EP0912768B1 - Procede de fabrication d'une tole d'acier electrique a grains orientes pour la fabrication notamment de circuits magnetiques de transformateurs - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'une tole d'acier electrique a grains orientes pour la fabrication notamment de circuits magnetiques de transformateurs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0912768B1 EP0912768B1 EP98914939A EP98914939A EP0912768B1 EP 0912768 B1 EP0912768 B1 EP 0912768B1 EP 98914939 A EP98914939 A EP 98914939A EP 98914939 A EP98914939 A EP 98914939A EP 0912768 B1 EP0912768 B1 EP 0912768B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- annealing
- hot
- strip
- sheet
- precipitated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 95
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AFYNYVFJTDCVBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[S] Chemical compound [Si].[S] AFYNYVFJTDCVBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 56
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- SLZWEMYSYKOWCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etacelasil Chemical compound COCCO[Si](CCCl)(OCCOC)OCCOC SLZWEMYSYKOWCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Chemical compound O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001224 Grain-oriented electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000308356 Tesia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- MODGUXHMLLXODK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Br].CO Chemical compound [Br].CO MODGUXHMLLXODK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940095054 ammoniac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiosulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1222—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1261—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest following hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
- C21D8/1288—Application of a tension-inducing coating
Definitions
- the texture ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001> whereby the axes ⁇ 001>, which are axes of easy magnetization, are substantially parallel to the rolling direction and the ⁇ 110 ⁇ planes are substantially parallel to the surface of the sheet, giving the grain electrical steel sheets oriented with good magnetic properties in the rolling direction.
- the fine precipitates MnS, AIN and CuS alone or in combination, of mean diameter less than 100 nm are growth inhibitors normal of primary grains not having the orientation ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001>.
- the redissolution of the AIN precipitates during reheating of the slab is incomplete, nitriding of the sheet decarburized being carried out to form the main inhibitor (Al, Si) N under forms fine particles before the start of secondary recrystallization.
- the sulfur content is limited and less than 0.012%.
- Aluminum nitrides AIN are only redissolved in one low proportion and also do not participate in inhibition since they are in the form of coarse particles in the hot-rolled sheet, in one amount equal to at least 60% of the total nitrogen content.
- the inhibition is essentially carried out by the fine particles of copper sulfide which are formed during the annealing of the rolled sheet to hot.
- the precipitates containing sulfur and / or nitrogen are redissolved during the reheating of the slab as a result of the adaptation of the chemical composition: sulfur ⁇ 0.020%, aluminum ⁇ 0.030%, [(% S) x (% Mn)] ⁇ 160.10 -5 and [(% Al) x (% N)] ⁇ 240.10 -6 .
- the steel is hot rolled in order to precipitate the whole sulfur in the form of fine particles.
- the steel is hot rolled so that do not precipitate nitrogen as fine AIN particles.
- steel hot-rolled is annealed to precipitate nitrogen in the form of fine AIN particles which constitute the main inhibitor.
- magnesia used as an annealing separator can be added to the magnesia used as an annealing separator at least one sulfur and / or nitrogen compound which allows additional inhibition.
- the object of the present invention in accordance with claim 1 is to manufacture an electric steel sheet grain oriented ensuring improved magnetic quality sheet metal when the slab or strip is reheated at a temperature below 1350 ° C before hot rolling.
- the invention also relates to an electric grain steel sheet oriented, obtained by the process.
- FIG. 1 shows the mass percentage of non-precipitated sulfur, in the form of coarse particles with a diameter greater than or equal to 300 nm, hot rolled sheet before annealing, as shown on the curve A and hot-rolled sheet after annealing, as shown in the curve B, the mass percentage of non-precipitated sulfur being a function of the percentage by mass of the total sulfur contained in the reheated slab at 1300 ° C.
- Figures 2a, 2b, 2c show the magnetic characteristics of sheet metal, sheet metal to the final thickness 0.285mm after cold rolling, coated an insulating coating inducing a tensile stress, the slab having been heated to 1300 ° C, depending on the mass percentage of sulfur not precipitated as coarse particles of equal diameter or greater than 300 nm from the hot-rolled sheet before annealing.
- Figure 3 shows the B800 induction of the final product at thickness 0.285 mm after cold rolling as a function of the annealing temperature the hot rolled sheet, the slab having been reheated to 1300 ° C.
- Figure 4 shows the average diameter, in microns, of the grain after the primary recrystallization and decarburization annealing depending on the mass percentage of the sulfur of the slab reheated to 1300 ° C, the thickness of the hot rolled strip being 2.3 mm and 2 mm.
- FIG. 5 presents the magnetic characteristics of the final product, to the thickness 0.285 mm, depending on the percentage of grains having a diameter greater than 15 ⁇ m, after primary recrystallization annealing and decarburization, the heating of the slab being carried out at 1300 ° C.
- Figures 6a, 6b, 6c show the magnetic characteristics of the final product, thickness 0.285 mm, depending on the percentage of grains having a diameter less than 5 ⁇ m, after primary recrystallization annealing and decarburization, the heating of the slab being carried out at 1300 ° C.
- Figure 7 shows the losses at 1.7 T and 50 Hz of the final product, at the thickness 0.285 mm, depending on the percentage by weight of aluminum soluble in the slab reheated to 1300 ° C.
- Figures 8a, 8b, 8c show the magnetic characteristics of the final product at the thickness 0.285 mm as a function of the mass percentage in tin of the slab reheated to 1300 ° C and the mass percentage l of the non-precipitated sulfur in the form of coarse particles of equal diameter or greater than 300 nm, hot-rolled sheet before annealing.
- fine particles particles the average diameter of which is less than 300 nm, most of these particles with an average diameter less than 100 nm, per particle coarse, particles whose average diameter is equal to or greater than 300 nm, and in particular by non-precipitated sulfur in the form of particles coarse, sulfur precipitated mainly as fine particles the majority of which have an average diameter of less than 100 nm and sulfur in solid solution.
- the mass percentage l of non-precipitated sulfur in the form of coarse particles from hot rolled sheet is equal to the difference between the mass percentage of total sulfur in the steel slab, determined by chemical analysis, and the mass percentage of sulfur precipitated under coarse particle form of hot-rolled sheet, determined at Electronique scanning microscope. In order to eliminate artifacts from detection, only precipitates containing sulfur of equal average diameter or greater than 300 nm have been taken into account. Crossings in the fields contiguous were made on a micrographic section, from the upper side on the underside of the sheet, with a magnification of 1000 and with a electron acceleration voltage of 15 kV. The area fraction of sulfur-containing precipitates is equal to the total area of the precipitates containing sulfur over the total area examined.
- the fraction surface area of the precipitates is equal to the volume fraction of the precipitates.
- Hot roughing and finishing laminates are made in continuous, by successive passage in, for example, the twelve cages of a rolling mill, the successive reduction rates being 21, 39, 20 25 and 25% for roughing rolling and 53, 38, 43, 38, 26, 18 and 4% for the finish rolling.
- 2.3mm thick hot rolled sheet is wound at a temperature between 510 ° C and 540 ° C.
- Hot rolled sheet metal annealing is carried out with a temperature rise of 1100 ° C in 100 seconds, maintaining 1100 ° C for 160 seconds, cooling to 800 ° C in 30 seconds and quenching at 65 ° C in 10 seconds.
- the hot rolled and annealed sheet is then subjected to rolling cold to the thickness of 0.285 mm in a step comprising six passes corresponding to successive reduction rates of approximately 30% and at an overall reduction rate of 87.6%, the rolling temperature exceeding 150 ° C for at least one pass.
- the cold-rolled sheet is subjected to a primary recrystallization and to a decarburization comprising in particular a rise to the temperature of 700 ° C in approximately 15 seconds, a rise from 700 ° C to 820 ° C in approximately 100 seconds, a holding at 820 ° C for 40 seconds in a humid N 2 / H 2 atmosphere.
- the decarburized sheet is coated with a milk of magnesia containing 150 g of MgO magnesia per liter of water, 6 g of TiO 2 per 100 g of MgO, 0.04% of antimony chloride per 100 g of MgO, and dried .
- the decarburized sheet coated with magnesia is then subjected to a secondary recrystallization annealing with a temperature rise of 15 ° C / h, under an atmosphere 25% N 2 - 75% H 2 , between 650 ° C and 1200 ° C and a maintenance at 12.00 ° C under hydrogen until complete purification of the metal in S and N.
- Curve A in Figure 1 shows, unpredictably, that under the heating conditions at 1300 ° C of the pouring slab continuous and hot rolling according to the invention, the mass percentage non-precipitated sulfur in the form of coarse sheet metal particles hot rolled not annealed increases when the mass percentage of the total sulfur in the slab increases.
- the No. 1 steel slab with the lowest percentage of total sulfur. 0.011%, and which does not contain a voluntary addition of tin leads to a end product characterized by poor magnetic quality, the mass percentage of non-precipitated sulfur in the form of particles coarse with an average diameter equal to or greater than 300 nm being of 0.0055% in hot rolled sheet.
- Steel No. 2 the slab of which contains 0.015% total sulfur and of which the hot-rolled sheet has a mass percentage of sulfur not precipitated as coarse particles greater than 0.006%, has a slightly lower magnetic quality than that of steels 3, 4 and 5, of which hot rolled sheets are characterized by a mass percentage higher non-precipitated sulfur as coarse particles.
- the Figure 3 shows, the slab having been heated to 1300 ° C, as soon as we strongly deviates from the optimal annealing temperature, close to 1100 ° C., hot-rolled sheet corresponding to steel No. 2, the quality magnetic representation by the B800 induction is strongly degraded, in particular when the annealing temperature is equal to 1050 and 1150 ° C., the thickness of the final product being 0.285 mm after cold rolling.
- a steel slab n ° 3 was reheated in another example, at core, at 1250 ° C, the core of the slab 210 mm thick being maintained 45 minutes above 1200 ° C, including 32 minutes above at 1230 ° C.
- the end temperature of hot rolling of roughing is 1075 ° C
- the temperature at which hot rolling begins finish temperature is 1030 ° C
- the end temperature of the hot rolling of finish is 950 ° C
- the winding temperature is 525 ° C.
- Annealing hot rolled sheet was made at 1100 ° C for 160 seconds, with the temperature rise and cooling conditions already described.
- l mass percentage of sulfur not precipitated as coarse particles with a diameter equal to or greater than 300 nm, in hot rolled sheet.
- a reheat time of the slab or strip longer allows to increase, in hot rolled sheet or in band, the mass percentage of non-precipitated sulfur as coarse particles with a diameter of 300 nm or more. So the the core of a steel slab n ° 3 was heated to 1300 ° C in the following conditions: maintenance of 65 minutes above 1250 ° C, of which 45 minutes above 1280 ° C. Under these conditions, the percentage mass l of the non-precipitated sulfur in the form of coarse particles is 0.013% in hot-rolled sheet, instead of 0.008% (Table 2).
- Annealing of the hot-rolled sheet according to the invention must be carried out under conditions such that there is no increase in the percentage of the sulfur precipitated as coarse particles of equal mean diameter or greater than 300 nm.
- the annealing conditions according to the invention must favor the partial dissolution of precipitates of equal average diameter or greater than 300 nm and precipitation of sulfur in solid solution, at cooling, in the form of fine particles of smaller average diameter at 100 nm.
- Curve B in Figure 1 shows examples, according to the invention, the percentage by mass of sulfur not precipitated in the form of coarse particles with an average diameter equal to or greater than 300 nm, i.e. in solid solution and precipitated essentially in the form of fine particles with an average diameter of less than 100 nm, after annealing the hot rolled sheet.
- the mass percentage of sulfur in solid solution and precipitated in the form of fine particles, after annealing the rolled sheet to hot is greater than 0.010% for steels 3, 4 and 5.
- the method according to the invention allows the precipitation of sulfur in solid solution in the form of fine particles of average diameter less than 100 nm during the annealing carried out before or / and after the first cold rolling, during decarburization annealing, during secondary recrystallization annealing and in particular before the start of the secondary recrystallization.
- the annealing of the hot-rolled sheet or strip, according to the invention, must also be carried out under conditions such that there is significant precipitation of nitrogen, with more than 60% of the mass percentage of nitrogen. total, in the form of fine particles with an average diameter less than or equal to 100 nm.
- Mass percentage of nitrogen precipitated in the AIN state in the hot-rolled strip Reheating temperature N of AIN (10 -4 %) Steel 1 1250 ° C 6 Steel 1 1300 ° C 2 Steel 2 1250 ° C 8 Steel 2 1300 ° C 4 Steel 3 1250 ° C 14 Steel 3 1300 ° C 4 Steel 4 1300 ° C 9 Steel 5 1300 ° C 8
- the principle of the method for measuring the percentage by mass of precipitated nitrogen is as follows: dissolving the matrix using a bromine-methanol mixture, separation of the precipitated aluminum by filtration through a membrane, dissolution of aluminum nitride by dilute sodium hydroxide, determination of aluminum by ICP emission spectrometry and calculation of the corresponding nitrogen.
- Mass percentage of nitrogen precipitated in the AIN state after annealing of the hot-rolled strip Reheating temperature N of AIN (10 -4 %) Steel 1 1250 ° C 50 Steel 1 1300 ° C 55 Steel 2 1250 ° C - Steel 2 1300 ° C 58 Steel 3 1250 ° C 50 Steel 3 1300 ° C 53 Steel 4 1300 ° C 57 Steel 5 1300 ° C 56
- Tables 3 and 4 show typical percentage values mass of nitrogen precipitated before and after annealing the hot rolled sheet. It has been verified by transmission electron microscopy that the diameter mean nitrogen-containing particles is less than 100 nm, before and after annealing the hot rolled sheet.
- annealing the rolled sheet hot or tape simultaneously promoting the decrease in mass percentage of sulfur precipitated as coarse particles of average diameter equal to or greater than 300 nm and the precipitation of nitrogen in the form of fine AIN particles, alone or combined with sulfur, average diameter less than 100 nm.
- the above examples correspond to an annealing cycle, according to the invention, comprising the rise in temperature, maintaining at a given temperature and cooling rapid, and in particular comprising maintaining between 900 ° C and 1150 ° C of minus 50 seconds.
- More complex cycles can be used, for example a temperature rise to 800 ° C in 50 seconds, from 800 ° C to 1100 ° C in 40 seconds, a 50 second hold between 1100 ° C and 1125 ° C, cooling from 1125 ° C to 900 ° C in 30 seconds, holding at 900 ° C for 160 seconds, cooling from 900 ° C to 100 ° C in less than 40 seconds.
- losses at 1.7 Tesla and 50 Hz of 1.01 W / kg, losses at 1.5 Tesla and 50 Hz of 0.75 W / kg and a B800 induction of 1.94 Tesla were obtained from a No. 3 steel slab reheated to 1300 ° C for a final thickness of 0.285 mm after cold rolling in a step, the final product being coated with an inducing insulating coating tensile stress.
- Figures 2a, 2b, 2c show an example of characteristics magnetic of the final product to the thickness 0.285 mm after cold rolling in one step, coated with an insulating coating inducing a stress traction: energy losses W (1.5 / 50), W (1.7 / 50) in Watt / kg at one frequency of 50 Hz and for a work induction of 1.5 respectively Tesla and 1.7 Tesla and B800 induction acquired under a magnetic field of 800 A / m depending on the percentage by mass of sulfur not precipitated under form of coarse particles of the hot-rolled sheet (before annealing), the slab having been reheated to 1300 ° C.
- a reduction rate at cold above 70%, before the primary recrystallization annealing and decarburization provides a B800 induction greater than 1.84 Tesia and may exceed 1.90 Tesla if the mass percentage of sulfur not precipitated as coarse particles of equal average diameter or greater than 300 nm is greater than 0.006% before annealing primary recrystallization and decarburization.
- cold rolling will preferably be carried out in two stages, with a intermediate annealing.
- a reduction rate in the second rolling step at cold, after intermediate annealing, greater than 70% provides a B800 induction greater than 1.84 Tesla and possibly exceeding 1.90 Tesla if, in hot-rolled sheet, the mass percentage l of sulfur not precipitate in the form of coarse particles is greater than 0.006%, the slab containing less than 0.08% tin.
- Annealing hot rolled sheet or strip before rolling cold in one step and intermediate annealing before the second rolling to cold in a two-stage cold rolling include a hold at least 50 seconds between 900 ° C and 1150 ° C, followed by a rapid cooling.
- the rolled sheet hot or the strip may be annealed before the first rolling at cold.
- Such annealing promotes obtaining a good magnetic quality.
- This annealing includes maintaining at least 50 seconds between 900 ° C and 11 50 ° C, followed by rapid cooling. It contributes to the solution partial coarse particles containing sulfur and precipitation fine particles containing sulfur or (and) nitrogen. In no case does it must lead to the formation of coarse particles containing sulfur and or nitrogen.
- the sheet is maintained at a temperature above 150 ° C for at least one passes from the cold rolling stage preceding the recrystallization annealing primary and decarburization, cold rolling taking place in one or two steps. Raising the temperature of the sheet above 150 ° C during several passes promotes good quality magnetic, especially if the cold reduction rate is greater than 70%.
- the non-precipitated sulfur in the form of coarse particles influences the grain size formed by primary recrystallization, the mean grain diameter after primary recrystallization and decarburization being according to the invention less than 15 microns.
- the conditions according to the invention are not met, and especially when the mass percentage of sulfur not precipitated under coarse particle form is less than 0.006% before annealing primary recrystallization and decarburization, some primary grains have a diameter greater than 15 microns due to a quantity insufficient sulfur in solid solution and precipitated as fines particles with an average diameter of less than 100 nm. It follows a bad secondary recrystallization and degradation of the magnetic quality.
- the Figure 4 shows the influence of the mass percentage of sulfur in the slab on the average diameter expressed in ⁇ m of the grain after annealing primary recrystallization and decarburization.
- the average grain diameter primary decreases when the mass percentage of total sulfur in the slab increases.
- the average grain diameter primary changes little as a function of the mass percentage of the total sulfur of the slab which is linked to the mass percentage of sulfur not precipitated under form of coarse particles with an average diameter of 300 or more nm of the hot rolled sheet by the relation of figure 1.
- the use of a thickness of the laminated strip 2 mm hot appears preferable to improve the magnetic quality.
- the improvement is 6%, 5% and 1% respectively for the losses and the B800 when the thickness of the hot rolled strip is 2 mm rather than 2.3 mm, cold rolling being carried out in one step.
- Figures 5 and 6 show that, in the case of the example above, for thicknesses of hot and cold rolled strips 2.00 mm and 0.285 mm respectively, the best quality magnetic, losses at 1.5 T and 1.7 T the lowest and B800 the highest, is obtained when the percentage of primary grains in diameter greater than 15 ⁇ m is less than 25%, and preferably less than 20%, and when the percentage of primary grains with a diameter of less than 5 ⁇ m is greater than 10%, the average grain diameter after annealing primary recrystallization and decarburization being close to 10 ⁇ m.
- magnesia In addition to the optional addition of titanium dioxide the addition to magnesia, alone or in combination, of boron or a boron compound, sulfur or one or more sulfur compounds, one or more sulfur and nitrogen compounds, antimony chloride, a compound of tin improves the magnetic quality.
- magnesia additives enhance the inhibition of normal growth of primary grains during secondary recrystallization annealing.
- magnesium, manganese sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sulfate ammonium, ammonium thiosulfate, amidosulfuric acid (or acid sulfamic), urea, thiourea, tin sulfate can improve the quality magnetic.
- nitriding at a temperature above 500 ° C, with ammonia (NH 3 ) diluted in an N 2 / H 2 mixture is another means of reinforcing the inhibition and improving the magnetic quality .
- the increase in the manganese content can exceed 0.20% provided that the mass percentage of sulfur not precipitated as coarse particles of equal average diameter or greater than 300 nm remains greater than 0.006% before the annealing of primary recrystallization and decarburization.
- This increase in manganese content, a gammagenic element that promotes formation austenite may be accompanied by a decrease in the sulfur content and a decrease in the carbon content, gamma element, and or a increase in the content of silicon, an alpha-element which promotes ferrite formation. It is essential to maintain a certain fraction austenite to dissolve AIN during reheating of the slab or bandaged.
- the method according to the present invention is described for slabs continuous casting thickness between 150 and 300 mm. More the greater the slab thickness, the longer the time required for reach the target temperature at the heart of the slab. In the case of a reheating at parade, for example, it is best to slow down the speed passage of the slab in the oven when the thickness of the slab passes from 210 mm to 240 mm. It is possible to accelerate the speed of passage of the slab in the reheating furnace when the slab is thin, i.e. of thickness between approximately 15 and 100 mm.
- the temperature of hot winding must be such that the mass percentage of sulfur not precipitated as coarse particles is equal to or greater than 0.004% and preferably 0.006% and such as the mass percentage nitrogen precipitated only as fine particles is less than 40% of the total mass percentage of nitrogen in the hot-rolled sheet. This temperature is generally less than 700 ° C.
- the method according to the present invention can also be applied to thin strips of thickness between 1 and 10 mm obtained by pouring of liquid steel between two cooled rollers, the strips being quickly reheated to the core, given the small thickness, to a temperature below 1350 ° C before hot rolling.
- the number of hot rolling passes is a function of the initial thickness of the slab or strip and the thickness of the sheet hot rolled. If the thickness of the slab or strip cast in continuous is sufficiently low, hot rolling roughing can be deleted.
- Reheating and hot rolling of the thin strip cast in continuous can be suppressed if the mass percentage of sulfur not precipitated as coarse particles with a diameter equal to or greater than 300 nm, is greater than 0.006% and if the mass percentage of nitrogen precipitated only as fine particles is less than 40% of the total mass percentage of nitrogen in the raw sheet metal between two rolls.
- the thin strip is then subjected to at least one annealing according to the invention.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
- une coulée d'un acier en continu sous forme de brame ou de bande d'acier contenant dans leur composition chimique pondérale moins de 0,1 % de carbone, plus de 2,5 % de silicium, notamment, les éléments aluminium, azote, manganèse, cuivre, et soufre destinés à former des précipités inhibiteurs de la croissance normale des grains primaires, et éventuellement de l'étain,
- un réchauffage de la brame ou de la bande,
- un laminage à chaud de la brame et éventuellement de la bande pour l'obtention d'une tôle d'épaisseur comprise entre 1 et 5 mm,
- un bobinage à chaud de la tôle laminée à chaud,
- un recuit de la tôle laminée à chaud ou de la bande,
- un laminage à froid à une épaisseur finale égale ou inférieure à 0,65 mm en une seule étape ou un laminage à froid en deux étapes avec recuit intermédiaire, le recuit de la tôle laminée à chaud ou de la bande étant dans ce cas facultatif,
- un recuit de recristallisation primaire et de décarburation, au défilé, en atmosphère humide contenant N2 et H2,
- une application sur les deux faces de la tôle décarburée d'un séparateur de recuit constitué principalement de magnésie MgO,
- un recuit de recristallisation secondaire et d'épuration en bobine,
- une application d'un revêtement isolant induisant une contrainte de traction et un recuit de cuisson du revêtement, durant lequel est généralement effectué le planage à chaud de la tôle.
- la précipitation de la totalité du soufre sous forme de fines particules inhibitrices dont le diamètre moyen est sensiblement inférieur à 100 nm,
- une absence de précipitation des nitrures d'aluminium AIN, la précipitation des fines particules inhibitrices AIN, de diamètre moyen inférieur à 100 nm, étant réalisée lors du recuit de la bande laminée à chaud.
- une coulée d'un acier en continu sous forme de brame ou de bande
d'acier ayant la composition pondérale suivante :
- moins de 0,1 % de carbone,
- plus de 2,5 % de silicium,
- soufre supérieur à 0,006 %,
- manganèse supérieur à 0,02 %,
- aluminium supérieur à 0,008 %,
- azote supérieur à 0,004 %,
- cuivre supérieur à 0,02 %,
- étain inférieur à 0,20 %,
- le reste étant le fer et les impuretés,
- un réchauffage à coeur de la brame ou de la bande à une température inférieure à 1350°C et un laminage à chaud de la brame et éventuellement de la bande pour l'obtention d'une tôle d'épaisseur comprise entre 1 mm et 5 mm, réalisés de façon que le pourcentage massique d'azote précipité uniquement sous forme de fines particules de diamètre moyen inférieur à 100 nm soit inférieur à 40 % du pourcentage massique total en azote dans la tôle laminée à chaud,
- un bobinage à chaud de la tôle laminée à chaud,
- un recuit de la tôle laminée à chaud ou de la bande réalisé de façon que plus de 60 % du pourcentage massique total de l'azote soit précipité uniquement sous forme de fines particules de diamètre moyen inférieur à 100 nm,
- un laminage à froid à une épaisseur égale ou inférieure à 0,65 mm en une seule étape ou un laminage à froid en deux étapes avec recuit intermédiaire, le recuit de la tôle laminée à chaud ou de la bande étant, dans ce cas, facultatif,
- un recuit de recristallisation primaire et de décarburation, au défilé, en atmosphère humide contenant H2 et N2,
- une application sur les deux faces de la tôle décarburée d'un séparateur de recuit constitué principalement de magnésie MgO,
- un recuit de recristallisation secondaire et d'épuration en bobine,
- une application d'un revêtement isolant induisant une contrainte de
traction et un recuit de cuisson du revêtement, durant lequel est généralement
effectué un planage à chaud de la tôle. Le procédé ci-dessus est
caractérisé en ce que la brame ou la bande renferme, en poids, de 0,018 %
à 0,035 % de soufre, plus de 0,018 % d'aluminium et de 0,05 % à 0,08 %
d'étain, les teneurs en manganèse et en soufre étant telles que (% Mn) x
(% S) > 140 x 10-5 et les teneurs en aluminium et azote étant telles que
(% Al) x (% N) > 120 x 10-6,
le réchauffage à coeur de la brame ou de la bande et le laminage à chaud étant réalisés de façon que le pourcentage massique du soufre non précipité sous forme de particules grossières de diamètre moyen égal ou supérieur à 300 nanomètres (nm) soit supérieur à 0,006 % dans la tôle laminée à chaud.
- la brame ou la bande est réchauffée à coeur à 1300°C dans les conditions suivantes : maintien de 65 minutes au-dessus de 1250°C, dont 45 minutes au-dessus de 1280°C ;
- après le recuit, le pourcentage massique du soufre non précipité sous forme de particules grossières de diamètre moyen égal ou supérieur à 300 nanomètres (nm) est supérieur à 0,006 % et de préférence supérieur à 0,008 %, ou mieux supérieur à 0,010 %.
- après le recuit, le pourcentage massique du soufre précipité sous forme de fines particules de diamètre moyen inférieur à 100 nm est supérieur à 0,006 % et de préférence supérieur à 0,008%.
- le recuit comprend un maintien en température de la tôle entre 900°C et 1150°C pendant au moins 50 secondes, suivi d'un refroidissement rapide.
- le recuit est effectué avant laminage à froid en une seule étape jusqu'à épaisseur finale.
- le recuit est un recuit intermédiaire, effectué après un premier laminage à froid de la tôle laminée à chaud ou de la bande au cours d'un laminage à froid en deux étapes, le recuit étant suivi d'un refroidissement rapide.
- le recuit est effectué avant laminage à froid et après un premier laminage à froid de la tôle laminée à chaud ou de la bande au cours d'un laminage à froid en deux étapes, le recuit étant suivi d'un refroidissement rapide.
- le laminage à froid précédant le recuit de recristallisation primaire et de décarburation est effectué avec un taux de réduction supérieur à 70 %.
- au moins une passe de l'étape de laminage à froid, précédant le recuit de recristallisation primaire et de décarburation, est effectuée à une température supérieure à 150°C.
- la magnésie contient, en plus de l'addition facultative de dioxyde de titane, seul ou en association, du bore ou un composé du bore, du soufre ou un ou plusieurs composés soufrés, un ou plusieurs composés azotés, un ou plusieurs composés soufrés et azotés, du chlorure d'antimoine, du sulfate d'étain.
- la tôle décarburée est soumise à une nitruration gazeuse dans une atmosphère contenant de l'ammoniac.
- un réchauffage à coeur à la température de 1300°C, le coeur des brames étant maintenu 50 minutes au-dessus de 1250°C, dont 30 minutes au-dessus de 1280°C,
- un laminage à chaud de dégrossissage en plusieurs passes et dans l'exemple d'application en cinq passes jusqu'à l'épaisseur de 45 mm, la température à la fin de la dernière passe étant comprise entre 1080°C et 1090°C,
- un laminage à chaud de finition par exemple en 7 passes, la température de début du laminage à chaud de finition étant comprise entre 1060°C et 1075°C et la température de fin du laminage à chaud de finition étant comprise entre 925°C et 935°C.
Pourcentage massique d'azote précipité à l'état AIN dans la bande laminée à chaud: | ||
T° réchauffage | N de AIN (10-4 %) | |
Acier 1 | 1250°C | 6 |
Acier 1 | 1300°C | 2 |
Acier 2 | 1250°C | 8 |
Acier 2 | 1300°C | 4 |
Acier 3 | 1250°C | 14 |
Acier 3 | 1300°C | 4 |
Acier 4 | 1300°C | 9 |
Acier 5 | 1300°C | 8 |
Pourcentage massique d'azote précipité à l'état AIN après recuit de la bande laminée à chaud : | ||
T° réchauffage | N de AIN (10-4%) | |
Acier 1 | 1250°C | 50 |
Acier 1 | 1300°C | 55 |
Acier 2 | 1250°C | - |
Acier 2 | 1300°C | 58 |
Acier 3 | 1250°C | 50 |
Acier 3 | 1300°C | 53 |
Acier 4 | 1300°C | 57 |
Acier 5 | 1300°C | 56 |
- Le pourcentage massique du soufre de la brame ou de la bande coulée en continu doit être supérieur à 0,006 % afin d'obtenir dans la tôle laminée à chaud ou la bande un pourcentage massique du soufre non précipité sous forme de particules grossières de diamètre moyen égal ou supérieur à 300 nm, supérieur à 0,006 %. Il sera de préférence inférieur à 0,05 % pour que la désulfuration pendant le recuit de purification soit complète. Il sera de préférence inférieur à 0,035% pour éviter la formation de criques de rive lors du laminage à chaud de la brame ou de la bande.
- Le pourcentage massique en azote de la brame ou de la bande coulée en continu doit être supérieur à 0,004 % afin d'obtenir une quantité suffisante de fines particules AIN qui constituent l'inhibiteur principal. Il est inférieur à 0,012 % et de préférence à 0,009% pour éviter la formation de soufflures (phénomène de blistering) à la surface de la tôle.
- Le pourcentage massique en aluminium soluble de la brame ou de la bande coulée en continu doit être supérieur à 0,008 % afin d'obtenir une quantité suffisante de fines particules AIN qui constituent l'inhibiteur principal et afin d'avoir une disponibilité suffisante en aluminium libre non combiné, dans le cas d'apport d'azote par nitruration gazeuse après décarburation ou par addition d'un ou de plusieurs composés azotés à la magnésie. Il est inférieur à 0,04 % et de préférence à 0,03% afin d'obtenir la mise en solution des précipités AIN lors du réchauffage précédant le laminage à chaud.
- Le pourcentage massique en manganèse de la brame ou de la bande coulée en continu doit être supérieur à 0,02 % afin d'obtenir une quantité suffisante de fines particules MnS qui renforcent l'inhibition et afin d'avoir une disponibilité suffisante en manganèse libre, non combiné, dans le cas d'apport de soufre par addition de soufre ou d'un ou de plusieurs composés soufrés à la magnésie.
- Le pourcentage massique en cuivre de la brame ou de la bande coulée en continu doit être supérieur à 0,02 % afin de limiter la précipitation du soufre sous forme de particules grossières dans la tôle laminée à chaud. Il est inférieur à 0,50 % et de préférence inférieur à 0,030% pour éviter les problèmes de décapage.
- Le pourcentage massique en étain de la brame ou de la bande coulée en continu doit être supérieur à 0,02 % pour avoir une influence bénéfique significative sur la qualité magnétique. Il est limité à 0,20 % afin d'éviter les problèmes de décapage et de décarburation.
- Le pourcentage massique en silicium de la brame ou de !a bande coulée en continu est supérieur à 2,5 % pour avoir de faibles pertes magnétiques. Plus ce pourcentage en silicium est élevé, plus les pertes sont faibles mais l'augmentation du pourcentage en silicium au-dessus de 4 % rend difficile le laminage à froid.
- Le pourcentage massique en carbone de la brame ou de la bande coulée en continu est limité à 0,10 % et de préférence à 0,07% car au-delà, la décarburation est difficile. Le pourcentage du carbone est supérieur à 0,02 % afin d'obtenir une bonne qualité magnétique.
Claims (14)
- Procédé de fabrication d'une tôle d'acier électrique à grains orientés pour la réalisation notamment de circuits magnétiques de transformateurs comprenant successivement :une coulée d'un acier en continu sous forme de brame ou de bande d'acier ayant la composition pondérale suivante :moins de 0,1 % de carbone,plus de 2,5 % de silicium,soufre de 0,018 à 0,035 %,manganèse supérieur à 0,02 %,aluminium supérieur à 0,018 %,azote supérieur à 0,004 %,cuivre supérieur à 0,02 %,étain de 0,05 à 0,08 %,les teneurs en manganèse et en soufre étant telles que (% Mn) x (% S) > 140 x 10-5 et les teneurs en aluminium et azote étant telles que (% Al) x (% N) > 120 x 10-6,le reste étant le fer et les impuretés,un réchauffage à coeur de la brame ou de la bande à une température inférieure à 1350°C et un laminage à chaud de la brame et éventuellement de la bande pour l'obtention d'une tôle d'épaisseur comprise entre 1 mm et 5 mm, réalisés de façon que le pourcentage massique d'azote précipité uniquement sous forme de fines particules de diamètre moyen inférieur à 100 nm soit inférieur à 40 % du pourcentage massique total en azote dans la tôle laminée à chaud, le réchauffage à coeur de la brame ou de la bande et le laminage à chaud étant réalisés de façon que le soufre précipite sous forme de particules grossières de diamètre moyen égal ou supérieur à 300 nanomètres (nm), aussi bien que sous forme de particules fines et que le pourcentage massique du soufre non précipité sous forme de particules grossières de diamètre moyen égal ou supérieur à 300 nanomètres (nm) soit supérieur à 0,006 % dans la tôle laminée à chaud,un bobinage à chaud de la tôle laminée à chaud,un recuit de la tôle laminée à chaud ou de la bande réalisé de façon que plus de 60 % du pourcentage massique total de l'azote soit précipité uniquement sous forme de fines particules de diamètre moyen inférieur à 100 nm,un laminage à froid à une épaisseur égale ou inférieure à 0,65 mm en une seule étape ou un laminage à froid en deux étapes avec recuit intermédiaire, le recuit de la tôle laminée à chaud ou de la bande étant, dans ce cas, facultatif,un recuit de recristallisation primaire et de décarburation, au défilé, en atmosphère humide contenant H2 et N2,une application sur les deux faces de la tôle décarburée d'un séparateur de recuit constitué principalement de magnésie MgO,un recuit de recristallisation secondaire et d'épuration en bobine,une application d'un revêtement isolant induisant une contrainte de traction et un recuit de cuisson du revêtement, durant lequel est généralement effectué un planage à chaud de la tôle.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la brame ou la bande est réchauffée à coeur à 1300°C dans les conditions suivantes : maintien de 65 minutes au-dessus de 1250°C, dont 45 minutes au-dessus de 1280°C.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'après le recuit, le pourcentage massique du soufre non précipité sous forme de particules grossières de diamètre moyen égal ou supérieur à 300 nanomètres (nm) est supérieur à 0,006 % et de préférence supérieur à 0,008 % ou mieux supérieur à 0,010 %.
- Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, après le recuit, le pourcentage massique du soufre précipité sous forme de fines particules de diamètre moyen inférieur à 100 nm est supérieur à 0,006 % et de préférence supérieur à 0,008 %.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le recuit comprend un maintien en température de la tôle entre 900°C et 1150°C pendant au moins 50 secondes, suivi d'un refroidissement rapide.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le recuit est effectué avant laminage à froid en une seule étape jusqu'à épaisseur finale.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le recuit est un recuit intermédiaire, effectué après un premier laminage à froid de la tôle laminée à chaud ou de la bande au cours d'un laminage à froid en deux étapes, le recuit étant suivi d'un refroidissement rapide.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le recuit est effectué avant laminage à froid et après un premier laminage à froid de la tôle laminée à chaud ou de la bande au cours d'un laminage à froid en deux étapes, le recuit étant suivi d'un refroidissement rapide.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le laminage à froid précédant le recuit de recristallisation primaire et de décarburation est effectué avec un taux de réduction supérieur à 70 %.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une passe de l'étape de laminage à froid, précédant le recuit de recristallisation primaire et de décarburation, est effectuée à une température supérieure à 150°C.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la magnésie contient, en plus de l'addition facultative de dioxyde de titane, seul ou en association, du bore ou un composé du bore, du soufre ou un ou plusieurs composés soufrés, un ou plusieurs composés azotés, un ou plusieurs composés soufrés et azotés, du chlorure d'antimoine, du sulfate d'étain.
- Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la tôle décarburée est soumise à une nitruration gazeuse dans une atmosphère contenant de l'ammoniac.
- Tôle d'acier électrique à grains orientés d'épaisseur inférieure à 0,30 mm obtenue par le procédé selon les revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente une induction B sous un champ de 800 A/m égale ou supérieure à 1,90 Tesla et des pertes à 1,7 Tesla et 50 Hertz au plus égales à 1,04 W/Kg.
- Tôle d'acier électrique à grains orientés d'épaisseur inférieure à 0,30 mm obtenue par le procédé selon les revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente une induction B sous un champ de 800 A/m égale à 1,94 Tesla et des pertes à 1,7 Tesla et 50 Hertz à 1,01 W/Kg.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9703451 | 1997-03-21 | ||
FR9703451A FR2761081B1 (fr) | 1997-03-21 | 1997-03-21 | Procede de fabrication d'une tole d'acier electrique a grains orientes pour la fabrication notamment de circuits magnetiques de transformateurs |
PCT/FR1998/000540 WO1998042882A1 (fr) | 1997-03-21 | 1998-03-18 | Procede de fabrication d'une tole d'acier electrique a grains orientes pour la fabrication notamment de circuits magnetiques de transformateurs |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0912768A1 EP0912768A1 (fr) | 1999-05-06 |
EP0912768B1 true EP0912768B1 (fr) | 2004-05-12 |
Family
ID=9505038
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98914939A Expired - Lifetime EP0912768B1 (fr) | 1997-03-21 | 1998-03-18 | Procede de fabrication d'une tole d'acier electrique a grains orientes pour la fabrication notamment de circuits magnetiques de transformateurs |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0912768B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001506704A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20000011149A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1220704A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE266742T1 (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ375398A3 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69823771T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2761081B1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL330039A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998042882A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1162280B1 (fr) * | 2000-06-05 | 2013-08-07 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Procédé de fabrication d'une tôle d'acier électrique à grains orientés presentant d'excellentes caracteristiques magnétiques |
JP4272557B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-12 | 2009-06-03 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 磁気特性に優れた一方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
JP4954876B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-10 | 2012-06-20 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 磁気特性が極めて優れた方向性電磁鋼板及びその製造方法 |
JP4823719B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-07 | 2011-11-24 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 磁気特性が極めて優れた方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
CN103878175A (zh) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种低牌号冷轧硅钢热轧工序中的热轧方法 |
DE102014112286A1 (de) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-03 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aufgestickten Verpackungsstahls |
KR101696627B1 (ko) * | 2014-11-26 | 2017-01-16 | 주식회사 포스코 | 방향성 전기강판용 소둔 분리제 조성물, 및 이를 이용한 방향성 전기강판의 제조방법 |
BR112018011105B1 (pt) * | 2015-12-04 | 2021-10-26 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Método para fabricar chapa de aço eletromagnética de grão orientado |
CN106319174B (zh) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-10-16 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | 提高低温铸坯加热高磁感取向硅钢底层质量的退火隔离剂 |
CN111020140A (zh) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-17 | 无锡晶龙华特电工有限公司 | 一种磁性优良取向硅钢氧化镁退火隔离剂及其涂覆工艺 |
CN111996354B (zh) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-04-19 | 上海实业振泰化工有限公司 | 一种取向硅钢用液体添加剂的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5948934B2 (ja) * | 1981-05-30 | 1984-11-29 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 高磁束密度一方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
DE4311151C1 (de) * | 1993-04-05 | 1994-07-28 | Thyssen Stahl Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von kornorientierten Elektroblechen mit verbesserten Ummagnetisierungsverlusten |
FR2731713B1 (fr) * | 1995-03-14 | 1997-04-11 | Ugine Sa | Procede de fabrication d'une tole d'acier electrique a grains orientes pour la realisation notamment de circuits magnetiques de transformateurs |
-
1997
- 1997-03-21 FR FR9703451A patent/FR2761081B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-03-18 EP EP98914939A patent/EP0912768B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-18 JP JP54511998A patent/JP2001506704A/ja active Pending
- 1998-03-18 CN CN98800332A patent/CN1220704A/zh active Pending
- 1998-03-18 AT AT98914939T patent/ATE266742T1/de active
- 1998-03-18 PL PL98330039A patent/PL330039A1/xx unknown
- 1998-03-18 DE DE69823771T patent/DE69823771T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-18 KR KR1019980709309A patent/KR20000011149A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-03-18 CZ CZ983753A patent/CZ375398A3/cs unknown
- 1998-03-18 WO PCT/FR1998/000540 patent/WO1998042882A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1998042882A1 (fr) | 1998-10-01 |
DE69823771T2 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
CN1220704A (zh) | 1999-06-23 |
ATE266742T1 (de) | 2004-05-15 |
DE69823771D1 (de) | 2004-06-17 |
KR20000011149A (ko) | 2000-02-25 |
FR2761081B1 (fr) | 1999-04-30 |
CZ375398A3 (cs) | 1999-07-14 |
EP0912768A1 (fr) | 1999-05-06 |
PL330039A1 (en) | 1999-04-26 |
FR2761081A1 (fr) | 1998-09-25 |
JP2001506704A (ja) | 2001-05-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0732413B1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'une tôle d'acier électrique à grains orientés notamment pour transformateurs | |
JP6738047B2 (ja) | 無方向性電磁鋼板とその製造方法 | |
JP5954347B2 (ja) | 方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 | |
CN107614725B (zh) | 取向性电磁钢板及其制造方法 | |
EP0912768B1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'une tole d'acier electrique a grains orientes pour la fabrication notamment de circuits magnetiques de transformateurs | |
KR102062553B1 (ko) | 방향성 전자 강판 및 그의 제조에 사용하는 탈탄 강판 | |
WO2012090680A1 (fr) | Matériau de fil d'acier et son procédé de production | |
WO2011114178A1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'acier magnétique à grains orientés | |
RU2758440C1 (ru) | Лист из электротехнической стали с ориентированной зеренной структурой | |
JP7341016B2 (ja) | フェライト系ステンレス冷延鋼板 | |
JP5920387B2 (ja) | 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 | |
CN113302319B (zh) | 不具有镁橄榄石被膜的绝缘被膜密合性优异的方向性电磁钢板 | |
US20230257841A1 (en) | Method for producing electrical steel sheet | |
JPH0730400B2 (ja) | 磁束密度の極めて高い方向性けい素鋼板の製造方法 | |
RU2811896C1 (ru) | Способ производства листа электротехнической стали | |
EP4108791A1 (fr) | Tôle d'acier laminée à chaud pour tôles d'acier électromagnétique non orientées, tôle d'acier électromagnétique non orientée et son procédé de fabrication | |
JP7510078B2 (ja) | 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 | |
EP4339306A1 (fr) | Procédé de production d'une feuille d'acier électrique à grains orientés | |
KR102546616B1 (ko) | 표면품질과 전기 저항 점용접성이 우수한 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
RU2768905C1 (ru) | Способ производства листа электротехнической стали с ориентированной зеренной структурой | |
EP4353849A1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication de feuille d'acier électromagnétique à grains orientés | |
JPH0726328A (ja) | 方向性珪素鋼板の製造方法 | |
JP2023554116A (ja) | 幅方向に沿って優れたスポット溶接性が均等に実現される高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板及びその製造方法 | |
KR20220089080A (ko) | 방향성 전기강판 및 그의 제조방법 | |
JP2015021162A (ja) | 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法および方向性電磁鋼板製造用の一次再結晶鋼板 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19981029 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: UGO |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20020521 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20040512 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20040512 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20040512 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: FRENCH |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69823771 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20040617 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20040812 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20040812 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20040812 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20040823 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20040823 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20050215 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20041012 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20080215 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20080313 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090331 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090331 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20090318 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20110325 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20110310 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20110331 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20121130 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120402 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 69823771 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20121002 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20120318 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20140224 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20140317 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20140327 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20121002 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MM01 Ref document number: 266742 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20150318 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20150318 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150318 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150318 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20150331 |