EP0718553B1 - Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfällen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfällen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0718553B1
EP0718553B1 EP95810746A EP95810746A EP0718553B1 EP 0718553 B1 EP0718553 B1 EP 0718553B1 EP 95810746 A EP95810746 A EP 95810746A EP 95810746 A EP95810746 A EP 95810746A EP 0718553 B1 EP0718553 B1 EP 0718553B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
incineration
waste materials
calorific value
metering shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95810746A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0718553A1 (de
Inventor
Peter Dübendorfer
John Millard
Martin Zweifel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Martin GmbH fuer Umwelt und Energietechnik
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0718553A1 publication Critical patent/EP0718553A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0718553B1 publication Critical patent/EP0718553B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/112—Arrangement of sensing devices for waste supply flowrate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55007—Sensors arranged in waste loading zone, e.g. feed hopper level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55011—Detecting the properties of waste to be incinerated, e.g. heating value, density

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the combustion of Waste through an allotment shaft and a feed pusher are transported to a grate for burning air is supplied to maintain combustion.
  • the invention further relates to a device for Performing this procedure.
  • the invention is based on a prior art, such as it results, for example, from EP-A-0 317 731.
  • Waste is seen as fuel in its composition very inhomogeneous. Their properties such as calorific value, ignitability and burn rate fluctuate in a very wide range. Waste comes to incineration, for example from organic residual waste, industrial waste, wood, stones, plastics, Glass, ceramics, paper and cardboard are made. The trash should be used in such a combination for combustion provided that always a certain amount of combustible Ingredients is included. The intended for combustion There are different sizes of waste. In addition they have different proportions of water, which at the combustion must be taken into account. In contrast to are the compositions and the chemical-physical properties known from fuels such as coal, gas and oil. in the In contrast to the waste mentioned above, it is no problem possible an incinerator for these fuels to optimize.
  • Incineration plants for waste have so far mostly been low Degree of automation driven.
  • Most of the previously known Facilities of this type are provided with a control room is looked after by at least one surgeon.
  • the operator is responsible the task of managing the combustion in each case Adjust fuel. He is on his personal observation the combustion process.
  • Most of them Incinerators is at least one video camera provided, which is arranged above the combustion chamber. Corrective Interventions in the combustion process can, however only be carried out retrospectively, i.e. then when there is a change the composition of the waste to be incinerated has noticed a change in the quality of combustion. Then it is usually already for corrective interventions too late. Such a combustion process is becoming more and more or fluctuate less strongly around its optimal operating point.
  • EP-A-0 317 731 proposes to observe the area of the waste application on the combustion grate with optical radiation receivers which are preceded by optical filters which selectively detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by H 2 O or CO 2 molecules.
  • the indicator for the water content of the waste obtained in this way is fed to the control device as a disturbance variable for controlling the combustion.
  • a signal is obtained which provides information about the water content of the waste before the waste is incinerated, so that the combustion parameters can be adapted directly to the incinerating waste.
  • a disadvantage of this method is that the time from the drop in the waste in the drop zone to the incineration on the grate is too short for changes in the combustion parameters to have a positive effect.
  • the dead times in this process are in the order of 30 to 60 minutes.
  • the transport time from the waste disposal area to the main incineration zone is in the range of 10 minutes.
  • the water content of the waste is determined only by the water evaporating on the surface. The water contained and bound inside the waste is not recorded and can therefore not be taken into account when controlling the combustion.
  • EP-A-0 352 620 describes a method in which the grate on which the waste is incinerated with With the help of a video camera is observed.
  • the video image received is processed automatically using a computer.
  • the signals obtained from this turn into information about the course of combustion, such as the temperature distribution and derived the location of the main fire zone and then fed to the process control system as a control variable.
  • a predictive driving style is the Waste incineration is not possible because only the surface temperature on the grate is detected. Embers or smoldering nests under the surface of the garbage to be incinerated, which is the incineration process influence, are disregarded.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a method to demonstrate that a predictive driving style of combustion of waste of all kinds, so that already before the incineration of the pending waste is known which parameters the furnace is to be set.
  • the invention is also the object of one with this method demonstrate operable waste incineration facility.
  • this object is achieved according to the invention solved in that the calorific value or at least a parameter that determines the calorific value for combustion upcoming waste (1) is already determined in the allocation shaft (2) and the measurement values determined from this in a process control unit (18) are saved, which are dependent on the size of the calorific value during combustion of waste (1) the amount of air to be fed to the grate and / or controls the amount of waste to be fed to the grate.
  • a corresponding facility for the incineration of waste is the subject of claim 11.
  • the calorific value of the waste to be incinerated or one their determining calorific value determines a certain size Time before the combustion in the allocation shaft recorded and calculated.
  • microwave signals sent out. Due to the water content of the waste signal weaknesses and / or phase changes these microwave signals. These are used to determine of the water content in the waste was evaluated. The information signals determined from this are the Process control unit fed.
  • the device for incinerating waste according to the invention is equipped with an allocation shaft, which is a feed slide is connected downstream. With it becomes the one to be burned Amount of waste on a designated Rust promotes air to maintain the combustion is fed. Inside the allocation shaft is at least a device for recording the calorific value of the waste is installed, connected to at least one evaluation unit are. The signal outputs of the evaluation units are on one Process control unit is connected. This is for the Control of the air supply to the grate or to control the feed slide intended.
  • the device for incinerating waste shown in Fig.1 1 of all types includes an upright allocation shaft 2 with rectangular cross-section, a feed slide 3 at its lower end for dosing and conveying the waste 1 on a grate attached to it 4.
  • Design section 5 of the allocation shaft 2 is a general one measuring device designated by reference numeral 6 for Determination of the calorific value of the waste there 1 intended.
  • the dimensioning section is designed in such a way that the time between passing waste 1 and task on the grate is typically 20 to 30 minutes.
  • this determines their calorific value - is in the design section 5 of the allocation shaft 2, a microwave measuring arrangement 6 provided.
  • this comprises the Dimensioning section 5 of the allocation shaft 2 in an enlarged view View shows two spatially distant measuring points with combined microwave transmitter / receiver modules 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6a ', 6b', 6c ', 6d'.
  • the two measuring points is each assigned an evaluation unit (8,8 '), whose output signals are fed to the process control unit 9.
  • Two microwave transmitter / receiver modules 6a and 6b or 6c and 6d are on a straight line perpendicular to the conveying direction the allocation shaft 2 arranged opposite each other are.
  • the microwave transmission / reception modules belonging to the level ⁇ are in the same way 6a ', 6b', 6c ', 6d' arranged.
  • the microwave arrangements can consist of separate transmitters Receiving modules exist, which are located on the walls of the allocation shaft opposite. But it can also be combined Transmit / receive modules. In the first case it will Transmittance of waste recorded using microwaves. In the second case the reflectivity of the waste determined. A third option is in the design section 5 standing microwaves to generate and amplitudes and / or to detect phase changes in the microwaves, which in turn draw conclusions about the water content or the Allow calorific value of waste.
  • the amount of waste 1 that is incinerated on the grate 4 is loaded corresponds to the amount of waste entering the design section 5 of the allocation shaft 2 can be filled can. From signal weakening and / or phase changes the microwave signals can be analyzed using the evaluation unit 8 the water content and thus within certain error limits the calorific value of the transported in the design section 5 Waste 1 can be determined. The measurement in two separate Levels a and ⁇ prevent misinterpretations, e.g. if a larger piece of metal M is carried in the waste.
  • the evaluation unit 8 sends a signal with the information to the process control unit via the water content or calorific value 9 forwarded.
  • An air flap 10 is also provided by the process control unit 9 controlled in a pipe 11 below the grate 4th is arranged. This opens into channels 12 on the underside the grate 4, from where the grate 4 is for optimal combustion required amount of air is supplied.
  • Fig.3 and Fig.3a An alternative way to determine the calorific value of the waste is shown schematically in Fig.3 and Fig.3a.
  • the Design section are on or in two opposite Walls of the top surface electrodes 13 and 14 are arranged. This are from the wall of the feed shaft, which is regularly made of metal 2 electrically isolated by means of insulators 15. How 3a can be seen, there is the insulator 15 T-shaped cross-section, with the inward-facing Leg has the same length as the wall thickness of the feed shaft and electrodes 13 and 14. In this way the garbage does not slide through the isolator nor the electrode is obstructed. It is attached from the outside. au
  • a combined feed and current measuring device 16 is a current - supplied by a constant voltage source - passed through waste 1 in assessment section 5.
  • the size of the flowing current I is a measure of volume conductivity of waste and this in turn is a measure of the water content and thus the calorific value of the waste.
  • Analogous to the microwave measurement method described above can also do two with regard to the flow direction of the waste electrode arrangements spaced apart from one another are provided to avoid incorrect measurements e.g. as a result of being carried in the waste to avoid larger pieces of metal.
  • the density of waste 1 is determined using separate methods. This can e.g. by making the weight of the Waste column in the feed chute above that of the feed pusher 3 by means of load cells 17, which are in the supporting structure of the Feed slide are integrated, is measured. This information is also stored in the process control unit and taken into account when controlling the combustion. By Comparison of the weight of these waste columns to different ones Times can be combined in e.g. with the water content make a statement about the waste quality or the calorific value. Furthermore, the flow rate of the waste in the supply shaft can also 2 e.g. with a measuring wheel 18 that with a tachometer generator is coupled, determined and also via an associated evaluation unit 19 of the process control unit 9 are supplied.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
EP95810746A 1994-12-22 1995-11-29 Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfällen Expired - Lifetime EP0718553B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4445954A DE4445954A1 (de) 1994-12-22 1994-12-22 Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfällen
DE4445954 1994-12-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0718553A1 EP0718553A1 (de) 1996-06-26
EP0718553B1 true EP0718553B1 (de) 1999-09-29

Family

ID=6536698

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95810746A Expired - Lifetime EP0718553B1 (de) 1994-12-22 1995-11-29 Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Abfällen

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0718553B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH08219428A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
KR (1) KR100416114B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE185187T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE4445954A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK0718553T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2139873T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO305338B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
TW (1) TW301699B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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DE19919222C1 (de) * 1999-04-28 2001-01-11 Orfeus Comb Engineering Gmbh Verfahren zum Steuern der Verbrennung von Brennstoff mit variablem Heizwert
NL1014515C2 (nl) * 1999-06-04 2000-12-06 Tno Systeem voor continue thermische verbranding van materie zoals afval.
EP1259760A1 (en) * 2000-02-28 2002-11-27 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO System for continuous thermal combustion of matter, such as waste matter
US6499412B2 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-12-31 Rohm And Haas Company Method of firebox temperature control for achieving carbon monoxide emission compliance in industrial furnaces with minimal energy consumption
KR100434650B1 (ko) * 2000-12-22 2004-06-07 현대중공업 주식회사 화격자식 쓰레기 소각설비의 연소제어 방법
MXPA04002694A (es) * 2001-09-25 2004-06-18 Hoffmann La Roche Proceso enzimatico para preparacion del acido 2-amino-3-(2-amino-fenilsulfanil)-propionico sustituido.
DE10327471B3 (de) * 2003-06-18 2005-04-07 Sar Elektronic Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Feuerleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen
DE10330376B4 (de) * 2003-07-04 2007-09-13 Pfister Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen, gravimetrischen Dosierung von fließfähigen Gütern für Feuerungsanlagen
EP1655540B1 (de) * 2004-11-02 2011-04-06 AE&E Inova AG Mülldurchsatz-Begrenzungsregelung
DE102010031528B4 (de) * 2010-07-19 2013-04-25 Klaus Seeger System zur Bestimmung eines Energiegehalts eines festen Brennstoffs und Verwendung des Systems
IT1402556B1 (it) * 2010-11-08 2013-09-13 Amsa S P A Societa Per Azioni Con Socio Unico Sistema di controllo del carico e della combustione, per impianti di combustione dei rifiuti.
EP2543997B1 (en) 2011-07-07 2014-08-13 Mantex AB Method and apparatus for the estimation of the heat value
WO2013107509A1 (de) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-25 Heinrich Unland System zur bestimmung eines energiegehalts eines brennstoffs
CA2924956C (en) 2013-10-11 2020-12-15 Mantex Ab Method and apparatus for estimation of heat value using dual energy x-ray transmission measurements and x-ray fluorescence measurements
KR101436067B1 (ko) * 2014-04-08 2014-09-12 (주)씨엠환경에너지 배출가스를 이용한 연소제어 기술이 내재된 소각로
JP6685506B2 (ja) * 2016-03-30 2020-04-22 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物焼却炉
JP6624451B2 (ja) * 2016-03-30 2019-12-25 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物処理炉装置
DE102017120222B3 (de) 2017-09-01 2018-11-29 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren und System zur Prognose einer Brennstoffzusammensetzung bei der thermischen Verwertung von Abfall
JP2019178847A (ja) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-17 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物水分率測定装置、火格子式廃棄物焼却炉、廃棄物水分率測定方法及び廃棄物焼却方法
JP2019178845A (ja) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-17 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物水分率測定装置、火格子式廃棄物焼却炉、廃棄物水分率測定方法及び廃棄物焼却方法
JP2019178846A (ja) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-17 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物水分率測定装置、火格子式廃棄物焼却炉、廃棄物水分率測定方法及び廃棄物焼却方法
JP2019178844A (ja) * 2018-03-30 2019-10-17 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 廃棄物水分率測定装置、火格子式廃棄物焼却炉、廃棄物水分率測定方法及び廃棄物焼却方法
WO2021033636A1 (ja) * 2019-08-20 2021-02-25 日本たばこ産業株式会社 円筒状加熱型喫煙物品の製造方法及び製造装置
JP7568480B2 (ja) * 2020-11-04 2024-10-16 株式会社タクマ ごみ焼却施設
JP6998485B1 (ja) * 2021-06-29 2022-01-18 三菱重工環境・化学エンジニアリング株式会社 焼却炉設備の制御装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0718553T3 (da) 2000-04-10
ATE185187T1 (de) 1999-10-15
KR100416114B1 (ko) 2004-04-21
ES2139873T3 (es) 2000-02-16
KR960024010A (ko) 1996-07-20
NO955178L (no) 1996-06-24
NO955178D0 (no) 1995-12-20
NO305338B1 (no) 1999-05-10
JPH08219428A (ja) 1996-08-30
DE4445954A1 (de) 1996-06-27
DE59506948D1 (de) 1999-11-04
TW301699B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1997-04-01
EP0718553A1 (de) 1996-06-26

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