EP2913288A1 - Support for an elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a carrying means (1) consisting of at least two ropes (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 5a, 5b, 5c) for absorbing force in the longitudinal direction and a cable sheath (2), wherein the ropes in a common plane in the cable sheath are arranged so that the cable sheath encloses the cables. In this case, at least one region of the carrying means has a reduced cutting capacity compared to other regions of the carrying means. By deliberately reducing the cuttability of at least one region of the carrying means, a wanton or intentional damage to the carrying means can be minimized or even prevented with a cutting tool.

Description

The invention relates to a carrying means for an elevator, comprising at least two ropes for absorbing force in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a carrier.

Conventional elevator systems comprise an elevator car, which is connected by means of a carrying means via a drive system with a counterweight. The carrying means are usually steel ropes or plastic fiber ropes, or a combination of steel and plastic fiber ropes, wherein the plastic fiber ropes wrapped with an elastomeric layer and the support means may have different shapes. The ropes may preferably be formed as strands or ropes made of steel wires or plastic fibers. They are conventionally arranged in the neutral fiber of the carrier cross-section in which only slight tensile or compressive stresses occur when looping around a pulley.

A requirement from the customer side and due to legal requirements is to increase the safety of the elevator installation steadily, in particular in the event of potential vandalism or deliberate sabotage of the elevator installation by unauthorized third parties. In addition to ensuring a hermetic completion of the elevator system with safety systems to prevent unauthorized access by third parties, immediate safety aspects of the elevator system will also be the focus of interest in the future. Here is a major interest in the protection of the carrier against wanton or intentional damage or even a severance of the carrier by cutting tools by unauthorized third parties.

Carriers with steel cables can be thermally affected or even severed in the event of deliberate or deliberate damage by unauthorized third parties with the help of ironworking equipment such as bolt cutters, mechanically or with a cutting torch. Carrying means with an elastomeric cable sheath and plastic fiber ropes can be at least mechanically impaired with a very sharp cutting tool with great effort.

The EP 2 154 097 B1 describes a belt for an elevator installation with a first sub-belt made of a first material, in which a tensile carrier arrangement with at least one Zugträger of steel wire or steel wire strands or steel wire ropes is arranged, and a second sub-belt of a second, different from the first material material. Preferably, the first material comprises at least one thermoplastic such as polyamide.

The EP 1 930 496 A2 discloses a plastic fiber rope with rope tamper detection wherein the indicator yarn is comprised of indicator fibers and plastic fibers and the indicator yarn fibers are inferior in loading to the plastic fibers of the strands. By means of the disclosed invention, the wear of the rope in daily operation can be detected very well. A wanton or targeted damage to the plastic fiber rope can not be prevented so.

From the EP 1 905 892 A2 a plastic fiber rope with spaced strands in a strand layer is known, wherein with the mutual spacing, the strands of the outer strand layer move in the direction of the cable center and thus can exert a radial pressure on the strands of the first inner strand layer. The radial pressure is transmitted from the strands of the second inner strand layer to the strands of the first inner layer of strands and further to the core strand. The radial pressure increases from strand layer to strand layer inwards. However, a cut with a high force performed by a cutting tool can generate such short radial forces around the interface in the plastic fiber rope, that there is the possibility that the plastic fiber rope these radial forces could not be derived and therefore sustainably damaged.

The EP 1 416 082 B1 discloses a plastic fiber rope with at least two ropes of plastic fiber strands designed for longitudinal force absorption. The ropes are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the plastic fiber rope at a distance parallel to each other. By a common cable sheath, the ropes are rotationally fixed against each other. The cable sheath forms a web running parallel to the longitudinal direction of the plastic fiber rope between the two cables, wherein the plastic fiber rope has a reinforcing element for increasing the transverse strength of the plastic fiber rope, which is arranged in the region of the web and parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rope. However, increased protection of the inner region of the plastic fiber rope by using a reinforcing element against deliberate or targeted damage by a high-powered out cutting tool is not readily given.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a support means that does not have the aforementioned disadvantages and provides effective protection of the interior or the ropes of the carrier against wanton or targeted damage by cutting tools or at least a wanton or targeted damage by cutting tools compared to conventionally used carrier minimized.

To solve the above object, a carrying means according to the features of the main claim, and a manufacturing method of the carrying means are proposed. In this case, a support means, consisting of at least two ropes for receiving power in the longitudinal direction and a cable sheath is provided. The cables are arranged in a common plane in the cable sheath, so that the cable sheath encloses the cables, wherein at least a portion of the cable sheath has a reduced compared to other areas of the cable sheathing cutability. Characterized in that according to the present invention, the cutting ability of a particular outer region of the cable sheath is deliberately reduced, a wanton or targeted damage with a cutting tool this area of the cable sheath can be prevented or at least minimized.

Cuttability in the sense of the present invention is the ability of a material to withstand the cutting pressure of the cutting tool and thus a splitting and cracking effect of the material and is dependent on the type of cutting, the cutting speed and the surface finish of the cutting edge of the cutting tool.

In an advantageous embodiment of the carrying means, at least one cable is a plastic fiber rope consisting of plastic fiber strands and the plastic fiber rope is designed to absorb the force in the longitudinal direction. Plastic fiber ropes (density: 1,440kg / m ³ , modulus of elasticity: 80,000N / mm ² , modulus of elasticity cord: 40,000N / mm ² , strength: <4,000N / mm ² , elongation at break: <5%) are characterized by high Strengths at low weight compared to steel cables (density: 7,850kg / m ³ , modulus of elasticity: 210,000N / mm ² , modulus of elasticity cord: 130,000N / mm ² , strength: <2,800N / mm ² , elongation at break: <2,8% ) and are conventionally used as bundles of plastic fiber ropes in elevator installations. Steel cables have only a higher transverse rigidity in comparison to plastic fiber cables.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the support means is provided that a reinforcing element with reduced cuttability is part of the cable sheath. Although reveals the EP 1 416 082 B2 a reinforcing element for increasing the transverse stiffness of the support belt with a number of plastic fiber ropes, which, however, no explicit protection due to a offers reduced cuttability against wanton or intentional damage by cutting tools. Due to the further development of a reinforcing element according to the EP 1 416 082 B2 which, on the one hand, is known to have an increased transverse rigidity to the mechanical properties of a single plastic fiber rope, and on the other hand according to the present invention now comprises a reduced cuttability, effective protection against deliberate and deliberate damage by cutting tools can be provided.

Advantageously, it is likewise provided that at least one cable with reduced cuttability, preferably a steel cable, is arranged as at least one outer cable in an outer region of the cable sheath. Advantageously, in each case a rope with reduced cuttability is arranged as a respective outer steel cable in different outer regions of the cable sheath and the cables relative to the transverse plane in a plane. By this arrangement of steel cables in the outer regions of the cable sheath sustainable damage to the inner core of the cable sheath can be prevented by a cutting tool. The carrying means is constructed with an even or odd number of ropes or cords. The steel cables are each arranged in the outer position. So you come across an attempted severing immediately to an extreme resistance, so that so the cuttability is reduced in this area of the rope sheath.

It is considered advantageous that the cross section and the modulus of elasticity of each cable can be adjusted and thus the rigidity for each rope used within the cable sheath can be predetermined. Preferably, the stiffnesses are the same for each rope used in the cable sheath due to the respective combined adjustment of the cross-section and elastic modulus. By incorporating the parallel ropes in an elastomer sheathing of the rope sheath, all ropes experience the same elongation under the influence of load. This means that the first material 1 with the largest modulus of elasticity takes on the highest percentage of support and thus also has the highest stress; the second material 2 with the smaller modulus of elasticity also has the smaller supporting portion. The strain ΔL = ΔF * L / (A ₁ * E ₁ ) = ΔF * L / (A ₂ * E ₂ ) is then the same for all ropes or cords. This means that the stiffness of the cords A _i ^* E ₁ = A ₂ * E ₂ must be, and thus the stiffness is defined by the cross section and the modulus of elasticity. It is thus possible to adapt the cross section (degree of filling) for the different materials, as well as to change the modulus of elasticity by means of different lay lengths in such a way that an equalization of the different materials takes place.

If the steel ropes and synthetic fiber ropes differ in diameter due to the equalization of the stiffness, care must be taken when covering the ropes that the rope centers lie in a common plane. This is necessary so that the ropes do not experience different tangential forced thrust forces when bent over rollers. The lying over the ropes elastomer thickness of the cable sheath can be chosen freely and is different depending on the respective inner steel or plastic fiber ropes. If the thickness is too low above and below the respective cable, the shrinkage behavior adversely affects the shape and structure of the cable sheath. Another disadvantage with too small thickness is when running over a disc of the drive system that the elastomer of the cable sheath is pressed during operation and can fail prematurely. Polyether rope sheaths are therefore preferred.

In one embodiment, it is further provided that the cutting strength is reduced in a region of the cable sheath by the addition of chemical components by the chemical properties with respect to the cutting resistance of this portion of the cable sheath by the chemical components are changeable. In particular, in the context of the manufacturing process of the cable sheath of the carrying means, for example, it is provided that chemical components are added to the selected regions of the still liquid elastomeric cable sheath and the chemical-mechanical properties will change such that after the curing process, the thus chemically altered regions of the sheath have a reduced ability to be cut exhibit. In addition or in combination, it is also provided that the cutting strength in a region of the cable sheath can be reduced by adding mechanical components by modifying the mechanical properties with regard to the cutting resistance of this region of the cable sheath by combining the mechanical components with the mechanical properties of the cable sheath. In particular, filaments, metallic elements such as steel, resistant fibers such as ceramic fibers, or small iron parts may preferably be used as mechanical components. By means of these mechanical components in the cable sheath, a cutting tool can penetrate into the carrying means only with a significantly higher cutting pressure in comparison with a conventional cable sheath of a carrying means or the crack formation in the sheath, induced by the cutting tool, is greatly reduced and thus the ability to be cut is reduced. In particular, filaments as mechanical components in the matrix prevent further penetration of the cutting tool into the deeper layers of the cable sheath since the filaments surround the cutting edge during the cutting process accumulate and thus reduce the cutting action of the cutting tool or even can neutralize.

Furthermore, according to one exemplary embodiment, provision is made for a fabric network structure to be arranged as a mechanical component in a region of the cable sheath, preferably around at least one plastic fiber cable. By introducing an outer fabric with a mesh structure with reduced cuttability around or in the cable sheath, wherein the fabric preferably comprises thin steel threads, can be provided around the ropes effective cutting protection and thus reduced cuttability in at least a portion of the cable sheath. The network structure can be arranged around the entire cable sheath or around individual ropes, in particular plastic fiber ropes, wherein the network structure can be used only in selected sections of the cable sheath or ropes in the longitudinal direction.

Preferably, the rope consists of aromatic polyamides, especially aramids, with highly oriented molecular chains. Alternatively, the rope may be made of other non-metallic fibers such as carbon fibers, basalt fibers, or glass fibers. Furthermore, it is regarded as an advantage that the cable sheath consists of rubber, polyurethane, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride or polyamide. In a preferred embodiment of the tag means are indicators in the support means for detecting or displaying a short-term strength failure of parts of the cable sheath. Thus, in the event of willful or intentional damage to the carrying means with a cutting tool, the damage can be detected quickly and thus eliminated by the service personnel immediately.

Furthermore, a method for producing a carrying means is proposed, wherein a cable sheath formed by a deformable plastic material and the deformable plastic material is applied to the ropes. The cable sheath can for example be sprayed onto the ropes or extruded and then cured.

Further advantageous embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.

• Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Aufsicht in Längsrichtung eines beispielhaften Tragemittels mit fünf Kunststofffaserseilen und einer Schicht reduzierter Schneidbarkeit.
• Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Aufsicht in Längsrichtung eines weiteren beispielhaften Tragemittels mit fünf Kunststofffaserseilen und drei äußeren Schichten reduzierter Schneidbarkeit.
• Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Aufsicht in Längsrichtung eines weiteren beispielhaften Tragemittels mit alternierend angeordneten Stahl- und Kunststofffaserseilen mit zugegebenen chemischen und/oder mechanischen Komponenten zur Bildung einer Schicht reduzierter Schneidbarkeit innerhalb des Seilmantels.
• Fig. 4 zeigt eine schematische Aufsicht in Längsrichtung eines beispielhaften Tragemittels mit äußeren angeordneten Stahlseilen und einem Kunststofffaserseil mit einer Umhüllung reduzierter Schneidbarkeit.
• Fig. 5 zeigt eine schematische Aufsicht in Längsrichtung eines weiteren beispielhaften Tragemittels mit äußeren angeordneten Stahlseilen und einem Kunststofffaserseil, wobei der Seilmantel eine Umhüllung reduzierter Schneidbarkeit aufweist.
• Fig. 6 zeigt eine schematische Aufsicht in Längsrichtung eines weiteren beispielhaften Tragemittels mit zwei Kunststofffaserseilen und zwei Verstärkungselementen mit reduzierter Schneidbarkeit als Teil des Seilmantels.
• Fig. 7 zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht eines beispielhaften Tragemittels mit äußeren angeordneten Stahlseilen und einem Kunststofffaserseil, dass abschnittweise ein Gewebe mit Netzstruktur zur Reduzierung der Schneidbarkeit aufweist.

The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to various embodiments. Here are an example:

• Fig. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal plan view of an exemplary support means with five plastic fiber ropes and a layer of reduced cuttability.
• Fig. 2 shows a schematic longitudinal plan view of another exemplary support means with five plastic fiber ropes and three outer layers of reduced cuttability.
• Fig. 3 shows a schematic plan view in the longitudinal direction of another exemplary support means with alternately arranged steel and plastic fiber cables with added chemical and / or mechanical components to form a layer of reduced cuttability within the cable sheath.
• Fig. 4 shows a schematic longitudinal plan view of an exemplary support means with outer steel cables arranged and a plastic fiber rope with a sheath of reduced cuttability.
• Fig. 5 shows a schematic plan view in the longitudinal direction of another exemplary support means with outer steel cables arranged and a plastic fiber rope, wherein the cable sheath has a sheath reduced cutability.
• Fig. 6 shows a schematic plan view in the longitudinal direction of another exemplary support means with two plastic fiber ropes and two reinforcing elements with reduced cuttability as part of the cable sheath.
• Fig. 7 shows a schematic side view of an exemplary support means with outer steel cables arranged and a plastic fiber rope, which has a section of mesh fabric with a mesh to reduce the cuttability.

A first exemplary embodiment of the carrying means 1 is shown in FIG Fig. 1 as a schematic plan view in the longitudinal direction, wherein the support means 1 five plastic fiber cables 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e and a reinforcing element 7, which forms a layer of reduced cuttability comprises. The plastic fiber ropes 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e are arranged equidistantly within the cable sheath 2 and are fixed relative to each other by the close enclosure of the cable sheath 2 in their respective transverse positions. The straight bottom of Tagemittels 1 according to Fig. 1 serves as a running surface for drive pulleys and pulleys within the lift system, allowing protection against willful or intentional damage with a cutting tool only on the top of the carrying means 1 is necessary. Depending on the configuration of the respective elevator installation, it is likewise provided by way of example that the layer with reduced cuttability is arranged only in partial areas of the carrying means 1 on the upper or lower side or alternately on the upper and lower underside of the carrying means 1.

An advantageous embodiment of an exemplary carrying means 1 shows Fig. 2 as a schematic longitudinal plan view, wherein the support means 1 five plastic fiber cables 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e and three outer reinforcing elements 7, which form layers with reduced cuttability comprises. In contrast to that in the Fig. 1 shown support means 1, the support means 1 according to the arrangement shown in FIG Fig. 2 a more comprehensive protection against willful or intentional damage, as well as the side surfaces of the support means 1 are protected by protection areas with reduced cuttability. Damage by cutting tools is thereby minimized or prevented. The underside of the support means 1 has two guide ribs, which can be guided during operation in two corresponding guide rails of the elevator discs (not shown) and thus prevent a displacement or a jumping off of the tag means 1 from the elevator disc.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic plan view in the longitudinal direction of another embodiment of an exemplary support means 1 with alternately arranged steel cables 5a, 5b, 5c and plastic fiber cables 3a, 3b and a layer of reduced cuttability within the cable sheath 2 due to added chemical and / or mechanical components 6. By the arrangement of At least two steel cables 5a, 5c in two outer regions of the cable sheath 2 also define two regions with reduced cuttability. In addition, according to the configuration of the carrying means 1 according to FIG Fig. 3 by the addition of mechanical and / or chemical components 6 reduces the mechanical properties of this area with regard to the cuttability. The reduction of the cuttability in the relevant region of the cable sheath 2 can be done either by a chemical reaction of the material of the cable sheath 1 or by the addition of mechanical components 6 in the material of the cable sheath 2. Particularly suitable as mechanical components 6 are filaments or iron small parts, since the cutting action of a possible cutting tool is reduced by these mechanical components 6. According to the exemplary embodiment of the carrying means 1 according to Fig. 3 For example, the area of reduced cuttability is a local area on the left side of the carrying means 1 in FIG Fig. 3 limited.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic plan view in the longitudinal direction of an exemplary support means 1 with two externally arranged steel cables 5a, 5b and a plastic fiber rope 3a with a sheath 4 reduced cuttability. According to the arrangement according to Fig. 4 each rope 3a, 5a, 5b is protected by a region with reduced cuttability. The steel cables 5a, 5b are already protected due to the intrinsic mechanical properties of the steel used against wanton or deliberate damage by cutting tools. The plastic fiber rope 3a used is additionally protected by a sheath 4 with reduced cuttability. The outer sheath 2 of the in the Fig. 4 shown carrying means 1 may be damaged with a cutting tool, but the need for power cables 3 a, 5 a, 5 b are protected against willful or intentional damage by unauthorized persons.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic plan view in the longitudinal direction of another embodiment of an exemplary support means 1 with two externally arranged steel cables 5a, 5b and a plastic fiber rope 3a. In contrast to the illustrated arrangement according to the Fig. 4 is according to the in Fig. 5 shown arrangement of the cable sheath 2 completely wrapped with a layer of reduced cuttability. By the outer protection area with reduced cuttability around the entire cable sheath 2 is ensured that even a possible damage of the cable sheath 2 is reduced with a cutting tool compared to conventional means of support or even excluded. Furthermore, it is ensured by this configuration of this exemplary carrying means 1 that even in the case of damage or even cutting with a cutting tool of the outer wrapping area with reduced cuttability, at least the two outer steel cables 5a, 5b are not damaged and further penetration of the cutting tool in the inner core of the cable sheath 2 prevent. In addition to the reduced cuttability of the stable ropes 5a, 5b, the secure absorption of force by the steel cables 5a, 5b and thus at least one emergency operation of the elevator installation is also possible in the event of deliberate or deliberate damage by a cutting tool.

A further advantageous embodiment of an exemplary support means 1 is in the Fig. 6 in which two plastic fiber cables 3a, 3b are arranged in the cable sheath 2 and two reinforcing elements 7 define two regions with reduced cuttability in the cable sheath 2. This in EP 1 416 082 B2 disclosed reinforcing element to increase the transverse stiffness of the support means is extended in this embodiment by the additional mechanical property of reduced cuttability. The exemplary reinforcing element 7 can in particular on one of the outer sides of the cable sheath 2 or on opposite side of the Cable sheath 1 can be arranged. The reinforcing element 7 can be integrated into the cable sheath 2, for example by means of a click mechanism.

Finally shows Fig. 7 a schematic side view of an exemplary support means 1 with externally arranged steel cables 5a, 5b and a plastic fiber rope 3a, which has a section of fabric with mesh structure 8 to reduce the cuttability. The fabric structure 8 is preferably made of thin steel wires which define an outer area of reduced cuttability about the plastic fiber rope 3a. The fabric structure 8 can either wrap the entire plastic fiber rope 3a or only partially, as in Fig. 7 shown. In the outer regions of the cable sheath 2, two steel cables 5a, 5b are arranged, thus defining additional areas with reduced cuttability due to the intrinsic mechanical properties of the steel cables 5a, 5b.

Claims (14)

Carrying means (1) for an elevator, the carrying means (1) comprising at least two cables (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 5a, 5b, 5c) for longitudinal force absorption and a cable sheath (2), the cables ( 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 5a, 5b, 5c) are arranged in a common plane in the cable sheath (2), so that the cable sheath (2) the cables (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 5a, 5b , 5c), and wherein at least one cable (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 5a, 5b, 5c) consists of non-metallic fibers, characterized in that at least a portion of the support means (1) one over other portions of the support means (1) has reduced cuttability. Carrying means (1) according to claim 1, wherein a reinforcing element (7) with reduced cuttability is part of the cable sheath (2). Carrying means (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein at least one cable with reduced cuttability (5a, 5b, 5c) as at least one outer cable (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 5a, 5b, 5c) in one outer region of the cable sheath (2) is arranged. Carrying means (1) according to claim 3, wherein in each case a cable with reduced cuttability (5a, 5b, 5c) as in each case the outermost cable (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 5a, 5b, 5c) of one side of the carrying means (1). are arranged. Carrying means (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a cross section and a modulus of elasticity of each cable (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 5a, 5b, 5c) adaptable and thus the rigidity for each cable used (3a, 3b , 3c, 3d, 3e, 5a, 5b, 5c) of the carrying means (1) can be predetermined. Carrying means (1) according to claim 5, wherein the stiffnesses for each rope used (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 5a, 5b, 5c) in the cable sheath (2) are equal due to the respective combined adjustment of the cross section and the modulus of elasticity , Carrying means (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cuttability in a region of the cable sheath (2) by the addition of chemical components (6) is reducible by the chemical properties with respect to the cuttability of this portion of the cable sheath (2) by the chemical components (6) are changeable. Carrying means (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cuttability in a region of the cable sheath (2) by the addition of mechanical components (6) is reducible by the mechanical properties with respect to the cuttability of this portion of the cable sheath (2) by the Combination of the mechanical properties of the cable sheath (2) with the mechanical components (6) are changeable. Carrying means (1) according to claim 8, wherein steel filaments or small iron parts or metallic fibers or ceramic fibers are part of the mechanical components (6). Carrying means (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a network structure with reduced cuttability (8) as a mechanical component (6) in at least one region of the cable sheath (2) is arranged. Carrying means (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the cable (3a, 3b, 3c) consists at least partially of aromatic polyamides, in particular aramids, with highly oriented molecular chains. Carrying means (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the cable sheath (2) consists at least partially of rubber, polyurethane, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride or polyamide. Supporting means (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a failure of the strength of at least parts of the cable sheath (2) and / or the cables (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 5a, 5b, 5c) is detectable and / or displayable. A method for producing a carrying means (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a cable sheath (2) formed by a deformable plastic material and the deformable plastic material on ropes (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 5a, 5b , 5c) is applied.

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