EP2361212B1 - Elevator support means, manufacturing method for said support means and elevator system comprising said elevator support means - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a support means for moving and / or carrying an elevator car in an elevator installation, as well as a corresponding elevator installation.

Elevator systems of the type according to the invention usually have an elevator car and usually a counterweight connected to the elevator car, which can be moved in an elevator shaft or along free-standing guide devices. To generate the movement, the elevator installation has at least one drive with at least one traction sheave each, which interacts with the elevator car and optionally with the counterweight via drive and / or suspension means. The suspension means carry the elevator car and optionally the counterweight and the drive means transmit the required driving forces to them. Often, however, the drive means also takes over the supporting function at the same time. In the following, therefore, for the sake of simplicity, the carrying and / or drive means will only be referred to as suspension means.

The suspension element is an essential element in an elevator installation. Its design, in particular its weight, its Längssteiffigkeit, traction and Biegewechselfestigkeit affect the design of the entire system, for example, in their space and energy consumption and maintenance. In the past 10 to 20 years, various attempts have been made to replace the classic "steel cable" suspension by lift support means with lower bend diameter and higher traction.

A flat support means with an elastomer sheath and a made of a composite oriented in the longitudinal direction of the support means tensile carrier disclosed WO2009 / 090299 , The tension member has a plastic matrix, preferably of epoxy, with glass or carbon fibers embedded therein parallel and embedded in the longitudinal direction of the tension member. Such a suspension should have a very low weight and a high dimensional and temperature stability.

EP1905891 discloses a flat elastomeric sheath and tension member made of cords stranded synthetic fibers such as aramid, polyethylene, polyester, Vectran® embedded in a polyurethane matrix.

The present invention has as its object to provide a suspension means with low weight and good traction characteristics available and show an elevator system that can be operated with such a support means with low maintenance, long life and high efficiency.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the support means specified in claim 1, as well as an elevator system with such a support means according to the features of claim 9.

The elevator support means for carrying and / or moving at least one elevator car in an elevator installation is adapted to run over at least one disc and to be in traction engagement and driveability when running over a traction sheave of a prime mover of the elevator installation. For this purpose, the support means has a jacket made of a polymer and at least one embedded in the shell body, extending in the longitudinal direction of the support means tensile carrier. The tension member comprises at least one strand of stranded wire with an elementary diameter δ whose yarns are formed from filaments of synthetic and / or mineral fiber material.

The elevator installation comprises at least one pane over which the suspension element is guided, which moves at least one elevator cage. Advantageously, the support means also moves a counterweight. The at least one disc in the elevator system is a traction sheave, which belongs to a drive machine and is driven by this rotating. The guided over the traction sheave support means is moved by means of traction of the traction sheave and transmits this movement to the connected to the suspension means car and possibly the counterweight. Preferably, however, the suspension element not only transmits the movement to the cabin and possibly the counterweight, but at the same time carries it.

The elementary diameter δ of the thickest strand of the tension member is selected as a function of the maximum elongation at break of the tensile material and adapted to the diameter of the smallest disc of the elevator installation, taking particular care that the bending in the strand with the largest imposed on the tension member by the smallest disc Diameter causes an elongation which is smaller than the maximum elongation at break of the strand.

The tensile carrier material is selected from high-strength fiber materials. The tensile carrier made of such material may be in the form of a strand or in the form of strands stranded into a cord. The strands of fiber material stranded into a cord can have different diameters or, preferably, they can all be of the same thickness and have the same diameter. Advantageously, the cords are made by single or double stranding of strands.

A strand comprises stranded yarns, which in turn are constructed of unstretched or undirectional fibers. A cord is constructed from stranded strands, with single-stranded or double-stranded cords being preferred and, in particular, cords having one or two or three strand layers being used. In individual cases, more than three layers of strands may be provided or a higher stranding, but this usually makes special provisions for wear necessary.

The yarns or strands are impregnated with an impregnating agent. The polymer-based impregnant forms a matrix in which the fibers are embedded so that they are protected from wear and abrasion. In addition, incorporation of the fibers into the matrix facilitates workability (stranding) and improves the adhesion of the sheath material to the tension members formed from the fibers.

Suitable impregnating / matrix materials are: polyurethanes, in particular water-soluble or solvent-soluble polyurethanes, and also epoxides and certain rubber-like elastomers, such as EPDM, wherein the impregnating agent is adapted to the fiber material and the jacket material. For example, epoxides are well suited as a matrix material for mineral fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers; By contrast, soluble polyurethanes are particularly suitable for some synthetic fibers such as polyamide fibers, Zylon and others.

The matrix content is between 5% and 45% based on the cured composite material of fibers and matrix. The hardness of the cured matrix material is between 40 Shore A and 60 Shore D and can be controlled primarily by the percentage of matrix in the composite but also by additives such as plasticizers.

In order to reduce wear between the strands in tensile straps designed as cords, so-called matrix lubrication, e.g. PTFE powder, or even the processing of PTFE yarns used. For tension members in strand form or strands of tension members in cord form, which are in direct contact with the jacket or with the material of the suspension element body, no matrix lubrication should be used. Here, polyethylene fibers in the tensile carrier can be provided very advantageously, since these fibers also have a lubricating effect to a certain extent, which protects the strands against wear. Of course, polyethylene fibers may be provided inside a strand or a cord, and their lubricating effect may be usefully employed there.

The following materials are suitable as fiber materials: Glass fibers of different quality and composition, such as E glass or S glass, polyethylenes (eg Dyneema® or Spectra®), polyesters, in particular LCP (Liquid Cristal Polymer, especially Celanese Acetate, such as Vectran®) , Nylon, basalt, aramid (eg, Kevlar®, Technora®, and Twaron®), PBO (poly (benzoxazoles), such as Zylon®), and M5 (poly- [diimidazo-pyridinylene (dihydroxy) phenylene] and carbon fibers, also known as In addition, so-called hybrid fibers, ie commercial fiber mixtures such as K-Spectra® can be used.

An optimization of the tensile carriers can be done not only by the choice of commercially available hybrid fibers but also by a specific combination of fibers of different fiber materials in a tensile carrier, especially in combination with a specific space allocation of different fibers within yarns, strands and cords. In this way, tension members can be obtained with properties ideally matched to the respective mechanical requirements.

In one embodiment, for example, a fibrous material with a large elongation at break is provided inside the strand, in the layer above a fibrous material having a smaller elongation at break. In this way it can be achieved that the fibers of the outer layer of strands and the fibers of the core tear each other instead of one after the other. Strands of this type are preferably taken separately as a tensile carrier in a suspension means. In special cases, however, cords can also be formed from such strands and these cords can then be used as tension members in a suspension element of an elevator installation.

In a further embodiment, a core of a fiber material is provided inside the cord, which has a greater elongation at break than the fiber material in the outer strands. Thus, a cord structure with stranded fibers results, in which the inner strands of the cord have a greater elongation at break than the strands in the position above. In this way, it can be ensured that all the strands in the cord tear simultaneously and not sequentially, thereby maximizing the breaking strength of the cord. In addition, the more uniform distribution of the tensile forces in the strands of the cords increases the life of the suspension element.

The design of strands or cords with an elongation at break, which is greater inside than outside leads to tension members, which have under load an optimized over their cross-section considered breaking strength, and in which no creeping failure must be feared.

In another embodiment, the elongation at break of the various strands is realized in a cord instead of over the fiber material by different lay lengths of the yarns in the strands. The strand or strands forming the core of the cord are then stranded with a shorter lay length than the strands in the overlying strand layers.

In this way, however, not only cords for high-life elevator means but also strands for high-life elevator means can be produced: the yarns inside the strand are then stranded with a shorter twist length than the yarns capable of over it.

With tension members in the form of cords, particularly low-tensile tensile carriers result when the yarns of the strands are stranded in the opposite direction than the strands in the cord. Particularly high breaking forces result for such tensile carriers, when the lay length of the yarns in the strands, is matched to the lay length of the strands in the cord, that the fibers are aligned approximately straight in the tension member.

Particularly good results in terms of manufacturability and service life are obtained with single-stranded and double-stranded cords formed from fibrous materials as tensile carriers.

Cords with cord congurations 1 + 6 (one central strand, six outer strands), Warrington configuration or Warrington-Seale configuration have proven to be very suitable. It should be noted here that with regard to the nomenclature of the cord configuration, essentially the nomenclature of the steel wire ropes has been used (see EN12385-2: 2002). The wires in the nomenclature of Drahtseilnorm be replaced in the present case, however, by strands, which are formed from stranded yarns of filaments.

The use of strands as a tensile carrier is a very cost-effective compared to stranded or braided cords, since a production step is eliminated. Such tension members are therefore preferably used in cooperation with large traction sheaves, since the bending stresses occurring here are relatively small. In the integration of spaced strands as a tensile carrier in the body or shell tends to be a softer, less abrasion resistant matrix material can be used, because there is no relative movement between touching strands occurs. For the embedding of fiber cords, on the other hand, a harder, abrasion-resistant matrix is required, since the cord is subjected to relative movements from strand to strand. The result of a softer matrix material is a flexurally soft strand, since the stresses that occur can be broken down more easily by strains in the matrix material. The hardness of the matrix material is generally in the range of 50 Shore A to 54 Shore D.

In a further embodiment, the suspension element exhibits, in addition to at least one of the properties described above, a tension member in which the strands are at least 0.03 mm apart from each other, at least in an outermost position. The distance is greater, the greater the viscosity of the polymer embedding the tension member when embedding the tension member.

In a further embodiment, viewed radially from the outside inward, the more strand layers there are, the more strand layers in this shape are spaced from each other.

This measure (s) ensures a good mechanical connection of the tension member with the material of the suspension element body, which further increases the service life of the suspension element.

In a particular embodiment, the suspension element has more than one tension carrier extending in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element, wherein the tension members, viewed in the width of the suspension element, are arranged next to one another in a plane. In this way, at the same total load, the load must be absorbed by the individual tension members in the support means distributed to the plurality of tension members, which thus each have a lower elongation at break and thus a smaller diameter than a support means with a single tension member of the same material. Due to the distribution of the tension members in only one plane, the surface pressure can be distributed relatively evenly over all tension members, which increases the service life and ensures a smoother running of the suspension element over the discs. Due to the number of tensile carriers in a suspension means, the support means breaking forces can be scaled well.

The single-stranded strands are struck S or Z, that is to say left or right-handed, the double-stranded cords corresponding to SZ or ZS (for nomenclature, see EN 12385-2: 2002). Regardless of the type of stroke, cords and strands (even those that are declared as "low-revving" or "rotation-free") always have a certain amount of torque. If several strands or cords are provided as tension members in an elevator support means, then it is very advantageous if the overall torque is zero and the suspension element as a whole therefore is free of rotation. The easiest way to achieve this is when an equal number of left-handed and right-handed tensile carriers are provided with magnitude equal in terms of torques in the support means (even number of tensile carriers).

In a further embodiment, the suspension element has a plurality of the tension members described above, wherein preferably all tension members have the same cord or strand configuration so that the load-bearing strength, stress ratios and elongation properties of all tension members are the same.

In another embodiment, the support means comprises a plurality of tension members with different cord or strand configurations, the configurations with their specific properties being adapted to the position in the suspension element (central or external). This can be advantageous if the stresses on the tension members despite the arrangement in a plane position-dependent large deviations.

The jacket body of the suspension element is made of a polymer, preferably an elastomer. Elastomers can be adjusted in their hardness and bring in addition to the necessary hardness at the same time a sufficiently high wear resistance and elasticity. The temperature and weathering resistance and other properties of the elastomers also increase the service life of the suspension element. If the elastomer is also a thermoplastic elastomer, the suspension element with its body and the embedded tension members can be produced in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner, for example by extrusion.

Depending on the required friction factor between the traction side of the suspension element and the traction sheave or rear side of the suspension element and of another disc, the suspension element can be made of a single elastomer or of different elastomers, e.g. layered, with different properties.

Time-consuming tests have shown that polyurethanes, in particular thermoplastic, ether-based polyurethanes; Polyamides, in particular based on polyamide 11 / polyamide 12 (PEBAX®); Polyester, in particular TPC (copolyester-based thermoplastic elastomers, for example Hytrel®), and natural and synthetic rubber, in particular NBR, HNBR, EPM and EPDM as the material for the body of the suspension element. especially good. Also chloroprene can be used in the body especially as an adhesive.

For the consideration of special properties, it is also possible to provide the traction side and / or the back of the suspension element with a coating. This coating can be applied, for example by flocking or extrusion, or even be sprayed, laminated or glued. It preferably comprises a fabric of natural fibers, such as hemp or cotton, or of synthetic fibers, such as for example, nylon, polyester, PVC, PTFE, PAN, polyamide, or a mixture of two or more of these types of fibers.

In a particular embodiment, the suspension element is designed on one side as a traction side, which has a plurality of ribs running parallel in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element. In this case, it is advantageous if the support means also has more than one in the longitudinal direction of the support means extending tension members. In such a case, the discs of the elevator system in the circumferential direction on extending grooves corresponding to the ribs of the support means. In particular, the traction sheave of the elevator system then has such grooves. The grooves of the elevator discs and the ribs of the support means are matched to one another such that the support means is well guided in the / the discs and results in a traction-promoting wedge effect on the traction sheave in the frictional interaction of ribs and grooves. The latter arises in particular when the tips of the V-ribs of the support means are not in contact with the groove bottom of the grooves of the traction sheave, so that the forces are transmitted only over flanks of the ribs or grooves. This is achieved by making the grooves e.g. undercut are executed.

In a particular embodiment, ribs on the traction side of the suspension element and the grooves of the traction sheave are of the same wedge-shaped, in particular triangular or trapezoidal cross-section and with a flank angle β or β 'in the range of 81 ° to 120 °, more preferably from 83 ° to 105 ° or 85 ° to 95 ° and best formed 90 °. The acute angle improves the leadership of the suspension element, especially in diagonal pull.

In addition, if the grooves of the traction sheave are provided with a deeper groove bottom, so that a wedge effect results when the grooves interact with the ribs, the traction is significantly increased and can be adjusted depending on the selected wedge angle of the ribs or grooves.

For a good guidance of the suspension element in the elevator installation, in addition to the traction sheave, other sheaves may also be provided with corresponding grooves which correspond to the ribs of the suspension element on its traction side. Of course, for the purposes of guiding, the grooves of these discs do not have to have a deeper groove bottom.

For a long service life of the lift support with fiber tension carriers, care should be taken to ensure that the applied transverse forces do not become too great and that a uniform load distribution results in the suspension element. This is particularly advantageous in the case of two fiber-tension carriers per rib.
In addition, the load distribution can be improved if, given two tension members per rib, the tension members are each arranged in the region of the vertical projection P of an edge of the rib. In particular, the tension members should then be arranged centrally above the projection of the flank.

In another embodiment, three tension members per rib are provided. Again, the load distribution can be further improved if the respectively provided on the lateral rib edge tension members are arranged in the region of the vertical projection P of a flank of the rib.

It is also very advantageous if each rib of the support means is assigned exactly one tension member, since the forces from the flanks act uniformly from both sides on this one tension member. In the case of the same rib size, tensile straps with a larger diameter can also be used in such an embodiment than in embodiments with a plurality of tension carriers per rib, without negatively influencing the running properties.

A very uniform distribution of forces on all tensile carriers of the suspension element can be achieved with a tension member per rib, if it is arranged centrally with respect to the two rib edges.

In a further embodiment, the suspension element has exactly two ribs on the traction side. Such a suspension means offers in addition to the advantages of having a V-ribbed belt, the advantage that the number of suspension elements can be tuned very accurately to the load to be carried in the elevator.

In a particular embodiment, the suspension element with the exactly two ribs on the traction side has a guide rib on its rear side opposite the traction side, in order to guide it in the case of counterbending via a correspondingly designed disk with guide groove without having to take additional measures for a lateral guidance of the suspension element.

In a further special embodiment, such a support means may also be higher than wide, whereby upon bending higher internal stress in the support center body arise, which reduces the risk of Verkleminens the support means in a grooved disc.

Especially if fiber strands are provided as tensile carriers, the number of tensile carriers per rib can also be chosen to be much higher with a correspondingly small strand diameter. This can also go so far that the individual tension members are no longer spaced apart by jacket material in the suspension means but are packed tightly packed in a plane.

It is particularly advantageous to provide the tension members made of fiber material with one or more indicator elements. The indicator elements may be in the form of an electrically conductive, metallic wire or in the form of electrically conductive fibers (basalt, carbon) as yarn (s) or strand (s). Indicator elements may be stranded with the yarns and / or strands in the tension members or helically wrapped around them. They may also be embedded parallel to the tension member together with it or separately from it in the jacket material. the one or more indicator elements extend over the entire length of the support means and are contacted by metrology at least at one end. Electrically conductive indicator elements can be used for resistance measurements or temperature measurements for monitoring the tension members or also for monitoring the jacket condition. Details of the resistance measurement are in the EP Application No. 08172489.0 the applicant discloses. Instead of the electrically conductive elements, optically conductive elements can also be integrated into the tension members, in particular for the tension member monitoring, which then permit monitoring by means of light signals.

Alternatively, the monitoring of a Biegewechsel- and / or trip counter is possible: Here, for example, the number of bending changes, which has completed the support means counted. From life tests the breaking force degradation of the suspension element is known and it can after a certain number of bending changes on the suspension element state getting closed. Details of the change counter can be found in the EP Application No. 08160740.0 the applicant.

In addition, a combination of Biegewechselzähler and / or trip counter with the monitoring methods by means of electrically conductive indicator elements is conceivable. As a result, the safety with regard to the Ablegereifeerkennung the fiber-carrying agent can be further increased.

If the suspension element comprises more than one tension member extending in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element, and if these tensile elements are arranged side by side, viewed in the width of the suspension element, then pulleys with smaller pulley diameters and a smaller, lighter motor can generally be used in the elevator installation the use of support means of equal capacity, the only one tension member or more tension members in different "layers" - viewed from the axis of rotation of a disc radially outward - have one above the other. In this way space and costs can be saved.

Advantageously, the traction sheave is the smallest disc of the elevator installation. If the traction sheave is arranged directly on a shaft of the drive motor, then the drive can be built very compact without a gear. Assembly and production are particularly simple if the traction sheave is formed integrally with a shaft of the drive motor.

Depending on the type of suspension 1: 1, 2: 1 or higher, the elevator system includes only the traction sheave (1: 1 suspension) or even various other discs over which the support means is performed. These discs may be deflecting discs, guide discs, car washers, counterweight washers. For reasons of space, preference is given to disks with small diameters and, in relation to smaller, lighter engines, in particular also traction disks with small diameters. The latter can be made particularly advantageous integrally with the shaft of the motor. The number of discs and their diameters depend on the suspension and the composition of the individual components of an elevator in the elevator shaft. So it may happen that the discs have different diameters in an elevator system. The discs can be both larger and smaller than the traction sheave. If we talk about disks here, they can not only be disc-shaped but they can also be formed in a cylindrical shape, similar to a shaft. Their function is independent of this design issue, a deflection, carrying or driving the suspension.

It should be noted here that under elevator shaft is not necessarily a closed space is understood, but quite generally the construction, which usually defines the path of movement of the cabin and possibly counterweight by so-called guide rails, and added to or in the nowadays usually all components of the drive are (machine roomless elevator).

In the case of elevator systems, the static load-bearing device safety according to the standard (EN81, ASME 17.6) is usually designed with 12. One of the reasons why this high safety factor is chosen to be so high is that the service life and thus also the risk of discarding the suspension element are often not estimated accurately enough and / or could not be detected in good time. In the presently proposed plastic-coated support means, however, the life of the support means can be more accurately predetermined and monitored: the former, for example, by adjusting the elementary diameter of the thickest strand in a tension member to the smallest disc diameter of the elevator installation in which it is to be used; through accurate and permanent monitoring of shell condition and tensile state; through the use of tension members in which the filaments tear at the same time; by the exact matching of geometries and materials of the suspension element and the discs in the elevator system and the resulting low wear. The more accurate predictability of the life and thus the Ablegereife together with the permanent and comprehensive support means monitoring make it possible to design a lift without a loss of security with smaller rope safety, namely with rope safety factors between 8 and smaller 12. This lowers the cost price, maintenance and energy requirements and increases the economy of the plant.

Further advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the other claims. As already apparent from the previous description, the features of the various embodiments can be combined with each other and are not limited to the examples in the context of which they are described. This will also become apparent from the following explanations of the invention with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings. The illustrated in the respective drawings Embodiments each show certain features in combination with each other: However, this does not mean that they can be used meaningfully only in the combination shown. On the contrary, they can equally well be combined with features of other examples shown or described.

Fig. 1

einen zu einer Aufzugskabinenfront parallelen Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemässe Aufzugsanlage;

Fig. 2a

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Tragmittels gemäss Erfindung in Form eines flachen Riemens;

Fig. 2b

vergrössert einen Ausschnitt des flachen Riemens aus Fig. 2a

Fig.3a

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Rippenseite eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines Tragmittels gemäss Erfindung in Form eines Keilrippenriemens;

Fig.3b

eine Querschnitts-Ansicht des Tragmittels gemäss Fig. 3a mit verschiedenen Beispielen für mögliche Rippenausgestaltungen;

Fig. 4

einen Schnitt parallel zur Rotationsachse einer Treibscheibe einer Aufzugsanlage und durch ein darüber laufendes weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Tragmittels;

Fig. 5

einen Schnitt durch noch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Tragmittels der Aufzugsanlage senkrecht zu dessen Zugträgem;

Fig. 6 bis 11

je einen Querschnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Zugträgers;

Fig. 12

einen Schnitt analog zu dem in Fig. 5 durch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Aufzugtragmittels;

Fig. 13 und 14

je einen Querschnitt durch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Zugträgers;

Fig. 15

einen Schnitt analog zu dem in Fig. 5 durch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Tragmittels der Aufzugsanlage;

Fig. 16 und 17

je einen Querschnitt durch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Zugträgers;

Fig. 18 bis 26

Schnitte analog zu dem in Fig. 5 durch weitere Ausführungsbeispiele für ein Aufzugtragmittel;

The figures show by way of example and purely schematically:

Fig. 1

a parallel to an elevator car front section through an inventive elevator system;

Fig. 2a

a perspective view of a second embodiment of a support means according to the invention in the form of a flat belt;

Fig. 2b

enlarges a section of the flat belt Fig. 2a

3a

a perspective view of a rib side of a first embodiment of a support means according to the invention in the form of a V-ribbed belt;

3b

a cross-sectional view of the support means according to Fig. 3a with various examples of possible rib designs;

Fig. 4

a section parallel to the axis of rotation of a traction sheave of an elevator installation and by a further running embodiment of a support means;

Fig. 5

a section through yet another embodiment of a support means of the elevator system perpendicular to the Zugträgem;

Fig. 6 to 11

each a cross section through an embodiment of a tension member;

Fig. 12

a section analogous to that in Fig. 5 by another embodiment of an elevator support means;

FIGS. 13 and 14

each a cross section through a further embodiment of a tension member;

Fig. 15

a section analogous to that in Fig. 5 by a further embodiment of a suspension means of the elevator installation;

FIGS. 16 and 17

each a cross section through a further embodiment of a tension member;

Fig. 18 to 26

Sections analogous to those in Fig. 5 by further embodiments of an elevator support means;

Fig. 1 1 shows a section through an elevator installation 19 according to the invention in an elevator shaft 1. Shown are essentially a drive unit 2 arranged at the top in the elevator shaft 1 with a traction sheave 4.1 and an elevator car 3 guided on car guide rails 5 with cabin sheaves mounted below the cabin floor 6 4.2. In addition, a guided counterweight guide rails 7 counterweight 8 with a Gegengewichtstragscheibe 4.3 and a support means 12 which carries the elevator car 3 and the counterweight 8 and at the same time transmits the driving force of the traction sheave 4.1 of the drive unit 2 to the elevator car 3 and the counterweight 8. It can be provided as well as non-positive drives. On the traction side, ie toward the traction sheave, the elevator support means 12 can have one or more smooth or profiled surfaces.

With the term support means 12 are in Fig. 1 denotes at least two elements that carry the cabin and the counterweight and move driven by the traction sheave. In addition, these are simply referred to as suspension means 12, although they exercise not only supporting but also driving function. Although the term "suspension means" is used below in the singular, it is clear to the elevator expert that, for safety reasons, at least two suspension elements 12 are generally present in an elevator installation. Depending on the cabin weight, suspension and carrying capacity of the support means 12, these can be used parallel to one another and running in the same direction or else in another configuration. Two or more parallel and running in the same direction support means 12 may be combined to form a suspension element strand.

The suspension element 12 according to the invention has a jacket body 15 made of a polymer into which at least one tension member 22 extending in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element 12 is embedded. The tension member 22 has at least one stranded wire strand 50, wherein the yarns comprise filaments of synthetic and / or mineral fiber material.

The elevator system 19 and the support means 12, as for example in the Fig. 2a, 2b . 3a, 3b . 4, 5 . 12 . 15 and further figures are coordinated so that the pulley diameter D of the smallest pulley 4 in the elevator installation 19 and the elementary diameter δ of the thickest strand 50 of the tension member 22 depend on the following equation from each other and on the elongation at break εb: δ = 2r / ( 1 / εb - 1).

For a first estimate, the elongation at break values of the fiber manufacturers can be calculated. For an accurate determination of the elongation at break, the strands 50 with elementary diameter δ are subjected to tensile tests according to ASTM D 2256.

As a base material for such tensile carriers 22, therefore, fiber material is used, the elongation at break εb is in a range between εb = 0.5% and 5%.

The following fiber materials have proven to be suitable: E glass, S glass, basalt, carbon, polyethylene, in particular HMPE, polyester, in particular LCP and TLCP, PVC, PTFE, PAN, nylon; Polyamide, in particular aramid, PBO (poly (benzoxazole)), M5 ((poly- [dümidazo pyridinylene (dihydroxy) phenylene], PIPD for short), hybrid fibers, which are already available as such.

Examples of combinations of pulley diameters D in [mm] and maximum elemental diameters δ ± 0.03 [mm] for different fiber materials are given below: material E-glass S2-glass Vectran® NT Vectran® HT Vectran® UM TECHNORA® carbon fiber D [mm] δmax [mm] δmax [mm] δmax [mm] δmax [mm] δmax [mm] δmax [mm] δmax [mm] 75 3.8 4.5 1.6 03.03 2.2 3.6 1.7 125 6.3 7.6 2.7 5.6 3.7 6.0 2.8 250 12.6 15.1 5.4 11.1 7.5 12.1 5.6

The tension members or the fiber material of the tension members is impregnated for a better abrasion resistance and a better adhesion to the jacket material.

For impregnation or as a matrix material, e.g. Polyurethanes, epoxies and impregnating agents based on chloroprene or rubber used. The impregnating agents are usually emulsions or solutions with aqueous or organic solvent.

Epoxies have proven to be very advantageous as impregnating agents for glass, basalt and carbon fibers, which also allow good bonding to polyurethane (PU) and polyamide-based or rubber-based sheath materials. Glass fibers can also be incorporated very well into rubber-like casing materials if they are impregnated with a rubber solution or the tensile carrier is coated with an adhesion layer of a rubber solution or latex (resorcinol formaldehyde latex). Polyurethane-based impregnating agents are also suitable for bonding to PU-based or polyamide-based casing materials, but they are better impregnated with synthetic fiber materials such as M5. Polyamide, in particular aramid, polyester and polyethylene interact. Particularly advantageous is the impregnation of polyester fibers with thermoplastic ester-based PU has been found. However, there are differences in the hydrolytic stability and the abrasion resistance between ester-based PU and ether-based PU, so that the impregnating agent should also be selected in accordance with the expected requirements. In addition to the interaction of the impregnating agent with the fiber material and the jacket material, other factors may also be relevant when selecting the impregnating agent, depending on the requirement profile.

In general, elastomers have proven to be a suitable jacket material for the body 15 of the suspension element 12. Particularly suitable are elastomeric polyurethanes, in particular thermoplastic, ether-based polyurethanes; Polyamides, in particular polyether block amides (PEBAX®); Polyester, especially TPC (e.g., Hytrel®); natural and synthetic rubber, in particular NBR, HNBR, EPM and EPDM. Chloroprene can also be used in the shell body 15. This elastomer has also proven to be particularly useful as an adhesive between tension members and rubbery elastomeric sheath materials such as rubber, NBR, EPDM.

Depending on the specific requirements, the various polymers may be flexibilized, be provided with temperature stabilizers and / or UV stabilizers, be mixed with flame retardants and herbicides, etc. and / or, where necessary, be weather and hydrolysis resistant.

Fig. 2a , Perspective shows a portion of an embodiment of a support means 12 according to the invention, in which the support means 12 is formed as a flat belt and is configured both on its traction side 18 and on its opposite side of the traction side 17 with a flat surface. Tension members 22 according to the invention are arranged next to one another in a plane. They are embedded at uniform intervals in the polymer of the sheath body 15 of the support means 12 and selected in number and in their torques so that cancel their torques over the entire support means 12. The material of the sheath body 15 is located between the tension members 22 and around each tension member 22 around. In order to meet the specific requirements for the traction side 18 and the opposite rear side 17 (eg different hardness, wear resistance, friction coefficients), the illustrated suspension element 12 is multi-layered. On the traction side 18 is located above the polymer of the base body 15, a harder support layer 15 a, which is provided with a coating 62 of wear-resistant fabric 61. The hard support layer 15a is advantageous with respect to a uniform force distribution in the support means 12 when running over the traction sheave 4.1. The wear-resistant coating 62 with the fabric 61 protects against abrasion. On the rear side of the suspension element 12, a softer cover layer 15b is provided, at least in relation to the base layer 15a, which permits low-noise running over pulleys 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 of the elevator installation 19 under counterbending. A coating 62 containing, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene reduces the friction in running of the support means 12 via these discs 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 under counter-bending, which further improves the low-noise and low-wear sliding and rolling over these discs. The thickness of the individual layers is not shown to scale and is selected according to the requirements.

Supporting means 12, as in Fig. 2a, 2b are preferably used in elevator systems 19, which are equipped with flat and / or cambered disks 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, and which, depending on requirements and flanged wheels for better guidance.

Another example of a suspension means according to the invention is shown in FIGS Fig. 3a, 3b shown. In this embodiment, the support means 12 is formed as a V-ribbed belt with a flat back 17 and a traction side 18 provided with ribs 20. Evident are its jacket body 15 with wedge-shaped ribs 20 and embedded in the body 15 according to the invention tensile carriers 22, which are arranged in a plane next to each other and spaced from each other. As in Fig. 3b shown, it is possible the ribs 20, viewed in cross section, instead of trapezoidal ( 2a ) also triangular ( Fig. 3b left) or triangular with a rounded tip ( Fig. 3b right). Pro rib 20 of the designed as a V-ribbed belt support means 12 two inventive tension members 22 are provided, which are each arranged centrally above a projection surface 70 of a flank 24 of the rib 20 of the support means 12. Per rib 20 of the support means 12 is ever one in its overall torque dextrorotatory tension member 22, designated "R", and in its overall torque left-turning tension member 22, designated "L", is provided. In this way, the torques of the individual tension members 22 cancel each other out approximately and the suspension element 12 is almost free of torque.

Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a V-ribbed belt 12 according to the present invention, which comprises a belt body 15 and a plurality of tension members 22 embedded therein. The belt body 15 is made of an elastic material such as natural rubber or synthetic rubber such as NBR, HNBR, ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), etc. Also, a variety of synthetic elastomers Polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polychloroprene (CR), polyurethane (PU) and especially for easier processing and thermoplastic elastomers, such as ether or ester-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) can be used as material for the Sheath body 15 can be used. In this particular example, the body 15 is made of ether-based thermoplastic PU.

Based on Fig. 4 In the following, the interaction of suspension elements 12 with traction-side V-ribs 20 with traction sheaves 4.1 of elevator systems will be described, which have grooves 35 formed in their periphery substantially opposite to the ribs 20. The grooves 35 of such a traction sheave 4.1 advantageously have a groove bottom 36, which is lower than the tips of the engaging ribs 20 of the V-ribbed belt 12, which are flattened trapezoidal in this example. Because of the lower groove base 36 act in the region of the traction sheave 4.1 only flanks 24 of the ribs 20 of the V-ribbed belt 12 with flanks 38 of the grooves 35 of the traction sheave 4.1 together. As a result, between the grooves 35 of the traction sheave 4.1 and the ribs 20 of the V-ribbed belt 12, a wedge effect is created, which improves the traction capability. Further, the wedge effect can be improved if the lying between the grooves 35 of the traction sheave 4.1 circumferentially extending ridges 37 of the traction sheave 4.1 are slightly less high than the recesses 26 between the ribs 20 of the support means 12 are deep. In this way, results in the meeting of the recesses 26 with the elevations 38, a cavity 28. As a result, forces are effective only on the flanks 24 of the ribs 20 and the flanks 38 of the grooves 35.

The support disks 4.2, 4.3 and guide disks 4.4 advantageously have grooves 35 without underlying groove bottom 36 and elevations 38 which are the same dimensions as the recesses 26 of the support means 12 on its traction side 18. This reduces the risk that the suspension means in the disk 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 jams and ensures good guidance with less traction.

For the consideration of special properties, it makes sense to provide the traction side and / or the back of the suspension element with a coating 62. This coating 62 may be applied, for example by flocking or extrusion, or be sprayed, laminated or glued. It may also preferably be a fabric 61 of natural fibers such as hemp or cotton, or of synthetic fibers such as nylon, polyester, PVC, PTFE, PAN, polyamide or a blend of two or more of these types of fibers. The fabric 61 may in turn be soaked or coated, for example, to achieve better adhesion with the underlying material of the body or / or with PTFE portions to obtain better sliding properties against wheels of the elevator installation.

The support means 12 in Fig. 4 For example, it is provided on its back 17 with a nylon fabric 61 which is impregnated with a PTFE solution and coated with a polyurethane-based adhesive to better bond it to the jacket body 15, which in this example consists essentially of ether-based polyurethane to be able to. During running of the suspension element 12 under opposite bending over a disc 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 of the elevator installation 19, the PU coating is quickly removed by wear and stabilized in nylon fabric 61 PTFE impregnant improved in further operation, the sliding properties of the support means back 17 relative to the discs 4.2, 4.3, 4.4.

In the in the Fig. 3a, 3b and 4 Examples shown are each rib 20 on the traction side 18, two tension members 22 assigned. For a favorable power transmission between the discs 4 in the elevator system 19 and the tension members 22 in the support means 12, the tension members 22 are each arranged centrally above the vertical projection 70 of a flank 24 of the rib 20 ( Fig. 3b ).

These forces are on the one hand the transmission of pure tensile forces in the belt longitudinal direction. On the other hand, in the wrapping of a pulley 4.1-4.4, forces are transmitted in a radial direction from the tension members 22 via the belt body 15 to the pulley 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4. The cross sections of the tension members 22 are dimensioned such that these radial forces do not cut through the belt body 15. In the case of wrap around a pulley in the tension members 22 additionally bending stresses due to the curvature of resting on the pulley support means 12 on. To these bending stresses in the tension members 22 at small bending radii, as in the course of the Supporting means 12 via small diameter disks 4 of an elevator system 19 occur to keep as low as possible, the per rib 20 forces to be transmitted to a plurality of tension members 22 and particularly favorable to two tension members 22 distributed as in Fig. 3a, 3b and 4 shown.

In Fig. 5 a further embodiment of a support means 12 according to the invention is shown, in which the support means 12 on the traction side 18 per rib 20 only has a tension member 22 made of fiber material. With the same dimensions of the support means 12 and its ribs 20, the tensile carriers 22 can be selected to be larger in diameter with only one tensile member 22 per rib 20 than in the examples in which two tensile members 22 are provided per rib 20. Larger diameters of the tension members 22 increase the load capacity of the tension members 22 with the same strength of the fibers, the latter simplifies or even allows the use of cords 9 stranded from strands 50 as tension members 22. In addition, the overall thickness of the suspension element 12 can be kept slightly lower.

With only one tension member 22 per rib 20, the tension members 22 are arranged centrally with respect to the tip of the rib 20. This central arrangement of the tension member 22 in the rib 20 ensures optimum power transmission via the rib flanks 24 between the tension member 22 and a traction sheave 4.1 an elevator system 19th

From the representation of Fig. 5 It can be seen that the tension members 22 are formed in this example as a simple stranded cords 9 with a central strand 40 and six around the central strand 40 stranded outer strands 44 (see also this Fig. 7 ), which is referred to briefly as 1 + 6 strand configuration. Also from the representation of Fig. 5 It can be seen that the tension members 22 are distributed alternately as left-handed (marking with S) and right-handed (marking with Z) cords 9 on the ribs 20.

In Fig. 7 are the cords 9 that are in Fig. 5 used as tension members 22 are shown again larger. Advantageously, the cords 9 are stranded in such a way that the yarns of the central strand 40 and the yarns of the outer strands 44 are left-handed (S), the outer strands 44 finally being twisted around the central strand 40 (Z), resulting in a total of a right-handed (Z). Cord 9 results. For a corresponding cord 9 of the other direction of rotation, the direction of impact of the yarns and the strands are to be reversed accordingly. Cords are also conceivable in which the direction of impact of the yarns in the strands goes in the same direction as the direction of impact of the strands in the cord. For example, the yarns in the strands are stranded left-hand (S) and the strands in the cords are also stranded. For a corresponding cord of the other direction of rotation, the direction of impact of the yarns and the strands must be reversed accordingly.

It is particularly advantageous for a cord 9, as it is in Fig. 7 is shown, the diameter of the central strand 40 chosen larger than the diameter of the outer strands 44, so that the outer strands 44 are present in the circumferential direction at a distance 60 to each other in the cord 9. This distance 60 allows penetration of the cladding material in the cord 9 and thus better integration of the tension member 9/22 in a sheath body 15. It has been found that the distance 60 should be at least 0.03mm in the presently proposed as sheath material polymers, wherein the distance should be greater, the greater the viscosity of the cladding material when applying the cladding material to the tension member 22.

Also as a tension member 22 for elevator support means 12 are simple stranded cords 9 according Fig. 7 suitable, instead of 6 outer strands 44 have a number n of outer strands 44, wherein n is preferably an integer between 3 and 10. In a 1 + 5 construction (a central strand and 5 outer strands), the central strand 40 preferably has a smaller diameter than the five outer strands 44 outside. The lay length of the cord is 3 to 12 times the diameter of the tension member. The hardness of the matrix varies between 50 Shore D and 75 Shore D. In the case of tensile carriers 22 present as cords 9, larger matrix hardnesses with higher abrasion resistance are required since the cord 9 experiences a wear-related relative movement of the strands 50, 40, 44 with one another.

A very simple cord 9, which can be made well from fibrous material of the type proposed and which can be well integrated into a sheath material, is disclosed in US Pat Fig. 6 shown. Here three strands 50 are stranded with the same diameter either left-handed or right-handed with each other, the yarns of the strands are beaten in each case in the opposite direction to the stranding of the strands 50 advantageously.

In Fig. 11 is a development of the tension member 22 from Fig. 6 shown. In addition to the three core strands 50/42, fillers 30 are provided which increase the stability of the cord 9 and, as appropriate Diameter can also contribute to a better integration of the cord 9 in a jacket material. Instead of a filler 30 or instead of all fillers 30 and indicator elements can be stranded with the strands 50/42, the electrically conductive material, such as carbon fibers or metal wires, especially copper or silver wires, or optically conductive material, such as fine glass cable , are made. Such indicator elements are used together with corresponding sensors for monitoring the elevator support means.

In general, such indicator element can either be stranded in a tensile carrier or helically wound around it. But they can also be stretched out parallel with him or separated from him embedded in the jacket material. In Fig. 8 are indicated in the outer strands 44/50 indicator elements 72 by a dot. The indicator elements 72 in this example are stranded with the corresponding yarns in the outer strands 44.

In the Fig. 8 to 10 Further embodiments for tension members 22 are shown, wherein these tension members 22 are double-stranded cords 9.

Fig. 8 is a development of the CORD 9 off Fig. 7 in that sense that the Cord 9 is off Fig. 7 serves as a core 41 around which an outer strand layer 48 is stranded with outer strands 44, wherein the direction of impact of the yarns in the strands of the direction of impact of the strands in the cord or opposite to the soul is chosen. The number n of the outer strands 44 in this example is 12, but may also be an integer between 3 and 20.

The in the FIGS. 9 and 10 shown two-stranded cords 9 have as soul 41 three stranded core strands 42 (see also Fig. 6 ) around which an outer strand layer 48 is stranded with outer strands 44. The direction of impact of the yarns is in turn chosen opposite to the direction of impact of the strands. In the example of Fig. 9 are 8 outer strands 44 and in the example of Fig. 10 7 outer strands 44 have hit the soul 41. The number n of the outer strands 44 can also be an integer between 3 and 20.

Fig. 12 shows a further embodiment of an elevator support means 12. This support means 12 is constructed analogously as the support means Fig. 5 with one tension member 22 per rib 20, but in contrast to the example Fig. 5 no back coating on and instead of the simple cords with a strand configuration 1 + 6, single-stranded cords 9 with Warrington configuration.

In the example of Fig. 14 This is a standard Warrington configuration similar to wire rope (EN 12385-2: 2002). This standard Warrington configuration is also referred to briefly as the strand configuration (1a-6b-6c + 6d) W, where W stands for Warrington. The number-letter combinations are viewed from left to right, for the number of strands of diameter, the diameter being indicated by the letter, and the strands 50 being indicated in order from inside to outside. Number-letter combinations associated with dashes (-) represent successive strand layers, plus (+) connected number-letter combinations represent strands 50 in the same strand layer. As already mentioned, the letter stands for the diameter and the number before the letter for the number of strands 50 of this diameter. The clip expresses the stranding. Thus, (1a-6b-6c + 6d) W results in a configuration with a central strand 50 of diameter a surrounded by a first strand layer with 6 strands 50 of diameter b and a second strand layer with 6 strands 50 of diameter c and 6 strands of diameter d, simply stranded together in a Warrington configuration.

In the example off Fig. 13 it is a modified Warrington configuration with a core of three core strands 42 of the same diameter a and a first strand layer of 6 strands 50 with diameter b and 12 strands 50 with diameter c or in short written a strand configuration (3a-6b + 12c) W.

Like the embodiment in Fig. 15 shows, it is possible to provide more than two tension members 22 per rib 20. Shown are in Fig. 15 three tension members 22 per rib 20, wherein the ribs 20 viewed in cross-section are designed trapezoidal. The respective middle tension member 22 is arranged centrally in the rib 20 and the two tension members 22 framing it in the rib 20 are preferably arranged again centrally over a flank 24 or in the area of the projection surface 70 of the flank 24. In addition to the number of three tension members shown here, four or five tension members per rib are conceivable, wherein also cross-sectional shapes of the ribs are conceivable, as in Fig. 3b are shown.

Small dimensions and a low weight can generally be achieved for a ribbed suspension element 12 in that the distances X (cf. Fig. 15 ) between the outer contours of the tension members 12 and the surfaces / flanks of the ribs 20 are made as small as possible. Optimal properties have shown suspension means 12, in which these distances X amount to at most 20% of the total thickness s of the suspension element. As total thickness s (cf. Fig. 15 ) is the entire thickness of the belt body 15 including the ribs 20 to understand.

In contrast to the examples in Fig. 3a, 3b . 4 and 5 is the support means 15 in Fig. 15 on its flat side 17 is not provided with a coating. For this purpose, however, it has on its traction side 18 a coating 62 indicated by a dashed line, with the aid of which the friction coefficient and / or wear in cooperation with the traction sheave 4.1 and / or another pulley 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 of the elevator installation 19 is set , Also, this coating 62 preferably comprises a fabric 61, in particular a nylon fabric.

Instead of the cords 9 produced from lices 50 described so far, simple strands 50 made of stranded yarns can also be provided as tension members 22 of the suspension elements 12 according to the invention. Furthermore, strands 50 which are used as tension members 22 and have a left-handed torque from the stranding of the yarns are shown with an S, as shown in FIG Fig. 16 is shown. Stranded wires 50, which are used as tension members 22 and have a right-handed torque from the stranding of the yarns, are represented by a Z, as shown in FIG Fig. 17 is shown. Fig. 16 shows a left-stranded (S) strand 50 in a stranded indicator element 72. Indicator element 72 is symbolized by a black dot, in this case a carbon yarn that has been integrated into the strand 50 for later monitoring of the suspension 12 by resistance measurement.

The use of strands 50 as a tension member 22 represents a very cost-effective compared to stranded cords 9, since at least one production step is eliminated. Since, however, higher bending stresses result in stranded tensile carriers with the same tensile carrier diameter than in cord tensile carriers, such tensile carriers 22 are preferably used in suspension elements 12, which are provided for elevator systems with large traction sheaves 4.1. In the integration of spaced apart juxtaposed strands 50 as a tension member 22 in the jacket body 15 of an elevator support means 12, a softer matrix tends to be used than in cords 9, because there is no relative movement of strands 50 directly adjacent to each other between the strands 50. The softer matrix makes the strand 50 more flexible. The stresses occurring in the strand 50 can be better degraded by stretching in the softer matrix material than in a hard, rather brittle, but more abrasion-resistant matrix material. The matrix hardness is preferably in the range of 50 Shore A to 54 Shore D.

Optionally, strands 50 with yarns of different lay lengths can be used. The inner yarns of a strand 50 then preferably have a shorter lay length than the outer yarns. As with the cords 9 with different strand lay lengths (see above) can be achieved in this way that the filaments of the yarns tear simultaneously regardless of their location in the strand.

When fibrous materials which are prone to creep, such as high modulus polyethylene (HMPE), known under the Dyneema® and Spectra® brands, are used as fibers for tensile members 22 in elevator support means 12, hybrid constructions can be provided. For example, in addition to the tension members 22 made of creep-prone fibers, a certain amount of tension members of creep-tending fiber material in a tension member distributed uniformly therebetween may be used. Or alternatively, a portion of such tension member 22 may be formed from other non-creep fibrous materials, e.g. Polyamide, be prepared. Advantageously, filaments of the creeping fiber material are uniformly mixed with the filaments of the non-creeping fiber material or an inner part of the tension member is formed with the filaments of the creeping fiber material and an outer part with the filaments of the non-creeping fiber material or vice versa, depending on the fibers used.

In Fig. 18 a support means 12 is shown with tension members 22 which are formed as strands 50. On the traction side 18 a plurality of ribs 20 are provided, each rib 20 are assigned two tension members 22. The tension members 22 are adjacent to each other and spaced apart from each other in a plane, with tension members S alternating with left-handed torque with tension members Z with right-handed torque. The flat back of the tension member 22 is provided with a designed as a sliding coating cover layer 62, the Contains tetrafluoroethylene in this example, in order to reduce the coefficient of friction when interacting with deflecting 4.4 or disks 4.2, 4.3. The layer 62 is designed as a film-like polymer-based coating with polytetrafluoroethylene particles and contains a fabric 61 coated or impregnated with this polymer material. The polytetrafluoroethylene particles preferably have a particle size of 10 to 30 micrometers.

In Fig. 19 a suspension element 12 with a relatively small width and only two ribs 20 on the traction side 18 is shown. In turn, it has a coating 62 on the flat rear side, but here it is designed as a dispersion layer of jacket material with polytetrafluoroethylene particles enclosed therein. Each rib 20 of the support means 12 are associated with three tension members 22, which are designed as strands 50 of stranded yarns. The tension members 22 are adjacent to each other and spaced apart from each other in a plane, with tension members S alternating with left-handed torque with tension members Z with right-handed torque.

For all elevator support means 12 with coatings applies that they can be applied over the entire length of the support means 12 or only one or more, certain lengths of the support means 12. In particular, those lengths of the support means 12 may be coated, which cooperate in a sitting of the car 3 or the counterweight 8 - for example, on a buffer in the pit - with the traction sheave or other disc.

Fig. 20 shows a variant of the support means Fig. 19 in which each rib 20 is assigned four tensile straps 22 designed as strands 50. It is understood that this support means 12 with two ribs 20 on the traction side 18 more than four or even three, only two tension members 22 or only one tension member 22 per rib 20 may have. In the case of a large number of tension members 22 per rib 20, the tension members 22 are preferably in the form of a stranded wire 50, but with a small number of tension members 22 per rib 20, they are preferably designed as a cord 9. Incidentally, this applies to all suspension elements 12 described here, regardless of their absolute width and their traction-side rib number.

Cords are more expensive than strands, but they are also more flexible and therefore more suitable for small disc diameters than strands.

The FIGS. 21 and 22 show further variants of the support means 12, in which the tension members 22 are arranged in a plane next to each other and formed as strands 50. Tensile beams S with left-handed torque alternate with tension member Z with right-handed torque. In contrast to the examples from the Fig. 18, 19, 20 However, the strands 50 are combined to oval tensile carrier units 25 in which the strands are in contact with each other. In the example of Fig. 21 four strands 50 are combined to form a tensile carrier units 25, wherein each one Zugträgereinheit 25 is associated with a rib. The support means 12 in Fig. 21 has traction side three ribs 20. The suspension means off Fig. 22 again has a plurality (more than three, although only three are shown) of ribs 20, wherein each tension member unit 25 comprises two strands 50. The tension member units 25 are arranged at regular intervals from each other in a plane, each two tension member units 25 are associated with a rib.

The cohesion of the strands 50 in Zugträgereinheiten 25 can be effected by a common coating layer, by welding, gluing or by an adhesion layer. Due to these constructions of the tension members, a better space efficiency of the tension members in the belt compared to cords or strands can be produced as tension members. In addition, this can be used to produce a tension member which has a high breaking load and, due to its low height, a high bending flexibility.

In Fig. 23 a variant of the support means 12 is shown, which is relatively wide and the traction side has a plurality of ribs 20. The tension members 22 are in turn arranged in a plane next to each other and designed as strands 50, which alternate left-handed and right-handed in their torque. How clear Fig. 23 to recognize, the strands are in this embodiment in close contact side by side, similar to a made of parallel strands 50 continuous band. By these constructions of the tension members 22, an even better space efficiency of the tension members in the belt compared to cords or strands can be produced as tension members. In addition, this can be a Zugträger produce, which has a very high breaking load and high bending flexibility due to its very low height.

The cohesion of the strands into a band can be effected by a common coating layer, welding, gluing or by an adhesion layer.

In Fig. 24 a further variant of the support means 12 is shown, which identifies exactly two ribs 20 on its traction side 18. The ribs 20 are assigned in this example again exactly two tension members 22. In addition, the support means is provided on its rear side 17 with a guide rib 27. The guide rib 27 interacts with deflection, guide and support disks 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, which have a corresponding guide groove for receiving the guide rib 27 (not explicitly shown). The suspension. out Fig. 24 is higher than wide or at most the same height as wide.

In a further embodiment, as in Fig. 25 is shown, this support means 12 only one tension member 22 per rib. But it can also in this in the Fig. 24 . 25 illustrated embodiment of the support means 12 more than two tension members per rib, in particular three, four or five tension members 22 per rib 20 may be provided. The tension members 22 can be made as strands 50 or as cords 9. Like the other embodiments of the elevator support means, it may be provided on the traction side 18 and / or the back 17 with a coating, in particular a fabric. Conversely, the other embodiments of the suspension element 12 shown here can also be provided with one or more guide ribs 19 on the rear side 17. These can be equal to or greater than the ribs 20 on the traction side 18 and can be made of a different material for better stability of the support means 12 or over the length of the support means 12 extending stabilizing elements (not shown) similar to the tension members 22 included.

Fig. 26 shows a variant of the support means 12 Fig. 25 with exactly two ribs 20 on the traction side 18, but without guide rib on the back. Pro rib 20 is again a tension member 22 is provided, which is surrounded on all sides by material of the sheath body 15. In contrast to the lift carriers, as used in the FIGS. 19 and 20 are shown here, the tension members 22 are not in the back half of the suspension element but the covering of the tension member 22 with jacket material 15 is approximately equal in the region of the ribs 20 and in particular in the region of the flanks 24 of the ribs 20 and against the rear surface 17 large. As with the suspension in the Fig. 19, 20 it is with lift means 12 of in Fig. 26 shown type possible to tailor the number of suspension elements very precisely to the required load capacity.

Fig. 27 shows a variant of the embodiment Fig. 26 in which the ribs 20 have a greater distance from one another. The two ribs 20 are connected in the embodiment shown by a web 74 of casing material 15 with each other. By choosing the length of the web or the distance of the ribs to one another, the size of the interacting surfaces between the traction side 18 of the suspension element and the contact surface of the traction sheave 4.1 (indicated by a dotted line and influence on the traction can be taken.) The larger the interacting surfaces all the more more traction.

The above-described individual features of the various embodiments of the elevator support means 12 can of course not be combined only in the manner described. Depending on the requirement profile of the elevator installation 19 for which the suspension element is intended, the person skilled in the art knows the features described, such as number of ribs on the traction side, number of ribs on the back, arrangement and number of tension carriers per rib, configuration of the tension members as strand or cord, cord construction and materials to combine in a meaningful way according to his needs.

Based on a designed as V-ribbed belt support means 12, as described above in its various embodiments, is in the following an elevator system 9 according to the invention, as in Fig. 1 is explained in more detail. The suspension element 12 is guided with its traction side 18 via the traction sheave 4.1, the counterweight sheave 4.3 and the guide sheaves 4.4, these are correspondingly provided at their periphery with grooves 35 which are formed complementary to the ribs 20 of the support means 20. Where the V-ribbed belt 12 wraps around one of the pulleys 4.1, 4.3 and 4.4, its ribs 20 lie in corresponding grooves 35 of the pulley, thus ensuring perfect guidance of the suspension element 12 on these pulleys.

The suspension element 12 is in the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment of an inventive elevator system 9 at one of its ends below the traction sheave 4.1 attached to a first support means fixed point 10. In principle, the classic cable end connections, such as wedge locks or variants with looped fasteners can be used to secure the suspension in the area of the suspension element fixed point. From this it extends down to a counterweight 8 arranged on the counterweight pulley 4.3, wraps around this and extends from this to the traction sheave 4.1 Es In this case, the traction sheave 4.1 wraps around at approximately 180 ° and runs downwards along the counterweight-side cabin wall. Then it undermines the car 3, wherein it wraps on each side of the elevator car 3 each mounted below the elevator car 3 cabin sheave 4.2 by approximately 90 °, and extends along the counterweight 8 remote cabin wall up to a second Tragmittelfixpunkt 11. To a To ensure better guidance of the support means 12 under the cabin floor 6 through, 4.2 guide discs 4.4 are provided between the two car washers. This is particularly useful for long distances between the cabin pulleys 4.2.

In the in Fig. 1 As shown in an elevator installation 9, a suspension element 12 according to the invention is guided over a traction sheave 4.1 tuned to the suspension element 12. As a result, the traction sheave 4.1 of the elevator installation 9 according to the invention can be selected to be very small, which reduces the space requirement and enables the use of a lighter, smaller machine. The plane of the traction sheave 4.1 is arranged at right angles to the counterweight-side cabin wall and its vertical projection is outside the vertical projection of the elevator car 3. The small pulley diameter makes it possible to keep the gap between the cabin wall and the hoistway wall of the hoistway 1 opposite it very small. Due to the small size and the low weight of the drive unit 2, it is possible to mount the drive unit 2 on one or more of the guide rails 5, 7 and support. In this way, it is possible to introduce the entire dynamic and static loads of the cabin and the engine as well as vibrations and noises of the running engine instead of in a shaft wall through the guide rails 5, 7 in the shaft bottom.

As in Fig. 4, 5 . 12 , etc., the support means 12 have a flank angle β of 90 °. The flank angle β is the angle enclosed by its two flanks 24 of a rib 20 of the suspension element 12. Experiments have shown that the flank angle β has a decisive influence on the development of noise and the formation of vibrations, and that for a designed as elevator support means V-ribbed belt edge angle β from 81 ° to 120 ° and better from 83 ° to 105 ° and even better from 85 ° to 95 ° are applicable. The best properties in this respect and also with regard to guidance are achieved with rib angles β of 90 °

Particularly simple suspension elements can be produced whose flank angle β in the ribs 20 is equal to the angles in the recesses 26. The same also applies to the production of grooved pulleys, which are fitted with grooves 35 or elevations 37 matching the intended suspension means, the flanks 38 of which each include a flank angle β 'in the groove 35 and the elevation 37.

About the Kabinentragscheiben 4.2 is the V-ribbed belt 12 in the elevator system 19 of Fig. 1 guided with a reverse bend, ie the ribs 20 of the V-ribbed belt 12 are located on the run on these discs on its side facing away from the Kabinentragscheiben 4.2 back 17 which is designed here as a flat side. For better lateral guidance of the V-ribbed belt 12, the car washers 4.2 can have lateral on-board discs. Another possibility to guide the support means laterally, is to arrange on the path of the support means 12 between the two car washers 4.2 two guide discs 4.4, as shown in this particular example. How out Fig. 1 it can be seen that the support means 12 is guided between the car washers 4.2 with its rib side over the provided with corresponding grooves guide discs 4.4. The grooves of the guide discs 4.4 cooperate with the ribs of the V-ribbed belt 12 as a side guide, so that the Kabinentragscheiben 4.2 require no on-board discs. This variant is advantageous because it causes no lateral wear on the support means 12 in contrast to a lateral guide means of flanged wheels. Depending on the cabin dimension, selected suspension and interaction of the discs with the support means, it is also possible to work without guide plates 4.4 between the Kabinentragscheiben 4.2 or instead of the shown two guide discs 4.4 under the cab 3 only one or more than 4.4 guide plates. In general, it is also possible to carry the suspension means instead of under the cabin on the cabin on the other side of the cabin (not shown).

In the in Fig. 1 shown elevator system 9 according to the diameter of all pulleys are the same. It is also conceivable that the pulleys have different size and the support and / or pulleys 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 have a larger diameter than the traction sheave 4.1 or have a smaller diameter than the traction sheave 4.1. However, discs 4.2, 4.3 may also be provided, of which the discs 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 have a larger diameter, the others a smaller diameter than the traction sheave 4.1. According to the invention, the suspension element used in the elevator system 12 is provided with tension members 22, which are present as a strand or cord. The Strands in the cords can all have the same diameter or be different in thickness. The diameter (s) of the thickest strand (s) are called the elementary diameter δ. Supporting means 12 and elevator installation 19 are matched to one another in such a way that a thickest stranded wire 50 having an elementary diameter δ experiences an elongation ε when running the suspension element 12 over a smallest disk 4 of the elevator installation 19 with a smallest pulley diameter D, which is smaller than the breaking elongation εb of FIG thickest strand 50 or the fiber material of the thickest strand 50.

Contrary to in Fig. 1 1: 1, 4: 1 elevator systems or any other suspension conditions can be designed as elevator systems according to the invention. Also, the drive with the traction sheave 4.1 does not necessarily have to be arranged at the top of the elevator shaft but can also be arranged, for example, in the shaft bottom or in the shaft in a gap next to the trajectory of the cabin and an adjacent shaft wall and in particular also above a shaft door. The element referred to here as a suspension element 12 can also be used as a pure suspension means or pure drive means.

As already mentioned above, in order to obtain an elevator installation with low maintenance costs, it is important, inter alia, to use a suspension element with a long service life in the installation. In addition, the cost can be reduced if a small lightweight motor with a small traction sheave can be used. The space required for an elevator installation can be further reduced if, in addition to the small traction sheave, additional disks with small diameters are used. Also advantageous for an elevator system is a well adapted to the defined requirements of this system traction between traction sheave and suspension element. As stated above, suspension means, as described in these documents, and elevator systems with such suspension means meet all these requirements.

Claims (10)

1. Elevator suspension means, which is intended for an elevator system (19), and is intended there for suspending and/or moving at least one elevator car (3), wherein the suspension means (12) can at least be guided and driven by way of a sheave (4), in particular a drive sheave (4.1), of a drive machine (2) of an elevator system (19), wherein D is the sheave diameter of the smallest sheave in the elevator system, wherein the suspension means (12) has a casing body (15) produced from a polymer and comprises at least one tension member (22) embedded in the casing body (15) and extending in the longitudinal direction of the suspension means (12), wherein the tension member (22) comprises a strand (50) twisted from yarns, the yarns of which are formed from filaments of synthetic and/or mineral fibre material, characterized in that the diameter of a thickest strand (50) in a tension member (22) is referred to as the elementary diameter δ and this thickest strand (50) has an elongation at break εb, and wherein the tension member (22) is substantially formed by a cord (9) of twisted strands (50) and the elementary diameter δ of the thickest strand (50) of the tension member (22) is determined in accordance with the following equation: δ = D / (1/εb - 1).
2. Elevator suspension means according to Claim I, wherein the elementary diameter δ of this thickest strand (50) is made to match a diameter D of a smallest sheave (4) of the predetermined elevator system (19) such that, when the elevator suspension means (12) is bent by the smallest diameter D, it undergoes a maximum elongation ε that is less than the elongation at break εb.
3. Elevator suspension means according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fibre material of the thickest strand (50) with the elementary diameter δ has an elongation at break εb in the range of 0.5% to 5% and the filaments of the yarns originate from the group of the following fibre materials: E-glass, S-glass, basalt, carbon, polyethylene, in particular HMPE, polyester, in particular LCP and TLCP, PVC, PTFE, PAN, nylon; polyamide, in particular aramid, PBO (poly-(benzoxazole)), M5 poly-[diimidazo pyridinylene (dihydroxy) phenylene], PIPD for short), hybrid fibres.
4. Elevator suspension means according to one of the preceding claims, in which the strands (50) in an outermost strand layer of the tension member (22) are spaced apart from one another, to be precise all the more the greater the viscosity of the casing material is when the tension member (18) is embedded in the casing (15) of the suspension means (12), wherein the spacing (60) is at least 0.03 mm.
5. Elevator suspension means according to one of the preceding claims, in which the tension member (22) comprises a matrix material which comprises a proportion by weight in the cured tension member (22) of 5% to 45% and comprises a polymer or a polymer blend with a polymer from the following group: polyurethanes, preferably polyurethanes soluble in water, epoxies, rubber-like elastomers, in particular EPDM, resorcinol formaldehyde latex.
6. Elevator suspension means according to one of the preceding claims, in which the casing body (15) comprises an elastomer or a polyblend with at least one elastomer from the following group: polyurethane, in particular thermoplastic, ether-based polyurethane; thermoplastic, ester-based polyurethane; polyamide, in particular on the basis of polyamide 11/polyamide 12; polyester, in particular TPC; natural and synthetic rubber, in particular NBR, HNBR, EPM and EPDM; chloroprene.
7. Elevator suspension means according to one of the preceding claims, in which one side of the casing body (15) is designed as a traction side (18), which is intended to interact with a traction sheave of an elevator drive, and one side of the casing body (15), lying opposite from the traction side (18), is designed as the rear side (17) of the suspension means (12), wherein the tension members (22) embedded in the casing body (15) are arranged next to one another in a plane between the traction side (18) and the rear side (17), when considered in the width of the suspension means (12), and wherein the tension members are arranged in the plane such that they are in contact with one another.
8. Elevator system with at least one sheave (4), by way of which an elevator suspension means (12) is guided, wherein at least one sheave (4) is a drive sheave (4.1) of a drive machine (2), which drives the suspension means (12), which moves and/or carries at least one elevator car (3), wherein D is the sheave diameter of the smallest sheave in the elevator system, wherein the suspension means (12) comprises a casing body (15) produced from a polymer and at least one tension member (22) embedded in the casing body (15) and extending in the longitudinal direction of the suspension means (12), wherein the tension member (22) has a strand (50) twisted from yarns, the yarns of which are formed from filaments of synthetic and/or mineral fibre material, wherein the tension member (22) is substantially formed by a cord (9) of twisted strands (50), characterized in that the elementary diameter δ of the thickest strand (50) of the tension member (22) is determined in accordance with the following equation: δ = D / (1/εb-1).
9. Elevator system according to Claim 8, wherein the elevator suspension means (12) is formed according to one of Claims 2 to 7.
10. Elevator system according to either of Claims 8 and 9, in which the driving sheave (4.1) is the sheave (32) with the smallest sheave diameter D.

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