EP0693150B1 - Robinet d'eau pour sanitaires - Google Patents

Robinet d'eau pour sanitaires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0693150B1
EP0693150B1 EP94911078A EP94911078A EP0693150B1 EP 0693150 B1 EP0693150 B1 EP 0693150B1 EP 94911078 A EP94911078 A EP 94911078A EP 94911078 A EP94911078 A EP 94911078A EP 0693150 B1 EP0693150 B1 EP 0693150B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
cartridge
valve according
lead
water valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP94911078A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0693150A1 (fr
Inventor
David Jay Meisner
Thomas George Hart
Wilhelm Koch
Heinrich Georg MÖNCH
Jürgen SPONHEIMER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ideal Standard GmbH
Original Assignee
Ideal Standard GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25924892&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0693150(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE4312103A external-priority patent/DE4312103A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19934313439 external-priority patent/DE4313439A1/de
Application filed by Ideal Standard GmbH filed Critical Ideal Standard GmbH
Publication of EP0693150A1 publication Critical patent/EP0693150A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0693150B1 publication Critical patent/EP0693150B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
    • E03C1/04—Water-basin installations specially adapted to wash-basins or baths
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
    • E03C1/10—Devices for preventing contamination of drinking-water pipes, e.g. means for aerating self-closing flushing valves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C2201/00—Details, devices or methods not otherwise provided for
    • E03C2201/40—Arrangement of water treatment devices in domestic plumbing installations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sanitary water valve in the form of a single shut-off valve or a mixing valve with one or more actuation handles, in particular a single-lever mixer valve with water paths in the form of water inlets and at least one water outlet or water outlet, and with a fitting housing for accommodating a metal alloy comprising lead components of the control elements, which are combined in particular in a cartridge, the inlet pipes forming the water inlets being connected to the cartridge via an insert piece arranged adjacent to the cartridge.
  • mixer taps In addition to the usual brass fittings, sanitary mixer taps have already been proposed, the water-carrying parts and functional elements of which are essentially made from materials that are harmless to health.
  • These further developed mixer taps for example single-hole mixer taps, have an insert made of a brass alloy, in which the inflow pipes made of copper for the cold and warm water and optionally an outlet pipe made of copper are inserted in a pressure-tight manner. With this insert, the cartridge made of plastic and ceramic for the quantity and temperature control of the water is optionally with additional functional groups interposed, pressure-tight by anchor bolts.
  • the invention has for its object to completely eliminate the contact points between water and the components consisting of a brass alloy and to create a completely "lead-free" sanitary mixer tap.
  • the basic idea of the invention provides that the waterways are provided on the inside to avoid contact with the water that is passed through them by means of a waterproof shield consisting of a lead-free material that is harmless to health.
  • the shield consists of a coating applied to the inside of the waterways and made of a lead-free material which is harmless to health, the insert for connecting the inlet pipes additionally being made of plastic; in this case so-called open cartridges can also be used, in which the water from the cartridge itself enters the water path provided with a corresponding inner lining; Since all parts with which the water comes into contact are made of lead-free material, the water does not come into contact with fittings containing lead.
  • the shielding is designed as a separate tubular or tubular water channel inserted into the waterways and made of unhealthy, lead-free material, this water channel being opposite the assembly and functional groups consisting of a brass alloy containing lead is completely sealed.
  • the separate water channel as well as the feed pipes are connected to the cartridge via an additional hole in the insert, so that the mixed water from the cartridge enters the separate water channel directly and is led to the outlet head without touching lead-containing fittings.
  • the inserts for connecting the inlet pipes are usually made of lead Brass, and in order to avoid contact of the water with the brass containing lead in this area, an embodiment of the invention provides, between the cartridge and the insert piece made of lead-containing brass, a disk made of a material which is harmless to health, for connecting the inlet pipes and the separate water duct, including the inclusion to arrange of associated sealing elements and to clamp them pressure-tight; this ensures that both the inlet pipes and the separate water channel are passed through the insert piece made of lead-containing brass and only open into the cartridge via the interposed disc, additional sealing elements being arranged between the disc and the insert, which ensure a backflow of the water prevent from the cartridge over the disc to the insert.
  • the interposed disc is made of a corrosion-resistant steel, so that it is able to absorb the forces that occur when the functional modules are braced.
  • the sealing elements arranged in the area of the connections of the insert, in which the supply pipes for the cold and warm water and the separate water channel are inserted, for example by brazing, are preferably inserted into recesses in the insert and lie after the cartridge has been braced with the insert the pipes inserted around the walls of the recesses in a liquid-tight manner.
  • the outlet head is plugged onto the separate water channel by means of a cylindrical sealing element and passed through an opening in the fitting housing, the sealing element having two outer annular shoulders, between which the receiving section of the outlet head is received and secured in position.
  • the outlet head has a cylindrical extension of its receiving section on the inlet side with an inwardly directed locking pin which engages in a corresponding opening in the valve body.
  • the pressure-tight connection between the outlet head and the outlet-side end of the separate water channel is in turn ensured by a cylindrical sealing element which has an outer annular shoulder which lies radially in a receiving bore of the outlet head and is provided with a further inner annular shoulder which has its inner section strikes on the end face of the separate water channel or an inserted intermediate piece and with its outer end face on a shoulder in the receiving bore of the discharge head.
  • the cylindrical sealing element inserted into the outlet opening of the plastic housing of the liquid distributor again has an outer annular shoulder which rests on the end face and / or in a recess in the outlet opening and an inner annular shoulder which limits the depth of insertion of the outlet pipe into the plastic housing.
  • the design proposed according to the invention for sanitary water valves uses on the one hand the advantageous properties of brass alloys for certain functional assemblies, such as their relatively high strength and their good properties for processing and processing, and ensures using relatively simple means, that any contact of the water with these functional modules is excluded. Since all water-bearing or water-contacting components and functional groups are made of materials that are harmless to health or are provided with a suitable lining, a sanitary water valve is created in this way, in which the possibility of absorption of heavy metal alloy components by the water is completely excluded .
  • the single-hole mixer tap 1 has a self-contained fitting housing 2 made of a lead-containing brass alloy, into which an insert 8 which is pressure-tightly connected to the cartridge 5 is inserted and is screwed to the housing 2 by a screw 55.
  • an outlet head 51 made of a material which is harmless to health is attached, and the water path 52 between the outlet head 51 and the insert 8 is lined with a waterproof coating 53 made of a lead-free material which is harmless to health.
  • the coating 53 can be applied, for example, in an immersion process.
  • the supply lines 11 for the cold and warm water are inserted pressure-tight, additional sealing elements 7 being provided in the area of the connection points of these lines.
  • the water is passed through the plastic insert 8 into the cartridge 5 and from here also via the insert 8 into the water path 52, in which it flows to the outlet head 51; since the inside of the spout belonging to the fitting housing 2 is provided with a coating 53 made of a suitable material, the water does not come into contact with lead-containing alloy parts at any point.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the invention in which, in order to avoid contact between the water and alloy parts consisting of lead-containing brass, a separate water channel 10 made of a material which is harmless to health is arranged between the cartridge 5 and the outlet head 9.
  • the inlet pipes 11 for the cold and warm water and the separate water channel 10, which consist, for example, of copper, are first inserted pressure-tight into the insert 8, which in this case consists of a brass alloy, by brazing.
  • an outlet head 9 is attached to the outlet-side end of the separate water channel 10 using a cylindrical sealing element 14 and is passed through an opening 47 in the fitting housing.
  • this part of the valve housing 2 is designed as a cover 49, which, for example, is chrome-plated like the valve housing 2 and is connected to the valve housing 2 by a screw 50.
  • the sealing element 14 has two outer annular shoulders 12, 13, between which the inlet-side receptacle 45 of the outlet head 9 is arranged pressure-tight and secured in position.
  • the sealing element 14 is also provided with an inlet slope 15, which facilitates the plugging of the sealing element 14 together with the outlet head 9 onto the separate water channel 10.
  • the discharge head 9 is also made of a material which is harmless to health, preferably of plastic.
  • FIG. 4 shows a single-hole mixer tap 1, which is provided with a liquid distributor 20, by means of which a switchover of the water outlet between the outlet head designated in this case with 18 belonging to the mixer tap 1 and a separate outlet device, for example in the form of a hand shower to be arranged in addition to the mixer tap 1, which is connected to the cartridge 5 via a further pipeline 19, can be carried out.
  • the liquid distributor 20 is pressure-tight in a plastic housing 17, which is provided with an outlet opening 23, and with the interposition of in this case, two disks 6 made of a corrosion-resistant steel alloy are arranged between the insert piece 8, which in this case also consists of a brass alloy, and the cartridge 5 and braced together with these assemblies by tie rods 48 in a known manner.
  • the inlet pipes 11 as well as the further pipe 19 leading to the separate outlet device for the mixed water are in turn inserted into the insert 8, sealing elements 7 according to the invention being used in the area of the connection points to the disk 6, which are clamped together with the aforementioned assemblies and are liquid-tight Ensure connection between the water-carrying parts and the insert.
  • the separate water channel 10 is inserted with its inlet-side end in a pressure-tight manner by means of a cylindrical sealing element 22, while on the outlet-side end of the separate water channel 10 an outlet head 18 is also attached in a pressure-tight manner with the aid of a cylindrical sealing element 27 and in a form-fitting manner with the fitting housing 2 is connected.
  • the outlet head 18 - as can be seen in detail in FIG. 5 - has an extension 24 on the inlet side, which is provided with a locking pin 25.
  • the locking pin 25 engages in an opening 26 of the fitting housing 2 and thus ensures a positionally secure fixation of the outlet head 18.
  • the cylindrical sealing element 27 for the pressure-tight connection of the outlet head 18 and separate water channel 10 has an outer annular shoulder 28 which is radial in the receiving bore 35 of the Outlet head 18 abuts and is also provided with an inner annular shoulder 29, which rests with its inner portion 21 on the end face of the separate water channel 10 or on an inserted intermediate piece 30 and with its outer end face 34 strikes a shoulder 33 of the receptacle 35 of the discharge head 18.
  • the bevel 32 on the inlet side of the sealing element 27 in turn makes it easier to place the outlet head on the separate water channel 10.
  • the sealing element 22, with which the inlet-side end of the separate water channel 10 is inserted into the outlet opening 23 of the plastic housing 17, has an analogous configuration to the sealing element 27 at the end of the outlet.
  • the outer annular shoulder 28 of the sealing element 22 lies against the end face 37 or in a recess 38 of the outlet opening 23, while the inner annular shoulder 29 limits the depth of insertion of the outlet pipe 10 into the plastic housing 17.
  • the insert 8 is inserted into a base body 44 of the fitting housing 2 together with the liquid distributor 20 arranged in the plastic housing 17 and the cartridge 5 braced with the insert 8; a corresponding representation of this is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the single-hole mixer tap 1 shown in FIG. 7 is equipped with a removable hand shower 39, which is inserted into a receptacle 40 of the fitting housing 2 and is connected to the additional water channel 10 via a flexible connecting line 41.
  • the separate water channel 10 and the inlet pipes 11 are in turn inserted pressure-tight into the insert 8 consisting of a brass alloy, additional sealing elements 7 being provided in the area of the connection points, as described above.
  • a ventilation element 43 with a valve arrangement is provided between the insert 8 and the cartridge 5.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Valve Housings (AREA)
  • Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un robinet d'eau pour sanitaires qui se présente sous forme de robinet individuel à soupape d'arrêt ou d'un mitigeur muni d'un ou de plusieurs leviers, notamment un mitigeur à un seul levier dont les conduites d'eau se présentent sous forme d'arrivée d'eau et d'au moins une sortie d'eau ou d'une évacuation d'eau. Ce robinet comprend les organes de commande qui sont réunis sous forme monobloc, notamment dans une cartouche. Les tuyaux d'arrivée qui forment les arrivées d'eau sont raccordés à la cartouche par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce intermédiaire placée à proximité de ladite cartouche. L'invention vise à empêcher tout contact entre l'eau qui circule et les éléments de la robinetterie réalisés en alliages de laiton contenant du plomb. A cet effet, il est prévu que les conduites d'eau (52) soient munies, à l'intérieur, d'un revêtement (53, 10, 6) étanche à l'eau réalisé dans un matériau sans plomb non nuisible à la santé, afin d'éviter que lesdites conduites ne se trouvent en contact avec l'eau qui les traversent.

Claims (16)

  1. Robinet à eau (1) sanitaire se présentant sous la forme d'un robinet d'arrêt individuel ou d'un mitigeur avec une ou plusieurs poignées de commande, en particulier mitigeur monocommande avec des voies d'eau (52) sous la forme d'arrivées d'eau (11) et d'au moins un départ d'eau ou d'une sortie d'eau (51), et avec un corps de robinetterie (2) à base d'un alliage de métal présentant des composants de plomb pour le logement des éléments de commande, qui sont réunis en particulier dans une cartouche (5) sous forme modulaire, les tuyaux d'entrée formant les arrivées d'eau (11) étant raccordés à la cartouche (5) par un insert (8) disposé à côté de la cartouche (5), caractérisé en ce que les voies d'eau (52) sont dotées, à l'intérieur, d'un écran (53, 10, 6) étanche à l'eau, à base d'un matériau sans plomb inoffensif pour la santé afin d'éviter un contact avec l'eau guidée dans ces voies.
  2. Robinet à eau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'écran comprend un revêtement (53) appliqué sur la face interne des voies d'eau (52) et à base d'un matériau sans plomb inoffensif pour la santé.
  3. Robinet à eau selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'insert (8) pour le branchement des tuyaux d'arrivée (11) est à base de plastique.
  4. Robinet à eau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'écran se présente sous la forme d'un canal d'eau (10) séparé, en forme de tuyau rigide ou de tuyau souple, inséré dans les voies d'eau (52), fabriqué à base de matériau sans plomb inoffensif pour la santé, et en ce que le canal d'eau (10) est rendu complètement étanche vis à vis des ensembles et groupes de fonction comprenant un alliage de laiton plombifère.
  5. Robinet à eau selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le canal d'eau (10) séparé est relié à la cartouche (5) par un perçage supplémentaire dans l'insert (8).
  6. Robinet à eau selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce qu'un disque (6) fabriqué à base d'un matériau sans plomb inoffensif pour la santé est disposé et serré de façon étanche à la pression entre la cartouche (5) et l'insert (8) à base de laiton plombifère, pour le branchement des tuyaux d'arrivée (11) et du canal d'eau (10) séparé avec inclusion d'éléments d'étanchéité (7).
  7. Robinet à eau selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le disque (6) est à base d'acier résistant à la corrosion.
  8. Robinet à eau selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'étanchéité (7) sont insérés dans des évidements (16) de l'élément de base ou de l'insert (8), enveloppant de façon étanche au liquide les tubes (10, 11) mis en place après le serrage de la cartouche de mélange (5) avec l'élément de base ou l'insert (8), et en contact avec les parois des évidements (16) de façon étanche au liquide.
  9. Robinet à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une tête de sortie (9, 18) est disposée sur l'extrémité coté sortie du canal d'eau (10) séparé et est reliée mécaniquement au corps de robinetterie (2) avec interposition d'un élément d'étanchéité (14, 27).
  10. Robinet à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément d'aération (43) équipé d'un dispositif à clapet (42) est disposé entre la cartouche (5) et l'insert (8) et est serré avec les éléments d'étanchéité (7) suptlémentaires dans l'insert (8) de façon étanche à la pression.
  11. Robinet à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce au'un répartiteur de liquide (20) inséré de façon étanche à la pression dans un boîtier plastique (17) est disposé entre la cartouche (5) et l'insert (8) avec interposition de disques d'acier (6) résistants à la corrosion et est serré avec cet insert, le canal d'eau (10) séparé étant mis en place de façon étanche à la pression dans le boîtier plastique (17) du réparateur de liquide (20) et le boîtier en plastique (17) étant disposé en même temps que la cartouche (5) et l'insert (8) dans un élément de base (44) du corps de robinetterie (2).
  12. Robinet à eau selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le canal d'eau (10) séparé est mis en place au moyen d'un élément d'étanchéité (22) dans un orifice de sortie (23) du boîtier plastique (17), l'épaulement annulaire (29) intérieur limitant la profondeur d'emboîtement du canal d'eau (10) séparé et l'épaulement annulaire (28) extérieur touchant la surface frontale (37) et/ou situé dans un évidement (38) de l'orifice de sortie (23) .
  13. Robinet à eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la tête de sortie (18) présente côté entrée un prolongement (24) de forme cylindrique avec un tenon d'arrêt (25) dirigé vers l'entrée qui s'engage dans une ouverture (26) correspondante du corps de robinetterie (2).
  14. Robinet à eau selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que, au point de jonction entre le canal d'eau (10) séparé et la tête de sortie (18), est prévu un élément d'étanchéité (27) de forme cylindrique ayant un chanfrein d'entrée (32) intérieur et doté d'un épaulement annulaire (28) extérieur, contigu radialement dans le perçage de positionnement (35) de la tête de sortie (18), et d'un autre épaulement annulaire (29) interne en butée par sa partie (21) intérieure avec la surface frontale du canal d'eau (10) séparé ou d'une pièce intermédiaire (30) introduite, et par sa surface frontale (34) extérieure avec un appendice (33) situé dans le perçage de positionnement (35) de la tête de sortie (18).
  15. Robinet à eau selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'étanchéité (14) présente entre le canal d'eau (10) et la tête de sortie (9) un chanfrein d'entrée (15) et deux épaulements annulaires (12, 13) extérieurs entre lesquels la tête de sortie (9) est disposée avec son logement (45) côté entrée de façon étanche à la pression et bloquée en position.
  16. Robinet à eau selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'étanchéité (7, 14, 22, 27) et la tête d'échappement (9, 18) sont fabriqués à base de matériaux sans plomb et inoffensifs pour la santé.
EP94911078A 1993-04-08 1994-03-24 Robinet d'eau pour sanitaires Revoked EP0693150B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4312103A DE4312103A1 (de) 1993-04-08 1993-04-08 Sanitäres Wasserventil
DE4312103 1993-04-08
DE19934313439 DE4313439A1 (de) 1993-04-23 1993-04-23 Sanitäres Wasserventil
DE4313439 1993-04-23
PCT/DE1994/000341 WO1994024379A1 (fr) 1993-04-08 1994-03-24 Robinet d'eau pour sanitaires

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0693150A1 EP0693150A1 (fr) 1996-01-24
EP0693150B1 true EP0693150B1 (fr) 1996-08-28

Family

ID=25924892

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94911078A Revoked EP0693150B1 (fr) 1993-04-08 1994-03-24 Robinet d'eau pour sanitaires

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0693150B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3094373B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100304200B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1049959C (fr)
AU (1) AU674402B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2160119A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59400560D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2093529T3 (fr)
TW (1) TW325512B (fr)
WO (1) WO1994024379A1 (fr)

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US8453669B2 (en) * 2010-07-21 2013-06-04 Masco Corporation Of Indiana Waterway adapter
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DE102011076829B4 (de) 2011-05-31 2015-07-30 Hansgrohe Se Sanitärarmatur
DE102011085346B4 (de) 2011-10-27 2014-07-31 Hansgrohe Se Sanitärarmatur
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DE102014109806B4 (de) 2014-07-13 2024-02-08 Kludi Gmbh & Co. Kg Wasserauslaufarmatur für einen Waschtisch oder eine Spüle
US10041233B2 (en) * 2015-06-23 2018-08-07 Kohler Co. Faucet valve housing assembly
CN105840853A (zh) * 2016-06-01 2016-08-10 开平市凯赛德水暖配件有限公司 一种防水陶瓷混合器
WO2018099001A1 (fr) * 2016-11-30 2018-06-07 佛山市顺德区美的饮水机制造有限公司 Robinet, purificateur d'eau et procédé de fabrication de robinet
CN108006294B (zh) * 2016-11-30 2021-05-28 佛山市顺德区美的饮水机制造有限公司 水龙头、净水机及水龙头制造方法
KR102449617B1 (ko) * 2021-03-03 2022-09-30 케이제이바스컬렉션 주식회사 친환경 수전
DE102021106083A1 (de) 2021-03-12 2022-09-15 Grohe Ag Thermostatmischarmatur und Verfahren zur deren Herstellung
KR102450892B1 (ko) * 2021-03-17 2022-10-06 케이제이바스컬렉션 주식회사 조립식 수전

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DE8712865U1 (de) * 1987-09-24 1987-11-19 Bäucke, Bernhard, 2000 Hamburg Vorrichtung zur Versorgung mit Wasser und Seife
US4979539A (en) * 1989-02-23 1990-12-25 Rohr Hans Josef Sanitary mixing valve
DE4100801C2 (de) * 1991-01-12 2001-11-08 Grohe Armaturen Friedrich Wasserzapfarmatur

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000068521A1 (fr) * 1999-05-11 2000-11-16 Copama S.A. Dispositif de distribution d'eau chaude et/ou froide

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ES2093529T3 (es) 1996-12-16
EP0693150A1 (fr) 1996-01-24
AU6373994A (en) 1994-11-08
KR960702034A (ko) 1996-03-28
WO1994024379A1 (fr) 1994-10-27
CN1049959C (zh) 2000-03-01
TW325512B (en) 1998-01-21
JP3094373B2 (ja) 2000-10-03
CA2160119A1 (fr) 1994-10-27
CN1099853A (zh) 1995-03-08
AU674402B2 (en) 1996-12-19
JPH08510301A (ja) 1996-10-29
DE59400560D1 (de) 1996-10-02
KR100304200B1 (ko) 2001-11-22

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