EP0760930A1 - Vakuumtrockner für schnitthölzer und verfahren zum trocknen von holz - Google Patents
Vakuumtrockner für schnitthölzer und verfahren zum trocknen von holzInfo
- Publication number
- EP0760930A1 EP0760930A1 EP95920815A EP95920815A EP0760930A1 EP 0760930 A1 EP0760930 A1 EP 0760930A1 EP 95920815 A EP95920815 A EP 95920815A EP 95920815 A EP95920815 A EP 95920815A EP 0760930 A1 EP0760930 A1 EP 0760930A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- wood
- cell
- vacuum dryer
- dryer according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B7/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups F26B3/00 and F26B5/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/006—Removable covering devices, e.g. pliable or flexible
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vacuum dryer for sawn timber according to the preamble of claim 1, and a method for drying wood, in particular using the vacuum dryer for sawn timber.
- a vacuum dryer is known in which wood to be dried is stacked on top of one another in a cell, heating elements being arranged between the individual wood layers.
- the cell comprises two mutually opposite walls, one of which can be moved towards the other by the atmospheric pressure acting from the outside when the cell is evacuated, in such a way that it presses the wood firmly against this fixed wall opposite the movable wall.
- such a vacuum dryer By evacuating the cell, such a vacuum dryer enables both a faster transport of the water in the wood to be dried from the wood (moisture transport) and a lowering of the boiling point of the water, which has the consequence that the water boils at a lower temperature than under atmospheric pressure. This also prevents the wood from becoming discolored during drying.
- the heating elements serve for optimal heat transfer to the dry material. It has been shown that the contact transfer is the best heat transfer. This heat transfer is further improved if pressure is applied to the dry material. Another advantage of applying pressure to the dry material is that the wood does not warp when it dries.
- a disadvantage of the known vacuum dryer is that the same pressure, which is determined by the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the pressure prevailing in the cell, always acts on the wood to be dried, in other words the pressure cannot be varied. It is inevitable that the shrinkage associated with the drying of the wood will lead to cracking in the wood if the pressure exerted on the wood is too high. This is due to the fact that the friction between the wood and the heating elements increases with the wood clamped under pressure and the shrinkage of the wood is made more difficult. Such cracking could be avoided with less pressure. To reduce the pressure prevailing in the cell, however, the vacuum in the known device would have to be reduced in the known device, which in turn would have negative consequences for the drying process of the wood.
- the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned and to provide a vacuum dryer and a method for drying wood, so that on the one hand the setting of an optimal vacuum in the Inside the cell and on the other hand an adjustment of the pressure that is placed on the wood, depending on the wood and its data, is made possible.
- the cell is sealed pressure-tight on all sides with respect to the environment enables an optimal vacuum for drying the wood to be set within the cell.
- a pressure which can be set as a function of the wood to be dried and its data can be exerted by arranging an expandable sack covering the dry material on one side of the cell, which can be acted upon by the adjustable pressure is.
- an optimal evacuation of the cell is made possible, on the other hand, the pressure on the wood to be dried can be adjusted.
- a differential pressure means is preferably used for its setting, which enables the setting of a differential pressure with a value which varies between that of the atmospheric pressure and that of the negative pressure prevailing within the cell.
- a pressure can be set that is greater than atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure is applied in a pulsed manner.
- a high pressure is exerted on the wood, which enables high heat transfer.
- the pressure is then removed or reduced so that the shrinkage of the wood can take place while avoiding the formation of cracks which are increased by pressure on the wood. This process is then repeated.
- the wall of the cell opposite the sack is preferably movable. In this way, the vacuum dryer can easily be adjusted to different thicknesses of the dry goods, i.e. of the wood to be dried.
- the sack can cover the dry material over a large area both on its upper side and on its lower side. If he covers the dry material on its underside, it is advantageously not necessary to compensate for different heights of the dry material, since the sack presses the entire stack of stacked wood in the direction of the opposite wall and thus compensates for any height difference. In this case, it is not necessary to move the wall opposite the sack.
- the heating elements arranged between the individual layers of wood are preferably plate-shaped hollow aluminum bodies through which a heating medium (for example water, oil, air, steam or the like) can flow.
- a heating temperature can be set precisely and easily by regulating the temperature of the heating medium, which on the one hand enables the greatest possible energy transfer to the wood, but on the other hand is so low that no cracks form in the wood.
- heating elements can also be provided in the plates.
- a sealable door is provided on one side of the cell, through which the dry goods can be brought into the cell.
- Claim 15 also conveys a method according to the invention for drying wood, in particular using the vacuum dryer according to claim 1.
- This method of drying wood enables a quick and effective drying of different types of wood, advantageously by layering wood in a cell of the vacuum dryer which is sealed off from the environment, heating elements being arranged between the individual layers of wood, and by means of an expandable sack covering the dried on one side of a large area, exerts on the stacked wood 'an adjustable pressure. It is advantageous that this adjustable pressure can be varied and can thus be adjusted to the type of wood, the thickness of the wood and its specific dry data. The pressure can assume a value that varies between that of the negative pressure prevailing in the cell and one that is greater than atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a side view of a vacuum dryer for sawn timber
- Fig. 2 is a plan view of a vacuum dryer for sawn timber
- Fig. 3 is a front view of a vacuum dryer for sawn timber.
- a vacuum dryer 1 for sawn timber comprises a cell 2 which is sealed off from all sides in a pressure-tight manner with respect to the surroundings and which consists, for example, of metal.
- a dry material 3 for example wooden beams to be dried (see FIGS. 1 and 3), is introduced into this cell 2 and stacked one above the other in layers, heating elements 8 being arranged between the wooden layers.
- the drying material 3 is introduced via one on the side of the vacuum dryer arranged door 4, which can be closed pressure-tight after the wood is introduced.
- the entire stack of the dry material 3 can be pushed into the interior of the cell 2, for example on a mobile carriage 6 (see FIGS. 1 and 3).
- the door 4 can also be arranged on the top of the cell 2, so that the dry material 3 can be inclined directly into the cell 2 from above and in this case the carriage 6 can be dispensed with.
- An expandable sack 7 is arranged inside the cell 2 on the upper side of the drying material 3 and covers the drying material 3 over a large area on the upper side thereof.
- the sack 7 advantageously extends over the entire surface of the upper side of the dry material 3.
- the wall of the cell 2 opposite the sack 7 can be designed to be movable in a manner known per se, i.e. to be displaceable in the direction of the sack 7 (not shown). In this case, the dry material 3 is shifted in the direction of the sack 7 until it is at an optimal distance from it with regard to the application of pressure.
- the sack 7 covers the dry material 3 over a large area on its underside and thus presses against the wall opposite it when it is expanded. This has the advantage over the embodiments shown in the figures that different stack heights are not compensated for by moving the wall in the manner described above the wall must be balanced in the manner described above.
- the sack 7 can already be provided on the carriage 6, for example.
- the cell 2 is evacuated via a vacuum pump, not shown, so that there is an optimal negative pressure in the cell 2.
- This suppression has a value of approximately 100-200 mbar, so that an 80-90% vacuum is present within cell 2.
- the sack 7 can be subjected to a continuously adjustable pressure, the pressure being set via a differential pressure medium, not shown, which enables a differential pressure with a value which can vary between that of the atmospheric pressure and that of the pressure prevailing in the cell.
- the bag 7 When the bag 7 is pressurized, it expands equally in all directions, exerting pressure on the dry material 3 in the direction of the arrows A.
- the sack 7 covers the drying material 3 over a large area, so that the pressure on the drying material 3 is exerted uniformly over the entire surface of one side of the drying material 3. This avoids a punctiform pressure at one point of the dry material 3 and a As a result, warping of the wood to be dried is almost impossible.
- the pressure can also be exerted in a pulsed manner in that a high pressure, which enables good heat transfer, is repeatedly followed by an interval in which there is no pressure or a significantly reduced pressure. In this depressurized interval, the wood can shrink practically without the risk of cracking.
- the heating elements 8 are arranged within the cell 2, as can be seen in particular from FIGS. 1 and 3, at regular intervals between the individual layers of the dry material 3.
- These heating elements 8 are plate-shaped aluminum hollow bodies which are connected to pipes (not shown) on a respective opposite side of the dry material 3. Water with an adjustable temperature flows through these tubes and the cavity of the heating elements 8.
- the heating elements 8 between the individual layers of wood 3 are used for heating each individual layer of wood 3.
- water, oil, air or the like can also be used. can be used as heating medium. It is also possible that 8 heating elements are arranged in the heating elements.
- the vacuum dryer for sawn timber is now used to dry wood in the following ways:
- the wood to be dried, the dry material 3 is layered on top of one another in the interior of a cell 2 of the vacuum dryer 1 which can be closed in a pressure-tight manner with respect to the surroundings, heating elements 8 being arranged between the individual wood layers. Then the Cell evacuated. An adjustable pressure is then exerted on the dry material 3 by means of an expandable sack 7, which covers the dry material 3 over a large area on one side, while supplying thermal energy to the wood via the heating elements.
- the pressure is set using a differential pressure medium. It can vary between the negative pressure prevailing in the cell and the atmospheric pressure. It can also be greater than atmospheric pressure if this is necessary for a specific type of wood.
- the pressure is adjusted by first drying a certain type of wood and experimentally determining during this drying process how high the pressure exerted on the wood may be until cracks appear in the wood, which on the one hand are caused by the shrinkage associated with drying of the wood, but on the other hand caused by the pressure exerted on the wood.
- the pressure determined in this way can be determined for any wood type and wood thickness, it represents a maximum pressure at which the wood can be dried in an optimal manner without crack formation and can be set again and again for future drying processes, for example by a computer control (not shown) ).
- the temperature of the heating element is set to a value which, on the one hand, enables the greatest possible energy transfer to the wood, but on the other hand is so low that no cracks form in the wood.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI9530156T SI0760930T1 (en) | 1994-05-28 | 1995-05-16 | Vacuum drier for sawn timber, and wood-drying method |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4418695A DE4418695C1 (de) | 1994-05-28 | 1994-05-28 | Vakuumtrockner für Schnitthölzer und Verfahren zum Trocknen von Holz |
DE4418695 | 1994-05-28 | ||
PCT/EP1995/001853 WO1995033170A1 (de) | 1994-05-28 | 1995-05-16 | Vakuumtrockner für schnitthölzer und verfahren zum trocknen von holz |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0760930A1 true EP0760930A1 (de) | 1997-03-12 |
EP0760930B1 EP0760930B1 (de) | 1998-07-29 |
Family
ID=6519220
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95920815A Expired - Lifetime EP0760930B1 (de) | 1994-05-28 | 1995-05-16 | Vakuumtrockner für schnitthölzer und verfahren zum trocknen von holz |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0760930B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE169104T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4418695C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995033170A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1015161C2 (nl) | 2000-05-11 | 2001-11-13 | Npc Ind B V I O | Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van duurzame producten. |
AU2002234279A1 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-06-18 | Precious Woods Cc | Lumber drying kiln |
WO2009001173A1 (fr) * | 2007-06-28 | 2008-12-31 | Prodeo S.A. | Procede de traitement du bois et dispositif correspondant |
DE102009047137A1 (de) | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-26 | Institut Für Holztechnologie Dresden Gemeinnützige Gmbh | Verfahren zur thermischen Modifizierung oder Vergütung von Holz und Holzprodukten |
EP2641712A1 (de) | 2012-03-20 | 2013-09-25 | Timura Holzmanufaktur GmbH | Holzveredelungsverfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
CN110411169A (zh) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-11-05 | 东莞市大成智能装备有限公司 | 一种快速预热干燥电池的方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2803889A (en) * | 1953-11-20 | 1957-08-27 | Secotan Inc | Sheet drying apparatus |
US3316655A (en) * | 1963-04-16 | 1967-05-02 | Bocciardo Paolo | Apparatus for drying tanned skins under vacuum |
AR204636A1 (es) * | 1973-09-17 | 1976-02-20 | Koppelman Edward | Procedimiento y un aparato para secar madera |
FR2351367A1 (fr) * | 1976-05-11 | 1977-12-09 | Dolouets Robert | Procede de sechage notamment de bois et sechoir pour sa mise en oeuvre |
US4233752A (en) * | 1979-04-06 | 1980-11-18 | Kleinguenther Robert A | Apparatus and process for treating wood and fibrous materials |
US4343095A (en) * | 1981-03-24 | 1982-08-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Pressure dryer for steam seasoning lumber |
DD226922A1 (de) * | 1984-08-08 | 1985-09-04 | Textima Veb K | Verfahren zum entwaessern von nassem gut sowie vorrichtung hierfuer |
CH665271A5 (en) * | 1984-09-19 | 1988-04-29 | Johann Ludwig Gruber | Vegetable material vacuum-drying equipment - has heating condensing heat-exchangers connected via heat-pump |
IT1180094B (it) * | 1984-10-15 | 1987-09-23 | Vincenzo Pagnozzi | Essicatoio a vuoto per legnami segati |
-
1994
- 1994-05-28 DE DE4418695A patent/DE4418695C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-05-16 WO PCT/EP1995/001853 patent/WO1995033170A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-05-16 EP EP95920815A patent/EP0760930B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-16 DE DE59503002T patent/DE59503002D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-16 AT AT95920815T patent/ATE169104T1/de active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9533170A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59503002D1 (de) | 1998-09-03 |
ATE169104T1 (de) | 1998-08-15 |
DE4418695C1 (de) | 1995-07-13 |
WO1995033170A1 (de) | 1995-12-07 |
EP0760930B1 (de) | 1998-07-29 |
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