency of 500 to 10,000 Hz, preferably 10,000 Hz; Duty cycle of 30 to 70%, preferably 50%.
  • a polyester core trace filter membrane with a capillary diameter d 100 nm was coated with an acrylic acid sculpturepolymer layer after 5 min of cleaning in ethanol by means of a non-equilibrium plasma polymerisation system using the remote method.
  • the membrane was exposed for 5 s at a process pressure of 30 Pa, an argon flow rate of 500 sccm and a continuous microwave field with an output of
  • the enzyme inulin insucrase was covalently coupled to the carboxyl group-containing polyester core trace filter membrane coated in this way.
  • the initial water permeability of J Q 2400 1 / hm bar decreased due to the plasma treatment
  • M 10,000 kDa obtained. A continuous process was possible, the membrane did not become blocked.
  • Polypropylene and membrane coatings (MFM) with a sponge structure, symmetrical pore size distribution and average effective pore diameters (dp Q ) of 100, 200 and 450 nm were formed by photoinitiated heterogeneous graft copolymers of carboxyl and ami no-acrylic data on the entire surface functional i si ert.
  • the membranes were first coated from a methanolic solution (0.01 ... 0.2 mol / 1) with the photoinitiator benzophenone (BP) for 1 ... 16 h. Subsequently, the membranes in aqueous, with BP saturated solutions of acrylic acid (AA; 5 ... 100 g / 1) or 2-amino methyl methacrylate (A EMA, 10 ... 50 g / 1) with a UV light Irradiated excitation wavelength of ⁇ > 300 nm or 290 nm> ⁇ > 320 nm between 15 and 120 min. The membranes were then extracted thoroughly with water, possibly also with methanol. In this way, the functional level (DG) between 0 and
  • Polyester core trace filter membrane with capillary diameters (dp Q ) between 30 and 3000 nm were functionalized on the entire surface by photoinitiated heterogeneous graft copolymers of carboxyl or amino acrylates.
  • the membranes were first coated from a methanolic solution (0.1 mol / 1) with the photoinitiator benzophenone. Then the membranes in aqueous solutions saturated with benzophenone from
  • Acrylic acid (AA; 5 ... 100 g / 1) or 2-aminoethyl ethacrylate (AmEMA, 10 ... 50 g / 1) with UV light
  • the functionalization level could be varied between 0 and 100 ⁇ g / cm.
  • graft tentacles particularly significant changes in the effective pore diameter - with consequence for the membrane permeability - 1 i tat - are achieved for medium degrees of functionalization and depending on the pH value .
  • the enzyme inulin sucrase (FTF) was covalently coupled to carboxyl group-containing membranes using the carbodiimide method.
  • the enzyme inulin sucrase was covalently coupled to membranes containing amino groups by means of glutaral dehyde.

Landscapes

  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)

Abstract

Cette membrane polymère (10), qui contient dans ses pores des enzymes localisés utiles à des fins biocatalytiques, est constituée de pores ouverts (11) qui traversent la membrane (10) avec des pores cylindriques à coniques (10) dans la section transversale de la membrane (10). Au moins la longueur (13) des pores et/ou la section transversale (16) des pores peut être réglée en fonction du type d'un substrat (15) amené à la membrane (10) et d'un produit (16) formé par les enzymes (12) à partir du substrat (15). L'invention concerne également un procédé selon lequel la densité du chargement en enzymes des pores de la membrane est réglée en fonction du diamètre et de la longueur des pores, de sorte que la diffusion transversale ainsi obtenue du substrat qui traverse les pores jusqu'aux enzymes, qui se situent essentiellement dans la zone d'une paroi latérale des pores, représente un paramètre réglable de la longueur voulue de la chaîne et/ou de la ramification du produit macromoléculaire ainsi obtenu.
EP97951084A 1996-11-26 1997-11-22 Membrane polymere avec des enzymes localises dans la membrane et procede de preparation de produits par des reactions qui se deroulent dans des membranes polymeres Withdrawn EP0942966A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19648881 1996-11-26
DE19648881A DE19648881C2 (de) 1996-11-26 1996-11-26 Polymermembran mit in der Membran lokalisierten Enzymen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von Erzeugnissen mittels in Polymermembranen ablaufender Reaktionen
PCT/DE1997/002736 WO1998023734A1 (fr) 1996-11-26 1997-11-22 Membrane polymere avec des enzymes localises dans la membrane et procede de preparation de produits par des reactions qui se deroulent dans des membranes polymeres

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0942966A1 true EP0942966A1 (fr) 1999-09-22

Family

ID=7812768

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97951084A Withdrawn EP0942966A1 (fr) 1996-11-26 1997-11-22 Membrane polymere avec des enzymes localises dans la membrane et procede de preparation de produits par des reactions qui se deroulent dans des membranes polymeres

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0942966A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19648881C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998023734A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10032033C1 (de) * 2000-07-05 2002-05-29 Geesthacht Gkss Forschung Polymermembran, bei der in den Poren Enzyme für biokatalytische Reaktionen lokalisiert sind, und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE60237531D1 (de) * 2001-10-11 2010-10-14 Aviva Biosciences Corp Verfahren zum trennen von seltenen zellen von fluidproben
US20140008210A1 (en) * 2012-07-06 2014-01-09 Aviva Biosciences Corporation Methods and compositions for separating or enriching cells
DE10164022A1 (de) * 2001-12-28 2003-09-11 Geesthacht Gkss Forschung Polymermembran, bei der in den Poren Biomoleküle für bioaffine Wechselwirkungen lokalisiert sind, und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US20120129252A1 (en) * 2010-11-11 2012-05-24 Seubert Ronald C Method and system for cell filtration

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5913188B2 (ja) * 1979-12-18 1984-03-28 松下電器産業株式会社 酵素固定化膜の製造法
JPS57122797A (en) * 1981-01-19 1982-07-30 Toyobo Co Ltd Production of immobilized enzyme membrane
US4376046A (en) * 1981-06-01 1983-03-08 Deutsch Daniel Harold System with asymmetric microporous membrane for the circulation or movement of solutions
JPH01119309A (ja) * 1987-11-04 1989-05-11 Tokyo Inst Of Technol 異方透過性反応型多孔質分離膜
SU1535892A1 (ru) * 1988-04-15 1990-01-15 Институт биохимии АН ЛитССР Способ получени ферментных мембран
DE3818860A1 (de) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-07 Seitz Filter Werke Filterelement
US5130237A (en) * 1989-06-19 1992-07-14 Clemson University Substrate conversion with an enzyme immobilized on an ultrafiltration membrane

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9823734A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19648881A1 (de) 1998-06-04
WO1998023734A1 (fr) 1998-06-04
DE19648881C2 (de) 1999-12-23

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