EP0771946A1 - Système de carburant - Google Patents

Système de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0771946A1
EP0771946A1 EP96112865A EP96112865A EP0771946A1 EP 0771946 A1 EP0771946 A1 EP 0771946A1 EP 96112865 A EP96112865 A EP 96112865A EP 96112865 A EP96112865 A EP 96112865A EP 0771946 A1 EP0771946 A1 EP 0771946A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
pressure
engine
fuel system
relief valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96112865A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0771946B1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Treml
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP0771946A1 publication Critical patent/EP0771946A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0771946B1 publication Critical patent/EP0771946B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0011Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor
    • F02M37/0023Valves in the fuel supply and return system
    • F02M37/0029Pressure regulator in the low pressure fuel system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/0052Details on the fuel return circuit; Arrangement of pressure regulators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0076Details of the fuel feeding system related to the fuel tank
    • F02M37/0088Multiple separate fuel tanks or tanks being at least partially partitioned
    • F02M37/0094Saddle tanks; Tanks having partition walls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04Feeding by means of driven pumps
    • F02M37/08Feeding by means of driven pumps electrically driven
    • F02M37/10Feeding by means of driven pumps electrically driven submerged in fuel, e.g. in reservoir
    • F02M37/106Feeding by means of driven pumps electrically driven submerged in fuel, e.g. in reservoir the pump being installed in a sub-tank
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D33/00Controlling delivery of fuel or combustion-air, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D33/003Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus ; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge
    • F02D33/006Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus ; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge depending on engine operating conditions, e.g. start, stop or ambient conditions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/02Feeding by means of suction apparatus, e.g. by air flow through carburettors
    • F02M37/025Feeding by means of a liquid fuel-driven jet pump

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel system for a motor vehicle according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a fuel system for a motor vehicle is already known, in which a three / two-way valve is used to regulate the fuel circuit.
  • This valve is relatively complex, expensive and requires a relatively large amount of space.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fuel system for a motor vehicle in which simple, mechanical components are used and which requires a small installation space, in particular the new fuel system should be able to be used for the running loss fuel circuit.
  • the components used have a simple structure and can be integrated in a single unit, this relates in particular to a check valve, a pressure regulator and possibly a filter. An inadmissibly high pressure is avoided due to the arrangement of these components near the tank and the existing elasticities. Pressure buffers in the form of elastic elements, in particular in the lines, are installed as a fuse.
  • the formation of the gas bubbles during the post-heating phase is prevented by a check valve in the supply line.
  • the pressure in the injection rail increases during the post-heating phase above the system pressure, so that there is almost no outgassing of the fuel.
  • the engine-side pressure relief valve thus ensures good system filling and, on the other hand, protection against impermissibly high pressures in the reheating phase.
  • valve block or another unit reduces the installation space requirement.
  • the valve block or the unit can be arranged close to the tank.
  • the housing of the valve block or the unit can be made of metal or plastic.
  • the design of the housing as an injection molded part has proven to be inexpensive.
  • the outlet to the engine-side return line is preferably formed at the highest point in the injection rail. This has the advantage that gas, which is located in the injection rail, can be completely discharged into the tank via the return.
  • the flying mounting is characterized in that additional fastening elements are saved and possible resonance noises of the pressure regulator are not transmitted to the body.
  • the fuel system can be used universally, which results in a reduction in variants. Raising the pressure in the injection rail in the after-heating phase of the engine standstill causes that the hot start can be controlled from the tank even without flushing with cold fuel.
  • the fuel system according to the invention has improved operating conditions when using a suction jet pump, since the temperature level in the lines and in the fuel tank is reduced, so that there are fewer gas components in the fuel. In this way, the suction jet pump delivers better, so that the performance of the suction jet pump and the fuel pump can be reduced.
  • the reduced requirements for the delivery rate and hot delivery enable the use of cost-effective single-stage pumps or flow pumps. Retrofitting of old vehicles is also possible.
  • the fuel system according to the invention operates more quietly than known fuel systems at significantly lower costs. Finally, the components used are less sensitive to dirt.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fuel system 1 in which fuel 4 is conveyed from a fuel tank 2 via a fuel pump 3 to an injection rail 5 of an engine M (not shown).
  • the fuel pump 3 is generally operated electrically and is located in a swirl pot 6.
  • the fuel tank 2 shown in FIG. 1 has two chambers 7a and 7b. The fuel level in the the two chambers are different, as indicated by a triangle on top.
  • the fuel is conveyed from the left chamber 7b into the right chamber 7a by a suction jet pump 8.
  • the suction jet pump 8 is driven by the amount of fuel, which is not required by the engine M and flows back into the fuel tank 2.
  • the suction jet pump 8 is omitted, so that the fuel flowing back flows directly into the fuel tank via a return line 9.
  • the fuel delivered by the fuel pump 3 from the fuel tank 2 flows via a feed line 10 to a filter 11.
  • the filtered fuel acts on a pressure regulator 12 and then flows through a pressure-maintaining or non-return valve 13.
  • the fuel then enters the injection bar 5.
  • the fuel from the engine M fuel that is not required is returned to the fuel tank 2 via the return line 17 or 9.
  • the engine-side pressure relief valve 15 is closed.
  • the pressure relief valve 15 is activated only when the system is being filled and, if necessary, during the reheating phase when the engine is not running.
  • the opening pressure of the additional pressure relief valve 15 is on the one hand higher than the system pressure, but on the other hand it is lower than the opening pressure of the pump-side pressure relief valve 100.
  • the system is filled significantly faster by an overpressure acting on a vacuum connection of the pressure regulator 12 while the fuel pump 3 is operating at the same time.
  • the opening pressure of the engine-side pressure relief valve 15 is higher than the system pressure, the formation of gas bubbles during the post-heating phase is largely prevented. This presupposes that the injection valves of the injection rail 5 are tight.
  • the engine-side pressure relief valve 15 protects against impermissibly high pressures in the post-heating phase. If the fuel in the injection rail 5 reaches an impermissibly high pressure, the pressure relief valve 15 is opened and the excess fuel can flow back into the fuel tank 2 via the return lines 14 and 9.
  • the fuel pump 3 delivers a constant amount of fuel through the feed line 10.
  • the pressure regulator 12 delivers the amount of fuel not required by the engine via a return line 17 to the return line 9.
  • An outlet opening 18 is formed on the injection bar 5, if possible, at the highest point of the injection bar 5. It is thereby achieved that the gas located in the injection bar 5 can be transported completely back to the fuel tank 2.
  • the valve block 20 shows a valve block 20, in which the engine-side check valve 13 and the engine-side pressure limiting valve 15 are integrated.
  • the valve block 20 has a housing 21, which can be made of metal or plastic.
  • a connection opening 22 for the pressure regulator 12 is formed in the housing 21.
  • the housing 21 has an H shape.
  • the flow direction of the fuel is indicated by arrows in FIG. 2.
  • the check valve 13 is installed in the section 23 opposite thereto. Under the sections 23 and 24 designed as lines, a connecting line 17 is provided which connects the return line 25 consisting of the sections 9 'and 24 with the flow line 26 of the housing 21 consisting of the sections 10 and 23.
  • ends 27 and 28 of the lines 25 and 26 of the housing 21 pointing outwards conical thickenings are formed in cross-section which reduce their cross-section in the axial direction towards the outside.
  • ends 27 and 28 may have a pine cone-shaped cross section.
  • connection opening 22 which is formed in the flow line 26 of the housing 21, a pipe socket 29 of the pressure regulator 12 is arranged.
  • the pipe socket 29 has a cylindrical section 30, the diameter of which is adapted to the inside diameter of the return line 17.
  • a seal 31, for example an O-ring, is provided on its outer circumference.
  • On the cylindrical Section 30 is followed by a further cylindrical section 32 with a larger diameter.
  • a seal 33 is also arranged on the outer circumference of the cylindrical section 32.
  • a diaphragm or another device which opens above a certain limit pressure, for example between 3 and 4 bar, so that the fuel from the supply line 26 through a passage opening 34 formed in the cylindrical sections 30 and 32 can flow through.
  • the fuel flowing through the passage opening 34 is shown by the essentially horizontal arrow in FIG. 2.
  • the check valve 13 and the pressure relief valve 15 essentially consist of a closing element 36, such as a ball, a resilient element 37 and a spring lock 38.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of a fuel system 1 ', in which, in contrast to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the engine-side pressure relief valve 15 is omitted.
  • the return line 14 on the engine side and the outlet opening 18 on the injection bar 5 are also missing.
  • An elastic element 39 has been added, which can be designed, for example, in the form of a pressure accumulator.
  • a vacuum line 40 can be provided between the intake manifold of the motor M and the pressure regulator 12, as in FIG. 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
EP96112865A 1995-11-02 1996-08-09 Système de carburant Expired - Lifetime EP0771946B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19540892A DE19540892A1 (de) 1995-11-02 1995-11-02 Kraftstoffanlage
DE19540892 1995-11-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0771946A1 true EP0771946A1 (fr) 1997-05-07
EP0771946B1 EP0771946B1 (fr) 2000-11-02

Family

ID=7776472

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96112865A Expired - Lifetime EP0771946B1 (fr) 1995-11-02 1996-08-09 Système de carburant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5749345A (fr)
EP (1) EP0771946B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19540892A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2152462T3 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0997633A1 (fr) * 1998-10-28 2000-05-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Système d'alimentation en carburant
EP0939218A3 (fr) * 1998-02-25 2000-05-31 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'alimentation en carburant
WO2008091595A1 (fr) * 2007-01-24 2008-07-31 Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. Système de dérivation de gicleur de carburant à basse pression pour une pompe à carburant
WO2014057093A1 (fr) * 2012-10-13 2014-04-17 Volkswagen Ag Système d'alimentation en carburant
WO2016078849A1 (fr) * 2014-11-21 2016-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif de commande de pression, notamment pour pompe à haute pression refoulant un fluide

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JPH10246162A (ja) * 1997-03-03 1998-09-14 Sanshin Ind Co Ltd 筒内燃料噴射式エンジンの燃料供給装置
DE19750036C2 (de) * 1997-11-12 1999-09-02 Mannesmann Vdo Ag Kraftstoffördereinrichtung
EP0930426B1 (fr) * 1998-01-13 2003-12-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Méthode pour prédéterminer la référence de pression d'un système d'injection de carburant avec accumulateur
FR2774132B1 (fr) * 1998-01-27 2000-04-07 Semt Pielstick Dispositif pour eviter la cavitation dans les pompes a injection
US5832900A (en) * 1998-04-23 1998-11-10 Siemens Automotove Corporation Fuel recirculation arrangement and method for direct fuel injection system
JP2000145591A (ja) * 1998-09-01 2000-05-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 燃料供給装置
US6098599A (en) * 1998-09-02 2000-08-08 Chrysler Corporation System for delivering fuel to a motor vehicle engine and related method
US6148849A (en) * 1999-05-07 2000-11-21 Dynamic Safety, Inc. Safety vehicular fuel system
DE19936287C2 (de) * 1999-08-02 2003-04-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Bedarfssteuerung für ein Kraftstoffördermodul mit variablem Systemdruck
DE19942548A1 (de) * 1999-09-07 2001-03-08 Mannesmann Vdo Ag Zum Fördern von Kraftstoff aus einem Kraftstoffbehälter zu einer Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges vorgesehene Fördereinrichtung
DE19950289A1 (de) * 1999-10-19 2001-04-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffversorgungseinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE10003748A1 (de) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kraftstoffversorgungssystem für Brennkraftmaschinen mit verbesserter Befüllung der Kraftstoffleitung
JP3884212B2 (ja) * 2000-03-24 2007-02-21 株式会社日立製作所 燃料供給装置
US6622707B2 (en) 2000-06-28 2003-09-23 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Electronic returnless fuel system
JP3833449B2 (ja) * 2000-07-25 2006-10-11 株式会社日立製作所 燃料供給装置
US6532941B2 (en) * 2000-08-29 2003-03-18 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Electronic returnless fuel system
US6601565B2 (en) * 2000-10-30 2003-08-05 Siemens Automotive Inc. Pressure regulating valve and system
JP4370610B2 (ja) * 2001-06-29 2009-11-25 株式会社デンソー 燃料供給装置
JP2003083191A (ja) * 2001-09-05 2003-03-19 Hitachi Unisia Automotive Ltd 燃料噴射装置
US7275524B2 (en) * 2002-12-07 2007-10-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Non-return fuel supply system
US6837219B2 (en) * 2003-02-04 2005-01-04 Airtex Products Ported pressure relief valve
US6871640B2 (en) * 2003-03-18 2005-03-29 Ti Group Automotive Systems, Inc. Saddle tank siphon primer
US6988488B2 (en) * 2003-04-15 2006-01-24 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Fuel pressure relief valve
DE10317216A1 (de) * 2003-04-15 2004-11-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Fördern von Kraftstoff aus einem Kraftstofftank zu einer Brennkraftmaschine
US20040250795A1 (en) * 2003-06-10 2004-12-16 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Managing fuel volume change in fuel rail
JP2005069171A (ja) * 2003-08-27 2005-03-17 Aisan Ind Co Ltd 燃料供給装置
DE10342081B4 (de) * 2003-09-10 2006-08-10 Siemens Ag Kraftstoffbehälter für ein Kraftfahrzeug
US6981491B2 (en) * 2004-01-30 2006-01-03 Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation Coupling valve structure for fuel supply module
DE102004007878A1 (de) * 2004-02-18 2005-09-15 Ti Automotive (Neuss) Gmbh Kraftstoffversorgungssystem und Verfahren zur Regelung der Kraftstoffversorgung
JP2006161763A (ja) * 2004-12-10 2006-06-22 Keihin Corp インラインポンプ式燃料噴射装置における燃料流路モジュール
US20060220446A1 (en) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-05 Jensen Daniel W Check valve for high-pressure fluid reservoir
DE102005017519B4 (de) 2005-04-15 2022-07-07 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Kraftstoff-Fördereinheit
US7568471B2 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-08-04 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Diesel fuel injection priming system
JP2009144542A (ja) * 2007-12-12 2009-07-02 Aisan Ind Co Ltd 燃料供給装置
JP4980936B2 (ja) * 2008-01-10 2012-07-18 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃料タンク構造
US7753033B2 (en) * 2008-09-05 2010-07-13 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Fuel module with orifice upstream from regulator
JP4803269B2 (ja) * 2009-02-24 2011-10-26 株式会社デンソー 脈動低減装置
DE102009049799B4 (de) * 2009-10-16 2018-07-12 Kautex Textron Gmbh & Co. Kg Kraftstoffbehälter für ein KFZ
DE102010027789A1 (de) * 2010-04-15 2011-10-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem zum schnellen Druckaufbau bei erneutem Start des Verbrennungsmotors mit Stopp-Start-System
US11434931B2 (en) 2020-09-23 2022-09-06 Delphi Technologies Ip Limited Fuel system having a valve upstream of a jet pump
US11846246B2 (en) * 2021-05-27 2023-12-19 Thermo King Llc Methods and systems for controlling engine inlet pressure via a fuel delivery system of a transport climate control system

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US5195494A (en) * 1992-02-27 1993-03-23 Walbro Corporation Fuel delivery system with outlet pressure regulation
DE4224981A1 (de) * 1992-07-29 1994-02-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einrichtung zum Fördern von Kraftstoff aus einem Vorratstank zur Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges
DE4402224A1 (de) * 1994-01-26 1995-07-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zum Versorgen einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Kraftstoff aus einem Vorratsbehälter
EP0678664A2 (fr) * 1994-04-22 1995-10-25 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'alimentation en carburant et régulateur de pression

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DE4224981A1 (de) * 1992-07-29 1994-02-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Einrichtung zum Fördern von Kraftstoff aus einem Vorratstank zur Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges
DE4402224A1 (de) * 1994-01-26 1995-07-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zum Versorgen einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Kraftstoff aus einem Vorratsbehälter
EP0678664A2 (fr) * 1994-04-22 1995-10-25 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'alimentation en carburant et régulateur de pression

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0939218A3 (fr) * 1998-02-25 2000-05-31 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'alimentation en carburant
EP0997633A1 (fr) * 1998-10-28 2000-05-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Système d'alimentation en carburant
WO2008091595A1 (fr) * 2007-01-24 2008-07-31 Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. Système de dérivation de gicleur de carburant à basse pression pour une pompe à carburant
US7588017B2 (en) 2007-01-24 2009-09-15 Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. Low pressure jet by-pass system for fuel pump
WO2014057093A1 (fr) * 2012-10-13 2014-04-17 Volkswagen Ag Système d'alimentation en carburant
CN104838128A (zh) * 2012-10-13 2015-08-12 大众汽车有限公司 燃料供应装置
CN104838128B (zh) * 2012-10-13 2017-09-12 大众汽车有限公司 燃料供应装置
WO2016078849A1 (fr) * 2014-11-21 2016-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif de commande de pression, notamment pour pompe à haute pression refoulant un fluide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5749345A (en) 1998-05-12
DE59606086D1 (de) 2000-12-07
ES2152462T3 (es) 2001-02-01
DE19540892A1 (de) 1997-05-07
EP0771946B1 (fr) 2000-11-02

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