EP1010803B1 - Device for detecting the end of service life for synthetic fibre ropes - Google Patents

Device for detecting the end of service life for synthetic fibre ropes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1010803B1
EP1010803B1 EP99123810A EP99123810A EP1010803B1 EP 1010803 B1 EP1010803 B1 EP 1010803B1 EP 99123810 A EP99123810 A EP 99123810A EP 99123810 A EP99123810 A EP 99123810A EP 1010803 B1 EP1010803 B1 EP 1010803B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rope
strands
detecting
service life
strand
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP99123810A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1010803A3 (en
EP1010803A2 (en
Inventor
Claudio Dipl.-Ing. De Angelis
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Inventio AG
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Inventio AG
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Priority to EP99123810A priority Critical patent/EP1010803B1/en
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Publication of EP1010803A3 publication Critical patent/EP1010803A3/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D07B1/145—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising elements for indicating or detecting the rope or cable status
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D07B1/148—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising marks or luminous elements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
    • D07B1/025—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics comprising high modulus, or high tenacity, polymer filaments or fibres, e.g. liquid-crystal polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1012—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure
    • D07B2201/1016—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure characterised by the use of different strands
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/1028—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands
    • D07B2201/1036—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands nine or more strands respectively forming multiple layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
    • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
    • D07B2201/1076—Open winding
    • D07B2201/108—Cylinder winding, i.e. S/Z or Z/S
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2071—Spacers
    • D07B2201/2074—Spacers in radial direction
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
    • D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
    • D07B2205/205—Aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
    • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2401/2015—Killing or avoiding twist

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for Discarding maturity detection of synthetic fiber ropes, preferably from aromatic polyamide, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the Stranded rope consists of several layers with each other stranded high-strength synthetic fibers made by a firmly adhering Rope sheath are surrounded.
  • the rope sheath shows abrasive wear as a result of driving or driven ropes due to differences in force the slip caused by the traction sheave.
  • the abrasive wear of the sheath is due to the defined running surface of the ropes in the traction sheave, based on empirical values for Wear condition in relation to the inside of the ropes. Accordingly, as soon as the underlying color is visible, on the maximum permissible inner rope wear closed and the rope is within a given Time to replace.
  • the invention is based on the problem of a device for Detection of the maturity of ropes to show with which the actual wear condition is reliably displayed.
  • the essence of the invention consists in an outward rotation-neutral rope construction, in which between the individual strand layers a reactive torque ratio ensures that the rope is an unstable Takes equilibrium position.
  • the ratio of mutually rotating moments of the rope is designed that weakening of strands by abrasive Wear or other influences on the inside Torque balance disturbs, so that the worn out Rope turns under load during operation about its longitudinal axis, until there is a change in torque ratios corresponding new equilibrium.
  • the turning of the So rope is a sign that the rope is inside Has wear, through which a change in the rope-specific properties, e.g. a loss of Breaking strength, has occurred. Accordingly, the Rope structure change using a suitable device recorded and from there on the reaching of the rope's maturity closed, even simple rope deformations Are signs of inadmissible rope wear.
  • any Form of wear of the rope is very easy to use a twist of the rope can be detected as soon as the weakening of the load-bearing rope structure due to wear determinable extent exceeds. Turning the rope and thus the discard can be done without expensive additional Facilities are found.
  • a friction-reducing intermediate sheath formed between the neighboring counter-stranded concentric Strand layers. It has the advantage that the choice of materials and the Dimensioning of the intermediate jacket the radial distance of the Strand layers chosen to each other and thus that Torque balance can be adjusted. Also can a desired over the durability of the intermediate sheath Lifespan of the rope.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is at the outermost strand layer with a multi-layer strand rope with counterstrike on a parallel stranded multilayer Inside the rope wrapped. It offers the advantage that outermost strand layer bordering rope layer of the one carrying it Rope interior is exposed to maximum transverse stress and consequently the filaments or strands of this strand layer all other damaged areas. This will only make this selected strand layer weakened, while all others Stranded layers still remain intact and sufficient Ensure the remaining residual load capacity of the synthetic fiber rope.
  • the twisting of the rope is in preferred training by means of one on the outer surface of the wear-free Marking applied in the longitudinal direction of the rope indicated by the marking helically around the longitudinal axis of the rope winds.
  • Figure 1 shows a sheathed aramid fiber rope 1 in three concentric layers of tensile strength stranded together or load-bearing aramid fiber strands 2,3,4,5, like it is used, for example, as a driving rope in elevator systems.
  • the aramid fiber rope 1 is essentially composed of one parallel stranded rope core 6 around the invention a top layer 7 is stranded in the counter-lay. Between the Cover layer 7 and the adjacent strand layer 8 of the rope core 6 there is an intermediate jacket 9, preferably made of Polyurethane. Outside, a cable sheath 10 envelops the top layer 7, which is firmly attached to it.
  • an abrasion-resistant paint line 11 for Marking of the rotational position of the aramid fiber rope applied instead of the color line 11, other devices can be provided, which are suitable the rotational position of the Aramid fiber rope 1 to recognize its longitudinal axis 20 and / or to investigate.
  • the Top layer 7 in cooperation with the top layer 7 bordering strand layer 8 of the rope core 6 and the intermediate sheath 9 and the color line 11 together the inventive Device for recognizing the maturity of the aramid fiber rope 1.
  • the rope core 6 is constructed from a core strand 2, around which in a first beat direction 12, for example, five of the same Strands 3 of a first strand layer 13 helically are laid, with which another ten strands 3, 4 one second strand layer 14 in parallel lay under one balanced ratio between fiber and strand lay are stranded.
  • the second strand layer 14 consists of one alternating arrangement of two types of five each same strands 3.4 together.
  • a further five strands 4 are present with the rope cross section larger diameter helical in the valleys of the they carry first strand layer 13, while five strands 3 with Diameter of the strands 3 of the first strand layer 13 on the The tops of the first strand layer 13 carrying them lie and there the gaps between two neighboring ones Fill in larger-diameter strands 4. That way the rope core 6, twisted in parallel, a second Strand 8 with almost circular outer contour, the further Benefits described below in conjunction with the Intermediate jacket 9 offers.
  • the parallel stranding builds under the longitudinal load of the rope 1 of the rope core 6 opposite to the direction of lay 12 directed torque.
  • the top layer 7 here consists of seventeen also load-bearing Aramid fiber strands 5 which are in the first lay direction 12 opposite twisted lay direction 15 are stranded. she builds a torque under longitudinal load of the rope 1, the to that of the parallel stranded rope core 6 is directed in the opposite direction.
  • a balanced aramid fiber rope 1 behaves like this Load is neutral when running over a traction sheave.
  • multiple stranded Stranded layers are formed. With regard to with the Invention achieved advantageous effect, care must be taken that a certain torque ratio of the strand layers is not less than 0.1 to 1.
  • the radial distance between the strand layers mutually decisive factor is determined by the diameter of the strands used, the thickness of the the intermediate sheath described below, the number of Strand layers in the rope core and the number of strands used in the top layer. The latter can, for example, together with non-load-bearing strands should be stranded to the top layer.
  • All strands used for the aramid fiber rope 1 2,3,4,5 are twisted from individual aramid fibers or beaten and with a protective aramid fiber Impregnating agent, for example with polyurethane solution, treated.
  • High-strength synthetic fibers such as aromatic polyamides or aramids with highly oriented Molecular chains have a high load capacity and a low one specific weight. They show because of their atomic However, they have a low elongation at break and are sensitive against occurring transverse loads.
  • This one Material properties are used according to the invention in order to the state of wear of a rope in a simple manner high-strength fibers inside the rope through a visual display determine.
  • the intermediate sheath 9 between the rope core 6 and the cover layer 7 consists of polyurethane or polyester. He is in Pressure spraying process applied to the core 6 and fills all spaces 17, 18 between the strands 3, 4, 5 of the two adjacent strand layers 7.14. This creates an impression Form fit with a large holding surface that leads to the inner Torque transmission between rope core 6 and cover layer 7 is used.
  • the intermediate jacket 9 prevents contact between the Cover layer 7 and the second strand layer 14 and thus wear of the strands 3, 4 and 5 by rubbing them together Run of the rope 1 over a traction sheave, not shown here and the resulting relative movement of the strands 2, 3, 4, 5 among themselves.
  • the thickness of the intermediate jacket 9 is so dimensioned that at maximum permitted rope load, under the lacing force generated by the top layer 7 creates the spaces between the strands 17, 18 are completely filled and a residual jacket thickness 16 of 0.1 mm between strands 3.4 and 5 of the neighboring ones Strand layers 14 and 7 is ensured.
  • the rope sheath 10 made of polyurethane envelops the top layer 7 and ensures the desired coefficient of friction with the traction sheave.
  • the Polyurethane is so resistant to abrasion that when the rope runs 1 over the traction sheave no damage.
  • the rope sheath 10 is extruded in the course of the top layer 7, which flowable plastic material in all gaps 17, 18 of the cover strand layer 7 is pressed and thus a large one Forms adhesive surface.
  • On the outer surface 19 of the Rope sheath 10 is a in the longitudinal direction of the rope 1 running color stroke 11 applied as Reference mark indicates the rotational position of the rope 1 in.
  • other devices can or markers are provided in a suitable form Turn rope 1 to make it recognizable.
  • the color line 11 or the corresponding facility can also directly on the Cover layer 7 may be applied if no cable sheath 10 is provided.
  • Subsequent functioning of the so far described Device for the detection of maturity of synthetic fiber ropes refers to a powered elevator rope Aramid fibers, which is a cabin frame one in one Elevator shaft guided cabin with a counterweight combines. To lift and close the cabin and counterweight lower, the rope runs over a traction sheave by one Drive motor is driven. The drive torque is below The frictional connection in each case over the wrap angle adjacent rope section stamped. The rope is 1 exposed to high transverse stress.
  • the neutral rope 1 according to the invention is without a twist, i.e. without it between the non-rotatable attachment points on the one hand on the cabin and the counterweight on the other its longitudinal axis 20 is twisted, placed over the traction sheave.
  • this serves as a color line 11 trained marking in the longitudinal direction of the rope 1 at the same time as an assembly aid for aligning the rotational position of the Seils 1 relative to a reference point, e.g. to the traction sheave.
  • the rope 1 is expediently provided with such a Orientation that the course of the marker at running rope 1 can be checked visually.
  • the turning of the rope 1 can be recognized visually by the fact that the color line 11 or a corresponding, other Marking in the longitudinal direction of the rope 1, around itself helically the longitudinal axis 20 of the rope 1 winds. Even simple ones Rope deformations are already a sign that the one above called mechanism is present.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Ablegereifeerkennung von Kunstfaserseilen, vorzugsweise aus aromatischem Polyamid, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for Discarding maturity detection of synthetic fiber ropes, preferably from aromatic polyamide, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der EP 0 731 209 A1 ist eine solche Einrichtung zur Erkennung der Ablegereife eines Litzenseils bekannt. Das Litzenseil besteht aus in mehreren Lagen miteinander verseilten hochfesten Kunstfasern, die von einem festhaftenden Seilmantel umgeben sind. Zur Erkennung des maximal zulässigen inneren Seilverschleisses, ist der extrudierte Mantel des Seiles koaxial farblich unterteilt. Der Seilmantel zeigt abrasiven Verschleiss in Folge des bei treibenden beziehungsweise getriebenen Seilen durch Kraftdifferenzen auf der Treibscheibe bedingten Schlupfs. Der abrasive Verschleiss des Mantels wird aufgrund der definierten Lauffläche der Seile in der Treibscheibe, anhand von Erfahrungswerten zum Verschleisszustand im Innern der Seile in Relation gesetzt. Dementsprechend wird sobald die unterhalb liegende Farbe sichtbar ist, auf maximal zulässigen inneren Seilverschleiss geschlossen und das Seil ist innerhalb einer vorgegebenen Verbleibzeit zu ersetzen.Such a device is known from EP 0 731 209 A1 Detection of the readiness for discard of a stranded rope is known. The Stranded rope consists of several layers with each other stranded high-strength synthetic fibers made by a firmly adhering Rope sheath are surrounded. To detect the maximum permissible inner rope wear, is the extruded sheath of the Rope divided coaxially in color. The rope sheath shows abrasive wear as a result of driving or driven ropes due to differences in force the slip caused by the traction sheave. The abrasive wear of the sheath is due to the defined running surface of the ropes in the traction sheave, based on empirical values for Wear condition in relation to the inside of the ropes. Accordingly, as soon as the underlying color is visible, on the maximum permissible inner rope wear closed and the rope is within a given Time to replace.

Mit der insoweit beschriebenen Einrichtung zur Ablegereifeerkennung ist eine Beurteilung des Seilzustandes durch blosse visuelle Kontrolle des Seilmantels einfach durchführbar. Allerdings beruht die mittelbar erhaltene Aussage auf Erfahrungswerten; eine Aussage über den genauen inneren Seilzustand ist damit nicht möglich. Seilverschleiss, beispielsweise durch vorzeitige Materialermüdung, kurzzeitige Überlast oder Fremdeinwirkung bleiben unberücksichtigt. With the facility described so far Discard maturity is an assessment of the rope condition simply by visual inspection of the rope sheath feasible. However, the indirectly received statement is based on empirical values; a statement about the exact inner Rope condition is therefore not possible. rope wear, for example due to premature material fatigue, short-term Overload or external influences are not taken into account.

Der Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, eine Einrichtung zur Erkennung der Ablegereife von Seilen aufzuzeigen, mit welcher der tatsächliche Verschleisszustand zuverlässig angezeigt wird.The invention is based on the problem of a device for Detection of the maturity of ropes to show with which the actual wear condition is reliably displayed.

Zur Lösung des Problems ist die eingangs genannte Einrichtung durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teil des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 weitergebildet.To solve the problem is the facility mentioned above by the characteristics of the characteristic part of the independent Claim 1 further developed.

Das Wesen der Erfindung besteht in einer nach aussen drehungsneutralen Seilkonstruktion, bei der zwischen den einzelnen Litzenlagen ein reaktives Drehmomentenverhältnis dafür sorgt, dass das Seil eine instabile Drehmomentengleichgewichtslage einnimmt. Das Verhältnis von gegeneinander drehenden Momenten des Seils ist so ausgeführt, dass eine Schwächung von Litzenlagen durch abrasiven Verschleiss oder andere Einflüsse das innere Drehmomentengleichgewicht stört, so dass sich das verschlissene Seil unter Last im laufenden Betrieb um seine Längsachse dreht, bis es eine den veränderten Drehmomentenverhältnissen entsprechende neue Gleichgewichtslage einnimmt. Das Drehen des Seils ist also ein Anzeichen dafür, dass das Seil im Innern Verschleiss aufweist, durch den eine Veränderung der seilspezifischen Eigenschaften, wie z.B. ein Verlust der Bruchfestigkeit, eingetreten ist. Dementsprechend wird die Seilgefügeveränderung mittels einer geeigneten Einrichtung erfasst und daraus auf das Erreichen der Ablegereife des Seils geschlossen, wobei auch bereits einfache Seilverformungen ein Zeichen für unzulässigen Seilverschleiss sind.The essence of the invention consists in an outward rotation-neutral rope construction, in which between the individual strand layers a reactive torque ratio ensures that the rope is an unstable Takes equilibrium position. The ratio of mutually rotating moments of the rope is designed that weakening of strands by abrasive Wear or other influences on the inside Torque balance disturbs, so that the worn out Rope turns under load during operation about its longitudinal axis, until there is a change in torque ratios corresponding new equilibrium. The turning of the So rope is a sign that the rope is inside Has wear, through which a change in the rope-specific properties, e.g. a loss of Breaking strength, has occurred. Accordingly, the Rope structure change using a suitable device recorded and from there on the reaching of the rope's maturity closed, even simple rope deformations Are signs of inadmissible rope wear.

Damit ist der Vorteil erzielbar, dass ausgehend von den ohnehin vorhandenen tragenden Kunstfaserlitzen, allein durch die erfindungsgemäss gewählte Art der Verseilung, jegliche auftretende Form von Verschleiss des Seiles ganz einfach anhand einer Verdrehung des Seils erkannt werden kann, sobald die verschleissbedingte Schwächung der tragenden Seilstruktur ein bestimmbares Ausmass übersteigt. Das Drehen des Seiles und somit die Ablegereife können ohne aufwendige zusätzliche Einrichtungen festgestellt werden. Insbesondere ist eine visuelle Kontrolle des Seilzustandes durch das Anbringen einer Referenzmarkierung möglich.The advantage can be achieved that starting from the anyway existing load-bearing synthetic fiber strands, solely through the type of stranding chosen according to the invention, any Form of wear of the rope is very easy to use a twist of the rope can be detected as soon as the weakening of the load-bearing rope structure due to wear determinable extent exceeds. Turning the rope and thus the discard can be done without expensive additional Facilities are found. One is in particular visual control of the rope condition by attaching a Reference marking possible.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist zwischen den benachbarten, im Gegenschlag miteinander verseilten konzentrischen Litzenlagen ein reibungsmindernder Zwischenmantel ausgebildet. Sie hat den Vorteil, dass durch die Materialwahl und die Dimensionierung des Zwischenmantels der radiale Abstand der Litzenlagen zueinander gewählt und damit das Momentengleichgewicht eingestellt werden kann. Ausserdem kann über die Dauerfesigkeit des Zwischenmantels eine gewünschte Lebensdauer des Seils vorgegeben werden. Sobald der Zwischenmantel durch die Längsverschiebungen der äusseren Litzenlage, die aufgrund bei Biegung auftretender Relativbewegungen entstehen, verschlissen ist, kommt es zu einer Punktberührung zwischen den Litze die in entgegengesetzten Richtungen verseilt sind. Wegen des Aneinanderreibens der Litzen, der Schnürkraft unter Zug und der beim Lauf Scheiben auftretenden Pressung, führt die wirkende Querbelastung schliesslich zu Brüchen von Litzen. Nach oben beschriebenem Wirkzusammenhang dreht sich das Seil und zeigt damit an, dass ist die Ablegereife des Seiles erreicht ist.In a further development of the invention, between the neighboring counter-stranded concentric Strand layers a friction-reducing intermediate sheath formed. It has the advantage that the choice of materials and the Dimensioning of the intermediate jacket the radial distance of the Strand layers chosen to each other and thus that Torque balance can be adjusted. Also can a desired over the durability of the intermediate sheath Lifespan of the rope. Once the Intermediate jacket due to the longitudinal displacements of the outer Strand layer, which occurs due to bending Relative movements arise, is worn out, it happens a point contact between the strands in are stranded in opposite directions. Because of the Rubbing the strands together, the lacing force under tension and the The pressure that occurs when the discs run, leads to the effective Finally, transverse loads lead to breaks in strands. Up The described interaction, the rope turns and shows this means that the rope is ready to be discarded.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist bei einem mehrlagigen Litzenseil gezielt die äusserste Litzenlage mit Gegenschlag auf ein parallelverseiltes mehrlagiges Seilinneres gewickelt. Sie bietet den Vorteil, dass die an die äusserste Litzenlage grenzende Seillage des sie tragenden Seilinneren maximaler Querbeanspruchung ausgesetzt ist und infolgedessen die Filamente oder Litzen dieser Litzenlage vor allen anderen Schadstellen aufweisen. Damit wird nur diese ausgewählte Litzenlage geschwächt, während alle übrigen Litzenlagen noch unversehrt bleiben und eine ausreichende verbleibende Resttragkraft des Kunstfaserseiles sicherstellen.In a preferred embodiment of the invention is at the outermost strand layer with a multi-layer strand rope with counterstrike on a parallel stranded multilayer Inside the rope wrapped. It offers the advantage that outermost strand layer bordering rope layer of the one carrying it Rope interior is exposed to maximum transverse stress and consequently the filaments or strands of this strand layer all other damaged areas. This will only make this selected strand layer weakened, while all others Stranded layers still remain intact and sufficient Ensure the remaining residual load capacity of the synthetic fiber rope.

Das Verdrehen des Seils wird in vorzugsweiser Ausbildung mittels einer auf der Aussenoberfläche des verschleissfreien Seils in Längsrichtung verlaufend aufgebrachten Markierung angezeigt, indem sich die Markierung schraubenlinienförmig um die Längsachse des Seiles windet.The twisting of the rope is in preferred training by means of one on the outer surface of the wear-free Marking applied in the longitudinal direction of the rope indicated by the marking helically around the longitudinal axis of the rope winds.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1,
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemässen Einrichtung zur Ablegereifeerkennung,
Figur 2,
eine Querschnittsansicht des in figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Show it:
Figure 1,
2 shows a perspective illustration of a first exemplary embodiment of the device for discarding readiness for discarding,
Figure 2,
a cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in Figure 1.

Figur 1 zeigt ein ummanteltes Aramidfaserseil 1 aus in drei konzentrischen Lagen miteinander verseilter zugfester beziehungsweise tragender Aramidfaserlitzen 2,3,4,5, wie es beispielsweise als Treibseil bei Aufzugsanlagen verwendet wird. Das Aramidfaserseil 1 ist im wesentlichen aufgebaut aus einem parallelverseilten Seilkern 6 um den herum erfindungsgemäss eine Decklage 7 im Gegenschlag verseilt ist. Zwischen der Decklage 7 und der angrenzenden Litzenlage 8 des Seilkerns 6 befindet sich ein Zwischenmantel 9, vorzugsweise aus Polyurethan. Aussen umhüllt ein Seilmantel 10 die Decklage 7, welcher festhaftend mit ihr verbunden ist. Auf dem Seilmantel 10 ist in Längsrichtung über die gesamte Länge des Aramidfaserseils 1 ein abriebfester Farbstrich 11 zur Kennzeichnung der Drehlage des Aramidfaserseils aufgebracht. Anstatt dem Farbstrich 11 können andere Einrichtungen vorgesehen sein, welche geeignet sind die Drehlage des Aramidfaserseils 1 um seine Längsachse 20 zu erkennen und/oder zu ermitteln.Figure 1 shows a sheathed aramid fiber rope 1 in three concentric layers of tensile strength stranded together or load-bearing aramid fiber strands 2,3,4,5, like it is used, for example, as a driving rope in elevator systems. The aramid fiber rope 1 is essentially composed of one parallel stranded rope core 6 around the invention a top layer 7 is stranded in the counter-lay. Between the Cover layer 7 and the adjacent strand layer 8 of the rope core 6 there is an intermediate jacket 9, preferably made of Polyurethane. Outside, a cable sheath 10 envelops the top layer 7, which is firmly attached to it. On the rope sheath 10 is in the longitudinal direction over the entire length of the Aramid fiber rope 1 an abrasion-resistant paint line 11 for Marking of the rotational position of the aramid fiber rope applied. Instead of the color line 11, other devices can be provided, which are suitable the rotational position of the Aramid fiber rope 1 to recognize its longitudinal axis 20 and / or to investigate.

Bei dem hier beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel bilden die Decklage 7 im Zusammenwirken mit der an die Decklage 7 grenzenden Litzenlage 8 des Seilkerns 6 und dem Zwischenmantel 9 sowie der Farbstrich 11 gemeinsam die erfindungsgemässe Einrichtung zur Erkennung der Ablegereife des Aramidfaserseils 1.In the embodiment described here, the Top layer 7 in cooperation with the top layer 7 bordering strand layer 8 of the rope core 6 and the intermediate sheath 9 and the color line 11 together the inventive Device for recognizing the maturity of the aramid fiber rope 1.

Der Seilkern 6 ist aufgebaut aus einer Kernlitze 2 , um die in einer ersten Schlagrichtung 12 beispielsweise fünf gleiche Litzen 3 einer ersten Litzenlage 13 schraubenlinienförmig gelegt sind, mit denen hier weitere zehn Litzen 3, 4 einer zweiten Litzenlage 14 im Parallelschlag unter einem ausgewogenen Verhältnis zwischen Faser- und Litzenschlagdrehung verseilt sind. Die zweite Litzenlage 14 setzt sich aus einer abwechselnden Anordnung von zwei Arten von jeweils fünf gleichen Litzen 3,4 zusammen. Wie der in Figur 2 dargestellte Seilquerschnitt zeigt, liegen weitere fünf Litzen 4 mit grösserem Durchmesser schraubenlienenförmig in den Tälern der sie tragenden ersten Litzenlage 13, während fünf Litzen 3 mit Durchmesser der Litzen 3 der ersten Litzenlage 13 auf den Kuppen der sie tragenden ersten Litzenlage 13 liegen und dabei die Lücken zwischen jeweils zwei benachbarten durchmessergrösseren Litzen 4 ausfüllen. Auf diese Weise erhält der zweifach parallel verseilte Seilkern 6 eine zweite Litzenlage 8 mit nahezu kreisförmiger Aussenkontur, die weiter unten beschriebene Vorteile im Zusammenwirken mit dem Zwischenmantel 9 bietet.The rope core 6 is constructed from a core strand 2, around which in a first beat direction 12, for example, five of the same Strands 3 of a first strand layer 13 helically are laid, with which another ten strands 3, 4 one second strand layer 14 in parallel lay under one balanced ratio between fiber and strand lay are stranded. The second strand layer 14 consists of one alternating arrangement of two types of five each same strands 3.4 together. Like the one shown in Figure 2 A further five strands 4 are present with the rope cross section larger diameter helical in the valleys of the they carry first strand layer 13, while five strands 3 with Diameter of the strands 3 of the first strand layer 13 on the The tops of the first strand layer 13 carrying them lie and there the gaps between two neighboring ones Fill in larger-diameter strands 4. That way the rope core 6, twisted in parallel, a second Strand 8 with almost circular outer contour, the further Benefits described below in conjunction with the Intermediate jacket 9 offers.

Unter Längsbelastung des Seils 1 baut die Parallelverseilung des Seilkerns 6 ein zur Schlagrichtung 12 entgegengesetzt gerichtetes Drehmoment auf.The parallel stranding builds under the longitudinal load of the rope 1 of the rope core 6 opposite to the direction of lay 12 directed torque.

Die Decklage 7 besteht hier aus siebzehn ebenfalls tragenden Aramidfaserlitzen 5, die in zur ersten Schlagrichtung 12 entgegengesetzter zweiter Schlagrichtung 15 verseilt sind. Sie baut unter Längsbelastung des Seils 1 ein Drehmoment auf, das zu demjenigen des parallelverseilten Seilkerns 6 entgegengesetzt gerichtet ist.The top layer 7 here consists of seventeen also load-bearing Aramid fiber strands 5 which are in the first lay direction 12 opposite twisted lay direction 15 are stranded. she builds a torque under longitudinal load of the rope 1, the to that of the parallel stranded rope core 6 is directed in the opposite direction.

Die verschiedenen Litzenlagen 13,14 des Seilkerns 6 und der Decklage 7 müssen unabhängig von deren Anzahl und Ausführung so aufeinander abgestimmt sein, dass sich ihre zueinander entgegengesetzt gerichteten Drehmomente gegenseitig aufheben. Ein derart ausbalanciertes Aramidfaserseil 1 verhält sich unter Last beim Lauf über eine Treibscheibe nach aussen drehneutral. Über das vorstehend beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel hinaus, können ein oder mehrere jeweils im Gegenschlag zu der sie tragenden Litzenlage, koaxial verseilte Decklitzenlagen vorgesehen werden. Ferner können mehrfachverseilte Decklitzenlagen ausgebildet werden. Im Hinblick auf die mit der Erfindung erzielten vorteilhaften Wirkung ist darauf zu achten, dass von den Litzenlagen ein bestimmtes Drehmomentenverhältnis zwischen 0,1 bis 1 nicht unterschritten wird.The different strand layers 13, 14 of the rope core 6 and the Top layer 7 must be so regardless of their number and design be matched to each other cancel opposite torques. A balanced aramid fiber rope 1 behaves like this Load is neutral when running over a traction sheave. Beyond the exemplary embodiment described above, can one or more each counter-strike to which they load-bearing strand layer, coaxially stranded top strand layers be provided. Furthermore, multiple stranded Stranded layers are formed. With regard to with the Invention achieved advantageous effect, care must be taken that a certain torque ratio of the strand layers is not less than 0.1 to 1.

Als Möglichkeit zur Ausbalacierung des inneren Momentengleichgewichtes ist der radiale Abstand der Litzenlagen zueinander massgebender Faktor. Dieser Abstand ist bestimmt durch den Durchmesser der verwendeten Litzen, die Dicke des nachfolgende beschriebenen Zwischenmantels, die Anzahl der Litzenlagen im Seilkern sowie die Zahl der verwendeten Litzen in der Decklage. Letztere können beispielsweise zusammen mit nichttragenden Litzen zur Decklage verseilt sein.As a way to balance the inner Equilibrium of moments is the radial distance between the strand layers mutually decisive factor. This distance is determined by the diameter of the strands used, the thickness of the the intermediate sheath described below, the number of Strand layers in the rope core and the number of strands used in the top layer. The latter can, for example, together with non-load-bearing strands should be stranded to the top layer.

Sämtliche für das Aramidfaserseil 1 verwendete tragende Litzen 2,3,4,5 werden aus einzelnen Aramidfasern gedreht oder geschlagen und mit einem die Aramidfasern schützenden Imprägnierungsmittel, beispielsweise mit Polyurethanlösung, behandelt. Hochfeste Kunstfasern, wie beispielsweise aromatische Polyamide oder Aramiden mit hochgradig orientierten Molekülketten weisen eine hohe Tragfähigkeit und ein geringes spezifisches Gewicht auf. Sie zeigen aufgrund ihres atomaren Aufbaus jedoch eine geringe Bruchdehnung und sind empfindlich gegen auftretende Querbeanspruchung. Gerade diese Materialeigenschaften werden gemäss der Erfindung genutzt, um auf einfache Weise den Verschleisszustand eines Seiles aus hochfesten Fasern im Seilinnern durch eine visuelle Anzeige festzustellen.All strands used for the aramid fiber rope 1 2,3,4,5 are twisted from individual aramid fibers or beaten and with a protective aramid fiber Impregnating agent, for example with polyurethane solution, treated. High-strength synthetic fibers, such as aromatic polyamides or aramids with highly oriented Molecular chains have a high load capacity and a low one specific weight. They show because of their atomic However, they have a low elongation at break and are sensitive against occurring transverse loads. This one Material properties are used according to the invention in order to the state of wear of a rope in a simple manner high-strength fibers inside the rope through a visual display determine.

Der Zwischenmantel 9 zwischen dem Seilkern 6 und der Decklage 7 besteht aus Polyurethan oder Polyester. Er ist im Druckspritzverfahren auf den Seilkern 6 aufgebracht und füllt alle Zwischenräume 17,18 zwischen den Litzen 3,4,5 der beiden angrenzenden Litzenlagen 7,14 aus. Dadurch bildet sich ein Formschluss mit einer grossen Haltefläche aus, der zur inneren Momentenübertragung zwischen Seilkern 6 und Decklage 7 dient. Der Zwischenmantel 9 verhindert einen Kontakt zwischen der Decklage 7 und der zweiten Litzenlage 14 und damit Verschleiss der Litzen 3,4 und 5 durch gegenseitiges Aneinanderreiben beim Lauf des Seils 1 über eine hier nicht dargestellte Treibscheibe und der dabei auftretenden Relativbewegung der Litzen 2,3,4,5 untereinander. Die Dicke des Zwischenmantels 9 ist so dimensioniert, dass bei maximal zulässiger Seillast, unter der von der Decklage 7 erzeugte Schnürkraft die Litzenzwischenräume 17,18 vollständig aufgefüllt sind und eine Restmanteldicke 16 von 0,1 mm zwischen Litzen 3,4 und 5 der benachbarten Litzenlagen 14 und 7 sichergestellt ist.The intermediate sheath 9 between the rope core 6 and the cover layer 7 consists of polyurethane or polyester. He is in Pressure spraying process applied to the core 6 and fills all spaces 17, 18 between the strands 3, 4, 5 of the two adjacent strand layers 7.14. This creates an impression Form fit with a large holding surface that leads to the inner Torque transmission between rope core 6 and cover layer 7 is used. The intermediate jacket 9 prevents contact between the Cover layer 7 and the second strand layer 14 and thus wear of the strands 3, 4 and 5 by rubbing them together Run of the rope 1 over a traction sheave, not shown here and the resulting relative movement of the strands 2, 3, 4, 5 among themselves. The thickness of the intermediate jacket 9 is so dimensioned that at maximum permitted rope load, under the lacing force generated by the top layer 7 creates the spaces between the strands 17, 18 are completely filled and a residual jacket thickness 16 of 0.1 mm between strands 3.4 and 5 of the neighboring ones Strand layers 14 and 7 is ensured.

Der Seilmantel 10 aus Polyurethan umhüllt die Decklage 7 und gewährleistet den gewünschten Reibwert zur Treibscheibe. Das Polyurethan ist so abriebfest, dass beim Lauf des Seils 1 über die Treibscheibe keine Beschädigungen auftreten. Der Seilmantel 10 wird im Durchlauf auf die Decklage 7 extrudiert, wobei das fliessfähige Kunststoffmaterial in sämtliche Zwischenräume 17,18 der Decklitzenlage 7 gepresst wird und so eine grosse Haftfläche ausbildet. Auf der Aussenoberfläche 19 des Seilmantels 10 ist ein in Längsrichtung des Seils 1 verlaufender Farbstrich 11 aufgebracht, der als Referenzmarkierung die Drehlage des Seils 1 in kennzeichnet. Anstatt des Farbstrichs 11 , können auch andere Einrichtungen oder Markierung vorgesehen werden, die in geeigneter Form ein Drehen des Seiles 1 erkennbar machen. Der Farbstrich 11 bzw. die dementsprechende Einrichtung können auch direkt auf die Decklage 7 aufgebracht sein, falls kein Seilmantel 10 vorgesehen ist.The rope sheath 10 made of polyurethane envelops the top layer 7 and ensures the desired coefficient of friction with the traction sheave. The Polyurethane is so resistant to abrasion that when the rope runs 1 over the traction sheave no damage. The rope sheath 10 is extruded in the course of the top layer 7, which flowable plastic material in all gaps 17, 18 of the cover strand layer 7 is pressed and thus a large one Forms adhesive surface. On the outer surface 19 of the Rope sheath 10 is a in the longitudinal direction of the rope 1 running color stroke 11 applied as Reference mark indicates the rotational position of the rope 1 in. Instead of the color line 11, other devices can or markers are provided in a suitable form Turn rope 1 to make it recognizable. The color line 11 or the corresponding facility can also directly on the Cover layer 7 may be applied if no cable sheath 10 is provided.

Nachfolgende Funktionsweise der insoweit beschriebenen Einrichtung zur Ablegereifeerkennung von Kunstfaserseilen bezieht sich auf ein angetriebenes Aufzugsseil aus Aramidfasern, welches einen Kabinenrahmen einer in einem Aufzugsschacht geführten Kabine mit einem Gegengewicht verbindet. Um die Kabine und das Gegengewicht zu heben und zu senken, läuft das Seil über eine Treibscheibe, die von einem Antriebsmotor angetrieben ist. Das Antriebsmoment wird unter Reibschluss dem jeweils über den Umschlingungswinkel anliegenden Seilabschnitt aufgeprägt. Dabei ist das Seil 1 grosser Querspannung ausgesetzt.Subsequent functioning of the so far described Device for the detection of maturity of synthetic fiber ropes refers to a powered elevator rope Aramid fibers, which is a cabin frame one in one Elevator shaft guided cabin with a counterweight combines. To lift and close the cabin and counterweight lower, the rope runs over a traction sheave by one Drive motor is driven. The drive torque is below The frictional connection in each case over the wrap angle adjacent rope section stamped. The rope is 1 exposed to high transverse stress.

Das erfindungsgemäss drehneutrale Treibseil 1 ist ohne Drall, d.h. ohne dass es zwischen den drehfesten Befestigungspunkten einerseits an der Kabine und dem Gegengewicht andererseits um seine Längsachse 20 verdreht ist, über die Treibscheibe gelegt. Bei der Montage des Seils 1 dient die hier als Farbstrich 11 ausgebildete Markierung in Längsrichtung des Seils 1 gleichzeitig als Montagehilfe zum Ausrichten der Drehlage des Seils 1 relativ zu einem Referenzpunkt, z.B. zur Treibscheibe. Zweckmässigerweise ist das Seil 1 mit einer derartigen Orientierung montiert, dass der Verlauf der Markierung bei laufendem Seil 1 visuelle kontrolliert werden kann. The neutral rope 1 according to the invention is without a twist, i.e. without it between the non-rotatable attachment points on the one hand on the cabin and the counterweight on the other its longitudinal axis 20 is twisted, placed over the traction sheave. When installing the rope 1, this serves as a color line 11 trained marking in the longitudinal direction of the rope 1 at the same time as an assembly aid for aligning the rotational position of the Seils 1 relative to a reference point, e.g. to the traction sheave. The rope 1 is expediently provided with such a Orientation that the course of the marker at running rope 1 can be checked visually.

Beim Umlenken des Seils 1 auf der Treibscheibe unter Last führen die Litzen 2,3,4,5 Relativbewegungen aus, um Zugspannungsunterschiede auszugleichen. Diese Relativbewegungen sind in der äusseren Litzenlage 7,14 am grössten und nehmen zur Kernlize 2 hin ab. In Folge der Längsverschiebungen der Litzen 5 der Decklage 7 als eine mögliche Verschleissursache wird der zwischen der äussersten und inneren Litzenlage angebrachte, ansonsten einen Kontakt der Litzen der unterschiedlicher Lagen verhindernde Zwischenmantel 9 abgerieben und zerschlissen. Der Zeitpunkt, an dem der Zwischenmantel 9 zerschlissen ist, kann über Biegewechselfestigkeit des Zwischenmantels 9 konstruktiv festgelegt werden.When deflecting the rope 1 on the traction sheave under load perform the strands 2,3,4,5 relative movements to Compensate for tension differences. These relative movements are largest in the outer strand layer 7.14 and increase Kernlize 2 down. As a result of the longitudinal displacements of the strands 5 of the top layer 7 as a possible cause of wear attached between the outermost and inner layer of strands, otherwise a contact of the strands of the different layers preventing intermediate jacket 9 rubbed and torn. The Point in time at which the intermediate jacket 9 is worn out constructive about fatigue strength of the intermediate jacket 9 be determined.

Sobald der Zwischenmantel 9 durch die Längsverschiebungen der Litzen 5 der Decklage 7 verschlissen ist, kommt es zu einer Punktberührung zwischen den Litze 3,4 und 5 der Gegenschlagverseilung. Das Aneinanderreiben der Litzen 3,4,5 der Litzenlagen 7,14, die Pressung und die aufgrund der Schnürkraft der äusseren Litzenlage, nämlich der Decklage 7, wirkende Querbelastung führen schliesslich zu Brüchen der Litzen 3,4 der zweiten Litzenlage 14. Dadurch ist die zweite Litzenlage 14 geschwächt und baut unter Seilbelastung ein deutlich kleineres oder gar kein Drehmoment mehr auf. Dies wiederum führt zu dazu, dass das innere Drehmomentengleichgewicht gestört ist und sich das verschlissene Seil 1 im laufenden Betrieb um seine Längsachse 20 so weit dreht, bis es eine den veränderten Drehmomentenverhältnissen entsprechende neue Gleichgewichtslage eingenommen hat.As soon as the intermediate jacket 9 by the longitudinal displacements of the Strands 5 of the top layer 7 is worn, there is a Point contact between the strands 3, 4 and 5 of the Gegenschlagverseilung. The rubbing together of the strands 3,4,5 of the strand layers 7.14, the pressure and due to the Lacing force of the outer strand layer, namely the top layer 7, acting transverse loads ultimately lead to breaks in the Strands 3, 4 of the second strand layer 14. This makes the second Strand layer 14 weakened and installed under rope load significantly less or no torque at all. This in turn leads to the inner Torque balance is disturbed and that worn rope 1 during operation around its longitudinal axis 20 until it changes one Torque ratios corresponding to new equilibrium has taken.

Das Drehen des Seiles 1 ist visuell daran zu erkennen, dass sich der Farbstrich 11 oder eine dementsprechende, andere Markierung in Längsrichtung des Seiles 1, sich helixartig um die Längsachse 20 des Seiles 1 windet. Auch einfache Seilverformungen sind bereits ein Zeichen, dass der oben genannte Mechanismus vorliegt. The turning of the rope 1 can be recognized visually by the fact that the color line 11 or a corresponding, other Marking in the longitudinal direction of the rope 1, around itself helically the longitudinal axis 20 of the rope 1 winds. Even simple ones Rope deformations are already a sign that the one above called mechanism is present.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1-1-
Seilrope
2-2
Litzebraid
3-3
Litzebraid
4-4
Litzebraid
5-5
Litzebraid
6-6
Seilkernrope core
7-7-
Decklagetopsheet
8-8th-
Litzenlagestrand
9-9-
Zwischenmantelintermediate casing
10-10-
Seilmantelcable casing
11-11-
Farbstrichcolor line
12-12-
erste Schlagrichtungfirst stroke direction
13-13-
erste Litzenlagefirst strand layer
14-14-
zweite Litzenlagesecond strand layer
15-15
zweite Schlagrichtungsecond stroke direction
16-16-
RestmanteldickeRest shell thickness
17-17-
LitzenzwischenraumLitzenzwischenraum
18-18-
LitzenzwischenraumLitzenzwischenraum
19-19-
AussenoberflächeOutside surface
2020
-Längsachse-Längsachse

Claims (5)

  1. Device for detecting the end of the service life of a synthetic fiber rope (1) constructed of at least two concentric layers of strands (7, 14) laid together and made from load-bearing aramide fiber strands (3, 4, 5), which has a service life dependent on the load on the rope, with an indicating device for indicating the end of the service life, and at least two adjacent concentric layers of strands (7, 14) which are laid in opposite directions to each other,
    characterized in that
    the indicating device is provided as a device (11) for detecting the rotational position of the rope (1) about its longitudinal axis (20).
  2. Device for detecting the end of the service life according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that an interssheath (9) is constructed between the adjacent concentric layers of strands (7, 14) which are laid in opposite directions to each other.
  3. Device for detecting the end of the service life according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that a covering layer (7) is laid on a parallel laid rope core in a direction opposite to that of the rope core.
  4. Device for detecting the end of the service life according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that the device (11) for detecting the rotational position of the rope (1) is of visual nature.
  5. Device for detecting the end of the service life according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the device (11) for detecting the rotational position of the rope (1) takes the form of marking (11) on the external surface of the rope (19) along the length of the rope (1).
EP99123810A 1998-12-07 1999-12-01 Device for detecting the end of service life for synthetic fibre ropes Expired - Lifetime EP1010803B1 (en)

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EP98811203 1998-12-07
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JP6567174B2 (en) * 2016-05-13 2019-08-28 三菱電機株式会社 Elevator rope and rope twist state detector
CN106480759B (en) * 2016-09-23 2019-05-07 成都九十度工业产品设计有限公司 A kind of hawser protector for building
EP3299331B1 (en) 2016-09-26 2020-03-18 National Oilwell Varco Norway AS Fibre rope, hoisting system with such a fibre rope, and method for operating said hoisting system
US11459209B2 (en) * 2017-11-10 2022-10-04 Otis Elevator Company Light weight load bearing member for elevator system
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CN109111872A (en) * 2018-07-28 2019-01-01 安徽禹王防水建材有限公司 A kind of no-wadding adhesive polymer modified asphalt waterproof roll
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EG22017A (en) 2002-06-30
PT1010803E (en) 2003-10-31
US6247359B1 (en) 2001-06-19
EP1010803A3 (en) 2000-12-13
KR100629661B1 (en) 2006-09-28
DE59905634D1 (en) 2003-06-26
TR199902986A3 (en) 2000-07-21
IL133050A (en) 2003-12-10
HK1029607A1 (en) 2001-04-06
AR021579A1 (en) 2002-07-24
TR199902986A2 (en) 2000-07-21
EP1010803A2 (en) 2000-06-21
AU6315999A (en) 2000-06-08
CN1256412A (en) 2000-06-14
CA2291582A1 (en) 2000-06-07
ES2200459T3 (en) 2004-03-01
NO996013D0 (en) 1999-12-07
CN1108519C (en) 2003-05-14
JP4493766B2 (en) 2010-06-30
BR9907454B1 (en) 2009-01-13
JP2000170082A (en) 2000-06-20
NO313886B1 (en) 2002-12-16
KR20000047940A (en) 2000-07-25
ZA997230B (en) 2000-05-22
CA2291582C (en) 2007-04-10
DK1010803T3 (en) 2003-09-01
IL133050A0 (en) 2001-03-19
NO996013L (en) 2000-06-08
ATE241032T1 (en) 2003-06-15
BR9907454A (en) 2000-11-07
AU751197B2 (en) 2002-08-08

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