EP0907573A2 - Fermeture pour tube en plastique - Google Patents

Fermeture pour tube en plastique

Info

Publication number
EP0907573A2
EP0907573A2 EP97921839A EP97921839A EP0907573A2 EP 0907573 A2 EP0907573 A2 EP 0907573A2 EP 97921839 A EP97921839 A EP 97921839A EP 97921839 A EP97921839 A EP 97921839A EP 0907573 A2 EP0907573 A2 EP 0907573A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
cap
shoulder
sealing tape
plastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97921839A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0907573B1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Kühn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0907573A2 publication Critical patent/EP0907573A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0907573B1 publication Critical patent/EP0907573B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/02—Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
    • B65D41/04—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
    • B65D41/0471—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with means for positioning the cap on the container, or for limiting the movement of the cap, or for preventing accidental loosening of the cap
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
    • B65D41/3404—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with ratchet-and-pawl mechanism between the container and the closure skirt or the tamper element
    • B65D41/3409—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with ratchet-and-pawl mechanism between the container and the closure skirt or the tamper element the tamper element being integrally connected to the closure by means of bridges
    • B65D41/3414—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with ratchet-and-pawl mechanism between the container and the closure skirt or the tamper element the tamper element being integrally connected to the closure by means of bridges with drive means between closure and tamper element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00—Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32—Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/34—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
    • B65D41/3442—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with rigid bead or projections formed on the tamper element and coacting with bead or projections on the container
    • B65D41/3447—Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt with rigid bead or projections formed on the tamper element and coacting with bead or projections on the container the tamper element being integrally connected to the closure by means of bridges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plastic tube consisting of a tube body and a tube cap for flowable or free-flowing or pasty ingredients.
  • the plastic tube according to the invention has a signal band (guarantee closure) and a cap locking mechanism which locks the tube cap to the tube body when the tube cap is screwed onto the tube body
  • a disadvantage of this sealing technique lies in the possibility that after opening the tube for the first time a new seal is glued to the parting line and thus gives the impression that there is an undamaged tube. Another disadvantage is the necessity to rotate the tube to check the integrity of the seal until the seal is visible; an activity that can be very time consuming and tedious.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the technical problem of creating a plastic tube consisting of a tube cap and a tube body which, on the one hand, has a permanent fastening of the tube cap which ensures sealing, even with screw threads with a large thread pitch allows the tube body, and on the other hand has an easily recognizable seal that works reliably even with small plastic tubes.
  • the present invention solves the above problem with a plastic tube which according to claim 1 has a locking mechanism consisting of a locking cam and a locking recess.
  • the present invention solves the above problem with a plastic tube which, according to patent claim 17, has a sealing tape formed on the tube cap.
  • the present invention comprises complementary elements both with regard to the sealing tape and with regard to the locking mechanism, which are each arranged on the tube body and the tube cap. According to the invention, protection is therefore sought not only for the respective combination of tube cap and tube body, but also for the respective tube cap and the tube body itself.
  • the plastic tube according to the invention is provided with a tube locking mechanism, which consists of at least one locking cam and a complementary recess that receives the locking cam.
  • the tube is locked with the aid of the locking mechanism according to the invention in that the tube cap is placed on the tube body and then screwed on to an end position in which the locking cam resiliently springs into the recess and latches therein.
  • the tube cap advantageously also has a forced demolding stage.
  • This is advantageously arranged close to the locking cams, shifted towards the ceiling side of the tube cap, and has the effect that the locking cams are hardly damaged during their forced demolding. This is because the forced demolding causes the tube cap to be pre-stretched, which largely prevents the locking cams from being deformed.
  • the inventor of the present invention has carried out tests and found that the tube cap, which is identical per se, allows the tube cap with the tube demoulding to be considerably improved when the tube cap is locked. / 41041 TCT / EP97 / 02223
  • the tube cap is designed as a so-called standing cap with an essentially cylindrical shape, the diameter of which corresponds approximately to the largest diameter of the main tube body.
  • the screw thread advantageously covers only about a third of the inner wall of the cap, the at least one locking cam being arranged on the remaining part of the inner wall of the cap. This ensures that the tube cap can be screwed onto the tube body without problems, and the tube locking elements only interact when the tube cap has reached its end position in the screwed-on state.
  • the at least one locking cam is diamond-shaped or lens-shaped.
  • a shaping has proven to be particularly advantageous in two respects: on the one hand, it is easy to implement in terms of production technology, since injection molding processes are conventionally used to produce the tube caps, the tools of which can easily be provided with the corresponding shaping.
  • lens-shaped or diamond-shaped locking cams are preferred with regard to their locking function, since the locking cam can be easily inserted into the corresponding recess and brought out again, and nevertheless an adequate fixation is ensured.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in forming the recess, which is complementary to the locking cams, as a throat encircling the tube shoulder.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that no positioning of the at least one locking cam in the tube cap relative to the screw thread is necessary; it jumps into the recess formed as a throat if as a result the screwing movement, the corresponding axial position of the tube cap in relation to the tube body is reached.
  • six locking cams are provided, which are arranged symmetrically on the inner circumference of the tube cap; this has proven to be particularly advantageous with regard to a secure locking.
  • the locking cam is designed as a web running over the inner circumference of the tube cap. This embodiment allows an optimal locking of the tube cap, which is easy to manufacture in terms of production technology.
  • the tube cap additionally has a sealing ring arranged on the cap bottom, which seals the outlet opening of the tube when the tube cap is locked.
  • entrainment elements are provided between the tube cap and the sealing tape in addition to the connecting webs.
  • These entrainment elements enable the use of particularly thin (and therefore easily tearing) connecting webs, and on the other hand a safe and reliable first unscrewing of the cap with sealing tape, especially on very small tubes.
  • the entrainment elements either those on the cap or those on the guarantee band
  • the circumferential sides of the sealing band and the tube cap can be equipped with a variety of driving elements, which enables a particularly safe first screwing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a tube body according to the invention consisting of a tube main body and a tube shoulder
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of FIG. 1 showing the latching recess according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Tube cap in section
  • FIG. 4A shows a further preferred embodiment of the tube cap according to the invention in section, which has a sealing tape according to the invention
  • FIG. 4B shows a detailed view of the tube cap with a sealing tape, the tube cap being screwed onto a tube body according to the invention
  • FIG. 4C shows a separate retrofit part for a previously known tube which has the bulge according to the invention which interacts with a cap according to the invention with a sealing tape;
  • Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of an inventive
  • Tube which has both a sealing tape according to the invention and a tube locking mechanism according to the invention
  • Fig. 6 A, B, C a further embodiment of a Kuristofftube according to the invention and a tube cap, which has both a sealing tape according to the invention and a tube locking mechanism according to the invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 10 A plastic tube according to the invention according to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a tube body 10 of a tube according to the invention in accordance with a first preferred embodiment in a partial sectional view.
  • the tube consists of a tube main body 50 and a tube shoulder 20.
  • the tube body 10 can be made using various processes known in the art.
  • the tube body advantageously consists of plastic, which is given the desired shape using injection molding processes. Suitable materials for this are thermoplastics, such as polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) or other plastics.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PP polypropylene
  • PA polyamide
  • EVOH ethylene vinyl alcohol
  • the tube shoulder 20 preferably consists of a threaded part 21, an essentially cylindrical central part 22 and a nozzle-shaped end part 23 from which the content of the tube emerges.
  • a threaded part 21 preferably consists of a threaded part 21, an essentially cylindrical central part 22 and a nozzle-shaped end part 23 from which the content of the tube emerges.
  • other designs of the tube shoulder 20 are also conceivable.
  • the threaded part 21 is preferably a 3-course coarse thread with a thread pitch of 6 to 12 mm.
  • the essentially cylindrical central part 22 is formed directly adjacent to the threaded part 21.
  • the cylindrical middle part contains the locking recess 30 to be described in more detail in connection with FIG. 2 and can consist of a layer laminate, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the locking recess 30 can be seen from FIG. 2 (which represents a detailed view of FIG. 1).
  • the locking recess 30 consists of a throat 31 running around the circumference of the tube middle part 22, the underside of which is designed as a flat bed 31a, which has a diameter of approx. Locked in this throat 31 is the one according to the invention, to be described in more detail in connection with FIG. writing locking cam 110 of the tube cap 100 when it approaches its end position in the screwed-on state.
  • the locking cam 110 (shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2) slides over a circular or bead-like knee 23a of the end part 23, which preferably has a radius of 0.5 mm.
  • the recess 30 can also be circumferentially limited in accordance with the shape of the locking cam.
  • this embodiment is not optimal, since a defined positioning of the locking cam in relation to the recess is necessary before screwing on, in order to ensure that the cam actually reaches the recess in its end position.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the tube cap 100 according to the invention.
  • this tube cap 100 is advantageously designed as a stand cap 100, which allows the tube to be placed on the head, the top side 150 serving as a tube base.
  • a screw thread 120 is provided in the lower region complementary to the screw thread of the tube shoulder.
  • it is advantageously a three-start thread.
  • the remaining part 130 of the tube cap is dimensioned such that it can accommodate the cylindrical middle part 22 and the nozzle-shaped end part 23 of the tube shoulder 20.
  • the tube cap 100 has a sealing ring 140 which is aligned concentrically with the center of the bottom part 150 of the cap 100.
  • the diameter of the sealing ring is preferably designed such that it sits on the nozzle-shaped end part 23 of the tube shoulder 20 when the cap is screwed on, in order to seal it. This is particularly important if ingredients are kept in the tube that should not come into contact with the environment when the tube is closed, for example in order to prevent the escape of aroma or solvents.
  • the tube locking mechanism of the tube cap 100 consisting of the at least one locking cam 110 according to the invention can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • the tube locking mechanism of the tube cap 100 consisting of the at least one locking cam 110 according to the invention can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • six locking cams are provided which have a lenticular or diamond shape.
  • Such shaping has two advantages: Firstly, it is easy to manufacture in terms of production technology, since the corresponding injection molding tools can easily be designed accordingly. On the other hand, locking cams designed in this way allow easy sliding into the corresponding locking recess 30, at the same time ensuring a tight fit.
  • the locking cams 110 (for example two or more) are distributed symmetrically around the inner circumference of the cap 100.
  • a plurality of locking cams 110 can also be provided, so that in the limit case there is a locking web running along the inner wall of the cap.
  • a web is also easy to manufacture in terms of production technology and has the advantage that the cap is particularly tight.
  • the recess 30 can be formed as a throat 31 encircling the tube shoulder.
  • the locking cams 110 are located close to the threaded part 120 of the tube cap 100; they are both in the lower third of the tube cap. This has the advantage that the axial displacement torque triggered by the thread 120 is transmitted as directly as possible to the locking cams in order to effectively pull them into the complementary recess 30 of the tube shoulder 20. If the locking cams are arranged approximately in the upper third of the tube cap 100, the elasticity of the tube cap material and the resulting deformation can result in the locking cam 110 not jumping into the correspondingly provided recess in a form-fitting manner.
  • the figures 4A, 4B and 4C show the second aspect of the plastic tube according to the invention, namely a tube with a sealing tape.
  • a tube cap 100 shown is provided with a thread 120 and has a sealing strip 300 in the lower region which is connected to the tube cap by a number of webs 400.
  • the sealing tape 300 is pressed over the screw thread of the tube body until it finally has a locking surface 350, which is formed on the lower side of the sealing tape 300 and runs circularly around the sealing tape, via one on the tube shoulder trained ringworm 500 (see FIG. 4B) slips away and latches below the ring bead 500.
  • the sealing tape 300 is held axially by a holding surface 370 (see FIG. 4B).
  • FIG. 4B shows the annular bead 500 with the two surfaces 550 and 570, the surface 370 of the sealing tape 300 being shown locked on the surface 570.
  • surface 570 which is shown inclined slightly upwards, such as a horizontal surface orientation or a surface orientation pointing downwards.
  • the narrowing of the surfaces 570 and 370 is decisive for the later hold and resistance that the sealing tape 300 brings against the turning off of the tube cap, so that this must be taken into account when dimensioning.
  • the webs must not be designed too strongly, since otherwise they cannot be severed by the torque to be applied and the tensile stress associated therewith, and the sealing tape 300 would be pulled back upward over the annular bead 500.
  • FIG. 4C shows a special variant of the sealing tape arrangement according to the invention, for which protection is sought in detail.
  • a retrofit part 510 is shown which can be drawn in a form-fitting manner over a standard tube shoulder (not shown) which does not have an annular bead 500 necessary for locking with a sigil tape cap. It would thus be possible to use two small parts (for example the one shown in FIG. 4A) Sealing tape cap and the complementarily designed refill part shown in FIG. 4C) to subsequently equip any tubes with the sealing tape function according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further, particularly preferred embodiment of a plastic tube according to the invention with a sealing tape.
  • the sealing tape does not have a circular locking surface 350? instead, locking cams 350 '.
  • the ring bead 500 ' can otherwise be designed like the ring bead 500 from FIG. 4B, and the tube cap like that shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 6A-6C show an alternative tube according to the invention, as is used in particular in the USA.
  • FIGS. 6A-6C show that a bulge 500 "with a fin-like shape is used instead of an annular bead 500.
  • This bulge 500" has a surface 501 which interacts with the sealing band 300 and which seals the band opposes only very little resistance when first unscrewed, which allows the sealing tape to be opened easily.
  • the bulge exerts a barb-like resistance on the locking cams 350 'of the Sealing tape from (see FIG. 6B), which leads to the separation of sealing tape (300) and tube cap (100).
  • Driving elements 405 are shown, which are molded onto both the sealing band 300 and the tube cap 100. These driving elements 405 are in such relative angeord ⁇ net and ⁇ cooperate so that upon initial unscrewing of the Tuben ⁇ cap 100 the ridges are relieved 400 by the driving elements 405 of the occurring shear forces on the tube shoulder 20 (direction A), and upon initial separation the tube cap 100 from the tube shoulder 20 (direction of rotation B) the shear forces act in full on the webs 400 and tear them apart.
  • the driving elements 405 'on the sealing tape 300 have a run-on slope which ensures that the driving elements 405, 405' on the tube cap 100 and the sealing tape 300 are each small, that when the tube cap 100 and tube shoulder 20 (direction of rotation B) are separated for the first time, the entrainment elements 405, 405 'do not get caught but repel and lead to the webs 400 being torn.
  • FIG. 7 shows a perspective illustration of the sealing tape 300 with the torn off webs 400, the preferred entrainment elements 405 ', and the sealing tape locking surface 350.
  • the number of webs 400, as well as the shape and cross sections (see the following FIGS. 8.9 ) can be selected depending on the choice of material and / or aesthetic aspects, but according to the invention the number of webs should be at least two and they should be dimensioned such that a visible perforation can be seen. 41041 TCT / EP97 / 02223
  • the dimensioning in connection with the pitch must be selected.
  • a favorable dimensioning of the webs can be selected, especially for medical or pharmaceutical active ingredients contained in tubes and which are to be protected against abuse against children, so that only one adult applies the webs from the sealing tape or with a significantly higher torque can detach from the tube cap.
  • 400a is a web which is essentially designed as a rectangle, the tear-off area cannot be clearly determined.
  • the web 400b is likewise vertical and essentially also has a rectangular cross section, but a predetermined breaking point is provided by a notch 450, which is arranged on the upper edge of the sealing tape or on the lower end of the web 400b, at which the webs are located 400b from ring 300.
  • the web 400c is arranged offset at an angle ⁇ with respect to the horizontal, as a result of which the tube cap 100 can be screwed onto the tube body very easily and when the tube cap is unscrewed, a lateral expansion of the web 400c results in a notch effect in the region of the mouth of the web 400c is introduced into the sealing tape 300 so that the webs 400c can tear off easily.
  • the sealing tape 300 is shown in a lateral section with the surfaces 350 and 370 and the lower edge 352, the dimensioning of the webs 400 being shown only by way of example, if also preferred.
  • the side sectional view shows an additional embodiment (shown in dashed lines), according to which the surface 370 can be designed as an undercut. This embodiment also ensures a particularly secure latching of the sealing tape.
  • the rotation orientation of the tube cap is determined by the thread selection.
  • Right-handed threads as shown in Fig. 3, can be screwed onto the thread in direction A and loosened from the thread in direction B.
  • the direction of rotation is reversed for left-handed threads.
  • FIG. 9 shows two embodiments 352 a, b of the lower edge 352. These embodiments are provided with a sawtooth contour.
  • the advantage of the sawtooth contour lies in the anti-rotation effect of the sealing tape with respect to the direction of rotation B, the flanks 390 inhibiting the sealing tape against twisting, ie generating increased slip.
  • the embodiment 352a has a vertical flank 390a
  • the embodiment 352b has a flank 390b that is inclined with respect to the vertical.
  • the inclined flank 390b has the advantage over the vertical flank 390 that a greater protection against rotation is ensured and at the same time an axial displacement protection can be achieved, since a higher resistance is brought about by tilting the undercut.
  • the contours 390a, b engage in a complementary toothing arranged on the tube body.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further, preferred plastic tube, in which the screw thread of the cap 100 is molded onto the cap base 150.
  • This tube can also optionally use the locking device according to the invention.
  • Mechanism and the sealing tape according to the invention an embodiment is shown only with sealing tape).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des tubes en plastique, notamment des tubes pourvus d'un mécanisme d'arrêt constitué d'une came de verrouillage (110) et d'un évidement d'enclenchement (30) et qui permet un enclenchement fiable du couvercle du tube sur le tube. L'invention concerne également des tubes en plastique avec une bande de scellement (300) façonnée sur le couvercle (100) du tube et qui peut prendre certaines formes préférées de réalisation.
EP97921839A 1996-04-30 1997-04-30 Fermeture pour tube en plastique Expired - Lifetime EP0907573B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19617350 1996-04-30
DE19617350A DE19617350A1 (de) 1996-04-30 1996-04-30 Kappenarretierung
PCT/EP1997/002223 WO1997041041A2 (fr) 1996-04-30 1997-04-30 Fermeture pour tube en plastique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0907573A2 true EP0907573A2 (fr) 1999-04-14
EP0907573B1 EP0907573B1 (fr) 2000-08-30

Family

ID=7792938

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97921839A Expired - Lifetime EP0907573B1 (fr) 1996-04-30 1997-04-30 Fermeture pour tube en plastique

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6223919B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0907573B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11509815A (fr)
CN (1) CN1216964A (fr)
BR (1) BR9710167A (fr)
CA (1) CA2253303A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19617350A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL329642A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997041041A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1997041041A3 (fr) 1998-01-15
DE59702287D1 (de) 2000-10-05
JPH11509815A (ja) 1999-08-31
CA2253303A1 (fr) 1997-11-06
DE19617350A1 (de) 1997-11-06
CN1216964A (zh) 1999-05-19
PL329642A1 (en) 1999-04-12
EP0907573B1 (fr) 2000-08-30
BR9710167A (pt) 1999-08-10
WO1997041041A2 (fr) 1997-11-06
US6223919B1 (en) 2001-05-01

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