EP1137050A1 - Structure de couplage capacitif pour lampe à décharge à basse pression - Google Patents

Structure de couplage capacitif pour lampe à décharge à basse pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1137050A1
EP1137050A1 EP01000029A EP01000029A EP1137050A1 EP 1137050 A1 EP1137050 A1 EP 1137050A1 EP 01000029 A EP01000029 A EP 01000029A EP 01000029 A EP01000029 A EP 01000029A EP 1137050 A1 EP1137050 A1 EP 1137050A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dielectric
low
gas discharge
discharge lamp
lamp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01000029A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Albrecht Dr. Kraus
Bernd Dr. Rausenberger
Wilhelm-Albert Dr. Groen
Horst Dannert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Corporate Intellectual Property GmbH
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Corporate Intellectual Property GmbH, Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Philips Corporate Intellectual Property GmbH
Publication of EP1137050A1 publication Critical patent/EP1137050A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
    • H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
    • H01J65/046—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by using capacitive means around the vessel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low-pressure gas discharge lamp with at least one Discharge vessel and at least two capacitive coupling structures, which at an operating frequency f is operated. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for backlighting a liquid crystal display with at least one Low pressure gas discharge lamp as a light source and optics for generating a Backlight
  • Known gas discharge lamps consist of a vessel with a filling gas in which the Gas discharge expires, and usually two metallic electrodes placed in the discharge vessel are melted down An electrode supplies the electrons for the discharge, which pass through the second electrode can be fed back to the outer circuit.
  • the release of the electrons usually takes place by means of glow emission (hot electrodes), but can also be caused by Emission in a strong electric field or directly by ion bombardment (ion-induced Secondary emission) (cold electrodes).
  • hot electrodes glow emission
  • ion-induced Secondary emission cold electrodes
  • the charge carriers are operated directly in the gas volume via an electromagnetic High frequency alternating field (typically greater than 1 MHz for low pressure gas discharge lamps) generated.
  • the electrons move within closed orbits of the discharge vessel, conventional electrodes are missing in this operating mode.
  • capacitive coupling structures are used as electrodes. These are usually formed from insulators (dielectrics), which are in contact with one side Have gas discharge and on the other hand electrically conductive (for example by means of a metallic contact) are connected to an external circuit. At one the AC voltage applied to the capacitive electrodes forms in the discharge vessel an alternating electric field, on the linear electric fields of which Move load carriers. In the high frequency range (f> 10 MHz), the capacitive ones are similar Lamps the inductive lamps, since the charge carriers here also in the entire gas volume be generated. The surface properties of the dielectric electrode are of minor importance here (so-called ⁇ discharge mode).
  • fluorescent lamps In various devices, it is advantageous to use fluorescent lamps with little Diameter (less than 5 mm) and the highest possible amount of light per lamp length (Lumens per cm). In addition, most areas of application require a high level Switching resistance of the lamp. This applies especially to the use of gas discharge lamps in a backlight for a liquid crystal display (LCD backlight).
  • LCD backlight liquid crystal display
  • Hot cathode lamps require a minimum discharge vessel diameter of approx. 10 mm to accommodate the coil and anode shield. If you do without the anode shield, one can reach inner diameters of approx. 6 mm however, the lifespan is greatly reduced due to the increased blackening. Besides that hot cathode lamps have switching behavior that is unacceptable for many areas of application and are difficult to dim.
  • Fluorescent gas discharge lamps with a small lamp diameter have so far only been possible in the form of cold cathode lamps or in the form of capacitive gas discharge lamps with an operating frequency in the high frequency range (greater than 1 MHz).
  • Cold cathode lamps have the advantage of being able to be operated at low frequencies (30-50 kHz). Therefore, they have a low electromagnetic radiation.
  • the discharge current is severely limited (to a maximum value of approx. 10 mA). The current limitation is due to the greatly increased sputtering rate of electrode material as a function of the discharge current.
  • the current limitation must prevent the electrode from heating up locally to such an extent that thermal emission occurs with a sputter rate that is also greatly increased.
  • the detached electrode material settles in the discharge vessel and leads to a rapid blackening of the lamp.
  • the high operating frequency in conjunction with a high current density in the lamp (high current, small lamp diameter) leads to strong electromagnetic radiation. This requires extensive measures in the overall system of lamp, reflector, driver electronics, etc. to limit this electromagnetic radiation. Since the power is coupled in capacitively via the discharge vessel, the operating frequency is limited downwards (to approximately 1 MHz) by the capacitance of the coupling area.
  • a capacitive gas discharge lamp which has a dielectric Has layer between external electrodes and the gas discharge.
  • the external Electrodes are connected to an AC power source that has a voltage of 500 V. outputs up to 10000 V at a frequency of 120 Hz.
  • the dielectric layer has one high dielectric constant e greater than 100, preferably greater than 2000.
  • the capacitive Coupling of the external AC voltage by means of the dielectric layer leads to an ionization and excitation of the gas in the lamp, so that the luminous gas discharge arises.
  • dielectric constant and operating frequency is a high luminous flux of the lamp only with a very large size of the coupling structures and thus to reach the entire lamp. It also requires a high luminous flux with such a lamp, an extraordinarily high operating voltage and thus an expensive driver circuit.
  • the secondary emission coefficient is in this frequency range ⁇ noticeably worse, so that gas discharge is less efficient and a smaller amount of light is generated
  • the object of the invention is to provide a low-pressure gas discharge lamp which capacitive coupling better efficiency in a small size, one high luminous flux, low operating voltage, low electromagnetic radiation, has a high switching stability and a long service life.
  • each capacitive coupling structure is formed from at least one dielectric with a thickness d and a dielectric constant ⁇ , the condition d / (f ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 cm ⁇ s applying to each dielectric.
  • the gas discharge lamp consists of a transparent discharge vessel with a customary filling gas (for example, a rare gas or a rare gas with mercury for low-pressure gas discharge lamps) and is operated at an alternating current source with the operating frequency f.
  • the material for the discharge vessel and the filling gas can be selected in accordance with the desired spectrum of the radiation generated.
  • the discharge vessel can also be coated so that the lamp according to the invention emits radiation of a specific frequency range (for example in the UV range).
  • At least two spatially separated capacitive coupling structures are arranged on the discharge vessel.
  • the dielectric of the capacitive coupling structure can consist of one or more layers. Each layer must meet the condition d / ( ⁇ ⁇ f) ⁇ 10 -8 cm ⁇ s separately.
  • d / ( ⁇ ⁇ f) ⁇ 10 -8 cm ⁇ s separately.
  • the condition d / (f ⁇ ⁇ )> 10 -9 cm ⁇ s applies to at least one dielectric, as a result of which the lamp obtains a positive current-voltage characteristic.
  • Gas discharge lamps must be ballasted in a suitable manner in order to ensure a stationary gas discharge. This ballast is usually integrated into an electrical ballast in which a circuit also generates the ignition voltage required to start the lamp.
  • the material of the capacitive coupling structures, their geometry and the operating frequency are preferably selected such that the mean voltage across the dielectrics approximately corresponds to the voltage across the plasma in the discharge vessel of the lamp (at d / ( ⁇ ⁇ f) ⁇ 5 ⁇ 10 -9 cm ⁇ s), the capacitive coupling structures can be used to ballast the lamp.
  • a ballasting element can thus be dispensed with in the lamp driver circuit, which can save considerable costs.
  • self-ballasting the lamp it is possible to operate several such lamps in parallel on a single driver, which can also lead to considerable savings in the driver's costs.
  • a lamp according to the invention overcomes when operating in the frequency domain from 150 Hz to 1 MHz the disadvantages of known lamps.
  • a material with an essentially one is preferably used negative temperature dependence of the dielectric constant.
  • dielectric materials are known in which the value of the dielectric constant increases with increasing Temperature drops especially above a certain temperature. In particular, in the area of low temperatures the dielectric constant also increases briefly. When the lamp is in operation, the dielectric heats up due to the power coupling, which lowers the dielectric capacitance and the height of the couplable Performance is limited. In this way the lamp output is stabilized and already ballasted the lamp with the existing coupling structure.
  • a particularly suitable embodiment of the invention has an essentially hollow cylindrical discharge vessel with an inner diameter d i , wherein the inner diameter d i can be less than 10 mm.
  • Hollow cylindrical discharge vessels are particularly suitable because the manufacture and processing by other gas discharge lamps is well known. Small inner diameters make the lamps easier to handle and have many applications for the lamp.
  • the hollow cylindrical discharge vessel can be designed, for example, in the form of a spiral, in the form of letters or numbers or the like.
  • the lamp is further developed by capacitive coupling structures which are also essentially of a hollow cylindrical shape and which have the inside diameter d i and are pressure-tightly connected to the discharge vessel.
  • the dielectric can be connected to the discharge vessel particularly easily, for example by means of a glass soldering technique.
  • a mixture is preferably selected for the filling gas in the discharge vessel, which mixture at least contains an inert gas or an inert gas and mercury.
  • Lamp a variety of gas mixtures can be used as the fill gas.
  • fill gases used in known low pressure gas discharge lamps be used. This gives the advantage of the known handling.
  • the vote the fill gas can also be determined by the application of the lamp, so as to to support the desired color (wavelength of the emitted radiation) or shape.
  • the discharge current of the gas discharge is greater than 10 mA.
  • the use of a large discharge current enables higher luminances to be generated than in known lamps.
  • the dielectric preferably consists of a paraelectric, ferroelectric or antiferroelectric solid.
  • Oxide ceramics eg BaTiO 3 , SrTiO 3 , PbTiO 3 , PbZiO 3 ) are preferred, which can also consist of one composition.
  • the discharge vessel consists of a UV-transparent material and is filled with a UV-emitting filling gas.
  • a UV transparent Material can, for example, use a glass tube for the discharge vessel become.
  • the discharge vessel can also be coated with a phosphor are provided, which the radiation emitted by the filling gas into a desired spectrum (especially in the UV range).
  • the phosphor can emit radiation emit that corresponds to the spectrum of solar radiation, so the lamp for Applications for body tanning is suitable.
  • each capacitive coupling structure is formed from at least one dielectric with a thickness d and a dielectric constant ⁇ , the condition d / (f ⁇ ⁇ ) for each dielectric ⁇ 10 -8 cm ⁇ s applies.
  • the lamp according to the invention permits the unexpected combination of high luminance, low electromagnetic radiation, low operating voltage, high Switching resistance and long service life.
  • the lamp is next to the backlight device still particularly suitable for decorative and general lighting, for Advertising lighting, as a light source for fax machines, scanners and copiers, as a brake light for motor vehicles, for emergency signal and orientation lighting and as a UV light source.
  • a UV light source it can be used in particular for the disinfection / disinfection of air and Water, for surface cleaning for paint treatment, for gluing, for hardening (paint, Adhesives), for body tanning (for particularly flat tanning devices) and for devices used in the field of photochemistry, pollutant degradation and deposition processes end up.
  • the gas discharge lamps specified in the exemplary embodiments use a dielectric solid which has the properties according to the invention as the dielectric base material for the capacitive coupling structure.
  • An oxide ceramic is preferably used as the material for the dielectric of the capacitive coupling structures. This consists, for example, of a composition of BaTiO 3 , about 1% Nb 2 O 5 and a few parts per thousand Co 3 O 4 .
  • the composite is granulated accordingly, brought into a mold with a binder and then sintered.
  • the material produced in this way has a dielectric constant ⁇ which has a temperature-dependent profile according to the diagram in FIG. 8.
  • the dielectric constant When the lamp is in operation, the dielectric constant always remains so high that the condition d / ( ⁇ ⁇ f) ⁇ 10 -8 cm ⁇ s is guaranteed. If the temperature of the oxide ceramic reaches a value when the lamp is in operation, at which the dielectric constant drops with increasing temperature, this behavior contributes to stabilizing the lamp's output. If the coupled-in power increased, a rise in the temperature of the oxide ceramic would result in a sharp reduction in the dielectric capacitance, and thus in an increased voltage drop, in a reduction in the current and thus the power, or in other words: the lamp has a strong positive UI characteristic .
  • the material for the dielectric must be on the surface facing the gas discharge is, donate electrons easily.
  • To characterize the emission properties of the dielectric serves the relationship between ion current and electron current at the Surface of the side of the dielectric facing the plasma. This ratio is called ion-induced secondary emission coefficient ⁇ .
  • ⁇ ion-induced secondary emission coefficient
  • the surface and the light-generating part of the plasma form a narrow, approximately 1 mm thick plasma boundary layer from The power given off in the plasma boundary layer can assume high values and significantly reduces the efficiency (lumens per watt) of the Lamp.
  • a high secondary emission coefficient ⁇ leads to this power share reduce and increase the efficiency of the lamp.
  • Such materials are therefore suitable for the dielectric in a special way, where during the operation of the lamp attach additional electrons to the surface facing the plasma, and that to one Secondary emission coefficients ⁇ > 0.01 lead.
  • a capacitive gas discharge lamp is shown with a glass tube 1, which serves as a gas discharge vessel.
  • the glass tube 1 coated from the inside has an inner diameter of 3 mm, an outer diameter of 4 mm, a length of 40 cm and is filled with 50 mbar Ar and 5 mg Hg.
  • a dielectric coupling structure at both ends is formed in each case by a cylindrical tube 2 made of the dielectric material (oxide ceramic, which fulfills the property d / ( ⁇ ⁇ f) ⁇ 10 -8 cm ⁇ s).
  • the dielectric cylinder 2 has an outer diameter of 4 mm with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm and a length of 10 mm.
  • the glass tube 1 is closed by the coupling structure 2, which has the same inner diameter, by means of a soldering process in a vacuum-tight manner with a disk-shaped, dielectric cap 3.
  • a layer of silver paste is applied to the dielectric cylinder 2, which was previously burned out, so that electrical contacting 4 is possible.
  • the lamp is connected to an external power network.
  • a lamp driver circuit 5 serves as an external power network, which supplies a current of 30 mA at 40 kHz and an average voltage of approximately 350 V.
  • the lamp delivers a luminous flux of approximately 600 lumens in stationary operation.
  • the driver 5 also contains a part for igniting the lamp, which is able to supply voltages of 1500 V for a short time.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a coupling structure according to the invention in cross section.
  • the cross section was placed in the area of the dielectric tube 2.
  • the interior filled with a filling gas is surrounded by a first dielectric layer 6, which is followed by a second dielectric layer 7 made of BaTiO 3 .
  • a metallization 8, which serves for electrical contacting, is applied to the dielectric layers.
  • the dielectric layer 6 can be made very thin ('coating'), since it can be applied to the layer 7 serving as a type of substrate.
  • FIG. 3 shows four lamps, each of the discharge vessels 1 shown in FIG. 1 and coupling structures 2 have been shown, which are connected in parallel to a common driver circuit 5 operated. Because each individual lamp due to the material properties of the Dielectric has a stabilizing feedback, which is like self-ballasting acts, a common driver circuit 5 can be used. There are not any separate ballasts with ignition circuits and ballasting for each lamp necessary.
  • FIG. 4 shows a lamp which has the data of the lamp from FIG. 1 and is bent into a coil.
  • Coupling structures 2, which are connected to a driver circuit 5, are respectively attached to the ends of the helix 9.
  • many other forms are conceivable into which the lamp described in FIG. 1 can be brought.
  • Other uses are also conceivable as a miniaturized decorative lamp with a significantly higher luminance than known fluorescent lamps (for example for compact shelf lighting).
  • the discharge tube can be bent as desired without changing the lamp properties.
  • radiation in a desired wavelength range can also be generated.
  • the gas discharge lamp with the dimensions from FIG.
  • the lamp 1 can, for example, be filled with 25 mbar pure neon.
  • a lamp can be used as a red brake light behind the rear window of a car.
  • the lamp according to the invention can also be used for other purposes (for example also as a turn signal lamp, for interior and instrument lighting, etc.).
  • Another advantageous application of the lamp is its use as emergency signal and orientation lighting, since in addition to the lowest possible energy consumption, certain shapes and colors are also required.
  • the gas discharge lamp according to the invention is particularly well suited as a UV radiation source and all known fields of application of UV radiation sources.
  • the discharge vessel 1 of the lamp is filled with a suitable filling gas (for example noble gas and mercury) and consists in a known manner of a UV-permeable material (for example a glass tube).
  • a suitable filling gas for example noble gas and mercury
  • the glass tube can also be coated on the inside or outside with a suitable phosphor which generates a desired UV spectrum.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a device for backlighting a liquid crystal display.
  • This is a lamp described in Figure 1 10 for lateral light irradiation into a light guide 13 of a 15 "LCD backlight used.
  • the device consists of a driver circuit 12 which with a low pressure gas discharge lamp 10 is connected.
  • the lamp 10 is with a Provided reflector 11, which radiates the light into the light guide 13, from where it by means of a rear, structured reflector plate for liquid crystal display (LCD panel) coupled out towards the front via a diffuser 14 and a reflective polarization filter 15 becomes.
  • the liquid crystal display is not shown for reasons of clarity. LCDs of known construction can be used. Because of the higher amount of lumens per lamp length, it is possible to double the amount of light, for example a cold cathode lamp on the LCD screen without additional To take measures with respect to electromagnetic interference, since the operating frequency remains unchanged.
  • FIG. 6 shows a similar device for backlighting a liquid crystal display shown.
  • Two of the lamps 10 described in FIG. 1 are used lateral light irradiation into a light guide 16 of a 15 "LCD backlight used.
  • the light from the lamps 10 is reflected by the reflectors 11 from two sides the light guide 16 coupled and via a diffuser 14 and a reflective polarization filter 15 coupled forward towards the LCD panel. Due to the higher amount of Lumens per lamp length is also possible here, twice the amount of light, for example to get a cold kakode lamp on the LCD screen without additional Take measures regarding electromagnetic interference, since the operating frequency remains unchanged.
  • Two cold cathode lamps (on the right and left side of the light guide 16) can be replaced by a single capacitive lamp 10, which provides the same brightness values on the LCD screen.
  • Liquid crystal display will be a plurality of lamps 10 described in Figure for rear Light radiation used in a light guide of an 18 "LCD backlight.
  • the lamps 10 are arranged in a reflector 11.
  • the light from the individual lamps 10 is homogenized by means of an optical filter 17 and a diffuser 14 and passed through then a reflective polarization filter 15 before it to the not shown LCD panel is uncoupled.
  • the optical filter 17 prevents the light of the Lamps 10 strikes the diffuser 14 directly. Due to the higher amount of lumens per Lamp length is also possible here, twice the amount of light than, for example, one Get cold cathode lamp on the LCD screen without additional measures regarding electromagnetic interference, since the operating frequency remains unchanged remains.
  • two cold cathode lamps can be replaced by a single one capacitive lamp 10 are replaced, which have the same brightness values on the LCD screen deliver. All capacitive lamps 10 can with due to their self-ballasting operated by a single electronic driver circuit 12.
  • FIG. 8 shows a diagram which shows the course of the dielectric constant ⁇ of an oxide ceramic made of BaTiO 3 , about 1% Nb 2 O 5 and a few parts per thousand Co 3 O 4 as a function of the temperature.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ fluctuates up to approximately this temperature at very large values by approximately 5000. If the temperature of the dielectric increases further as a result of the power coupling, the dielectric coefficient drops sharply due to the essentially negative temperature coefficient of the dielectric material. This reduces the dielectric capacitance of the coupling structure, so that a higher voltage drops across the dielectric and a lower current flows. Therefore, less power can be coupled into the discharge vessel, which leads to a drop in the temperature in the dielectric. This negative feedback leads to an increased stabilization and ballasting of the lamp in stationary operation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
EP01000029A 2000-03-24 2001-02-27 Structure de couplage capacitif pour lampe à décharge à basse pression Withdrawn EP1137050A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10014407 2000-03-24
DE10014407A DE10014407A1 (de) 2000-03-24 2000-03-24 Niederdruckgasentladungslampe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1137050A1 true EP1137050A1 (fr) 2001-09-26

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EP01000029A Withdrawn EP1137050A1 (fr) 2000-03-24 2001-02-27 Structure de couplage capacitif pour lampe à décharge à basse pression

Country Status (7)

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US (2) US6858985B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1137050A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001291492A (fr)
KR (1) KR100802665B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1201374C (fr)
DE (1) DE10014407A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW554376B (fr)

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EP1263021A1 (fr) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-04 Philips Corporate Intellectual Property GmbH Affichage à cristaux liquides avec éclairage de fond amélioré

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EP1932168A2 (fr) * 2005-10-04 2008-06-18 Topanga Technologies Lampe a plasma sans electrode a resonateur/cavite externe et son procede d'excitation au moyen d'energie radiofrequence
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US20010024090A1 (en) 2001-09-27
US20050029947A1 (en) 2005-02-10
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KR20010093057A (ko) 2001-10-27
US6858985B2 (en) 2005-02-22
KR100802665B1 (ko) 2008-02-12
TW554376B (en) 2003-09-21
DE10014407A1 (de) 2001-09-27
CN1319876A (zh) 2001-10-31
JP2001291492A (ja) 2001-10-19

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