EP0883897A1 - Cathode froide pour lampes a decharge, lampe a decharge pourvue de la cathode froide en question et mode de fonctionnement de ladite lampe a decharge - Google Patents

Cathode froide pour lampes a decharge, lampe a decharge pourvue de la cathode froide en question et mode de fonctionnement de ladite lampe a decharge

Info

Publication number
EP0883897A1
EP0883897A1 EP97952713A EP97952713A EP0883897A1 EP 0883897 A1 EP0883897 A1 EP 0883897A1 EP 97952713 A EP97952713 A EP 97952713A EP 97952713 A EP97952713 A EP 97952713A EP 0883897 A1 EP0883897 A1 EP 0883897A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
discharge
cold cathode
electrodes
discharge lamp
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97952713A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0883897B1 (fr
Inventor
Frank Vollkommer
Lothar Hitzschke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH filed Critical Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Publication of EP0883897A1 publication Critical patent/EP0883897A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0883897B1 publication Critical patent/EP0883897B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/54—Igniting arrangements, e.g. promoting ionisation for starting
    • H01J61/545—Igniting arrangements, e.g. promoting ionisation for starting using an auxiliary electrode inside the vessel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/30—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode
    • H01J1/312—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode having an electric field perpendicular to the surface, e.g. tunnel-effect cathodes of metal-insulator-metal [MIM] type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2201/00—Electrodes common to discharge tubes
    • H01J2201/30—Cold cathodes
    • H01J2201/306—Ferroelectric cathodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cold cathode for discharge lamps, in particular for discharge lamps, which are operated by means of a dielectric barrier discharge, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • At least one electrode is separated from the discharge space by a dielectric layer.
  • the invention relates to a discharge lamp with this cold cathode, in particular a discharge lamp which is operated by means of a dielectric barrier discharge, according to the preamble of patent claim 9 and a method for operating such lamps according to the preamble of patent claim 13.
  • discharge lamp here means emitters which emit light, i.e. visible electromagnetic radiation, or also ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation.
  • the task of the electrodes of discharge lamps is, inter alia, to supply the number of free electrons necessary for the maintenance of an independent discharge.
  • These electrons are essentially supplied by the cathode (when operating with voltage of unchangeable polarity, for example direct voltage or unipolar pulse voltage) or by the current one Cathode (when operating with voltage of variable polarity, eg AC voltage or bipolar pulse voltage).
  • free electrons are generated in the cathode drop space upstream of the (current) cathode.
  • the cathode drop space is characterized by a high field strength compared to the remaining space between the electrodes, i.e. the electrical potential with respect to the cathode drops relatively strongly in this area. Consequently, the generation of free electrons in the cathode drop space is generally associated with a correspondingly high power conversion.
  • useful radiation i.e. of light or UV / VUV radiation
  • efforts are made to reduce the cathode drop of discharge lamps. Ultimately, this requires increasing the efficiency with which electrons emerge from the cathode surface.
  • the electrodes are coils, to heat them and, if necessary, to additionally coat them with an emitter paste in order to improve the thermal electron emission.
  • This relatively complex technology is used for example in fluorescent lamps. Further disadvantages associated with these so-called glow electrodes are the limited service life of the lamp and the heating of the filling gas.
  • DE-GM 295 01 343 discloses a glow fluorescent lamp with a cold cathode. To reduce the cathode drop, the electrodes are doped with manganese or lanthanum.
  • US 5 418424 describes a VUV radiation source with a photo cathode.
  • Xe excimers among others, are located within the radiation source formed, which generate short-wave VUV radiation.
  • the photocathode consists of a 50 nm thick photo-emitting layer applied to a stainless steel surface and a grid electrode parallel to it.
  • the VUV radiation hits the photo-emitting layer through the grid electrode and triggers electrons there by means of the photo effect. These then pass through the grid electrode and thus maintain the discharge.
  • It is disadvantageous that the mechanism for electron generation described is based on the VUV radiation generated by the discharge itself. During the ignition of the discharge, this electron source is therefore not yet available or is only available to a limited extent. In the case of pulsed discharges, this has a negative effect on the loss of efficiency.
  • EP 675 520 A2 discloses a pot-shaped or cup-shaped electrode for miniature neon lamps for automotive lighting.
  • the inner wall of the electrode is evenly covered with an emitter layer.
  • US 5 159 238 describes a cathode for flat discharge lamps.
  • the cathode consists of electrically conductive oxide particles which are placed in a low melting glass, e.g. Lead glass, are stored.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned and to provide an electrode with improved electron emission properties at a low electrode temperature.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a discharge lamp which contains the cathode mentioned. This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 9.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to improve the ability of ferroelectric materials for electron emission proven by R. Miller and S. Savage (R. Miller and S. Savage, Journal of Applied Physics 21, 1960, pp. 662ff) specifically for a cold cathode with To use electron emission properties.
  • the mechanism of electron release is known to be based on a rapid change in polarization within the ferroelectric.
  • the invention proposes a cold cathode with a sandwich-like structure.
  • a ferroelectric material for example a ceramic made of lead-zirconium titanate (PZT) or lead-lanthanum-zirconium titanate (PLZT), is arranged between two electrically conductive surfaces, for example realized by plates, foils, films or the like. One or both surfaces have at least one or more openings, for example in the form of a perforated plate, wire mesh or a corresponding applied layer.
  • the ferroelectric material is uncovered at the locations of the openings, so that the free electrons generated by the ferroelectric can pass through these openings in the direction of the anode of the discharge device.
  • the sandwich-like cold cathode according to the invention is also referred to below as the sandwich cathode.
  • the sandwich cathode During operation in a discharge lamp, a sequence of rapidly changing voltage pulses is applied to the two electrically conductive surfaces.
  • the sandwich cathode consequently acts like an electrical capacitor, the surfaces corresponding to the capacitor electrodes.
  • the ferroelectric plays the role of the capacitor dielectric. In this way, the rapid polarization change within the ferroelectric described above is achieved.
  • the sandwich cathode and in particular the ferroelectric layer are preferably made thin in order to keep the level of the voltage pulses required for the change in polarization as low as possible.
  • Typical values for the thickness of the layer are less than 1 mm, preferably they are in the range of approximately 10 ⁇ m and 0.2 mm.
  • the sandwich cathode can be used with various types of cold cathode discharge lamps.
  • the cold cathode according to the invention has its advantageous effect regardless of whether the anode has a dielectric barrier or not.
  • the only decisive factor in this context is that the sandwich cathode is located within the discharge vessel even without dielectric interference.
  • the geometry of the sandwich cathode is adapted as optimally as possible to the geometry of the discharge vessel.
  • the sandwich cathode is shaped as a hollow cylinder.
  • the metallic inner and outer walls of the sandwich cathode each have a power supply.
  • the two power supply lines are led gas-tight from the discharge vessel to the outside. This makes it possible to feed the rapidly changing voltage pulses to the sandwich cathode.
  • the sandwich cathode is also advantageously used in a discharge lamp which is operated with a discharge which is dielectrically impeded on one side.
  • the sandwich cathode is arranged in the interior of the discharge vessel, for example by being applied directly to the inner wall.
  • the anode is either attached to the outer wall or inside the discharge vessel. In the latter case, however, the anode is separated from the actual discharge by an additional dielectric, for example a thin glass layer.
  • An advantage of the sandwich cathode is the precise controllability of the time at which the electrons are released.
  • the timing of the economy signals for the rapid change in polarization or the discharge can namely increase the efficiency of the generation of useful radiation.
  • the increase in efficiency is achieved by the targeted provision of a sufficient number of electrons on the surface of the sandwich cathode immediately before the gas discharge is ignited.
  • the increase in efficiency by using a sandwich cathode according to the invention is naturally limited, since here the sandwich cathode acts as an anode in every second phase and consequently the electrons released there do not contribute to the discharge.
  • the operating method according to the invention looks as follows. First, a voltage signal with rapidly changing polarity is applied to the two electrical connections of the sandwich cathode. As soon as the resulting rapid change in polarization of the ferroelectric releases enough electrons on the surface of the sandwich cathode. a voltage pulse of suitable polarity is placed between the sandwich cathode and the anode. This accelerates the electrons towards the anode and consequently ignites the discharge.
  • 1b shows the cross section along the line AA of the sandwich cathode from FIG.
  • FIG. 2a shows the top view of a UV / VUV flat radiator with the strip-shaped sandwich cathode from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 2b shows the cross section along the line BB of the UV / VUV flat radiator from FIG. 2b
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the electrical wiring of the electrode arrangement from FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4b shows the time profile of the voltage at the electrodes of the sandwich cathode associated with FIG. 4a in accordance with the operating method according to the invention.
  • FIGS la, lb schematically show a stripe-shaped sandwich cathode 1 in plan view or in cross section along the line AA.
  • the approx. 2 mm Wide sandwich cathode 1 consists of a bottom layer 2, a top layer 3 and a ferroelectric layer 4 arranged between the bottom and top layers.
  • the ferroelectric layer 4 consists of an approximately 100 ⁇ m thick substrate made of PZT (lead zirconium titanate).
  • Bottom 2 and top layer 3 consist of platinum, which was applied to the top and bottom of the ferroelectric substrate 4 with a respective layer thickness of approximately 1 ⁇ m.
  • the cover layer 3 has square openings 5 with the dimensions 200-200 ⁇ m 2 at regular intervals of approximately 200 ⁇ m.
  • base layer 2 and cover layer 3 are each connected to a power supply (not shown). So that the sandwich cathode 1 emits electrons out of its openings 5, the two power supply lines are connected to a voltage source (not shown), which supplies a voltage signal with rapid polarity changes.
  • FIGS. 2a, 2b show a schematic representation of a plan view or the cross section along the line BB of a UV / VUV flat radiator 6, ie a flat discharge lamp, which is designed for the efficient emission of UV or VUV radiation.
  • the flat radiator 6 consists of a flat discharge vessel 7 with a rectangular base area, a strip-shaped sandwich cathode 1 according to FIG. 1 and two strip-shaped metallic anodes 8.
  • the discharge vessel 7 in turn consists of a rectangular base plate 9 and a trough-like cover 10 (not shown in FIG. 2a) ), both made of glass.
  • the base plate 9 and the cover 10 are connected to one another in a gas-tight manner in the region of their peripheral edges and thus enclose the gas filling of the flat radiator 6.
  • the gas filling consists of xenon with a filling pressure of 10 kPa.
  • the anodes 8 have the same widths and, like the sandwich cathode 1, are applied parallel to one another on the inner wall of the base plate 9. In contrast to Sandwich cathode 1, both anodes 8 are completely covered with a glass layer 11, the thickness of which is approximately 150 ⁇ m.
  • the inner wall of the cover 10 is coated with a phosphor or phosphor mixture, which converts the UV / VUV radiation generated by the discharge into visible light.
  • a phosphor or phosphor mixture which converts the UV / VUV radiation generated by the discharge into visible light.
  • This variant is a flat fluorescent lamp that is used for general lighting or backlighting of displays, e.g. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), is suitable.
  • the electrodes of the sandwich cathode 1, namely the bottom layer 2 and the cover layer 3, are each connected to an output pole of a first voltage source 12 which supplies a voltage signal U.
  • the anode 8 (for simplification only one anode strip is shown in cross section) is connected to a first pole of a second voltage source 13 which supplies a voltage signal U 2 .
  • the cover layer 3 of the sandwich cathode 1 is additionally connected to the second pole of the second voltage source 13.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b also serve to explain the principle of the operating method according to the invention using the example of a pulsed discharge. They each show the time profile of the two voltage signals U and U 2 mentioned in FIG. 3. Only one voltage pulse of a sequence of voltage pulses that is in principle unlimited is shown. Among other things, the time synchronization of the two voltage signals U and U 2 is essential.
  • the first voltage signal O. is selected such that it changes polarity quickly at a time t 2 and thus starts the release of electrons from the ferroelectric layer 4. After that, ie, at a later time t 3> t 2, a voltage pulse of the voltage signal U 2 is started targeted, which accelerates the electrons released in the direction of the anode 8 and thereby ignites the discharge or maintains.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur une cathode froide (1) pour lampes à décharge, notamment pour des lampes à décharge (6) fonctionnant avec une décharge diélectriquement contrariée, et possède deux électrodes électroconductibles se faisant face à face, entre lesquelles est placé en sandwich un matériau ferroélectrique. Au moins l'une des électrodes présente une ou plusieurs ouvertures. Lorsque la cathode est en marche, une tension à changement rapide de polarité est appliquée aux deux électrodes. De ce fait, des électrons sont libérés sur la surface du matériau ferroélectrique. La tension de marche de la lampe à décharge provoque une accélération des électrons qui passent par les ouvertures en direction de l'anode (8) et servent à l'allumage ou au maintien en régime de marche de la lampe à décharge (6).
EP97952713A 1996-12-11 1997-12-10 Utilisation d'une cathode froide pour lampes a decharge, lampe a decharge pourvue de la cathode froide en question et mode de fonctionnement de ladite lampe a decharge Expired - Lifetime EP0883897B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19651552A DE19651552A1 (de) 1996-12-11 1996-12-11 Kaltkathode für Entladungslampen, Entladungslampe mit dieser Kaltkathode und Betriebsweise für diese Entladungslampe
DE19651552 1996-12-11
PCT/DE1997/002881 WO1998026447A1 (fr) 1996-12-11 1997-12-10 Cathode froide pour lampes a decharge, lampe a decharge pourvue de la cathode froide en question et mode de fonctionnement de ladite lampe a decharge

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0883897A1 true EP0883897A1 (fr) 1998-12-16
EP0883897B1 EP0883897B1 (fr) 2002-06-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97952713A Expired - Lifetime EP0883897B1 (fr) 1996-12-11 1997-12-10 Utilisation d'une cathode froide pour lampes a decharge, lampe a decharge pourvue de la cathode froide en question et mode de fonctionnement de ladite lampe a decharge

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US6157145A (fr)
EP (1) EP0883897B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000512070A (fr)
KR (1) KR100503466B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1118860C (fr)
AT (1) ATE219861T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19651552A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0883897T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2179384T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1018848A1 (fr)
HU (1) HU220261B (fr)
TW (1) TW372323B (fr)
WO (1) WO1998026447A1 (fr)

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DE59707598D1 (de) 2002-08-01
WO1998026447A1 (fr) 1998-06-18
DK0883897T3 (da) 2002-08-12
TW372323B (en) 1999-10-21
DE19651552A1 (de) 1998-06-18
HU220261B (hu) 2001-11-28
HK1018848A1 (en) 2000-01-07
HUP9900333A3 (en) 2000-09-28
HUP9900333A2 (hu) 1999-05-28
KR100503466B1 (ko) 2005-09-27
CN1118860C (zh) 2003-08-20
ES2179384T3 (es) 2003-01-16
KR19990082465A (ko) 1999-11-25
ATE219861T1 (de) 2002-07-15
US6157145A (en) 2000-12-05
CN1210620A (zh) 1999-03-10
JP2000512070A (ja) 2000-09-12
EP0883897B1 (fr) 2002-06-26

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