EP0672781A1 - Cable for lifts - Google Patents

Cable for lifts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0672781A1
EP0672781A1 EP95101891A EP95101891A EP0672781A1 EP 0672781 A1 EP0672781 A1 EP 0672781A1 EP 95101891 A EP95101891 A EP 95101891A EP 95101891 A EP95101891 A EP 95101891A EP 0672781 A1 EP0672781 A1 EP 0672781A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rope
strands
traction sheave
friction
strand layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95101891A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0672781B2 (en
EP0672781B1 (en
Inventor
Claudio Dipl.-Ing. De Angelis
Ernst Ing. Htl Ach
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Inventio AG
Original Assignee
Inventio AG
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Priority claimed from PCT/CH1994/000044 external-priority patent/WO1994020770A1/en
Priority claimed from CH02578/94A external-priority patent/CH690010A5/en
Application filed by Inventio AG filed Critical Inventio AG
Publication of EP0672781A1 publication Critical patent/EP0672781A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/165—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber inlay
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
    • B66B7/06—Arrangements of ropes or cables
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D07B1/025—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics comprising high modulus, or high tenacity, polymer filaments or fibres, e.g. liquid-crystal polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/16—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics
    • D07B1/162—Ropes or cables with an enveloping sheathing or inlays of rubber or plastics characterised by a plastic or rubber enveloping sheathing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
    • D07B5/005—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties
    • D07B5/006—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form characterised by their outer shape or surface properties by the properties of an outer surface polymeric coating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1012—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure
    • D07B2201/102—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure including a core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1028—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands
    • D07B2201/1036—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands nine or more strands respectively forming multiple layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1092—Parallel strands
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2015—Strands
    • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2071—Spacers
    • D07B2201/2074—Spacers in radial direction
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
    • D07B2205/205—Aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2064—Polyurethane resins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
    • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2401/2065—Reducing wear
    • D07B2401/207—Reducing wear internally
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2007—Elevators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rope as a suspension element for lifts, which is connected to a cabin or load suspension means, the rope consisting of synthetic fibers.
  • steel cables are used in elevator construction, which are connected to the cabins or the load handling devices and counterweights, in the simplest case 1: 1.
  • the use of steel cables has some disadvantages. Due to the high weight of the steel cable, the lifting height of an elevator system is limited.
  • the coefficient of friction between the metal traction sheave and the steel cable is so low that the coefficient of friction must be increased by various measures such as special groove shapes or special groove feedings in the traction sheave or by increasing the wrap angle.
  • the steel cable between the drive and the elevator car acts as a sound bridge, which means a reduction in driving comfort. In order to reduce these undesirable effects, complex constructive measures are required.
  • steel ropes endure a lower number of bending cycles than synthetic fiber ropes, are exposed to corrosion and require regular maintenance.
  • a steel cable is also used as a suspension element, which has the disadvantages mentioned above. Furthermore, due to the small length of the running surface of the rope pulley in relation to the length of the steel rope, the elastic insert is heavily worn and therefore has to be replaced often, which entails high maintenance costs.
  • the invention has for its object to propose a rope as a suspension for lifts of the type mentioned, which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages and by means of which the driving comfort is increased.
  • the measures listed in the subclaims permit advantageous developments and improvements of the synthetic fiber rope specified in claim 1.
  • the Sheathing the synthetic fiber rope creates higher friction values on the traction sheave, so that the loop can be kept smaller.
  • the coefficient of friction can be influenced by different properties of the casing surface. This enables the traction sheaves to be standardized, since different groove shapes are no longer required.
  • the traction sheave diameter must be 40 times the rope diameter.
  • the traction sheave diameter can be chosen significantly smaller due to their nature. Compared to steel ropes, synthetic fiber ropes, with the same diameter ratios, allow a significantly larger number of bending changes.
  • a sheathing 2 surrounds an outermost strand layer 3.
  • the sheathing 2 made of plastic, preferably polyurethane, increases the coefficient of friction of the rope 1 on the traction sheave.
  • the outermost strand layer 3 must have such high binding forces to the sheathing 2 that it does not shift due to the shear forces occurring when the rope 1 is loaded or bulges form. These binding forces are achieved by spraying (extruding) the plastic sheath 2 so that all the spaces between the strands 4 are filled and a large holding surface is formed.
  • the strands 4 are twisted or beaten from individual aramid fibers 5.
  • each individual strand 4 is treated with an impregnating agent, for example a polyurethane solution.
  • an impregnating agent for example a polyurethane solution.
  • the ability of the rope 1 to change bends depends on the proportion of polyurethane in each strand 4. The higher the proportion of polyurethane, the higher the bending performance. However, the load-bearing capacity and the modulus of elasticity of the synthetic fiber rope 1 decrease with increasing polyurethane content.
  • the polyurethane content for impregnating the strands 4 can, for example, between ten and sixty percent, depending on the desired bending alternating power lie.
  • the individual strands 4 can expediently also be protected by a braided sheath made of polyester fibers.
  • a friction-reducing intermediate jacket 7 is therefore attached between the outermost strand layer 3 and the inner strand layer 6.
  • the same friction-reducing effect can be achieved by treating silicone of the strands 4 underneath.
  • the wear is kept low in the outermost strand layer 3 and in inner strand layers 6, which perform the most relative movements when the rope bends on the traction sheave.
  • Another means of preventing frictional wear on the strands 4 could be an elastic filling compound which connects the strands 4 to one another without reducing the flexibility of the rope 1 too much.
  • elevator ropes Unlike pure tether ropes, elevator ropes have to be turned or braided very compactly and tightly so that they do not deform on the traction sheave or start to turn due to the intrinsic twist or deflection.
  • the gaps and voids between the individual layers of the strands 4 are therefore filled by means of filling strands 9, which can act as a support against other strands 4, in order to obtain an almost circular strand layer 6 and to increase the degree of filling.
  • These fillets 9 are made of plastic, e.g. made of polyamide.
  • the aramid fibers 4 consisting of highly oriented molecular chains have a high tensile strength. In contrast to steel, the aramid fiber 5 has a rather low transverse strength due to its atomic structure.
  • the strands 4, twisted or beaten from aramid fibers 5, including the filler strands 9, are tied in layers to the left or right in a layer around a core 10.
  • the friction-reducing intermediate sheath 7 is attached between an inner and the outermost strand layer 3.
  • the outermost strand layer 3 is covered by the sheath 2.
  • the surface 11 of the casing 2 can be structured.
  • the task of the sheathing 2 is to ensure the desired coefficient of friction with the traction sheave and to protect the strands 4 from mechanical and chemical damage and UV rays.
  • the load is borne exclusively by the strands 4.
  • the rope 1 constructed from aramid fibers 5 has a substantially higher load-bearing capacity and only one fifth to one sixth of the specific weight compared to a steel rope with the same cross section. For the same load-bearing capacity, the diameter of a synthetic fiber rope 1 can therefore be reduced compared to a conventional steel rope. By using the above materials, the rope 1 is completely protected against corrosion. Maintenance like steel cables, e.g. to grease the ropes is no longer necessary.
  • Another embodiment of the synthetic fiber rope 1 consists in the different design of the sheathing 2.
  • each individual strand 4 is provided with a separate sheath which is closed all round, preferably made of polyurethane or polyamide.
  • a sheath 2 surrounding the entire outermost strand layer 3 each individual strand 4 is provided with a separate sheath which is closed all round, preferably made of polyurethane or polyamide.
  • the further construction of the synthetic fiber rope 1 remains identical to the embodiment described in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of an elevator installation.
  • a car 13 guided in an elevator shaft 12 is driven by a drive motor 14 with a traction sheave 15 via the synthetic fiber rope 1 according to the invention.
  • a counterweight 16 At the other end of the rope 1 hangs a counterweight 16 as a compensating element.
  • the coefficient of friction between rope 1 and traction sheave 15 is now designed such that further promotion of cabin 13 is prevented when counterweight 16 is placed on a buffer 17.
  • the cable 1 is fastened to the cabin 13 and to the counterweight 16 via cable end connections 18.
  • the coefficient of friction between rope 1 and a deflection sheave should be as small as possible in order to keep the friction losses low.
  • the deflection sheave does not transmit any drive torque to the rope 1.
  • the sheathing 2 can also be made of polyamide instead of polyurethane to reduce the coefficient of friction.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an elevator installation with a 2: 1 sheathing.
  • rope end connections 18 for the synthetic fiber rope 1 are not attached to the cabin 13 and to the counterweight 16, but rather in each case to the upper shaft end 19.
  • the shape of a groove 20 of the traction sheave 15 coupled to the drive motor 14 of the elevator is preferably semicircular for optimum fitting of the rope 1. Since the rope 1 deforms somewhat under load on the support surface, an oval groove shape can also be selected. These simple groove shapes can be used because the plastic jacket 2 generates a sufficiently high coefficient of friction. At the same time, the wrap angle of the rope 1 on the traction sheave 15 can be reduced due to the high friction values.
  • the groove shape of the traction sheave 15 can be designed identically for lifts of different loads, since the coefficient of friction is determined by the surface structure 11 and the material of the casing 2.
  • the dimensions of the traction sheave 15 can be reduced due to the smaller rope diameter of the synthetic fiber rope 1 and the associated smaller possible traction sheave diameter.
  • a smaller traction sheave diameter leads to a smaller drive torque and thus to a smaller motor size.
  • the production and warehousing of the traction sheaves 15 are also considerably simplified and cheaper.
  • the large contact surface of the rope 1 in the groove 20 also results in smaller surface pressures, which considerably extends the life of the rope 1 and traction sheave 15.
  • the rope 1 made of aramid fibers 5 also does not allow transmission of the frequencies emanating from the traction sheave 15. An excitation of the cabin 13 via the cable 1 which reduces the driving comfort is thus omitted.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Flexible Shafts (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)

Abstract

A cable to support and carry a lift or elevator cage has carrier strands (4) of synthetic fibres. The surrounding shrouding (2) is of plastic, pref. polyurethane.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Seil als Tragmittel für Aufzüge, welches mit einer Kabine bzw. Lastaufnahmemittel verbunden ist, wobei das Seil aus Kunstfasern besteht.The invention relates to a rope as a suspension element for lifts, which is connected to a cabin or load suspension means, the rope consisting of synthetic fibers.

Bis heute werden im Aufzugsbau Stahlseile verwendet, welche mit den Kabinen bzw. den Lastaufnahmemitteln und Gegengewichten, im einfachsten Fall 1:1, verbunden sind. Die Verwendung von Stahlseilen bringt jedoch einige Nachteile mit sich. Durch das hohe Eigengewicht des Stahlseiles sind der Hubhöhe einer Aufzugsanlage Grenzen gesetzt. Desweitern ist der Reibwert zwischen der metallenen Treibscheibe und dem Stahlseil so gering, dass durch verschiedene Massnahmen wie spezielle Rillenformen oder spezielle Rillenfütterungen in der Treibscheibe oder durch Vergrössern des Umschlingungswinkels der Reibwert erhöht werden muss. Ausserdem wirkt das Stahlseil zwischen dem Antrieb und der Aufzugskabine als Schallbrücke, was eine Minderung des Fahrkomforts bedeutet. Um diese unerwünschten Wirkungen zu reduzieren, bedarf es aufwendiger konstruktiver Massnahmen. Zudem ertragen Stahlseile, gegenüber den Kunstfaserseilen, eine geringere Biegezyklenzahl, sind der Korrosion ausgesetzt und müssen regelmässig gewartet werden.To this day, steel cables are used in elevator construction, which are connected to the cabins or the load handling devices and counterweights, in the simplest case 1: 1. However, the use of steel cables has some disadvantages. Due to the high weight of the steel cable, the lifting height of an elevator system is limited. In addition, the coefficient of friction between the metal traction sheave and the steel cable is so low that the coefficient of friction must be increased by various measures such as special groove shapes or special groove feedings in the traction sheave or by increasing the wrap angle. In addition, the steel cable between the drive and the elevator car acts as a sound bridge, which means a reduction in driving comfort. In order to reduce these undesirable effects, complex constructive measures are required. In addition, steel ropes endure a lower number of bending cycles than synthetic fiber ropes, are exposed to corrosion and require regular maintenance.

Mit der CH-PS 495 911 ist ein Einlagering zur Auskleidung der Drahtseilrillen von Seilrollen für Seilbahnen und Aufzüge bekanntgeworden, der zur Dämpfung der Geräusche und zur Schonung der Drahtseile aus elastischem Material besteht. Um eine bessere Ableitung der inneren Wärme zu gewährleisten, ist der Einlagering aus mehreren, voneinander distanzierten Einzelsegmenten aufgebaut. Die infolge von Erwärmung erfolgte Ausdehnung des Einlageringes wird durch die Abstände zwischen den einzelnen Segmenten kompensiert. Bei Belastung durch das Drahtseil kann das elastische Material in die Einschnitte ausweichen und wird dadurch gewissermassen entlastet, so dass auch keine Risse in der Seilrille entstehen. Bei örtlichen Abnutzungen des Einlageringes müssen einzelne Segmente ausgewechselt werden.With CH-PS 495 911 an insert ring for lining the wire rope grooves of rope pulleys for cable cars and lifts has become known, which is made of elastic material to dampen the noise and to protect the wire rope. In order to ensure better dissipation of the internal heat, the insert ring is made up of several individual segments spaced apart from one another. The result of Heating of the expansion ring is compensated for by the distances between the individual segments. When loaded by the wire rope, the elastic material can escape into the incisions and is thus relieved to a certain extent, so that there are no cracks in the rope groove. If the bearing ring wears out locally, individual segments must be replaced.

Bei der vorstehend beschriebenen Erfindung wird weiterhin ein Stahlseil als Tragmittel verwendet, welches die eingangs genannten Nachteile aufweist. Desweitern wird durch die geringe Länge der Lauffläche der Seilrolle im Verhältnis zur Länge des Stahlseils die elastische Einlage stark abgenutzt und muss somit oft ersetzt werden, was hohe Wartungskosten mit sich bringt.In the invention described above, a steel cable is also used as a suspension element, which has the disadvantages mentioned above. Furthermore, due to the small length of the running surface of the rope pulley in relation to the length of the steel rope, the elastic insert is heavily worn and therefore has to be replaced often, which entails high maintenance costs.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Seil als Tragmittel für Aufzüge der eingangs genannten Art vorzuschlagen, welches die vorgenannten Nachteile nicht aufweist und mittels welchem der Fahrkomfort erhöht wird.The invention has for its object to propose a rope as a suspension for lifts of the type mentioned, which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages and by means of which the driving comfort is increased.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Patentanspruch 1 gekennzeichnete Erfindung gelöst.This object is achieved by the invention characterized in claim 1.

Die durch die Erfindung erreichten Vorteile sind im wesentlichen darin zu sehen, dass ein aus mehreren Lagen bestehendes, ummanteltes Kunstfaserseil, dessen Litzen unbehandelt oder mit einem Imprägniermittel behandelt sind, gegenüber Stahlseilen eine wesentlich höhere Tragfähigkeit aufweist und nahezu wartungsfrei ist.The advantages achieved by the invention are essentially to be seen in the fact that a sheathed synthetic fiber rope consisting of several layers, the strands of which are untreated or treated with an impregnating agent, has a considerably higher load capacity than steel ropes and is almost maintenance-free.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Massnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Kunstfaserseils möglich. Die Ummantelung des Kunstfaserseils erzeugt auf der Treibscheibe höhere Reibwerte, sodass die Umschlingung kleiner gehalten werden kann. Der Reibwert kann durch eine unterschiedliche Beschaffenheit der Ummantelungsoberfläche beeinflusst werden. Dadurch lassen sich die Treibscheiben vereinheitlichen, da keine unterschiedlichen Rillenformen mehr benötigt werden. Für Stahlseile muss der Treibscheibendurchmesser das 40-fache des Seildurchmessers betragen. Bei Verwendung von Kunstfaserseilen kann aufgrund ihrer Beschaffenheit der Treibscheibendurchmesser bedeutend kleiner gewählt werden. Kunstfaserseile erlauben gegenüber Stahlseilen, bei gleichen Durchmesserverhältnissen, eine wesentlich grössere Anzahl Biegewechsel. Durch das geringe Gewicht des Kunstfaserseils gegenüber einem Stahlseil kann neben einer Reduzierung der Anzahl Ausgleichsseile auch ein wesentlich geringeres Spanngewicht verwendet werden. Durch die obengenannten Verbesserungen ergibt sich für die Auslegung des Antriebs ein kleineres erforderliches Anlaufmoment und Drehmoment was folglich den Anlaufstrom bzw. den Energiebedarf senkt. Dadurch lassen sich die Antriebsmotoren in ihrer Baugrösse reduzieren. Zudem finden in einem Seil dieser Bauart keine Frequenzübertragungen statt, somit entfällt eine Anregung der Kabine über das Seil, was neben einer Erhöhung des Fahrkomforts auch eine Reduktion der konstruktiven Massnahmen zur Isolation der Kabine erlaubt.The measures listed in the subclaims permit advantageous developments and improvements of the synthetic fiber rope specified in claim 1. The Sheathing the synthetic fiber rope creates higher friction values on the traction sheave, so that the loop can be kept smaller. The coefficient of friction can be influenced by different properties of the casing surface. This enables the traction sheaves to be standardized, since different groove shapes are no longer required. For steel ropes, the traction sheave diameter must be 40 times the rope diameter. When using synthetic fiber ropes, the traction sheave diameter can be chosen significantly smaller due to their nature. Compared to steel ropes, synthetic fiber ropes, with the same diameter ratios, allow a significantly larger number of bending changes. Due to the low weight of the synthetic fiber rope compared to a steel rope, in addition to a reduction in the number of compensating ropes, a much lower tensioning weight can be used. The improvements mentioned above result in a smaller starting torque and torque required for the design of the drive, which consequently lowers the starting current and the energy requirement. This allows the drive motors to be reduced in size. In addition, no frequency transmissions take place in a rope of this type, so there is no excitation of the cabin via the rope, which in addition to an increase in driving comfort also allows a reduction in the structural measures for isolating the cabin.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt und im folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
ein Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemässes Kunstfaser-Seil,
Fig.2
eine perspektivische Darstellung des erfindungsgemässen Kunstfaserseils,
Fig.3
eine schematische Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage,
Fig.4
eine schematische Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage mit einer Umhängung von 2:1, und
Fig.5
ein Ausschnitt einer Treibscheibe mit daraufliegendem erfindungsgemässen Kunstfaserseil im Querschnitt.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown and explained in more detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1
2 shows a section through a synthetic fiber rope according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a perspective view of the inventive Synthetic fiber rope,
Fig. 3
1 shows a schematic representation of an elevator installation,
Fig. 4
is a schematic representation of an elevator system with a neck of 2: 1, and
Fig. 5
a section of a traction sheave with an inventive synthetic fiber rope in cross section.

Fig.1 zeigt einen Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemässes Kunstfaserseil 1. Eine Ummantelung 2 umgibt eine äusserste Litzenlage 3. Die Ummantelung 2 aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise Polyurethan, erhöht den Reibwert des Seiles 1 auf der Treibscheibe. Die äusserste Litzenlage 3 muss so hohe Bindekräfte zur Ummantelung 2 aufweisen, dass sich diese durch die bei Belastung des Seils 1 auftretenden Schubkräfte nicht verschiebt oder Aufstauchungen bildet. Diese Bindekräfte werden erreicht, indem die Kunststoffummantelung 2 aufgespritzt (extrudiert) wird, so dass alle Zwischenräume zwischen den Litzen 4 ausgefüllt sind und eine grosse Haltefläche gebildet wird. Die Litzen 4 werden aus einzelnen Aramidfasern 5 gedreht oder geschlagen. Jede einzelne Litze 4 wird zum Schutz der Fasern 5 mit einem Imprägniermittel, z.B. Polyurethanlösung, behandelt. Die Biegewechselfähigkeit des Seils 1 ist abhängig vom Anteil des Polyurethans an jeder Litze 4. Je höher der Anteil des Polyurethans, desto höher wird die Biegewechselleistung. Mit steigendem Polyurethananteil sinkt jedoch die Tragfähigkeit und der E-Modul des Kunstfaserseils 1. Der Polyurethananteil zur Imprägnierung der Litzen 4 kann je nach gewünschter Biegewechselleistung z.B. zwischen zehn und sechzig Prozent liegen. Zweckmässigerweise können die einzelnen Litzen 4 auch durch eine geflochtene Hülle aus Polyesterfasern geschützt werden.1 shows a section through an inventive synthetic fiber rope 1. A sheathing 2 surrounds an outermost strand layer 3. The sheathing 2 made of plastic, preferably polyurethane, increases the coefficient of friction of the rope 1 on the traction sheave. The outermost strand layer 3 must have such high binding forces to the sheathing 2 that it does not shift due to the shear forces occurring when the rope 1 is loaded or bulges form. These binding forces are achieved by spraying (extruding) the plastic sheath 2 so that all the spaces between the strands 4 are filled and a large holding surface is formed. The strands 4 are twisted or beaten from individual aramid fibers 5. To protect the fibers 5, each individual strand 4 is treated with an impregnating agent, for example a polyurethane solution. The ability of the rope 1 to change bends depends on the proportion of polyurethane in each strand 4. The higher the proportion of polyurethane, the higher the bending performance. However, the load-bearing capacity and the modulus of elasticity of the synthetic fiber rope 1 decrease with increasing polyurethane content. The polyurethane content for impregnating the strands 4 can, for example, between ten and sixty percent, depending on the desired bending alternating power lie. The individual strands 4 can expediently also be protected by a braided sheath made of polyester fibers.

Um auf der Treibscheibe einen Verschleiss der Litzen durch gegenseitige Reibung aneinander zu vermeiden, wird zwischen der äussersten Litzenlage 3 und der inneren Litzenlage 6 deshalb ein reibungsmindernder Zwischenmantel 7 angebracht. Dieselbe reibungsmindernde Wirkung kann durch das Behandeln von Silikon der darunterliegenden Litzen 4 erzielt werden. Damit wird bei der äussersten Litzenlage 3 und bei inneren Litzenlagen 6, welche bei der Biegung des Seils an der Treibscheibe die meisten Relativbewegungen durchführen, der Verschleiss gering gehalten. Ein anderes Mittel zur Verhinderung von Reibungsverschleiss an den Litzen 4 könnte eine elastische Füllmasse sein, die die Litzen 4 miteinander verbindet ohne die Biegsamkeit des Seils 1 zu stark zu vermindern.In order to avoid wear of the strands due to mutual friction on the traction sheave, a friction-reducing intermediate jacket 7 is therefore attached between the outermost strand layer 3 and the inner strand layer 6. The same friction-reducing effect can be achieved by treating silicone of the strands 4 underneath. Thus, the wear is kept low in the outermost strand layer 3 and in inner strand layers 6, which perform the most relative movements when the rope bends on the traction sheave. Another means of preventing frictional wear on the strands 4 could be an elastic filling compound which connects the strands 4 to one another without reducing the flexibility of the rope 1 too much.

Anders als reine Halteseile müssen Aufzugseile sehr kompakt und fest gedreht bzw. geflochten werden, damit sie sich auf der Treibscheibe nicht verformen oder infolge des Eigendralls oder Ablenkung zu drehen beginnen. Die Lücken und Hohlräume zwischen den einzelnen Lagen der Litzen 4 werden daher mittels Füllitzen 9, welche gegen andere Litzen 4 stützend wirken können, ausgefüllt, um eine nahezu kreisförmige Litzenlage 6 zu erhalten und den Füllungsgrad zu erhöhen. Diese Füllitzen 9 bestehen aus Kunststoff, z.B. aus Polyamid.Unlike pure tether ropes, elevator ropes have to be turned or braided very compactly and tightly so that they do not deform on the traction sheave or start to turn due to the intrinsic twist or deflection. The gaps and voids between the individual layers of the strands 4 are therefore filled by means of filling strands 9, which can act as a support against other strands 4, in order to obtain an almost circular strand layer 6 and to increase the degree of filling. These fillets 9 are made of plastic, e.g. made of polyamide.

Die aus hochgradig orientierten Molekülketten bestehenden Aramidfasern 4 weisen eine hohe Zugfestigkeit auf. Im Gegensatz zu Stahl hat die Aramidfaser 5 aufgrund ihres atomaren Aufbaus jedoch eine eher geringe Querfestigkeit.The aramid fibers 4 consisting of highly oriented molecular chains have a high tensile strength. In contrast to steel, the aramid fiber 5 has a rather low transverse strength due to its atomic structure.

Aus diesem Grund können keine herkömmlichen Stahl-Seilschlösser zur Seilendbefestigung von Kunstfaserseilen 1 verwendet werden, da die in diesen Bauteilen wirkenden Klemmkräfte die Bruchlast des Seiles 1 stark reduzieren. Eine geeignete Seilendverbindung für Kunstfaserseile 1 ist bereits durch die PCT/CH94/00044 bekanntgeworden.For this reason, no conventional steel cable locks can be used for fastening the end of synthetic fiber ropes 1, since the clamping forces acting in these components greatly reduce the breaking load of the rope 1. A suitable rope end connection for synthetic fiber ropes 1 has already been disclosed by PCT / CH94 / 00044.

Fig.2 zeigt eine perspektivische Darstellung des Aufbaus des erfindungsgemässen Kunstfaserseils 1. Die aus Aramidfasern 5 gedrehten oder geschlagenen Litzen 4 werden inklusive der Füllitzen 9 um eine Seele 10 lagenweise links- oder rechtsgängig geschlagen. Zwischen einer inneren und der äussersten Litzenlage 3 wird der reibungsmindernde Zwischenmantel 7 angebracht. Die äusserste Litzenlage 3 wird durch die Ummantelung 2 abgedeckt. Zur Bestimmung eines definierten Reibwertes kann die Oberfläche 11 der Ummantelung 2 strukturiert ausgeführt werden. Die Aufgabe der Ummantelung 2 besteht darin, den gewünschten Reibwert zur Treibscheibe zu gewährleisten und die Litzen 4 vor mechanischen und chemischen Beschädigungen und UV-Strahlen zu schützen. Die Last wird ausschliesslich durch die Litzen 4 getragen. Das aus Aramidfasern 5 aufgebaute Seil 1 weist bei gleichem Querschnitt im Vergleich zu einem Stahlseil eine wesentlich höhere Tragfähigkeit und nur ein Fünftel bis ein Sechstel des spezifischen Gewichtes auf. Für die gleiche Tragfähigkeit kann deshalb der Durchmesser eines Kunstfaserseils 1 gegenüber einem herkömmlichen Stahlseil reduziert werden. Durch die Verwendung der obengenannten Materialien ist das Seil 1 gänzlich gegen Korrosion geschützt. Eine Wartung wie bei Stahlseilen, z.B. um die Seile zu fetten, ist nicht mehr notwendig.2 shows a perspective view of the structure of the synthetic fiber rope 1 according to the invention. The strands 4, twisted or beaten from aramid fibers 5, including the filler strands 9, are tied in layers to the left or right in a layer around a core 10. The friction-reducing intermediate sheath 7 is attached between an inner and the outermost strand layer 3. The outermost strand layer 3 is covered by the sheath 2. To determine a defined coefficient of friction, the surface 11 of the casing 2 can be structured. The task of the sheathing 2 is to ensure the desired coefficient of friction with the traction sheave and to protect the strands 4 from mechanical and chemical damage and UV rays. The load is borne exclusively by the strands 4. The rope 1 constructed from aramid fibers 5 has a substantially higher load-bearing capacity and only one fifth to one sixth of the specific weight compared to a steel rope with the same cross section. For the same load-bearing capacity, the diameter of a synthetic fiber rope 1 can therefore be reduced compared to a conventional steel rope. By using the above materials, the rope 1 is completely protected against corrosion. Maintenance like steel cables, e.g. to grease the ropes is no longer necessary.

Eine andere Ausführungsart des Kunstfaserseils 1 besteht in der unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltung der Ummantelung 2.Another embodiment of the synthetic fiber rope 1 consists in the different design of the sheathing 2.

Anstatt eine die gesamte äusserste Litzenlage 3 umgebende Ummantelung 2 zu verwenden, wird jede einzelne Litze 4 mit einem separaten, ringsum geschlossenen Mantel, vorzugsweise aus Polyurethan oder Polyamid, versehen. Der weitere Aufbau des Kunstfaserseils 1 bleibt jedoch identisch mit der in Fig.1 und Fig.2 beschriebenen Ausführungsart.Instead of using a sheath 2 surrounding the entire outermost strand layer 3, each individual strand 4 is provided with a separate sheath which is closed all round, preferably made of polyurethane or polyamide. However, the further construction of the synthetic fiber rope 1 remains identical to the embodiment described in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Fig.3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage. Eine in einem Aufzugsschacht 12 geführte Kabine 13 wird von einem Antriebsmotor 14 mit einer Treibscheibe 15 über das erfindungsgemässe Kunstfaserseil 1 angetrieben. Am anderen Ende des Seiles 1 hängt ein Gegengewicht 16 als Ausgleichsorgan. Der Reibwert zwischen Seil 1 und Treibscheibe 15 wird nun so ausgelegt, dass bei auf einem Puffer 17 aufgesetztem Gegengewicht 16 eine weitere Förderung der Kabine 13 verhindert wird. Die Befestigung des Seils 1 an der Kabine 13 und am Gegengewicht 16 erfolgt über Seilendverbindungen 18.3 shows a schematic representation of an elevator installation. A car 13 guided in an elevator shaft 12 is driven by a drive motor 14 with a traction sheave 15 via the synthetic fiber rope 1 according to the invention. At the other end of the rope 1 hangs a counterweight 16 as a compensating element. The coefficient of friction between rope 1 and traction sheave 15 is now designed such that further promotion of cabin 13 is prevented when counterweight 16 is placed on a buffer 17. The cable 1 is fastened to the cabin 13 and to the counterweight 16 via cable end connections 18.

Wenn wie bei der Verwendung eines Linearmotors der Antrieb am Gegengewicht oder an der Kabine angebracht ist, soll der Reibwert zwischen Seil 1 und einer Umlenkscheibe so klein wie möglich sein, um die Reibungsverluste gering zu halten. Die Umlenkscheibe überträgt in diesem Fall kein Antriebsmoment auf das Seil 1. Zu diesem Zweck kann die Ummantelung 2 zur Reduzierung des Reibwertes anstelle von Polyurethan auch aus Polyamid gefertigt sein.If, as with the use of a linear motor, the drive is attached to the counterweight or to the cabin, the coefficient of friction between rope 1 and a deflection sheave should be as small as possible in order to keep the friction losses low. In this case, the deflection sheave does not transmit any drive torque to the rope 1. For this purpose, the sheathing 2 can also be made of polyamide instead of polyurethane to reduce the coefficient of friction.

Fig.4 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage mit einer Umhängung von 2:1. Seilendverbindungen 18 für das Kunstfaserseil 1 werden bei dieser Anordnung nicht an der Kabine 13 und am Gegengewicht 16, sondern jeweils am oberen Schachtende 19 angebracht.FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an elevator installation with a 2: 1 sheathing. In this arrangement, rope end connections 18 for the synthetic fiber rope 1 are not attached to the cabin 13 and to the counterweight 16, but rather in each case to the upper shaft end 19.

Fig.5 zeigt das erfindungsgemässe Kunstfaserseil 1 auf der Treibscheibe 15 im Querschnitt. Die Form einer Rille 20 der an den Antriebsmotor 14 des Aufzugs gekoppelten Treibscheibe 15 ist für eine optimale Anschmiegung des Seils 1 vorzugsweise halbrund. Da sich das Seil 1 unter Belastung auf der Auflagefläche etwas verformt, kann auch eine ovale Rillenform gewählt werden. Diese einfachen Rillenformen können verwendet werden, weil der Kunststoffmantel 2 ein genügend grosser Reibwert erzeugt. Zugleich lässt sich aufgrund der hohen Reibwerte der Umschlingungswinkel des Seils 1 an der Treibscheibe 15 reduzieren. Die Rillenform der Treibscheibe 15 kann für Aufzüge verschiedener Lasten gleich ausgeführt werden, da der Reibwert durch die Oberflächenstruktur 11 und das Material der Ummantelung 2 bestimmt wird. Damit kann auch eine im Einzelfall zu grosse Reibung reduziert werden, um eine Lastförderung bei aufgesetztem Gegengewicht zu verhindern (Aufsetzprobe). Zusätzlich kann die Treibscheibe 15, aufgrund des geringeren Seildurchmessers des Kunstfaserseiles 1 und dem damit verbundenen, kleiner möglichen Treibscheibendurchmesser, in ihren Abmessungen reduziert werden. Ein kleinerer Treibscheibendurchmesser führt zu einem kleineren Antriebs-Drehmoment und damit zu einer kleineren Motorgrösse. Auch wird die Produktion und Lagerhaltung der Treibscheiben 15 wesentlich vereinfacht und verbilligt. Durch die grosse Auflagefläche des Seils 1 in der Rille 20 ergeben sich ebenfalls kleinere Flächenpressungen, was die Lebensdauer von Seil 1 und Treibscheibe 15 erheblich verlängert. Das aus Aramidfasern 5 gefertigte Seil 1 erlaubt zudem keine Übertragung der von der Treibscheibe 15 ausgehenden Frequenzen. Somit entfällt eine den Fahrkomfort mindernde Anregung der Kabine 13 über das Seil 1.5 shows the synthetic fiber rope 1 according to the invention on the traction sheave 15 in cross section. The shape of a groove 20 of the traction sheave 15 coupled to the drive motor 14 of the elevator is preferably semicircular for optimum fitting of the rope 1. Since the rope 1 deforms somewhat under load on the support surface, an oval groove shape can also be selected. These simple groove shapes can be used because the plastic jacket 2 generates a sufficiently high coefficient of friction. At the same time, the wrap angle of the rope 1 on the traction sheave 15 can be reduced due to the high friction values. The groove shape of the traction sheave 15 can be designed identically for lifts of different loads, since the coefficient of friction is determined by the surface structure 11 and the material of the casing 2. In this way, too much friction can be reduced in individual cases in order to prevent a load being conveyed when the counterweight is attached (attachment test). In addition, the dimensions of the traction sheave 15 can be reduced due to the smaller rope diameter of the synthetic fiber rope 1 and the associated smaller possible traction sheave diameter. A smaller traction sheave diameter leads to a smaller drive torque and thus to a smaller motor size. The production and warehousing of the traction sheaves 15 are also considerably simplified and cheaper. The large contact surface of the rope 1 in the groove 20 also results in smaller surface pressures, which considerably extends the life of the rope 1 and traction sheave 15. The rope 1 made of aramid fibers 5 also does not allow transmission of the frequencies emanating from the traction sheave 15. An excitation of the cabin 13 via the cable 1 which reduces the driving comfort is thus omitted.

Durch den erhöhten Reibwert, den geringeren Umschlingungswinkel und das niedrige Gewicht des Kunstfaserseils 1 lassen sich weitere Reduzierungen im Bereich der Antriebe realisieren. Die erforderlichen Anlauf- bzw. Drehmomente und die Momente an der Welle von Getriebemaschinen nehmen markant ab. Folglich sinken die Anlaufströme bzw. der gesamte Energiebedarf. Dies wiederum erlaubt eine Reduzierung der Motoren- und Getriebegrössen und der Baugrösse der die Motoren speisenden Umformer.Due to the increased coefficient of friction, the lower wrap angle and the low weight of the synthetic fiber rope 1, further reductions in the area of the drives can be realized. The required starting or torque and the torque on the shaft of gear machines decrease significantly. As a result, the starting currents and the total energy requirement decrease. This in turn allows a reduction in the size of the motors and gears and the size of the converters that feed the motors.

Claims (10)

Seil (1) als Tragmittel für Aufzüge, welches mit einer Kabine (13) bzw. Lastaufnahmemittel verbunden ist und über eine Treibscheibe (15) oder eine Winde angetrieben wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass tragende Litzen (4) aus Kunstfasern von einer ringsum geschlossenen Ummantelung (2) aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise Polyurethan, umgeben sind.Rope (1) as a suspension element for lifts, which is connected to a cabin (13) or load suspension means and is driven by a traction sheave (15) or a winch,
characterized,
that load-bearing strands (4) made of synthetic fibers are surrounded by an all-round closed sheath (2) made of plastic, preferably polyurethane. Seil (1) nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Bindekräfte zwischen einer äussersten Litzenlage (3) und der Ummantelung (2) grösser sind als die zwischen der Treibscheibe (15) und der Ummantelung (2) auftretenden Schubkräfte.Rope (1) according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the binding forces between an outermost strand layer (3) and the sheathing (2) are greater than the shear forces occurring between the traction sheave (15) and the sheathing (2). Seil (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Litzen (4) mit einem Imprägniermittel mit spezifischer Konzentration, insbesondere Polyurethanlösung, imprägniert werden.Rope (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the strands (4) are impregnated with an impregnating agent with a specific concentration, in particular polyurethane solution. Seil (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Litzen (4) von einer geflochtenen Hülle aus Polyesterfasern umgeben sind.Rope (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the strands (4) are surrounded by a braided sheath made of polyester fibers. Seil (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass zwischen der äussersten Litzenlage (3) und einer inneren Litzenlage (6) ein reibungsmindernder Zwischenmantel (7) angebracht ist.Rope (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that a friction-reducing intermediate jacket (7) is attached between the outermost strand layer (3) and an inner strand layer (6). Seil (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Litzen (4) einer inneren Litzenlage (6) mit Silikon behandelt ist.Rope (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the strands (4) of an inner strand layer (6) are treated with silicone. Seil (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Oberfläche (11) der Ummantelung (2) glatt ausgeführt ist.Rope (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the surface (11) of the casing (2) is smooth. Seil (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Oberfläche (11) der Ummantelung (2) strukturiert ist.Rope (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the surface (11) of the casing (2) is structured. Seil (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Litzen (4) aus Aramidfasern (5) gedreht sind.Rope (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that the strands (4) made of aramid fibers (5) are twisted. Seil (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Litzen (4) aus Aramidfasern (5) geschlagen sind.Rope (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that the strands (4) are made of aramid fibers (5).
EP95101891A 1994-03-02 1995-02-13 Cable for lifts Expired - Lifetime EP0672781B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH1994/000044 WO1994020770A1 (en) 1993-03-05 1994-03-02 Connector for synthetic-fibre ropes
WOPCT/CH94/00044 1994-03-02
CH2578/94 1994-08-23
CH257894 1994-08-23
CH02578/94A CH690010A5 (en) 1994-03-02 1994-08-23 Cable for lift or elevator cage

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EP0672781A1 true EP0672781A1 (en) 1995-09-20
EP0672781B1 EP0672781B1 (en) 1999-11-24
EP0672781B2 EP0672781B2 (en) 2008-12-31

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JP (1) JP3177397B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100348885B1 (en)
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AT (1) ATE186962T1 (en)
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CA2142072A1 (en) 1995-09-03
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EP0672781B1 (en) 1999-11-24
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AU682743B2 (en) 1997-10-16
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JP3177397B2 (en) 2001-06-18
RU2194003C2 (en) 2002-12-10

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