EP0840876B1 - Procede et dispositif de sechage de briques crues ceramique - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de sechage de briques crues ceramique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0840876B1
EP0840876B1 EP96922040A EP96922040A EP0840876B1 EP 0840876 B1 EP0840876 B1 EP 0840876B1 EP 96922040 A EP96922040 A EP 96922040A EP 96922040 A EP96922040 A EP 96922040A EP 0840876 B1 EP0840876 B1 EP 0840876B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaped bodies
drying
air
frame
substantially identical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96922040A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0840876A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Wagner
Konstantin Seybold
Robert Vordorfer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOVOKERAM MAX WAGNER GmbH
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NOVOKERAM MAX WAGNER GmbH
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Publication of EP0840876A1 publication Critical patent/EP0840876A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
    • B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/006—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects the gas supply or exhaust being effected through hollow spaces or cores in the materials or objects, e.g. tubes, pipes, bottles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F26B21/022—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure with provisions for changing the drying gas flow pattern, e.g. by reversing gas flow, by moving the materials or objects through subsequent compartments, at least two of which have a different direction of gas flow

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for drying ceramic moldings with the characteristics in the preamble of procedural and Device main claim.
  • Such a method and device is known from the DE-A 38 17 972 known.
  • the drying rack which has several floors, are the Moldings in one, two or three layers next to each other arranged.
  • a blowing device transversely to the Drying rack directed airflow generated.
  • the Blower device has air ducts from the side open near the drying rack. The exit opening however, the blowing device is smaller than that Side surface of the drying rack and in it existing molding stock.
  • the fan sits over that Drying rack, the air ducts are C-shaped have.
  • the drying air is from the blowing device blown on one side on the moldings and on the suctioned opposite side.
  • Air ducts are arranged above the Baffle arranged with the drying rack together connected to escape the drying air to prevent.
  • the drying racks are used as wagons trained with pallets.
  • FR-C-972 931 there is also a tunnel dryer several arranged alternately one behind the other Dry zones and quiet zones known through which the Dry goods are transported continuously. Within the drying zones become uniform, cross-directional and regulated air flows.
  • the object of the present invention is a method and to show a device that is shorter Allow drying times with high drying quality.
  • the invention solves this problem with the features in Process and device main claim.
  • the drying rack has a surrounding frame that prevents the air flow from escaping to the side.
  • the desired free spaces can be a or several, preferably mobile and mechanical adjustable panels can be arranged on the frame.
  • the use of one or more fans expanding air ducts are next to the side arranged the drying racks and straighten the Air flow without deflecting deflections, such as they are present in the prior art, directly on the Dry goods. On a suction of the air flow on the opposite side of the drying racks preferably waived.
  • the moldings are in one layer Drying rack arranged. Through a multiple arrangement of blowing devices with an offset arrangement on both sides compared to the drying racks, the dry goods be reversely blown from the front and rear.
  • the dry air can be conditioned in different ways. This can be done by separate dry zones and / or stationary dynamic with an oscillating change of Temperature and / or humidity happen. This allows the drying progress even more evenly and accelerate at the same time. The overall result is a shorter one Drying time without sacrificing dry quality goes.
  • the dryer can be used with a suitable control for oscillating conditioning be equipped. This requires little construction and also allows retrofitting of existing systems.
  • the method according to the invention and the associated one Device are for any dry goods, eg. Belly Wood or the like, can be used.
  • FIG 1 shows a dryer (1) for ceramic moldings (6) as in the illustrated embodiment Continuous dryer is designed. He owns several Stations or zones (2), preferably against each other are sealed off and in which the dry material (6) with differently conditioned or air-conditioned Drying air (14) is dried. Alternatively, it can is also a single or multiple chamber dryer act as shown for example in Figure 3.
  • the dry material (6) consists of ceramic moldings that preferably have holes (20) (see FIG. 4). It is preferably a hollow brick. It but can also any other ceramic moldings (6) his.
  • the moldings (6) are in one or more Drying racks (7) stored, which are preferably movable are arranged. As Figure 4 illustrates, these are Drying racks (7) arranged upright and have one or several horizontal support strips (19) on which the individual moldings (6).
  • the moldings (6) are in a few layers arranged horizontally next to each other. In the preferred embodiment there is only one layer. However, two or more layers can also be used correspondingly wide support strips (19).
  • the drying racks (7) have a surrounding frame (15) of the molding (6) on the side with little Distance encloses.
  • the frame can e.g. B. on suitable trolleys (22) a rail (23) running through the dryer (1) attached and at the lower end via suitable guides (24) held and guided in the vertical.
  • FIG. 1 in an exemplary embodiment, extends the rail (23) through the dryer (1) and whose stations (2). Via a lockable entrance (25) the drying racks (7) get into the dryer (1), walk through this and occur after completion of the Drying process on an opposite and also lockable outlet (26) again. At the entrance and Exit (25, 26) may have locks. By the dryer (1) the drying racks (7) move along the arrow in the top view of Figure 1.
  • the supply and conditioning of the dry air can be done in conventionally and / or in a special way type described below.
  • a longitudinal one on the roof of the dryer Hot air duct (3) arranged from the suitable Neck hot air is supplied to the individual zones (2).
  • the nozzle can e.g. directly on the inlet or the Intake side of a blowing device (4) to be directed.
  • the Hot air can be mixed with the existing room air become.
  • Humidification devices (37) may be provided.
  • One or more blowing devices are in the dryer (1) (4) arranged an air flow from the side Aim (14) at the molding (6).
  • the Outlet opening (12) of the blowing device (4) is in the Size on the loaded side surface of the Shaped trim (6) matched.
  • the whole Shaped trim (6) in the drying rack (7) is on his full side surface with an air flow (14) acts on the largely laminar and horizontal is directed and the one over the entire inflow surface has largely the same pressure distribution. This will the same as possible for each molded part (6) Inflow conditions created.
  • the blowing device (4) can have different designs his. It is close to with its outlet opening (12) Arranged drying rack (7) and the molding (6), so that a lateral escape of the air flow (14) is avoided.
  • the blowing device (4) can have different designs his.
  • Figures 2 and 3 illustrate a preferred Embodiment, the particular advantages in terms of Has uniformity of flow conditions.
  • the one shown Blowing device (4) consists of one or more, preferably two stationary fans (5). This have a stationary vertical jacket (11), the is cylindrical. The interior turns suitable fan wheel (10) driven by a motor is. The jacket (11) is closed at the lower end. At the upper end it has a widening Inlet nozzle (9), through which on the one hand the room air the drying chamber can be sucked in and through the on the other hand, the fresh air or hot air from the Channel (3) can be supplied.
  • the jacket (11) has a tangential outlet (28), which is preferably over the entire jacket height extends.
  • a tangential outlet (28) which is preferably over the entire jacket height extends.
  • the slope compensation can also be done using a conical jacket or in any other suitable manner.
  • the two fans (5) are preferably only on one Side of the drying rack (7) and in the immediate Neighborhood arranged side by side.
  • Your Outlets (28) open into conically widening air ducts (8) that extend to the drying rack (7) and in there immediate vicinity of the frame (15) or Mold trim (6) end.
  • a diffuser (13) is arranged, which the air flow (14) evenly and preferably as a curved Perforated plate is formed (see FIG. 3).
  • the Air guide channels (8) abut each other on the drying rack (7) and together form the aforementioned outlet opening (12), which extends over the entire side surface of the Shaped trim (6) extends.
  • the drying racks (7) are preferred in size matched to the size of the moldings (6).
  • the moldings (6) are further arranged so that they on both Sides and above are surrounded by a free space (21) is chosen so large that the speed of the Holes (20) directed flow substantially the same great as the speed of through the open spaces (21) is directed air flow.
  • the size of the free spaces (21) depends on the number and size of the holes (20). In practice, the free spaces (21) have a width of approx. 1 to 4 cm.
  • the height of the support strips (19) can be adjusted or from the start to the height of the moldings (6) be adjusted.
  • the sides of the moldings (6) by means of a suitable loading technology when loading the Drying racks (7) ensured.
  • Side clearances at the edges of the molded trim (6) are preferably movable screens (16) on the frame (15) arranged. They can be plugged in.
  • an infeed device (17) available, for example with a Parallelogram handlebar is equipped.
  • the bezels (16) can thereby be aligned with the horizontal and vertical edges of the molding (6) in order to create constant free spaces (21).
  • the side panels (16) can have recesses (18) have, which correspond to the support strips (19) (see Figure 5).
  • the moldings (6) are preferred continuously without significant interruption of the Flow of dry air.
  • the inflow is preferred only interrupted to change stations.
  • temperature and / or humidity of the Air flow can be kept constant.
  • Embodiment will be temperature and / or relative Humidity of the dry air (14) in the partitioned zone (2) or the complete drying chamber at least oscillating in stages, changing the values fluctuate rhythmically around or at a preset value.
  • the drying air is conditioned via a suitable air conditioning (29).
  • a suitable air conditioning (29).
  • This can be designed differently.
  • the air conditioning device (29) can also be a Heating (36) for the circulating air and / or the outside air or Have fresh air.
  • the air conditioner (29) is in Figure 2 e.g. on the roof of the dryer (1) and in the area of the Hot air duct (3) arranged.
  • the air conditioning device (29) has a suitable control (33) with which the conditioning of the dry air can be changed oscillating.
  • the controller (33) is preferably freely programmable. It is as electronic circuit or as a computer with one or trained and has multiple microprocessors suitable data storage, bus systems, input and Output units and interfaces for the connection with other control units, e.g. a cross-dryer machine control.
  • the control (33) can also be integrated in a higher-level control or be assigned in modules.
  • the controller (33) there are default values for temperature and relative humidity stored, which is related to the drying behavior the respective moldings (6) are adapted. They lay preferably in the form of gradients (35). Here there it e.g. for the temperature with a heating phase rising temperatures, a holding phase with constant temperature and a final phase with again rising temperature. With increasing drying progress in the moldings (6) the stress and Crack sensitivity, so that in the end the temperature can rise relatively quickly and to high values.
  • the relative humidity shows a reverse behavior. She is relatively high at the beginning in order not to close the molding (6) drying out quickly and takes about at the end of Holding phase of the temperature quickly. Temperature and relative humidity refers to the dry air flow (14) and depend on each other.
  • a certain rhythm can exist in the fluctuations. This is e.g. the case when the value changes of the controller (33) is specified as programmed variables become.
  • the rhythm can be controlled by a timer (34) can be set.
  • regulation can also take place, whereby the Actual values of temperature and / or humidity in the air flow (14) or on or in the molding (6) via suitable sensors be measured.
  • the regulation then contains limit values for the fluctuation amplitude specified when it is reached the controller (33) switches and the air conditioning (29) controls in the opposite direction.
  • Both values can be in the control (33) or the regulation individually influenced for humidity and / or temperature and be monitored. In a simplified embodiment it is also possible to only use one parameter, e.g. the Humidity, control. The other parameter changes then accordingly. As part of the scheme, one can or both parameters can be monitored as actual values.
  • the oscillating Change in air conditioning throughout Drying process takes place.
  • this can also be done happen in stages, e.g. only during the heating and Hold phase of the temperature.
  • Stages There are other forms of Stages possible.
  • the Moldings (6) around relatively thin-walled structures, e.g. Roof tiles, tiles or the like.
  • the moldings (6) with the air flow (14) in the aforementioned manner blown directly, the air flow (14) transversely or obliquely to one or both broad sides of the moldings (6) is directed.
  • the moldings (6) during the entire drying process blown with the air flow (14).
  • the usual ones Rest periods and the rhythm of blowing are eliminated. you will be due to the oscillating conditioning of the dry air replaced.
  • the Moldings (6) can be in front of the Moldings (6) have a perforated plate on at least one side (30,31) can be arranged.
  • a perforated plate on at least one side (30,31) can be arranged.
  • front and rear perforated plates (30.31) are in the mutual blowing of the Moldings (6) front and rear perforated plates (30.31) arranged.
  • the perforated plates (30.31) are characterized by a variety of relatively small openings, between which also have larger openings, at least in some areas can be present.
  • the perforated sheets (30,31) one or more covers (32) through the sensitive areas of the moldings (6) against the Air flow (14) can be partitioned off.
  • the perforated plates (30, 31) act as a kind of diffuser. she can perform this function appropriately also be trained differently.
  • the perforated sheets (30.31) can be designed as a mold carrier. Such Design is particularly suitable for ridge tiles.
  • the Curvature of the mold carrier is on the arch shape of the brick adapted and supports this.
  • the holes or openings are preferably located in the bulge area of the Mold carrier and ensure targeted drying of the relatively delicate brick arch.
  • the Andes Curved edge adjoining side flanges of the omega-shaped mold carriers can be solid or likewise be perforated and support the brick edges.
  • Modifications of the shape support shape are in any Wise and in adaptation to the particular shape of the molding possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé de séchage de pièces (6) moulées crues en céramique, notamment de pièces (6) moulées crues perforées, dans un bâti (7) de séchage vertical à plusieurs étages au moyen d'un flux (14) d'air dirigé transversalement, les pièces (6) moulées crues étant disposées les unes à la suite des autres en quelques couches dans la direction du flux d'air, caractérisé en ce que le flux (14) d'air afflue sur la totalité de la face latérale sollicitée de la charge (6) de pièces moulées crues qui se trouve dans le bâti (7) de séchage, avec une répartition de pression sensiblement uniforme sur toute cette face de la charge et des conditions d'écoulement sensiblement identiques pour chaque pièce (6) moulée crue.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la charge (6) de pièces moulées crues est étroitement entourée sur ses bords extérieurs par le bâti (7) de séchage.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le flux (14) d'air est dirigé frontalement sur les trous (20) des pièces (6) moulées crues, l'air (14) de séchage traversant les pièces (6) moulées crues et les contournant extérieurement, et la vitesse de traversée étant sensiblement identique à la vitesse de contournement.
  4. Procédé suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un espace (21) libre est laissé entre les pièces (6) moulées crues perforées et par rapport au bâti (7) de séchage, espace qui est suffisamment grand pour que la vitesse d'écoulement de l'air (14) de séchage dans les trous (20) de la pièce (6) moulée crue et dans l'espace (21) libre soit sensiblement identique.
  5. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'une ou plusieurs soufflantes (4) latérales fixes soufflent de l'air sur un côté des pièces (6) moulées crues.
  6. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'on souffle alternativement de l'air sur les pièces (6) moulées crues dans deux directions opposées.
  7. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'on déplace les pièces (6) moulées crues dans plusieurs postes ou zones (2) à conditionnements d'air différents d'un sécheur (1).
  8. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'on souffle de l'air sensiblement en permanence sur les pièces (6) moulées crues pendant le processus de séchage.
  9. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'on souffle de l'air sur les pièces (6) moulées crues à travers une ou plusieurs tôles perforées.
  10. Dispositif de séchage de pièces (6) moulées crues en céramique, notamment de pièces (6) moulées crues perforées, comportant au moins un équipement (4) de soufflage pour produire un flux (14) d'air dirigé transversalement et comportant au moins un bâti (7) de séchage vertical à plusieurs étages, dans lequel les pièces (6) moulées crues sont disposées les unes à la suite des autres en quelques couches dans la direction du flux (14) d'air, l'ouverture (12) de sortie de l'équipement (4) de soufflage se trouvant à proximité du bâti (7) de séchage, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture (12) de sortie de l'équipement (4) de soufflage couvre la totalité de la face latérale sollicitée de la charge (6) de pièces (6) moulées crues qui se trouve dans le bâti (7) de séchage, la répartition de pression dans le flux (14) d'air étant sensiblement uniforme sur toute l'ouverture (12) de sortie, et les conditions d'afflux étant sensiblement identiques pour chaque pièce (6) moulée crue.
  11. Dispositif suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le bâti (7) de séchage comporte un cadre (15) entourant et des barres (19) porteuses pour une ou deux couches de pièces (6) moulées crues.
  12. Dispositif suivant la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que les pièces (6) moulées crues perforées sont disposées dans le bâti (7) de séchage avec un espace (21) libre, entre elles et par rapport au cadre (15) ou à des panneaux (16) entourants, qui est d'une dimension telle que la vitesse d'écoulement de l'air (14) de séchage dans les trous (20) de la pièce (6) moulée crue et dans l'espace (21) libre est sensiblement identique.
  13. Dispositif suivant la revendication 10, 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que l'équipement (4) de soufflage comporte une ou plusieurs soufflantes (5) fixes dotées de canaux (8) de guidage d'air allant en s'élargissant, qui se raccordent jointivement au cadre (15) ou à des panneaux (16) du bâti (7) de séchage.
  14. Dispositif suivant la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'équipement (4) de soufflage comporte deux soufflantes (5) juxtaposées, dont les canaux (8) de guidage d'air se rejoignent.
EP96922040A 1995-07-27 1996-06-27 Procede et dispositif de sechage de briques crues ceramique Expired - Lifetime EP0840876B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19527415 1995-07-27
DE19527415A DE19527415A1 (de) 1995-07-27 1995-07-27 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von keramischen Formlingen
PCT/EP1996/002815 WO1997005437A1 (fr) 1995-07-27 1996-06-27 Procede et dispositif de sechage de briques crues ceramique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0840876A1 EP0840876A1 (fr) 1998-05-13
EP0840876B1 true EP0840876B1 (fr) 2001-08-22

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EP96922040A Expired - Lifetime EP0840876B1 (fr) 1995-07-27 1996-06-27 Procede et dispositif de sechage de briques crues ceramique

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Country Link
EP (1) EP0840876B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19527415A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2159748T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997005437A1 (fr)

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EP0877220A3 (fr) 1997-05-06 2000-12-20 Hans Lingl Anlagenbau und Verfahrenstechnik GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif et procédé de séchage de corps céramiques moulés
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ES2180355B1 (es) * 1999-06-04 2005-04-16 Gartea Ingenieria, S.L. Perfeccionamiento de tunel de secado para vagonetas de material ceramico.
DE102007062851A1 (de) 2007-11-27 2009-05-28 Robert Thomas Metall- Und Elektrowerke Gmbh & Co. Kg Trockner für gelochte Keramikformlinge
DE202011051701U1 (de) 2011-10-20 2013-01-23 Hans Lingl Anlagenbau Und Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Trockeneinrichtung
CN103727770A (zh) * 2013-12-20 2014-04-16 韩军 一种料斗烘干装置、塑胶原料干燥方法及多级烘料机
CN109323552A (zh) * 2018-10-12 2019-02-12 马鞍山沐及信息科技有限公司 一种石膏制备厂专用烘干装置
CN111037696A (zh) * 2019-12-20 2020-04-21 湖州练市鸿泰木业有限公司 一种木质装饰条生产用工艺
CN112299863B (zh) * 2020-10-27 2022-08-12 杭州翰锋新材料科技有限公司 一种钢包包衬耐材的加工方法
CN113776312A (zh) * 2021-10-22 2021-12-10 合肥陶陶新材料科技有限公司 一种双面纹理陶瓷砖制作用烘干设备
CN116399108B (zh) * 2023-06-07 2023-08-29 福建省德化县创荣陶瓷有限公司 一种陶瓷加工用瓷胚干燥装置

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DE3049162A1 (de) * 1980-12-24 1982-07-15 Keramikindustrieanlagen W.Strohmenger GmbH & Co KG, 8524 Neunkirchen Trocknungsvorrichtung fuer keramikwaren
DE3210652A1 (de) * 1982-03-23 1983-10-06 Fuchs & Co Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur belueftung von trockengut in einem tunneltrockner
DE3817972A1 (de) * 1988-05-27 1989-11-30 Erlus Baustoffwerke Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von lochziegelrohlingen
DE3925063A1 (de) * 1989-07-28 1991-01-31 Wagner Max Novokeram Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trocknen von keramischen formlingen
DE4344531A1 (de) * 1993-12-24 1995-06-29 Werner Strohmenger Durchlauftrockner für keramisches Gut
DE19511321C2 (de) * 1995-03-28 1998-09-17 Wagner Max Novokeram Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Formlingen, insbesondere Dachziegeln

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DE19527415A1 (de) 1997-01-30
ES2159748T3 (es) 2001-10-16
WO1997005437A1 (fr) 1997-02-13
DE59607542D1 (de) 2001-09-27
EP0840876A1 (fr) 1998-05-13

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