EP0849770A2 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von helikal gewickelten Wendelkörpern und Wendelkörper, die nach dieser Methode hergestellt sind - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von helikal gewickelten Wendelkörpern und Wendelkörper, die nach dieser Methode hergestellt sind Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0849770A2 EP0849770A2 EP97121787A EP97121787A EP0849770A2 EP 0849770 A2 EP0849770 A2 EP 0849770A2 EP 97121787 A EP97121787 A EP 97121787A EP 97121787 A EP97121787 A EP 97121787A EP 0849770 A2 EP0849770 A2 EP 0849770A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- core
- wire
- filament
- winding
- coil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F35/00—Making springs from wire
- B21F35/006—Double twist coil springs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
- H01K3/02—Manufacture of incandescent bodies
Definitions
- the invention is based on a method for producing helically wound Spiral body, in particular incandescent body, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- incandescent bodies according to this method are made. These are in particular: Incandescent bodies in the sense of single or double coiled lamps for incandescent lamps, but also for filaments for pin electrodes from High pressure discharge lamps.
- EP-A 149 282 already discloses a process for producing helically wound Incandescent known.
- a filament wound on the core wire (coil) is then heated to approx. 1900 to 2200 ° C to reduce tensions, for example by means of laser, high frequency or resistance heating of the core wire.
- the glow wire is held on the core wire. Overall should this minimizes tension in the spiral.
- To pull out of the core wire from the wound filament becomes relative turned towards the core wire in the opposite direction. This cumbersome Procedure is necessary because of the inside diameter of the coil is adapted to the outer diameter of the core wire and therefore not it is to be avoided that the coil adheres to the core wire.
- the method according to the invention uses Manufacture of helically wound incandescent bodies which are known per se Technology in which a glow wire made of refractory material, usually tungsten, wound on a core wire and thermally is treated and then separated and the core wire is removed becomes.
- the new process is based on the idea of the winding wire material to influence thermally already during the winding process. Across from conventional methods, in which you also put the filament on one Endless core winds, you save the subsequent work step of relaxation annealing on the core wire in a continuous process. In particular, it must be ensured that the radius of curvature the coil, on which the filament is then exposed after exposure to temperature is wound is small compared to the axial length of it incandescent body to be produced. In a particularly preferred embodiment the coils are separated immediately after winding, so that winding can be dispensed with.
- the winding material is additional through the winding process elastic deformation up to the yield point of the wrapping material forced the so-called torsional stress.
- the first process step according to the invention is that the filament is thermally treated.
- the filament In the case of the manufacture of incandescent bodies, the filament must be on a Temperature brought close to the recrystallization temperature of the material will. A temperature in the range between is preferably suitable for this 60 and 90% of the recrystallization temperature. In the case of tungsten this means that the filament reaches a temperature of more than 1200 ° C, preferably more than 1400 ° C is brought. The recrystallization temperature the tungsten is around 1800 C.
- core here includes both Core wires as well as solid core pins.
- the spiral is still hot, but has already cooled slightly isolated. If the spiral is still too hot before separating, it runs it is colored or oxidation can occur. In the worst case the coil opens too little or not at all. Also hangs the so-called service life of the core.
- the finished spiral has when separating still a residual voltage, which immediately after the Separate into an increase in the inside diameter of the helix implemented so that the coil loses intimate contact with the core wire. It only sits loosely on the core wire.
- the thermal treatment is preferably carried out for both embodiments the winding wire by means of a plasma torch.
- a plasma torch The principle of such Plasma torch is described in more detail, for example, in NL-A 71 12 767.
- Plasma can be argon, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen and use their mixtures.
- the plasma burning takes place in the free gas stream, in particular argon, an argon / nitrogen mixture or an argon / hydrogen mixture is used becomes.
- nitrogen can also be used as a protective gas cone will. Both the anode and the cathode are advantageously located of the plasma torch in the burner housing.
- the filament should advantageously have a temperature of more before winding reach than 1200 ° C.
- An interchangeable core (machine core) is particularly suitable as a core, because this stabilizes the winding process and minimizes tolerances in the winding process. It is recommended that the machine core be thermally good (in the temperature range around 1800 ° C) resilient material such as Spring steel or tungsten. The machine core should have temperatures up well tolerated more than 1800 ° C.
- the material of the winding wire is typical tungsten, possibly with additives how potassium, silicon, aluminum and / or thorium can be doped.
- the present invention also includes incandescent bodies or electrodes Coils made by the method described above, and lamps made from it.
- the surprising property that the spiral is particularly advantageous remains almost dimensionally stable in the axial direction.
- the axial popping is analogous to opening a spring, it is also elastic and expresses itself in the Reduction of the wound turns while observing the given Winding length.
- the minor is expressed axial residual stress in that it is only a minor Scattering of the total length of the helically wound filament causes.
- the temperature during the thermal pretreatment is just now chosen that the desired final inside diameter of the coil automatically by popping open radially after separation results.
- the exact dimensioning essentially depends on the diameter of the core and winding material, on the temperature and also on the winding speed.
- the increase in the inside diameter of the spiral caused by the radial opening is type-specific and moves in one area from 2 to 30%.
- the desired dimensions of the spiral can be with a smaller core wire compared to the prior art achieve.
- the method according to the invention is basically suitable for two different ones Applications:
- the procedure must be modified by using a conventionally manufactured endless primary helix, that is still wound on a core wire as a core wire is used for a secondary helix.
- the procedure described above is then used to make the secondary helix. Then the further processing steps or directly that take place Triggering the primary core.
- the method is suitable for all known diameters of the core wire or glow wire and is applicable to all known gradients.
- Diameter of the glow wire and core wire is due increasing surface adhesion a tendency to glue the glow wire observed with the core wire.
- This so-called revolver technique enables a longer period of use (Service life) of a machine core.
- Revolver technology is an automatic feeding of a Materials before the n + 1-th process step, but after complete processing of the preceding nth process step. This corresponds to one Revolver along with the automatic feeding of the next cartridge chamber Content after firing a shot.
- a second area of application is pin electrodes with applied coils.
- Such electrodes are known, for example, from US Pat. No. 3,067,357.
- such electrodes can be produced by using particularly high temperatures in the thermal heat treatment of the winding wire, which are in the range of the recrystallization temperature of the material used. In the case of tungsten, the temperatures are preferably around or just above 1800 ° C. This prevents the elastic residual tensions that cause the helix to spring open. In this way, the winding wire can be on the core pin or electrode shaft burn ".
- the impressed tensions are nothing more than a forced minimal change in the crystal lattice of a grain or Crystallites that also differ in bond lengths, angles and bond forces reflect. Smeared with every temperature increase of a material the position of the atoms in the crystal lattice more, i.e. their location will for a special structure is becoming less and less energy-efficient up to a reversible one Phase conversion (e.g. conversion of the ⁇ phase of a crystal into the ⁇ phase), whereby from a certain temperature for the predominant Taken a different, energetically more favorable structure becomes. The sum of the microscopic lattice distortions gives the macroscopic Residual voltage component.
- the plasma temperature is preferably set so that the temperature of the winding material comes approximately into the area of the so-called solidus-liquidus transition So the material is soft "deformed, the bond distances in the lattice are relatively large and thus the bond forces are relatively small.
- the shaping process step which is carried out very quickly, the material has enough time, without impressing stresses in the lattice, a new structure through partial or complete The original structure type of the crystal lattice is retained. As the cooling time increases, the bonding conditions normalize again and the coil sits tension-free (burnt) on the electrode shaft.
- the press fit is the reversal of the winding technique of incandescent bodies. It becomes an elastic electrode coil subsequently provided with a core pin, the outside diameter of which is larger is than the inside diameter of the electrode coil. The electrode coil is expanded. The elastic deformation creates a resilient force by feeding the pen. Thus the pen held by friction of the individual turns.
- the helix is normally pushed on and then welded to the core pin or the core pin is added later inserted into the helix (press fit).
- the process does not require welding or pressing, since the Helps hold the core well on its own.
- one is Damage to the electrode (embrittlement), as occurs during the welding process unavoidable would no longer be possible.
- a displaceable machine core 1 made of spring steel is on one End in a holder 2a and at the other end in a counter holder 2b guided by means of a radial forming and clamping device 15. It can be withdrawn or pushed out in the holder 2a will.
- a stationary machine core can also be used and a moving wire feed unit can be used.
- a glow wire 3 is coming as a winding material from a supply coil 6, whose axis 8 is arranged parallel to the machine core 1, by means of a wire feed (not shown) on the machine core 1 to one Coil 13 wound in compliance with a predetermined slope, the is set by means of a pitch drive 9.
- a section of the glow wire 3 hits the machine core 1, it is thermally treated by means of a plasma torch 4.
- the plasma heating takes place in the free gas stream by means of an argon plasma 5
- Plasma torch is only in operation, while a winding drive 12 and the Incline drive 9 are active. If the intended length of a filament is wound, a wire cutter 7 comes into action and lengthens the Illuminant off. The coil jumps up and can be easily stripped off, while the machine core 1 is retracted. Immidiatly after the wire feed starts again and the plasma torch enters again Action.
- a suitable machine control with appropriate drives ensures the combination of winding process and at the same time thermal treatment of the winding material depending on the speed.
- a simply coiled filament 10 for festoon lamps 20 (Halogen incandescent lamps) with four luminous segments (each about 70 narrow Turns) and three interruptions in between (five each wide turns) and two ends (eight wide turns each).
- the machine core consists of spring steel with a diameter of 1.4 mm.
- the total clamping length is more than 50 mm.
- the diameter of the filament is about 120 microns.
- Fig. 3 shows schematically a double-coiled filament 11, the Secondary coil is produced by the method according to the invention.
- the filament consists of tungsten.
- an electrode 14 which consists of a core pin or electrode shaft 18 and a coil 19 wound thereon.
- the spiral 19 is burned onto the core pin 18.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wire Processing (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1
- eine schematische Darstellung des Wickelvorgangs;
- Figur 2
- eine Halogenglühlampe mit einfach gewendeltem Glühkörper;
- Figur 3
- ein zweifach gewendelter Glühkörper für Glühlampen;
- Figur 4
- eine Stiftelektrode mit aufgebrannter Wendel.
Claims (14)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung helikal gewundener Wendelkörper, insbesondere Glühkörper, bei dem ein Wickeldraht (3) aus hochschmelzendem Material auf einen Kern (1) gewickelt wird und thermisch behandelt wird sowie evtl. anschließend vereinzelt wird und der Kern herausgelöst wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet,a) daß der Wickeldraht (3) zunächst thermisch behandelt wird, wodurch er auf Temperaturen in der Nähe der Rektristallisationstemperatur des verwendeten Materials gebracht wird, undb) daß der Wickeldraht (3) unmittelbar danach auf den Kern (1) gewickelt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die thermische Behandlung mittels eines Plasmabrenners (4) erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Plasmabrennen im freien Gasstrom (5) erfolgt, wobei insbesondere ein Argon/Stickstoff-Gemisch oder ein Argon/Wasserstoffgemisch angewendet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wickeldraht (3) ein Glühdraht für Leuchtkörper einer Glühlampe ist und daß der Kern ein Kerndraht oder Maschinenkern (1) ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Anschluß an Verfahrensschritt b) noch folgende weitere Verfahrensschritte ausgeführt werden, nämlich:c) daß der Glühdraht anschließend vereinzelt wird, wobei das fertige Gewendel beim Vereinzeln noch eine Restspannung besitzt, die sich unmittelbar nach dem Vereinzeln in eine Vergrößerung des Innendurchmessers des Gewendels umsetzt, so daß das Gewendel den innigen Kontakt zum Kern verliert,d) und daß schließlich der Kern aus dem locker aufsitzenden Gewendel herausgelöst wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Glühdraht vor dem Wickeln eine Temperatur von knapp unterhalb der Rekristallisationstemperatur des verwendeten Materials, bevorzugt zwischen 60 und 90 % der Rekristallisationstemperatur, erreicht.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kern ein wechselbarer Maschinenkern ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Maschinenkern aus thermisch hochbelastbarem Material besteht.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Herauslösen des Kerndrahts durch Zurückziehen des Maschinenkerns erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wickeldraht eine Wendel für die Elektrode einer Entladungslampe bildet und daß der Kern ein Kernstift bzw. Elektrodenschaft ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Verfahrensschritt a) der Wickeldraht auf Temperaturen um oder knapp oberhalb der Rekristallisationstemperatur des verwendeten Materials gebracht wird, insbesondere auf Temperaturen in der Nähe des Solidus-Liquidus-Übergangs.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material des Wickeldrahts Wolfram ist.
- Wendelkörper, insb. Glühkörper, oder Elektrode, nach dem Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche hergestellt.
- Lampe mit gemäß diesem Verfahren hergestelltem Wendelkörper oder Elektrode.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19653572 | 1996-12-20 | ||
DE19653572A DE19653572A1 (de) | 1996-12-20 | 1996-12-20 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von helikal gewickelten Wendelkörpern und Wendelkörper, die nach dieser Methode hergestellt sind |
CA002233854A CA2233854A1 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 1998-04-02 | Method for producing helically wound filament elements, and filament elements produced according to this method |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0849770A2 true EP0849770A2 (de) | 1998-06-24 |
EP0849770A3 EP0849770A3 (de) | 1999-06-09 |
EP0849770B1 EP0849770B1 (de) | 2003-10-08 |
Family
ID=31496458
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97121787A Expired - Lifetime EP0849770B1 (de) | 1996-12-20 | 1997-12-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von helikal gewickelten Wendelkörpern |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6161598A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0849770B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH10188918A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1118861C (de) |
CA (1) | CA2233854A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19653572A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1182690A1 (de) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-02-27 | General Electric Company | Behandlung eines Wolframfilaments hinsichtlich seiner Dimensionsstabilisierung |
CN100452278C (zh) * | 2006-01-23 | 2009-01-14 | 上海轻工业研究所有限公司 | 双轴绕丝机的卷绕部件夹紧处理装置 |
CN107262633A (zh) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-10-20 | 李乔利 | 一种安全环保的无芯绕丝机 |
US10634462B2 (en) | 2017-12-14 | 2020-04-28 | Axon Enterprise, Inc. | Systems and methods for winding a filament for an electrode of a conducted electrical weapon |
Families Citing this family (8)
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WO2005104165A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-11-03 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Method for the thermal treatment of tungsten electrodes free from thorium oxide for high-pressure discharge lamps |
DE102007034227A1 (de) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Behälters zur Aufnahme einer Hg-Quelle für eine Entladungslampe |
CN101687247B (zh) * | 2007-07-24 | 2012-07-18 | 株式会社东芝 | 线圈部件的制造方法及线圈部件 |
CN101719460B (zh) * | 2008-10-09 | 2011-12-07 | 上海轻工业研究所有限公司 | 在绕丝机上对灯丝定形的方法 |
CN103295856B (zh) * | 2012-02-23 | 2016-01-06 | 上海亚尔光源有限公司 | 超高性能点光源电极的成型方法 |
CN108787959A (zh) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-13 | 周莉 | 一种加工可调电极用微型弹簧的设备 |
CN108817286A (zh) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-16 | 周莉 | 一种微型扭转弹簧的加工设备及其制备方法 |
CN113084341A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-07-09 | 先健科技(深圳)有限公司 | 导丝、焊接装置及焊接方法 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB468449A (en) * | 1935-01-07 | 1937-07-06 | Egyesuelt Izzolampa | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of double or multiple helical tungsten incandescent bodies |
GB481964A (en) * | 1936-08-17 | 1938-03-17 | Allg Glueblampenfabriks Aktien | Filaments for electric incandescent lamps and method of manufacturing the same |
US2136649A (en) * | 1936-03-17 | 1938-11-15 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Coiled coil and the method and apparatus for making |
US3067357A (en) * | 1960-09-21 | 1962-12-04 | Gen Electric | Electric discharge lamp electrode |
JPS54144782A (en) * | 1978-04-29 | 1979-11-12 | Toshiba Corp | Method of fabricating tungsten filament |
EP0149282A2 (de) * | 1984-01-13 | 1985-07-24 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von schraubenlinienförmig gewickelten Glühkörper und mit diesem Verfahren hergestellte Glühkörper |
JPH04303556A (ja) * | 1991-03-30 | 1992-10-27 | Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp | フィラメントの成形方法 |
JPH0513052A (ja) * | 1991-07-05 | 1993-01-22 | Matsushita Electron Corp | 管球用フイラメントコイルの製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US1057088A (en) * | 1912-06-15 | 1913-03-25 | Gen Electric | Shaping filaments. |
BE367693A (de) * | 1924-03-15 | |||
NL19275C (de) * | 1925-09-21 | |||
GB441207A (en) * | 1934-07-18 | 1936-01-15 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in the manufacture of coiled coil filaments for electric incandescent lamps |
US2371205A (en) * | 1943-10-30 | 1945-03-13 | Coiled | |
US2667204A (en) * | 1952-03-29 | 1954-01-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Coiling head assembly |
JPS5374353A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1978-07-01 | Nec Corp | Manufacturing device for electron tube helix |
US5680003A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1997-10-21 | General Electric Company | Coiled-coil filament design for an incandescent lamp |
-
1996
- 1996-12-20 DE DE19653572A patent/DE19653572A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-12-10 DE DE59710832T patent/DE59710832D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-10 EP EP97121787A patent/EP0849770B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-17 JP JP9364006A patent/JPH10188918A/ja active Pending
- 1997-12-19 CN CN97125574A patent/CN1118861C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-03-31 US US09/052,701 patent/US6161598A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-02 CA CA002233854A patent/CA2233854A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB468449A (en) * | 1935-01-07 | 1937-07-06 | Egyesuelt Izzolampa | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of double or multiple helical tungsten incandescent bodies |
US2136649A (en) * | 1936-03-17 | 1938-11-15 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Coiled coil and the method and apparatus for making |
GB481964A (en) * | 1936-08-17 | 1938-03-17 | Allg Glueblampenfabriks Aktien | Filaments for electric incandescent lamps and method of manufacturing the same |
US3067357A (en) * | 1960-09-21 | 1962-12-04 | Gen Electric | Electric discharge lamp electrode |
JPS54144782A (en) * | 1978-04-29 | 1979-11-12 | Toshiba Corp | Method of fabricating tungsten filament |
EP0149282A2 (de) * | 1984-01-13 | 1985-07-24 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von schraubenlinienförmig gewickelten Glühkörper und mit diesem Verfahren hergestellte Glühkörper |
JPH04303556A (ja) * | 1991-03-30 | 1992-10-27 | Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp | フィラメントの成形方法 |
JPH0513052A (ja) * | 1991-07-05 | 1993-01-22 | Matsushita Electron Corp | 管球用フイラメントコイルの製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 004, no. 009 (M-089), 23. Januar 1980 & JP 54 144782 A (TOSHIBA CORP), 12. November 1979 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 128 (E-1333), 18. März 1993 & JP 04 303556 A (TOSHIBA LIGHTING & TECHNOL CORP), 27. Oktober 1992 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 017, no. 272 (E-1371), 26. Mai 1993 & JP 05 013052 A (MATSUSHITA ELECTRON CORP), 22. Januar 1993 * |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1182690A1 (de) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-02-27 | General Electric Company | Behandlung eines Wolframfilaments hinsichtlich seiner Dimensionsstabilisierung |
US6669523B1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2003-12-30 | General Electric Company | Method of dimensionally stabilizing a tungsten filament |
CN100452278C (zh) * | 2006-01-23 | 2009-01-14 | 上海轻工业研究所有限公司 | 双轴绕丝机的卷绕部件夹紧处理装置 |
CN107262633A (zh) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-10-20 | 李乔利 | 一种安全环保的无芯绕丝机 |
CN107262633B (zh) * | 2015-11-12 | 2018-10-19 | 中山市衍海贸易有限公司 | 一种安全环保的无芯绕丝机 |
US10634462B2 (en) | 2017-12-14 | 2020-04-28 | Axon Enterprise, Inc. | Systems and methods for winding a filament for an electrode of a conducted electrical weapon |
US10690455B2 (en) | 2017-12-14 | 2020-06-23 | Axon Enterprise, Inc. | Electrode for a conducted electrical weapon |
US11022409B2 (en) | 2017-12-14 | 2021-06-01 | Axon Enterprise, Inc. | Electrode body features for a conducted electrical weapon |
US11668548B2 (en) | 2017-12-14 | 2023-06-06 | Axon Enterprise, Inc. | Electrode for a conducted electrical weapon |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1185650A (zh) | 1998-06-24 |
CN1118861C (zh) | 2003-08-20 |
EP0849770B1 (de) | 2003-10-08 |
EP0849770A3 (de) | 1999-06-09 |
DE59710832D1 (de) | 2003-11-13 |
US6161598A (en) | 2000-12-19 |
CA2233854A1 (en) | 1999-10-02 |
DE19653572A1 (de) | 1998-06-25 |
JPH10188918A (ja) | 1998-07-21 |
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