EP1416082B1 - Synthetic fibre rope with reinforcing element for mechanically reinforcing the sheath - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a synthetic fiber rope with a plurality of ropes extending at a distance from each other and a common cable sheath, z. B. for use in an elevator installation, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Running ropes are an important, heavily used machine element in conveyor technology, especially in elevators, in crane construction and in mining. Particularly complex is the stress of driven ropes, as used for example in hoists.

Thus, in conventional elevator systems, the car frame and a counterweight are connected to one another via a plurality of steel strand cables. To raise and lower the cab and counterweight, the ropes pass over a traction sheave driven by a drive motor. The drive torque is impressed under frictional engagement with the respective rope section resting on the traction sheave over the wrap angle. The cables experience tensile, bending, compressive and torsional stresses. The relative movements caused by the bending over the sheave cause friction within the rope structure which, depending on the lubricant concentration, can have a negative effect on the rope wear. Depending on the rope construction, bending radius, groove profile and rope safety factor, the resulting primary and secondary stresses have a negative influence on the rope condition.

In addition to the strength requirements, there is also the demand for lifting equipment for energy reasons as small masses as possible. High-strength synthetic fiber ropes, for example of aromatic polyamides, especially aramids, with highly oriented molecular chains meet these requirements better than steel ropes, but have a lower transverse strength.

In order to expose the aramid fibers consequently when running over the traction sheave as low as possible transverse strains, is for example in the EP 0 672 781 A1 proposed as a suitable parallel rope strand Aramidfaserlitzenseil. The aramid rope known from it offers very satisfactory values in terms of service life, high abrasion resistance and flexural fatigue strength; However, in unfavorable circumstances there is the possibility that partially stranded aramid ropes occur in parallel stranded aramid ropes, which disturb the original rope structure sustainably in their balance. These twisting phenomena and the changes in the rope structure can be made, for example, with a synthetic fiber rope according to the European Patent Application EP 1 061 172 A2 be avoided. For this purpose, the synthetic fiber rope comprises two parallel ropes, which are connected to each other via a cable sheath. The synthetic fiber rope according to EP 1 061 172 A2 achieves a longitudinal strength substantially by the properties of the two parallel ropes. The cable sheath, however, prevents twisting and changes in the rope structure. In addition, the cable sheath serves as insulation (protective effect) and it has a high coefficient of friction. A weak point can, depending on the application and field of application of the web of such a synthetic fiber rope according EP 1 061 172 A2 be.

A weak point can, depending on the application and field of application of the web of such a synthetic fiber rope according EP 1 061 172 A2 be.

Out WO 98/29327 is a flat rope made of synthetic fibers known. The load-bearing structure is formed by ropes that are parallel next to each other at a certain distance and are covered by a jacket. This jacket is provided on the frictional with the drive pulley forming side with a coating to improve its frictional and Abnützungseigenschaften.

The invention aims to further improve the known synthetic fiber ropes in order to avoid inter alia a web break.

It is a particular object of the present invention to further improve the functionality of plastic ropes.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a synthetic fiber rope having the features specified in claim 1 The dependent claims contain expedient and advantageous developments and / or embodiments of the given by the features of claim 1 invention.

Figur 1

eine schematische Ansicht einer Aufzugsanlage mit einer über erfindungsgemässe Kunstfaserlitzenseile mit einem Gegengewicht verbundenen Kabine;

Figur 2

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemässen Kunststoffseils (Zwillingsseil);

Figur 3

eine Querschnittsansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemässen Kunststoffseiles;

Figur 4

eine schematische Ansicht einer Seilscheibe mit einem Abschnitt eines Kunststoffseiles, das gemäss Erfindung ein aussen angeordnetes Verstärkungselement aufweist;

Figur 5

eine Querschnittsansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemässen Kunststoffseiles;

Figur 6

eine Querschnittsansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemässen Kunststoffseiles;

Figur 7

eine Querschnittsansicht eines Teils eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemässen Kunststoffseiles;

Figur 8

eine Querschnittsansicht eines Teils eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemässen Kunststoffseiles;

Figur 9

eine Seitenansicht eines Teils eines Verstärkungselementes gemäss Erfindung;

Figur 10

eine Seitenansicht eines Teils eines weiteren Verstärkungselementes gemäss Erfindung.

The invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
It shows:

FIG. 1

a schematic view of an elevator system with a connected via inventive fiber strand cables with a counterweight cab;

FIG. 2

a perspective view of a first embodiment of an inventive plastic rope (twin rope);

FIG. 3

a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a plastic rope according to the invention;

FIG. 4

a schematic view of a pulley with a portion of a plastic rope, according to Invention has an externally arranged reinforcing element;

FIG. 5

a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a plastic rope according to the invention;

FIG. 6

a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a plastic rope according to the invention;

FIG. 7

a cross-sectional view of a portion of another embodiment of a plastic rope according to the invention;

FIG. 8

a cross-sectional view of a portion of another embodiment of a plastic rope according to the invention;

FIG. 9

a side view of a portion of a reinforcing element according to the invention;

FIG. 10

a side view of part of a further reinforcing element according to the invention.

The same, or the same effect, constructive elements are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals, even if they are not executed in detail the same. The figures are not to scale.

According to FIG. 1 hangs a guided in a slot 1 cabin on a supporting inventive plastic rope 3, which preferably comprises aramid fibers and which runs over a connected to a drive motor 4 traction sheave 5. On the cabin 2 there is a cable end connection 6 to which the plastic cable 3 is attached with one end. The each other end of the plastic rope 3 is fastened in the same way to a counterweight 7, which is also guided in the shaft 1. In the arrangement shown is a so-called 1: 1 suspension, which is characterized in that the plastic rope 3 according to the invention is curved in one direction only because it only rotates about a single traction sheave 5, without being deflected by other discs, as is the case with a 2: 1 suspension, for example.

The low weight of plastic ropes offers the advantage that in elevator systems the usual balancing ropes can be omitted partially or completely. Compared to conventional steel cables, this can increase the maximum lifting height of an elevator installation or increase the maximum permissible load with the same rope dimensions.

Under certain circumstances, however, a compensating rope can also be provided despite the use of lightweight plastic ropes. Such a compensating rope is then connected in a similar manner with its first end at the lower end of the car 2, from where the compensating rope leads, for example via deflection rollers placed on the shaft bottom 10, to the counterweight 7.

A first synthetic fiber rope 3 for use in an elevator installation is in FIG. 2 shown. The synthetic fiber rope 3 comprises at least two ropes 14 and 15 of synthetic fiber strands 20, 22, 24, and 20, 21, 23, which are designed for the absorption of force in the longitudinal direction. The ropes 14, 15 are arranged along the longitudinal direction 16 of the synthetic fiber rope 3 at a distance 19 parallel to each other. By a common cable sheath 17, the ropes 14, 15 are rotationally fixed against each other. The cable sheath 17 forms a parallel to the longitudinal direction of the synthetic fiber rope 3 extending web 18 between the two cables. According to the invention, the synthetic fiber rope 3 comprises a reinforcing element 9 for mechanically reinforcing the cable sheath 17. In the embodiment shown, the reinforcing element 9 is arranged in the region of the web 18 and runs parallel to the longitudinal direction 16 of the cable 3.

As material for the mentioned reinforcing elements, materials suitable for structural reinforcements, for example aramid, polyester, glass fibers, carbon fibers or the like, are generally suitable.

In the context of the present invention, a twin rope can be used as a synthetic fiber rope 3, as for example in the aforementioned European Patent Application EP 1 061 172 A2 is described. Such a twin rope may be composed of two mutually parallel arranged parallel to each other synthetic fiber ropes 14 and 15, which are fixed by means of a surrounding them together cable sheath 17 in position relative to each other and in particular rotationally. The ropes 14, 15 may be twisted cables made by twisting rope cords in two or more stages, with two plies 25, 26, 27, 28 or more layers of cable cords 20, 21, 22, 23 in the last stage , 24 are stranded together. According to the invention, the two synthetic ropes 14, 15 differ with respect to their Direction of rotation, typically labeled "S" and "Z". The "S" direction of rotation is a helical twist that follows the shape of the letter "S". Accordingly, it behaves in a stranding with Z-rotation.

For example, in the rope 14, aramid fiber rope yarns with S-twisting can be twisted into Z-twisted strands 22, 24. In a first strand layer 26, five such strands 22 are placed with Z-twist in the snare stroke with S-twist around a core strand 20. Five more of these strands 22 are stranded with five diameter larger strands 24 with Z-rotation in parallel beat to a second strand layer 28. Together they form a twisted two-strand strand rope, namely the rope 14 with S-twist.

The construction of the cable 15 in the embodiment shown is equal to that of the cable 14; but with opposite directions of rotation "S", "Z". Thus, in the rope 15 synthetic fiber rope yarns with Z-twist twisted into strands 21, 23 with S-twist. These S-twist strands 21, 23 are twisted in two layers 25, 27 into the Z-twisted cable 15.

In the second strand layer 27, the larger diameter strands 23 are quasi in the valleys of the first strand layer 25 carrying them, while the five strands 21 lie on the crests of the first strand layer 25 carrying them, thereby filling the gaps between the respectively adjacent larger diameter strands 23. On In this way, the two-layer parallel stranded cables 14, 15 receive a nearly cylindrical outer contour.

As in FIG. 2 can be seen, the entire outer circumference of the cables 14 and 15 of the cable sheath 17 of plastic material is wrapped. The following plastic materials are particularly suitable as cable sheath: rubber, polyurethane, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride or polyamide. The respective elastically deformable plastic material is preferably sprayed or extruded onto the cables 14 and 15 and then compacted thereon. As a result, the cable sheath material penetrates from outside into all intermediate spaces between the strands 22, 24 on the outer circumference and fills them. The thus created binding of the cable sheath 17 to the ropes 14 and 15 is so strong that only slight relative movements between the strands 22, 24 of the cables 14, 15 and the cable sheath 17 occur. The cable sheath 17 defines a distance 19 between the two trailing rope ropes 14, 15 with a bridging connecting web 18, as a torque bridge, the resulting longitudinal load of the synthetic fiber rope 3, caused by the rope construction, oppositely oriented torques of the ropes 14, 15 cancel each other and thus over the total cross section of the synthetic fiber rope 3 creates a torque balance between the sum of all right-handed and left-handed Litzenanteile.

A synthetic fiber rope 3 according to the invention comprises, as part of the cable sheath 17, at least one elongate reinforcing element 9 which extends parallel to the longitudinal direction 16 of the synthetic fiber rope 3. In the in FIG. 2 As shown, the cable sheath 17 together with the two cables 14, 15 forms a dumbbell-shaped arrangement. The elongated reinforcing element 9 is shaped such that it is fitted in one of the recesses on the web 18. The reinforcing element 9 can be placed on the cable sheath 17 or integrated into the cable sheath 17. Preferably, two such reinforcing elements 9 are arranged symmetrically in the mutually opposite recesses in the web area. Particularly suitable is a reinforcing element made of aramid, which improves the transverse strength of the entire synthetic fiber rope 3.

According to a second embodiment FIG. 3 consists of synthetic fiber rope 30 (twin rope) of two in opposite directions of rotation "S", "Z" stranded ropes 31, 32 which are rotationally fixed and fixed in their parallel, spaced position to each other by a common cable sheath 33. Apart from the different rotation direction "S", "Z" of the ropes 31, 32, the twin rope 30 is constructed symmetrically to the rope longitudinal axis (the rope longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing). The ropes 31 and 32 consist in the example shown each of three groups of strands 35, 36, 37 with different diameters. The number of yarns in all the strands 35, 36, 37 of the synthetic fiber rope 30 is the same and depends on the desired diameter of the cables 31, 32 to be manufactured. In the cable 31 of this embodiment, three Z-twisted strands 35 are made into a cable core with S-strands. Twisted strand. Around this rope core around another three strands 36 are stranded in parallel thrust, which create close to the outer contour of the rope core. Finally, the Interspaces between the stranded strands 35, 36 filled on the outer circumference of the rope 31 with strands 37 of the third group. These strands 37 are also stranded in parallel and helical to the cable 31. The structure of the rope 32 differs from the rope 31 exclusively by opposite directions of rotation "S", "Z" of Aramidgarne and strands.

According to the invention, two elongated reinforcing elements 34 are provided which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the synthetic fiber rope 30. The elongated reinforcing elements 34 form an integral part of the cable sheath 33 and are integrated in the area of a web in this cable sheath, that the synthetic fiber rope 30 has a substantially oval cross-section.

In a further embodiment of a synthetic fiber rope according to the invention - as in FIG. 4 shown in highly schematic form - an elongate reinforcing element 49 is provided, which is arranged on the side of a synthetic fiber rope 43, which has the larger radius of curvature when circulating around a pulley 45 of an elevator installation. On this outer side of the synthetic fiber rope 43, the rope undergoes an elongation when it revolves around the sheave 45, which can be limited by the reinforcing element 49 to maximum tensile values, which do not cause damage to the synthetic fiber rope 43 as such. Such an embodiment with reinforcing element arranged on one side is particularly suitable for elevators with a 1: 1 suspension, such as in FIG. 1 shown.

In FIG. 5 an embodiment of a synthetic fiber rope 50 is shown in section, in which the reinforcing element 59, such as a tubular-shaped jacket wraps around the dumbbell-shaped cable sheath of the rope 53. For the sake of simplicity, in FIG. 5 no details of the cable sheath and the inner part of the rope 53 are shown.

In FIG. 6 a further embodiment of a synthetic fiber rope 60 is shown in section. The reinforcing element 69 is wound around the dumbbell-shaped cable sheath of the cable 63 and forms an overlap 68 in a region which extends along the entire longitudinal axis of the synthetic fiber cable 60. For the sake of simplicity are also in FIG. 6 no details of the cable sheath and the inner part of the cable 63 are shown. The overlap 68 is preferably located near one of the recesses located in the region of the web. This ensures that the overlap 68 is slightly set back relative to the two ends of the bar, and thus exposed less.

According to a further embodiment, the fragmentary in FIG. 7 is shown, the synthetic fiber rope 70 has an inner region with fibers 71. These fibers 71 are enveloped by a reinforcing element 79. Preferably, the reinforcing element 79 is sprayed or extruded and then compacted. As a result, the material of the reinforcing element 79 penetrates from the outside into all intermediate spaces between the fibers 71 on the outer circumference and fills them. This ensures an intimate connection. The fibers 71 may also be wrapped with a fibrous material be, which then forms the reinforcing element 79 after an impregnation process. The reinforcing element 79 in turn is surrounded by the cable sheath 77, which preferably has an intimate connection with the reinforcing element 79.

According to a further embodiment, the fragmentary in FIG. 8 is shown, the synthetic fiber rope 80 has an inner region with fibers 81. These fibers 81 are surrounded by a cable sheath 87, in which the reinforcing element 89 is embedded or integrated as a kind of intermediate layer. Also in this embodiment, it is advantageous if the cable sheath 87 and the reinforcing element 89 form an intimate connection with each other.

Preferably, in the embodiments shown, the reinforcing elements are intimately connected to the cable sheath (such as in Figs FIGS. 2, 3 . 4, 5 . 6 or 7 shown) or form an integral part of the cable sheath (such as in FIG. 8 shown), in order to ensure better power transmission or a better force balance under stress.

Preferably, the reinforcing element is elongated and extends longitudinally along the cable sheath.

In a further preferred embodiment of a dumbbell-shaped covered synthetic fiber rope, the reinforcing element is arranged in the region of the web, the is formed between the parallel arranged and spaced ropes.

According to the invention, more than two ropes can each be arranged at a distance from one another, preferably parallel to one another, and encased by a cable sheath with reinforcing element.

According to a further embodiment, the reinforcing element may comprise short fiber pieces (e.g., glass fibers, aramid fibers or the like) integrated into the rope sheath.

Further advantageous embodiments are characterized in that the reinforcing element comprises a woven mat, which is preferably interwoven in different directions, or comprises a fibrous mat, which preferably identifies non-directional fibers, or in that the reinforcing element comprises a meander-shaped wrapping of filaments, wherein the filaments preferably are arranged at different angles to each other. The reinforcing member may also comprise a braided filament assembly wherein the filaments of the filament assembly are loosely or densely interwoven.
According to the invention, the cable sheath may have a dumbbell-shaped, cylindrical, oval, concave, rectangular or wedge-shaped cross-sectional shape.

In a further embodiment, the reinforcing element is designed so that a certain Cracking (for example, by stretching or fatigue) is allowed in the cable sheath. However, the reinforcing element prevents the formation of deep cracks in the cable sheath and thus preserves the integrity of the rope as a whole. In order to control the crack formation or to limit the extent thereof, in particular an embodiment of the in FIG. 8 shown type, in which the reinforcing element is disposed within the cable sheath. The cracking can thereby be limited to the outer region of the cable sheath.

Preferably, the reinforcement according to the invention is designed so that it does not or hardly forms a reinforcement in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal forces should continue to be absorbed mainly by the synthetic fiber strands of the synthetic fiber rope. Preferably, the reinforcement according to the invention serves to increase the alternating bending strength (transverse load) and / or the torsional strength.

The in the FIGS. 2 to 8 the synthetic fiber ropes shown are particularly suitable for driving through a pulley, wherein the power transmission between the pulley and the synthetic fiber rope takes place substantially by friction.

The invention may also be applied to belt-type synthetic fiber ropes, as will be described below with reference to various embodiments. Belt-like synthetic fiber ropes are characterized by the fact that the transmission of force is essentially by positive engagement. For this purpose, either the The disc around which the belt-shaped synthetic fiber rope circulates, teeth, nubs or other protruding elements which engage in corresponding recesses of the belt-like synthetic fiber rope, or the belt-shaped synthetic fiber rope itself has a number of teeth, nubs or other protruding elements with recesses interact with a disk.

According to the invention, a belt-like designed synthetic fiber rope has at least one elongate reinforcing element. This reinforcing element either has recesses which can interact with teeth, nubs or other protruding elements of a disc, or the reinforcing element has teeth, nubs or other protruding elements which can engage in a correspondingly executed disc.

A first elongate reinforcing element 99 is shown in FIG FIG. 9 shown. The illustrated element 99 has a number of uniformly spaced recesses 91. The reinforcing element 99 can either be intimately connected to the cable sheath of a synthetic fiber rope, or it can be integrated into the sheath, but the recesses 91 must be accessible from the outside.
Another elongated reinforcing element 109 is in FIG. 10 shown. The illustrated element 109 has a number of uniformly spaced teeth 101. The reinforcing element 109 can either be intimately connected to the cable sheath of a synthetic fiber rope, or it may be integrated into the cable sheath, the teeth 101 protrude from the cable sheath.

The embodiments according to the invention make it possible to increase the transverse strength of synthetic fiber ropes. This can be improved in particular the bending change performance. Bar breaks or weakenings in the bar area can be avoided.

The invention can be generally applied to hoists such as cranes, material and passenger lifts as well as machines in which forces are transmitted via drivable cables.

Claims (10)

1. Synthetic fibre rope (3; 30; 43; 50; 60; 70; 80), consisting of at least two ropes (14, 15; 31, 32) of synthetic fibre strands (20-28; 35-37; 71; 81), which are designed for absorption of force in longitudinal direction (16) and preferably permit transmission of force by friction couple, wherein the ropes (14, 15; 31, 32) are arranged along the longitudinal direction (16) of the synthetic fibre rope (3; 30; 43; 50; 60; 70; 80) at a spacing (19) from one another and fixed by means of a rope sheathing (17; 33; 17; 87), which forms a web (18) between the two ropes (14, 15; 31, 32), characterised in that the synthetic fibre rope (3; 30; 43; 50; 60; 70; 80) comprises one or more reinforcing elements (9; 34; 49; 59; 69; 79; 89; 99; 109), which extend along the synthetic fibre rope, for mechanical reinforcing of the rope sheathing (17; 33; 77; 87), wherein at least a part of a reinforcing element is mounted on that side of the synthetic fibre rope which has the larger radius of curvature when running around a rope pulley.
2. Synthetic fibre rope (80) according to claim 1, characterised in that that the reinforcing element (89) is an integral component of the rope sheathing (87).
3. Synthetic fibre rope (3; 30; 43; 50; 60; 70; 80) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the reinforcing element (9; 34; 49; 59; 69; 79; 89; 99; 109) is formed to be elongate and extends in the longitudinal direction (16) along the rope sheathing (17; 33; 77; 87).
4. Synthetic fibre rope (60) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the reinforcing element (69) covers the rope sheathing or the reinforcing element (59) engages around the rope sheathing in the manner of a hose.
5. Synthetic fibre rope (3; 30) according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterised in that the reinforcing element comprises one or two strip-shaped elements (9; 34; 99; 109) arranged in the region of the web (18).
6. Synthetic fibre rope (80) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the reinforcing element (89) comprises short fibre pieces integrated in the rope sheathing (87).
7. Synthetic fibre rope ((3; 30; 50; 60; 70; 80) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
   characterised in that the reinforcing element (9, 34; 59; 69; 79; 89; 99; 109) comprises

   - a woven mat preferably woven in different directions or

   - a fibre mat preferably comprising non-directional fibres or

   - a meander-shaped covering of filaments, wherein the filaments are preferably arranged at different angles relative to one another, or

   - a braided filament arrangement, wherein the filaments of the filament arrangement are loosely or tightly braided together.
8. Synthetic fibre rope (50; 60; 70; 80) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the reinforcing element (59; 69; 79; 89) is arranged

   - in the interior of the synthetic fibre rope (70) between the fibres (71) of the respective rope and the rope sheathing (77), or

   - as a layer (89) within the rope sheathing (87), or

   - at the outside of the synthetic fibre rope (50; 60).
9. Synthetic fibre rope (3; 30; 43; 50; 60; 70; 80) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the reinforcing element consists of aramide, polyester, glass fibres, carbon fibres or a material suitable for structural reinforcements.
10. Synthetic fibre rope according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the reinforcing element (99; 109) has

    - a plurality of recesses (91) so designed that they can interact with teeth or other projecting elements of a gearwheel or pinion or

    - a plurality of teeth (101), nubs or other projecting elements so designed that they can interact with recesses of a pulley,

    wherein the force transmission takes place substantially by mechanically positive couple.

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