EP2361212A1

EP2361212A1 - Elevator support means, manufacturing method for said support means and elevator system comprising said elevator support means

Info

Publication number: EP2361212A1
Application number: EP09793542A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Florian Dold; Reinhard Glienke; Guntram Begle
Original assignee: Inventio AG
Current assignee: Inventio AG
Priority date: 2008-12-22
Filing date: 2009-12-18
Publication date: 2011-08-31
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-18
Also published as: WO2010072690A1; CN102264623B; EP2361212B1; CN102264623A

Abstract

Elevator support means for supporting and/or moving at least one elevator cabin (3), and elevator system comprising said support means, and manufacturing method for said support means, wherein the elevator support means (12) can be guided and driven at least by way of a pulley (4), in particular a drive pulley (4.1) of a prime mover (2) of an elevator system (1), and wherein the support means (12) comprises a polymeric casing member (15) and at least one tensioning support (22) embedded in the casing member (15), said at least one tensioning support extending in the longitudinal direction of the support means (12), wherein the tensioning support (22) comprises a twisted braiding (50) of yarns, and wherein the yarns are formed from filaments made of synthetic and/or mineral fiber material.

Description

Elevator support means, manufacturing method for such a suspension and elevator installation with such a lift support means

The invention relates to a support means for moving and / or carrying an elevator car in an elevator system according to claim 1, and a corresponding

Elevator installation as defined in claim 23 and a method of manufacturing such a suspension according to claim 30.

Elevator systems of the type according to the invention usually have an elevator car and usually a counterweight connected to the elevator car, which can be moved in an elevator shaft or along free-standing guide devices. To generate the movement, the elevator installation has at least one drive with at least one traction sheave each, which interacts with the elevator car and optionally with the counterweight via drive and / or suspension means. The suspension means carry the elevator car and optionally the counterweight and the drive means transmit the required driving forces to them. Often, however, the drive means also takes over the supporting function at the same time. In the following, therefore, for the sake of simplicity, the carrying and / or drive means will only be referred to as suspension means.

The suspension element is an essential element in an elevator installation. Its design, in particular its weight, its longitudinal stiffness, traction and Biegewechselfestigkeit affect the design of the entire system, for example, in their space and energy consumption and maintenance. In the past 10 to 20 years, various attempts have been made to replace the classic "steel cable" suspension by lift support means with lower bend diameter and higher traction.

A flat suspension element with an elastomer jacket and a tension member made of a composite and oriented in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element discloses WO2009 / 090299. The tension member has a plastic matrix, preferably of epoxy, with glass fibers or carbon fibers embedded therein parallel and embedded in the longitudinal direction of the tension member.

Such a suspension should have a very low weight and a high dimensional and temperature stability. EP1905891 discloses a flat support means with elastomeric sheath and tension members made of cords stranded synthetic fibers such as aramid, polyethylene, polyester, Vectran® embedded in a matrix of polyurethane.

The present invention has as its object to provide a suspension means with low weight and good traction properties available and to show an elevator system that can be operated with such a support means with low maintenance, long life and high efficiency, and a cost-effective and simple To provide method for producing a support means for such an elevator system.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the support means specified in claim 1, an elevator system with such a support means according to the features of claim 23, and a manufacturing method according to the features of claim 30.

The elevator support means for carrying and / or moving at least one elevator car in an elevator installation is adapted to run over at least one disc and to be in traction engagement and driveability when running over a traction sheave of a prime mover of the elevator installation. For this purpose, the support means has a jacket made of a polymer and at least one embedded in the shell body, extending in the longitudinal direction of the support means tensile carrier. The tension member comprises at least one strand of stranded wire with an elementary diameter δ whose yarns are formed from filaments of synthetic and / or mineral fiber material.

The elevator installation comprises at least one pane over which the suspension element is guided, which moves at least one elevator cage. Advantageously, the support means also moves a counterweight. The at least one disc in the elevator system is a traction sheave, which belongs to a drive machine and is driven by this rotating. The guided over the traction sheave support means is moved by means of traction of the traction sheave and transmits this movement to the connected to the suspension means car and possibly the counterweight. Preferably, however, the suspension element not only transmits the movement to the cabin and possibly the counterweight, but at the same time carries it. The method of manufacturing the elevator support comprises the steps of: a) selecting tensile support material from synthetic and mineral fiber materials; b) strand filaments of tensile carrier material into strand; c) embed tensile members with at least one strand with an elementary diameter δ in a jacket material.

The elementary diameter δ of the thickest strand of the tension member is selected as a function of the maximum elongation at break of the tensile material and adapted to the diameter of the smallest disc of the elevator installation, taking particular care that the bending in the strand with the largest imposed on the tension member by the smallest disc Diameter causes an elongation which is smaller than the maximum elongation at break of the strand.

The tensile carrier material is selected from high-strength fiber materials. The tensile carrier made of such material may be in the form of a strand or in the form of strands stranded into a cord. The strands of fiber material stranded into a cord can have different diameters or, preferably, they can all be of the same thickness and have the same diameter. Advantageously, the cords are made by single or double stranding of strands.

A strand comprises stranded yarns, which in turn consist of unstretched or unidirectional yarns

Fibers are constructed. A cord is constructed from stranded strands, with single-stranded or double-stranded cords being preferred and, in particular, cords having one or two or three strand layers being used. In individual cases, more than three layers of strands may be provided or a higher stranding, but this usually makes special provisions for wear necessary.

The yarns or strands are impregnated with an impregnating agent. The polymer-based impregnant forms a matrix in which the fibers are embedded so that they are protected from wear and abrasion. In addition, incorporation of the fibers into the matrix facilitates workability (stranding) and improves the adhesion of the sheath material to the tension members formed from the fibers.

Suitable impregnating / matrix materials are: polyurethanes, in particular water-soluble or solvent-soluble polyurethanes, and also epoxides and certain rubber-like elastomers, such as EPDM, wherein the impregnating agent is adapted to the fiber material and the jacket material. For example, epoxides are well suited as a matrix material for mineral fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers; By contrast, soluble polyurethanes are particularly suitable for some synthetic fibers such as polyamide fibers, Zylon and others.

The matrix content is between 5% and 45% based on the cured composite material of fibers and matrix. The hardness of the cured matrix material is between 40 Shore A and 60 Shore D and can be controlled primarily by the percentage of matrix in the composite but also by additives such as plasticizers.

In order to reduce wear between the strands in tensile straps designed as cords, so-called matrix lubrication, e.g. PTFE powder, or even the processing of PTFE yarns used. For tension members in strand form or strands of tension members in cord form, which are in direct contact with the jacket or with the material of the suspension element body, no matrix lubrication should be used. Here polyethylene fibers can be provided in the tensile carrier very advantageous, since these fibers also have a lubricating effect to some extent, which protects the strands from wear. Of course, polyethylene fibers may be provided inside a strand or a cord, and their lubricating effect may be usefully employed there.

The following materials are suitable as fiber materials: Glass fibers of different quality and composition, such as E glass or S glass, polyethylenes (eg Dyneema® or Spectra®), polyesters, in particular LCP (Liquid Cristal Polymer, especially Celanese Acetate, such as Vectran®) , Nylon, basalt, aramid (eg, Kevlar®, Technora®, and Twaron®), PBO (poly (benzoxazoles) such as Zylon®), and M5 (poly- [diimidazo-pyridinylene (dihydroxy) -phenyls] and carbon fibers In addition, so-called hybrid fibers, ie commercial fiber mixtures such as K-Spectra® can be used.

An optimization of the tensile carriers can be done not only by the choice of commercially available hybrid fibers but also by a specific combination of fibers of different fiber materials in a tensile carrier, especially in combination with a specific space allocation of different fibers within yarns, strands and cords. In this way, tension members can be obtained with properties ideally matched to the respective mechanical requirements. In one embodiment, for example, a fibrous material with a large elongation at break is provided inside the strand, in the layer above a fibrous material having a smaller elongation at break. In this way it can be achieved that the fibers of the outer layer of strands and the fibers of the core tear each other instead of one after the other. Strands of this type are preferably taken separately as a tensile carrier in a suspension means. In special cases, however, cords can also be formed from such strands and these cords can then be used as tension members in a suspension element of an elevator installation.

In another embodiment, inside the cord is a soul of one

Fiber material provided which has a greater elongation at break than the fiber material in the outer strands. Thus, a cord structure with stranded fibers results, in which the inner strands of the cord have a greater elongation at break than the strands in the position above. In this way, it can be ensured that all the strands in the cord tear simultaneously and not sequentially, thereby maximizing the breaking strength of the cord. In addition, the more uniform distribution of the tensile forces in the strands of the cords increases the life of the suspension element.

The design of strands or cords with an elongation at break, which is greater inside than outside leads to tension members, which have under load an optimized over their cross-section considered breaking strength, and in which no creeping failure must be feared.

In another embodiment, the elongation at break of the various strands is in a cord instead of over the fiber material by different lay lengths of the yarns in the

Litz realized. The strand or strands forming the core of the cord are then stranded with a shorter lay length than the strands in the overlying strand layers.

In this way, however, not only cords for lift support means with high durability, but also strands for elevator support means with high life can be produced: The yarns inside the strand are then stranded with a shorter twist length than the yarns capable of it. With tension members in the form of cords, particularly low-tensile tensile carriers result when the yarns of the strands are stranded in the opposite direction than the strands in the cord. Particularly high breaking forces result for such tensile carriers, when the lay length of the yarns in the strands, is matched to the lay length of the strands in the cord, that the fibers are aligned approximately straight in the tension member.

Particularly good results in terms of manufacturability and service life are obtained with single-stranded and double-stranded cords formed from fibrous materials as tensile carriers.

Cords with cord configurations 1 + 6 (one central strand, six outer strands), Warrington configuration or Warrington-Seale configuration have proven to be very suitable. It should be noted here that with regard to the nomenclature of the cord configuration, essentially the nomenclature of the steel wire ropes has been used (see EN12385-2: 2002). The wires in the nomenclature of Drahtseilnorm be replaced in the present case, however, by strands, which are formed from stranded yarns of filaments.

The use of strands as a tensile carrier is a very cost-effective compared to stranded or braided cords, since a production step is eliminated. Such tension members are therefore preferably used in cooperation with large traction sheaves, since the bending stresses occurring here are relatively small. In the integration of spaced strands as a tensile carrier in the body or shell tends to be a softer, less abrasion resistant matrix material can be used, because there is no relative movement between touching strands occurs. For the embedding of fiber cords, on the other hand, a harder, abrasion-resistant matrix is required, since the cord is subjected to relative movements from strand to strand. The result of a softer matrix material is a flexurally soft strand, since the stresses that occur can be broken down more easily by strains in the matrix material. The hardness of the matrix material is generally in the range of 50 Shore A to 54 Shore D.

In a further embodiment, the suspension element exhibits, in addition to at least one of the properties described above, a tension member in which the strands are at least 0.03 mm apart from each other, at least in an outermost position. The distance is greater, the greater the viscosity of the polymer embedding the tension member when embedding the tension member. In a further embodiment, viewed radially from the outside inward, the more strand layers there are, the more strand layers in this shape are spaced from each other.

This measure (s) ensures a good mechanical connection of the tension member with the material of the suspension element body, which further increases the service life of the suspension element.

In a particular embodiment, the suspension element has more than one tension carrier extending in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element, wherein the tension members, viewed in the width of the suspension element, are arranged next to one another in a plane. In this way, at the same total load, the load must be absorbed by the individual tension members in the support means distributed to the plurality of tension members, which thus each have a lower elongation at break and thus a smaller diameter than a support means with a single tension member of the same material. Due to the distribution of the tension members in only one plane, the surface pressure can be distributed relatively evenly over all tension members, which increases the service life and ensures a smoother running of the suspension element over the discs. Due to the number of tensile carriers in a suspension means, the support means breaking forces can be scaled well.

The single-stranded strands are struck S or Z, that is to say left or right-handed, the double-stranded cords corresponding to SZ or ZS (for nomenclature, see EN 12385-2: 2002). Regardless of the type of stroke, cords and strands (even those that are declared as "low-revving" or "rotation-free") always have a certain amount of torque. If several strands or cords are provided as tension members in an elevator support means, then it is very advantageous if the overall torque is zero and the suspension element as a whole therefore is free of rotation. The easiest way to achieve this is when an equal number of left-handed and right-handed tensile carriers are provided with magnitude equal in terms of torques in the support means (even number of tensile carriers).

In another embodiment, the suspension element has a plurality of the tension members described above, wherein preferably all tension members have the same cord or strand configuration so that the load-bearing strength, stress ratios and expansion properties of all tension members are the same. In another embodiment, the support means comprises a plurality of tension members with different cord or strand configurations, the configurations with their specific properties being adapted to the position in the suspension element (central or external). This can be advantageous if the stresses on the tension members despite the arrangement in a plane position-dependent large deviations.

The jacket body of the suspension element is made of a polymer, preferably an elastomer. Elastomers can be adjusted in their hardness and bring in addition to the necessary hardness at the same time a sufficiently high wear resistance and elasticity. The temperature and weathering resistance and other properties of the elastomers also increase the service life of the suspension element. If the elastomer is also a thermoplastic elastomer, the suspension element with its body and the embedded tension members can be produced in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner, for example by extrusion.

Depending on the required friction factor between the traction side of the suspension element and the traction sheave or rear side of the suspension element and of another disc, the suspension element can be made of a single elastomer or of different elastomers, e.g. layered, with different properties.

Time-consuming tests have shown that polyurethanes, in particular thermoplastic, ether-based polyurethanes; Polyamides, in particular based on polyamide 1 l / polyamide 12 (PEBAX®); Polyester, in particular TPC (thermoplastic elastomers based on copolyester, for example Hytrel®), as well as natural and synthetic rubber, in particular NBR, HNBR, EPM and EPDM are particularly well suited as material for the body of the suspension element. Also chloroprene can be used in the body especially as an adhesive.

For the consideration of special properties, it is also possible to provide the traction side and / or the back of the suspension element with a coating. This coating can be applied, for example by flocking or extrusion, or even be sprayed, laminated or glued. It preferably comprises a fabric of natural fibers, such as hemp or cotton, or of synthetic fibers, such as for example, nylon, polyester, PVC, PTFE, PAN, polyamide, or a mixture of two or more of these types of fibers.

In a particular embodiment, the suspension element is designed on one side as a traction side, which has a plurality of ribs running parallel in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element. In this case, it is advantageous if the support means also has more than one in the longitudinal direction of the support means extending tension members. In such a case, the discs of the elevator system in the circumferential direction on extending grooves corresponding to the ribs of the support means. In particular, the traction sheave of the elevator system then has such grooves. The grooves of the elevator pulleys and the ribs of the support means are matched to one another such that the suspension means is well guided in the / the discs and results in a traction-promoting wedge effect on the traction sheave in the frictional interaction of ribs and grooves. The latter arises in particular when the tips of the V-ribs of the support means are not in contact with the groove bottom of the grooves of the traction sheave, so that the forces are transmitted only over flanks of the ribs or grooves. This is achieved by making the grooves e.g. undercut are executed.

In a particular embodiment, ribs on the traction side of the suspension element and the grooves of the traction sheave are equal to wedge-shaped, in particular a triangular or trapezoidal cross-section and with a flank angle ß or ß 'in the range of 81 ° to 120 °, better from 83 ° to 105 ° or 85 ° to 95 ° and best formed 90 °. The acute angle improves the leadership of the suspension element, especially in diagonal pull.

In addition, if the grooves of the traction sheave are provided with a deeper groove bottom, so that a wedge effect results when the grooves interact with the ribs, the traction is significantly increased and can be adjusted depending on the selected wedge angle of the ribs or grooves.

For a good guidance of the suspension element in the elevator installation, besides the traction sheave, also other sheaves may be provided with corresponding grooves, which engage with the ribs of the

Tragmittels correspond to the traction side. Of course, for the purposes of guiding, the grooves of these discs do not have to have a deeper groove bottom. For a long service life of the lift support with fiber tension carriers, care should be taken to ensure that the applied transverse forces do not become too great and that a uniform load distribution results in the suspension element. This is particularly advantageous in the case of two fiber-tension carriers per rib. The load distribution can also be improved if there are two

Tensile beams per rib, the tension members are each arranged in the region of the vertical projection P of a flank of the rib. In particular, the tension members should then be arranged centrally above the projection of the flank.

In another embodiment, three tension members per rib are provided. Again, the load distribution can be further improved if the respectively provided on the lateral rib edge tension members are arranged in the region of the vertical projection P of a flank of the rib.

It is also very advantageous if each rib of the support means is assigned exactly one tension member, since the forces from the flanks act uniformly from both sides on this one tension member. With the same rib size, tensile straps with a larger diameter can also be used in such an embodiment than in embodiments with a plurality of tension carriers per rib, without the running properties being negatively influenced.

A very uniform distribution of forces on all tensile carriers of the suspension element can be achieved with a tension member per rib, if it is arranged centrally with respect to the two rib edges.

In a further embodiment, the support means on exactly two ribs on the traction side. Such a suspension means offers in addition to the advantages of having a V-ribbed belt, the advantage that the number of suspension elements can be tuned very accurately to the load to be carried in the elevator.

In a particular embodiment, the support means with the exactly two ribs on the traction side a guide rib on its side opposite the traction side back to run in opposite bending over a correspondingly executed disc with guide groove without having to take additional measures for a lateral guidance of the suspension element.

In a further special embodiment, such a support means can also be higher than wide, which result in higher inner tension in the support center body during bending, which reduces the risk of jamming of the suspension element in a grooved disc.

Especially if fiber strands are provided as tensile carriers, the number of tensile carriers per rib can also be chosen to be much higher with a correspondingly small strand diameter. This can also go so far that the individual tension members are no longer spaced apart by jacket material in the suspension means but are packed tightly packed in a plane.

It is particularly advantageous to provide the tension members made of fiber material with one or more indicator elements. The indicator elements may be in the form of an electrically conductive, metallic wire or in the form of electrically conductive fibers (basalt, carbon) as yarn (s) or strand (s). Indicator elements may be stranded with the yarns and / or strands in the tension members or helically wrapped around them. You can also parallel to the train carrier together with it or separated from it in the

Jacket material to be embedded, the one or more indicator elements extend over the entire length of the support means and are contacted by metrology at least at one end. Electrically conductive indicator elements can be used for resistance measurements or temperature measurements for monitoring the tension members or also for monitoring the jacket condition. Details of the resistance measurement are disclosed in Applicant's EP Application No. 08172489.0, which is hereby incorporated into the present application. Instead of the electrically conductive elements, optically conductive elements can also be integrated into the tension members, in particular for the tension member monitoring, which then permit monitoring by means of light signals.

Alternatively, the monitoring of a Biegewechsel- and / or trip counter is possible: Here, for example, the number of bending changes, which has completed the support means counted. From life tests the breaking force degradation of the suspension element is known and it can after a certain number of bending changes on the suspension element state getting closed. Details of the change counter can be found in applicant's EP Application No. 08160740.0 and are hereby incorporated in this application.

In addition, a combination of Biegewechselzähler and / or trip counter with the monitoring methods by means of electrically conductive indicator elements is conceivable. As a result, the safety with regard to the Ablegereifeerkennung the fiber-carrying agent can be further increased.

If the suspension element comprises more than one tension member extending in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element, and if these tensile elements are arranged side by side, viewed in the width of the suspension element, then pulleys with smaller pulley diameters and a smaller, lighter motor can generally be used in the elevator installation The use of suspension means of equal load carrying only one or more tension members in different 'layers' - viewed radially outward from the axis of rotation of a disc - so as to save space and costs.

Advantageously, the traction sheave is the smallest disc of the elevator installation. If the traction sheave is arranged directly on a shaft of the drive motor, then the drive can be built very compact without a gear. Assembly and production are particularly simple if the traction sheave is formed integrally with a shaft of the drive motor.

Depending on the type of suspension 1: 1, 2: 1 or higher, the elevator system includes only the traction sheave (1: 1 suspension) or even various other discs over which the support means is performed. These discs can be pulleys, guide discs,

Cabin washers, counterweight washers. For reasons of space, preference is given to disks with small diameters and, in relation to smaller, lighter engines, in particular also traction disks with small diameters. The latter can be made particularly advantageous integrally with the shaft of the motor. The number of discs and their diameters depend on the suspension and the composition of the individual

Components of an elevator in the elevator shaft from. So it may happen that the discs have different diameters in an elevator system. The discs can be both larger and smaller than the traction sheave. If we talk about disks here, they can not only be disc-shaped but they can also be formed in a cylindrical shape, similar to a shaft. Their function is independent of this design issue, a deflection, carrying or driving the suspension.

It should be noted here that under elevator shaft is not necessarily a closed space is understood, but quite generally the construction, which usually defines the path of movement of the cabin and possibly counterweight by so-called guide rails, and added to or in the nowadays usually all components of the drive are (machine roomless elevator).

In the case of elevator systems, the static load-bearing device safety according to the standard (EN81, ASME 17.6) is usually designed with 12. One of the reasons why this high safety factor is chosen to be so high is that the service life and thus also the risk of discarding the suspension element are often not estimated accurately enough and / or could not be detected in good time. In the presently proposed plastic-coated support means, however, the life of the support means can be more accurately predetermined and monitored: the former, for example, by adjusting the elementary diameter of the thickest strand in a tension member to the smallest disc diameter of the elevator installation in which it is to be used; through accurate and permanent monitoring of shell condition and tensile state; through the use of tension members in which the filaments tear at the same time; by the exact matching of geometries and materials of the suspension element and the discs in the elevator system and the resulting low wear. The more accurate predictability of the service life and thus the discard readiness together with the permanent and comprehensive suspension device monitoring make it possible to design an elevator system without a safety loss with smaller cable safety devices, namely with cable safety factors between

8 and less 12. This lowers the cost price, maintenance and energy requirements and increases the efficiency of the system.

Further advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the other claims. As already apparent from the previous description, the features of the various embodiments can be combined with each other and are not limited to the examples in the context of which they are described. This will also become apparent from the following explanations of the invention with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings. The illustrated in the respective drawings Embodiments each show certain features in combination with each other. However, this does not mean that they can be used meaningfully only in the combination shown. On the contrary, they can equally well be combined with features of other examples shown or described.

The figures show by way of example and purely schematically:

1 shows a section parallel to an elevator car front through an elevator system according to the invention; 2a is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a support means according to the invention in the form of a flat belt;

2a enlarges a section of the flat belt of FIG. 2a, 3a shows a perspective view of a rib side of a first embodiment of a suspension element according to the invention in the form of a V-ribbed belt; 3b shows a cross-sectional view of the support means according to FIG. 3a with different

Examples of possible rib designs; 4 shows a section parallel to the axis of rotation of a traction sheave of an elevator installation and through a further embodiment of a suspension element running thereabove; 5 shows a section through yet another embodiment of a suspension element of the elevator installation perpendicular to its tension members;

6 to 11 each have a cross section through an embodiment of a tension member;

Fig. 12 shows a section analogous to that in Fig. 5 by a further embodiment of a

Elevator support means;

13 and 14 each have a cross section through a further embodiment of a tension member; Fig. 15 shows a section analogous to that in Fig. 5 by a further embodiment of a

Suspension element of the elevator installation;

Fig. 16 and 17 each have a cross section through a further embodiment of a tension member; FIGS. 18 to 26 sections analogous to that in FIG. 5 by further embodiments of a

Suspension elements;

1 shows a section through an elevator installation 19 according to the invention in an elevator shaft 1. Shown are essentially a drive unit 2 arranged at the top in the elevator shaft 1 with a traction sheave 4.1 and an elevator car 3 guided on car guide rails 5 with cabin supports attached underneath the cabin floor 6. Slices 4.2. In addition, a guided counterweight guide rails 7 counterweight 8 with a Gegengewichtstragscheibe 4.3 and a support means 12 which carries the elevator car 3 and the counterweight 8 and at the same time transmits the driving force of the traction sheave 4.1 of the drive unit 2 to the elevator car 3 and the counterweight 8. It can be provided as well as non-positive drives. Traktionsseitig, so to

Drive pulley out, the elevator support means 12 may have one or more smooth or profiled surfaces.

With the term support means 12, at least two elements are referred to in Fig. 1, which carry the car and the counterweight and move driven by the traction sheave. Furthermore, these are simply referred to as suspension means 12, although they exercise not only supporting but also driving function. Although the term "suspension means" is used below in the singular, it is clear to the elevator expert that, for safety reasons, at least two suspension elements 12 are generally present in an elevator installation. Depending on the cabin weight, suspension and carrying capacity of the support means 12, these can be used parallel to one another and running in the same direction or else in another configuration. Tswoi or more parallel and in the same direction running support means 12 may be combined to form a suspension element strand.

The suspension element 12 according to the invention has a jacket body made of a polymer

15, in which at least one extending in the longitudinal direction of the support means 12 Zugträger 22 is embedded. The tension member 22 has at least one stranded wire strand 50, wherein the yarns comprise filaments of synthetic and / or mineral fiber material.

The elevator installation 19 and the suspension element 12, as shown for example in FIGS. 2 a, 2 b, 3 a, 3 b, 4, 5, 12, 15 and further figures, are coordinated with one another such that the wheel diameter D of the smallest wheel 4 in FIG the elevator installation 19 and the elementary diameter δ of the thickest strand 50 of the tension member 22 are dependent on each other and depend on the elongation at break εb: δ = 2r / (1 / εb-1).

For a first estimate, the elongation at break values of the fiber manufacturers can be calculated. For an accurate determination of the elongation at break, the strands 50 with elementary diameter δ are subjected to tensile tests according to ASTM D 2256. As a base material for such tensile carriers 22, therefore, fiber material is used, the elongation at break εb is in a range between εb = 0.5% and 5%.

The following fiber materials have proven to be suitable: E glass, S glass, basalt, carbon, polyethylene, in particular HMPE, polyester, in particular LCP and TLCP, PVC, PTFE, PAN, nylon; Polyamide, in particular aramid, PBO (poly (benzoxazole)), M5 ((poly- [diimidazo pyridinylene (dihydroxy) phenylenej, PIPD short), hybrid fibers, which are already available as such.

Examples of combinations of pulley diameters D in [mm] and maximum elemental diameters δ ± 0.03 [mm] for different fiber materials are given below:

The tension members or the fiber material of the tension members is impregnated for a better abrasion resistance and a better adhesion to the jacket material.

For impregnation or as a matrix material, e.g. Polyurethanes, epoxies and impregnating agents based on chloroprene or rubber used. The impregnating agents are usually emulsions or solutions with aqueous or organic solvent.

Epoxies have proven to be very advantageous as impregnating agents for glass, basalt and carbon fibers, which also allow good bonding to polyurethane (PU) and polyamide-based or rubber-based sheath materials. Glass fibers can also be incorporated very well into rubber-like casing materials if they are impregnated with a rubber solution or the tensile carrier is coated with an adhesion layer of a rubber solution or latex (resorcinol formaldehyde latex). Polyurethane-based impregnating agents are also suitable for bonding to PU-based or polyamide-based casing materials, but they are better impregnated with synthetic fiber materials such as M5. Polyamide, in particular aramid, polyester and polyethylene interact. Particularly advantageous is the impregnation of polyester fibers with thermoplastic ester-based PU has been found. However, there are differences in the hydrolytic stability and the abrasion resistance between ester-based PU and ether-based PU, so that the impregnating agent should also be selected in accordance with the expected requirements. In addition to the interaction of the impregnating agent with the fiber material and the jacket material, other factors may also be relevant when selecting the impregnating agent, depending on the requirement profile.

In general, elastomers have proven to be a suitable sheath material for the body 15 of the

Suspension means 12 exposed. Particularly suitable are elastomeric polyurethanes, in particular thermoplastic, ether-based polyurethanes; Polyamides, in particular polyether block amides (PEBAX®); Polyester, especially TPC (e.g., Hytrel®); natural and synthetic rubber, in particular NBR, HNBR, EPM and EPDM. Chloroprene can also be used in the shell body 15. This elastomer has also been especially as

Adhesion agent between tension members and rubber-like elastomeric sheath materials, such as rubber, NBR, EPDM proven.

Depending on the specific requirements, the various polymers may be flexibilized, be provided with temperature stabilizers and / or UV stabilizers, be mixed with flame retardants and herbicides, etc. and / or, where necessary, be weather and hydrolysis resistant.

FIG. 2 a shows in perspective a section of an exemplary embodiment of a suspension element 12 according to the invention, in which the suspension element 12 is designed as a flat belt and is designed with a flat surface both on its traction side 18 and on its rear side 17 opposite the traction side. Tension members 22 according to the invention are arranged next to one another in a plane. They are embedded at uniform intervals in the polymer of the sheath body 15 of the support means 12 and selected in number and in their torques so that cancel their torques over the entire support means 12. The material of the sheath body 15 is located between the tension members 22 and around each tension member 22 around. In order to meet the specific requirements for the traction side 18 and the opposite rear side 17 (eg different hardness, wear resistance, friction coefficients), the illustrated suspension element 12 is multi-layered. On the traction side 18 is above the polymer of the base body 15 is a harder support layer 15a, which is provided with a coating 62 made of wear-resistant fabric 61. The hard support layer 15a is advantageous with respect to a uniform force distribution in the support means 12 when running over the traction sheave 4.1. The wear-resistant coating 62 with the fabric 61 protects against abrasion. On the rear side of the suspension element 12, a softer cover layer 15b is provided, at least in relation to the base layer 15a, which permits low-noise running over pulleys 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 of the elevator installation 19 under counterbending. A coating 62, which contains, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, reduces the friction when running the support means 12 via these discs 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 under counter-bending, which is the noise and low-wear

Slip and roll over these discs further improved. The thickness of the individual layers is not shown to scale and is selected according to the requirements.

Support means 12, as shown in Fig. 2a, 2b are preferably used in elevator systems 19, which are equipped with flat and / or cambered discs 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, and depending on needs also flanged wheels for better management exhibit.

Another example of a suspension element according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b. In this embodiment, the support means 12 is formed as a V-ribbed belt with a flat back 17 and a provided with ribs 20 traction side 18. Evident are its jacket body 15 with wedge-shaped ribs 20 and embedded in the body 15 according to the invention tensile carriers 22, which are arranged in a plane next to each other and spaced from each other. As shown in Fig. 3b, it is possible the ribs 20, viewed in cross section, instead of trapezoidal (Fig.2a) and triangular shape (Fig. 3b left) or triangular shape with rounded tip (Fig. 3b right). Pro rib 20 of the as

V-ribbed belt designed support means 12 two inventive tension members 22 are provided, which are each arranged centrally above a projection surface 70 of a flank 24 of the rib 20 of the support means 12. Per rib 20 of the support means 12 is ever one in its overall torque dextrorotatory tension member 22, designated "R", and in its overall torque left-turning tension member 22, designated "L", is provided. To this

Way, the torques of the individual tension members 22 cancel each other approximately and the support means 12 is almost free of torque. 4 shows a cross section through a V-ribbed belt 12 according to the present invention, which comprises a belt body 15 and a plurality of tension members 22 embedded therein. The belt body 15 is made of an elastic material such as natural rubber or synthetic rubber such as NBR, HNBR, ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), etc. Also, a variety of synthetic elastomers Polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polychloroprene (CR), polyurethane (PU) and especially for easier processing and thermoplastic elastomers, such as ether or ester-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) can be used as material for the Sheath body 15 can be used. In this particular example, the body 15 is made of ether-based thermoplastic PU.

4, the interaction of suspension elements 12 with traction-side V-ribs 20 with traction sheaves 4. 1 of elevator systems will be described below, which have grooves 35 formed essentially diametrically opposite to the ribs 20 in their periphery. The grooves 35 of such a traction sheave 4.1 advantageously have a groove bottom 36, which is lower than the tips of the engaging ribs 20 of the V-ribbed belt 12, which are flattened trapezoidal in this example. Because of the lower groove base 36 act in the region of the traction sheave 4.1 only flanks 24 of the ribs 20 of the V-ribbed belt 12 with flanks 38 of the grooves 35 of the traction sheave 4.1 together. This results in that between the grooves 35 of the traction sheave 4.1 and the ribs 20 of the

V-ribbed belt 12 creates a wedge effect that improves traction ability. Further, the wedge effect can be improved if the lying between the grooves 35 of the traction sheave 4.1 circumferentially extending ridges 37 of the traction sheave 4.1 are slightly less high than the recesses 26 between the ribs 20 of the support means 12 are deep. In this way results in the meeting of the wells 26 with the

Increases 38 a cavity 28. As a result, forces only on the flanks 24 of the ribs 20 and the flanks 38 of the grooves 35 are effective.

The support disks 4.2, 4.3 and guide plates 4.4 advantageously have grooves 35 without underlying groove bottom 36 and elevations 38 are the same dimensions as the

Recesses 26 of the support means 12 on its traction side 18. This reduces the risk that the suspension means jammed in the disc 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and ensures good leadership with less traction. For the consideration of special properties, it makes sense to provide the traction side and / or the back of the suspension element with a coating 62. This coating 62 may be applied, for example by Befiockung or extrusion, or even be sprayed, laminated or glued. It may also preferably be a fabric 61 of natural fibers such as hemp or cotton, or of synthetic fibers such as nylon, polyester, PVC, PTFE, PAN, polyamide or a blend of two or more of these types of fibers. The fabric 61 may in turn be soaked or coated, for example, to achieve better adhesion with the underlying material of the body or / or with PTFE components to obtain better sliding properties against wheels of the elevator installation.

The support means 12 in Fig. 4, for example, provided on its back 17 with a nylon fabric 61 which is impregnated with a PTFE solution and coated with a polyurethane-based adhesive to better with the jacket body 15 - in this example in Essentially consists of ether-based polyurethane - to weld. During running of the suspension element 12 under opposite bending over a disc 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 of the elevator installation 19, the PU coating is quickly removed by wear and stabilized in nylon fabric 61 PTFE impregnant improved in further operation, the sliding properties of the support means back 17 relative to the discs 4.2, 4.3, 4.4.

In the examples shown in FIGS. 3 a, 3 b and 4, each rib 20 on the traction side 18, two tension members 22 are assigned. For a favorable power transmission between the disks 4 in the elevator installation 19 and the tension members 22 in the suspension element 12, the tension members 22 are each arranged centrally above the vertical projection 70 of a flank 24 of the rib 20 (FIG. 3b).

These forces are on the one hand the transmission of pure tensile forces in the belt longitudinal direction. On the other hand, in the wrapping of a pulley 4.1-4.4, forces are transmitted in a radial direction from the tension members 22 via the belt body 15 to the pulley 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4. The cross sections of the tension members 22 are dimensioned such that these radial forces do not cut through the belt body 15. In the case of wrap around a pulley in the tension members 22 additionally bending stresses due to the curvature of resting on the pulley support means 12 on. To these bending stresses in the tension members 22 at small bending radii, as in the course of the Supporting means 12 via small diameter disks 4 of an elevator system 19 occur to keep as low as possible, the per rib 20 forces to be transmitted to a plurality of tension members 22 and particularly favorable distributed to two tension members 22, as shown in Fig. 3a, 3b and 4 shown.

In Fig. 5, a further embodiment of an inventive support means 12 is shown, in which the support means 12 on the traction te 18 per rib 20 has only one tension member 22 made of fiber material. With the same dimensioning of the support means 12 and its ribs 20, the tension members 22 can be selected to be larger in diameter than the examples in which only two tensile members 22 per rib 20 are used

Zugträger 22 are provided. Larger diameters of the tension members 22 increase the carrying capacity of the tension members 22 with the same strength of the fibers, the latter simplifies or even allows the use of cords 9 stranded from strands 50 as tension members 22. In addition, the overall thickness of the suspension element 12 can be kept slightly lower.

With only one tension member 22 per rib 20, the tension members 22 are arranged centrally with respect to the tip of the rib 20. This central arrangement of the tension member 22 in the rib 20 ensures optimum power transmission via the rib flanks 24 between the tension member 22 and a traction sheave 4.1 an elevator system 19th

From the representation of FIG. 5, it can be seen that the tension members 22 are formed in this example as simply stranded cords 9 with a central strand 40 and six outer strands 44 stranded around the central strand 40 (see also FIG. 7), which short referred to as 1 + 6 strand configuration. It can also be seen from the representation of FIG. 5 that the tension members 22 alternately act as left-handed (marking with S) and right-handed

(Marked with Z) Cords 9 are distributed on the ribs 20.

In Fig. 7, the cords 9, which are used in Fig 5 as a tension member 22 are shown again larger. Advantageously, the cords 9 are stranded in such a way that the yarns of the central strand 40 and the yarns of the outer strands 44 are left-handed (S), the outer strands 44 finally being twisted around the central strand 40 (Z), resulting in a total of a right-handed (Z). Cord 9 results. For a corresponding cord 9 of the other direction of rotation, the direction of impact of the yarns and the strands are to be reversed accordingly. Cords are also conceivable in which the direction of impact of the yarns in the strands goes in the same direction as the direction of impact of the strands in the cord. For example, the yarns in the strands are stranded left-hand (S) and the strands in the cords are also stranded. For a corresponding cord of the other direction of rotation, the direction of impact of the yarns and the strands must be reversed accordingly.

For a cord 9, as shown in FIG. 7, the diameter of the central strand 40 is selected to be greater than the diameter of the outer strands 44, so that the outer strands 44 are present in the circumferential direction at a distance 60 from one another in the cord 9. This distance 60 allows penetration of the cladding material in the cord 9 and thus better integration of the tension member 9/22 in a sheath body 15. It has been found that the distance 60 should be at least 0.03mm in the presently proposed as sheath material polymers, wherein the distance should be greater, the greater the viscosity of the cladding material when applying the cladding material to the tension member 22.

Also suitable as a tension member 22 for elevator support means 12 are single-stranded cords 9 according to FIG. 7, which instead of 6 outer strands 44 have a number n of outer strands 44, where n is preferably an integer between 3 and 10. For a 1 + 5 construction (a central strand and 5 outer strands), the central strand 40 preferably has a smaller one

Diameter than the five outer strands 44 outside. The lay length of the cord is 3 to 12 times the diameter of the tension member. The hardness of the matrix varies between 50 Shore D and 75 Shore D. In the case of tensile carriers 22 which are present as cords 9, larger matrix hardnesses with higher abrasion resistance are required since the cord 9 experiences a wear-related relative movement of the strands 50, 40, 44 with one another.

A very simple cord 9 that can be made well from fibrous material of the type proposed and that can be well bonded into a sheath material is shown in FIG. Here three strands 50 are stranded with the same diameter either left-handed or right-handed with each other, the yarns of the strands are beaten in each case in the opposite direction to the stranding of the strands 50 advantageously.

FIG. 11 shows a development of the tension member 22 from FIG. 6. In addition to the three core strands 50/42, fillers 30 are provided which increase the stability of the cord 9 and, as appropriate Diameter can also contribute to a better integration of the cord 9 in a jacket material. Instead of a filler 30 or instead of all filaments 30 and indicator elements can be stranded with the strands 50/42, the electrically conductive material, such as carbon fibers or metal wires, especially copper or silver wires, or optically conductive material, such as fine glass cable , are made. Such indicator elements are used together with corresponding sensors for monitoring the elevator support means.

In general, such indicator element can either be stranded in a tensile carrier or helically wound around it. But they can also be stretched out parallel with him or separated from him embedded in the jacket material. In Fig. 8, indicator elements 72 are indicated by a dot in the outer strands 44/50. The

Indicator elements 72 are stranded in this example with the corresponding yarns in the

Outer strands 44 before.

FIGS. 8 to 10 show further embodiments for tension members 22, wherein these tension members 22 are double-stranded cords 9.

Fig. 8 is a development of the cord 9 of FIG. 7, in the sense that the cord 9 of FIG. 7 serves as a core 41 around which an outer strand layer 48 is stranded with outer strands 44, wherein the direction of impact of the yarns in the Strands of the direction of impact of the strands in the cord or opposite to the soul is chosen. The number n of the outer strands 44 in this example is 12, but may also be an integer between 3 and 20.

The double-stranded cords 9 illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 have, as the core 41, three core strands 42 stranded together (see also FIG. 6), around which an outer strand layer 48 is stranded with outer strands 44. The direction of impact of the yarns is in turn chosen opposite to the direction of impact of the strands. In the example of FIG. 9, 8 outer strands 44 and in the example of FIG. 10, 7 outer strands 44 are wound around the core 41. The number n of the outer strands 44 can also be an integer between 3 and 20.

FIG. 12 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an elevator support means 12. This suspension element 12 has an analog construction to the suspension element from FIG. 5 with a tension member 22 per rib 20, but unlike the example from FIG. 5 has no backside coating and instead of simple cords with a strand configuration 1 + 6, single-stranded cords 9 with Warrington configuration.

In the example of Fig. 14 is a standard Warrington configuration as it is also known for wire ropes (EN 12385-2: 2002). This standard Warrington configuration is also referred to briefly as the strand configuration (la-6b-6c + 6d) W, where W stands for Warrington. The number-letter combinations are viewed from left to right, for the number of strands of diameter, the diameter being indicated by the letter, and the strands 50 being indicated in order from inside to outside. Number-letter combinations associated with dashes (-) represent successive strand layers, plus (+) connected number-letter combinations represent strands 50 in the same strand layer. As already mentioned, the letter stands for the diameter and the number before the letter for the number of strands 50 of this diameter. The clip expresses the stranding. Thus, (la-6b-6c + 6d) W results in a configuration with a central strand 50 of diameter a surrounded by a first strand layer with 6 strands 50 of diameter b and a second strand layer with 6 strands 50 of diameter c and 6 strands of diameter d, simply stranded together in a Warrington configuration.

The example of Figure 13 is a modified Warrington configuration having a core of three core strands 42 of equal diameter a and a first stranded layer of 6 strands 50 of diameter b and 12 strands 50 of diameter c or in short a strand configuration (3a-6b + 12c) W.

As the embodiment in Fig. 15 shows, it is possible to have more than two tension members 22 per

Provide rib 20. Shown in FIG. 15 are three tension members 22 per rib 20, wherein the ribs 20, when viewed in cross section, are trapezoidal in shape. The respectively central tension member 22 is arranged centrally in the rib 20 and the two tension members 22 framing it in the rib 20 are preferably arranged again centrally over a flank 24 or in the region of the projection surface 70 of the flank 24. In addition to the number of three tension members shown here, four or five tension members per rib are also conceivable, cross-sectional shapes of the ribs being conceivable, as illustrated in FIG. 3b. Small dimensions and a low weight can generally be achieved for a ribbed suspension element 12 in that the distances X (see FIG. 15) between the outer contours of the tension members 12 and the surfaces / flanks of the ribs 20 are made as small as possible , Optimal properties have shown suspension means 12, in which these distances X amount to at most 20% of the total thickness s of the suspension element. The total thickness s (see Fig. 15) is to be understood as meaning the entire thickness of the belt body 15 including the ribs 20.

In contrast to the examples in Fig. 3a, 3b, 4 and 5, the support means 15 in Fig. 15 on its flat side 17 is not provided with a coating. For this purpose, however, it has on its traction side 18 a coating 62 indicated by a dashed line, with the aid of which the friction coefficient and / or wear in cooperation with the traction sheave 4.1 and / or another pulley 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 of the elevator installation 19 is set , Also, this coating 62 preferably comprises a fabric 61, in particular a nylon fabric.

Instead of the cords 9 produced from lices 50 described so far, simple strands 50 made of stranded yarns can also be provided as tension members 22 of the suspension elements 12 according to the invention. Furthermore, strands 50 which are used as tension members 22 and have a left-handed torque from the stranding of the yarns are shown with an S, as shown in FIG. 16. Stranded wires 50, which are used as tension members 22 and have a right-handed torque from the stranding of the yarns, are represented by a Z, as shown in FIG. 17. FIG. 16 shows a left-stranded (S) strand 50 in an indicator element 72 integrated into the strand. Indicator element 72 is symbolized by a black dot, and in this case is a carbon yarn, which is used to later monitor the suspension element 12 by measuring resistance in the strand 50 was integrated.

The use of strands 50 as a tension member 22 represents a very cost-effective compared to stranded cords 9, since at least one production step is eliminated. Since in strands

Tensile beams but higher bending stresses result in the same Zugträgerdurchmesser than Cord- tension members, such tension members 22 are preferably used in support means 12, which are provided for elevator systems with large traction sheaves 4.1. In the integration of spaced apart juxtaposed strands 50 as a tension member 22 in the jacket body 15 of an elevator support means 12, a softer matrix tends to be used than in cords 9, because there is no relative movement of strands 50 directly adjacent to each other between the strands 50. The softer matrix makes the strand 50 more flexible. The stresses occurring in the strand 50 can be better degraded by stretching in the softer matrix material than in a hard, rather brittle, but more abrasion-resistant matrix material. The matrix hardness is preferably in the range of 50 Shore A to 54 Shore D.

Optionally, strands 50 with yarns of different lay lengths can be used. The inner yarns of a strand 50 then preferably have a shorter lay length than the outer yarns. As with the cords 9 with different strand lay lengths (see above) can be achieved in this way that the filaments of the yarns tear simultaneously regardless of their location in the strand.

When fibrous materials which are prone to creep, such as high modulus polyethylene (HMPE), known under the Dyneema® and Spectra® brands, are used as fibers for tensile members 22 in elevator support means 12, hybrid constructions can be provided. For example, in addition to the tension members 22 made of creep-prone fibers, a certain amount of tension members of creep-tending fiber material in a tension member distributed uniformly therebetween may be used. Or alternatively, a portion of such tension member 22 may be formed from other non-creep fibrous materials, e.g. Polyamide, be prepared. Advantageously, filaments of the creeping fiber material are uniformly mixed with the filaments of the non-creeping fiber material or an inner part of the tension member is made with the filaments of the creeping fiber material and a serer part with the filaments from the non-creeping

Fiber material designed or vice versa, depending on the fibers used.

In Fig. 18, a support means 12 is shown with tension members 22 which are formed as strands 50. On the traction side 18 a plurality of ribs 20 are provided, each rib 20 are assigned two tension members 22. The tension members 22 are adjacent to each other and spaced apart from each other in a plane, with tension members S alternating with left-handed torque with tension members Z with right-handed torque. The flat back of the tension member 22 is provided with a designed as a sliding coating cover layer 62, the Contains tetrafluoroethylene in this example, in order to reduce the coefficient of friction when interacting with deflecting 4.4 or disks 4.2, 4.3. The layer 62 is designed as a film-like polymer-based coating with polytetrafluoroethylene particles and contains a fabric 61 coated or impregnated with this polymer material. The polytetrafluoroethylene particles preferably have a particle size of 10 to 30 micrometers.

In Fig. 19, a support means 12 with relatively small width and only two ribs 20 on the traction side 18 is shown. In turn, it has a coating 62 on the flat rear side, but here it is designed as a dispersion layer of jacket material with polytetrafluoroethylene particles enclosed therein. Each rib 20 of the support means 12 are associated with three tension members 22, which are designed as strands 50 of stranded yarns. The tension members 22 are adjacent to each other and spaced apart from each other in a plane, with tension members S alternating with left-handed torque with tension members Z with right-handed torque.

For all elevator support means 12 with coatings applies that they can be applied over the entire length of the support means 12 or only one or more, certain lengths of the support means 12. In particular, those lengths of the support means 12 may be coated, which in a sitting of the car 3 or the

Counterweight 8 - for example, on a buffer in the pit - interact with the traction sheave or other disc.

FIG. 20 shows a variant of the suspension element from FIG. 19, in which each rib 20 is assigned four tension members 22 designed as strands 50. It is understood that even this suspension

12 with two ribs 20 on the traction side 18 more than four or even three, only two tension members 22 or only one tension member 22 per rib 20 may have. In the case of a large number of tension members 22 per rib 20, the tension members 22 are preferably in the form of a stranded wire 50, but with a small number of tension members 22 per rib 20, they are preferably designed as a cord 9. Incidentally, this applies to all suspension elements 12 described here, regardless of their absolute width and their traction-side rib number.

Cords are more expensive than strands, but they are also more flexible and therefore more suitable for small disc diameters than strands. FIGS. 21 and 22 show further variants of the suspension element 12, in which the tension members 22 are arranged next to one another in a plane and designed as strands 50. Tension members S with left-handed torque alternate with tension member Z with right-handed torque. In contrast to the examples from FIGS. 18, 19, 20, however, the strands 50 are combined to form oval tensile carrier units 25 in which the strands are in contact with each other. In the example of FIG. 21, four strands 50 are combined to form a tensile carrier unit 25, one tensile carrier unit 25 each being assigned to one rib. The support means 12 in Figure 21 has three ribs 20 on the traction side. The support means of Figure 22 again has a plurality (more than three, even though only three are shown) of ribs 20, each of them

Tensile carrier unit 25 comprises two strands 50. The tension member units 25 are arranged at regular intervals from each other in a plane, each two tension member units 25 are associated with a rib.

The cohesion of the strands 50 in Zugträgereinheiten 25 can be carried out by a common coating layer, by welding, gluing or by an adhesion layer. Due to these constructions of the tension members, a better space efficiency of the tension members in the belt compared to cords or strands can be produced as tension members. In addition, this can be used to produce a tension member which has a high breaking load and, due to its low height, a high bending flexibility.

In Fig. 23 a variant of the support means 12 is shown, which is relatively wide and the traction side has a plurality of ribs 20. The tension members 22 are in turn arranged in a plane next to each other and designed as strands 50, which alternate left-handed and right-handed in their torque. As clearly seen from Fig. 23, the strands in this embodiment are in close contact with each other, similar to a continuous strip made of parallel strands 50. By these constructions of the tension members 22, an even better space efficiency of the tension members in the belt compared to cords or strands can be produced as tension members. In addition, this can be used to produce a tension member, which has a very high breaking load and a high height due to its very low height

Bending flexibility has.

The cohesion of the strands into a band can be effected by a common coating layer, welding, gluing or by an adhesion layer. FIG. 24 shows a further variant of the suspension element 12, which has exactly two ribs 20 on its traction side 18. The ribs 20 are assigned in this example again exactly two tension members 22. In addition, the support means is provided on its rear side 17 with a guide rib 27. The guide rib 27 interacts with deflection, guide and support disks 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, which have a corresponding guide groove for receiving the guide rib 27 (not explicitly shown). The support means of Fig. 24 is higher than wide or at most the same height as wide.

In a further embodiment, as shown in Fig. 25, this support means 12 has only one tension member 22 per rib. However, it is also possible in this embodiment of the suspension element 12 shown in FIGS. 24, 25 to provide more than two tension members per rib, in particular three, four or five tension members 22 per rib 20. The tension members 22 can be made as strands 50 or as cords 9. Like the other embodiments of the elevator support means, it may be provided on the traction side 18 and / or the back 17 with a coating, in particular a fabric. Conversely, the other embodiments of the suspension element 12 shown here can also be provided with one or more guide ribs 19 on the rear side 17. These can be equal to or greater than the ribs 20 on the traction side 18 and can be made of a different material for better stability of the support means 12 or over the length of the

Support means 12 extending stabilizing elements (not shown) similar to the tension members 22 included.

Fig. 26 shows a variant of the support means 12 of Fig. 25 with exactly two ribs 20 on the traction side 18, but without guide rib on the back. Pro rib 20 is again a

Zugträger 22 is provided, which is surrounded on all sides by material of the jacket body 15. In contrast to the elevator support means, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the tension members 22 are not in the rear half of the suspension element but the covering of the tension members 22 with jacket material 15 is in the region of the ribs 20 and in particular in the region of the flanks 24 of the ribs 20 and against the back surface

17 about the same size. As with the support means in Figs. 19, 20, it is possible with elevator support means 12 of the type shown in Fig. 26, to tune the number of suspension elements very precisely to the required load capacity. Fig. 27 shows a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 26, in which the ribs 20 have a greater distance from one another. The two ribs 20 are connected in the embodiment shown by a web 74 of casing material 15 with each other. By choosing the length of the web or the distance of the ribs to one another, the size of the interacting surfaces between the traction side 18 of the suspension element and the contact surface of the traction sheave 4.1 (indicated by a dotted line and influence on the traction can be taken.) The larger the interacting surfaces the more more traction.

The above-described individual features of the various embodiments of the

Elevator support means 12 can of course not be combined only in the manner described. Depending on the requirement profile of the elevator installation 19 for which the suspension element is intended, the person skilled in the art knows the features described, such as number of ribs on the traction side, number of ribs on the back, arrangement and number of tension carriers per rib, configuration of the tension members as strand or cord, cord construction and materials to combine in a meaningful way according to his needs.

Based on a designed as V-ribbed belt support means 12, as described above in its various embodiments, will be explained in more detail below an elevator system 9 according to the invention, as shown in Fig. 1. The support means 12 is guided with its traction side 18 via the traction sheave 4.1, the counterweight sheave 4.3 and the guide discs 4.4, these are provided accordingly at their periphery with grooves 35 which are complementary to the ribs 20 of the support means 20. Where the V-ribbed belt 12 wraps around one of the pulleys 4.1, 4.3 and 4.4, its ribs 20 lie in corresponding grooves 35 of the pulley, whereby a perfect guidance of the

Supporting means 12 is ensured on these pulleys.

In the exemplary embodiment of an elevator installation 9 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1, the suspension element 12 is fastened at one of its ends below the traction sheave 4. 1 to a first suspension point 10. In principle, the classic cable end connections, such as wedge locks or variants with looped fasteners can be used to secure the suspension in the area of the suspension element fixed point. From there, it extends down to a counterweight 8 disposed on the counterweight 8 support pulley, wraps around this and extends from this to the traction sheave 4.1 Es In this case, the traction sheave 4.1 wraps around at approximately 180 ° and runs downwards along the counterweight-side cabin wall. Then it undermines the car 3, wherein it wraps on each side of the elevator car 3 each mounted below the elevator car 3 cabin sheave 4.2 by approximately 90 °, and extends along the counterweight 8 remote cabin wall up to a second Tragmittelfixpunkt 11. To a To ensure better guidance of the support means 12 under the cabin floor 6 through, 4.2 guide discs 4.4 are provided between the two car washers. This is particularly useful for long distances between the cabin pulleys 4.2.

In the example of an elevator installation 9 shown in FIG. 1, a suspension element 12 according to the invention is guided over a traction sheave 4.1 tuned to the suspension element 12. As a result, the traction sheave 4.1 of the elevator installation 9 according to the invention can be selected to be very small, which reduces the space requirement and enables the use of a lighter, smaller machine. The plane of the traction sheave 4.1 is arranged perpendicular to the gegengewichtsseiti- gene cabin wall and their vertical projection is outside the vertical projection of the elevator car 3. Due to the small pulley diameter, it is possible to keep the gap between the cabin wall and the opposite shaft wall of the hoistway 1 very small. Due to the small size and low weight of the drive unit 2, it is possible to mount the drive unit 2 on one or more of the guide rails 5, 7 and support. In this way, it is possible to introduce the entire dynamic and static loads of the cabin and the engine as well as vibrations and noises of the running engine instead of in a shaft wall through the guide rails 5, 7 in the shaft bottom.

As shown in Fig. 4, 5, 12, etc., the support means 12 have a flank angle ß of 90 °. The flank angle β is the angle enclosed by its two flanks 24 of a rib 20 of the suspension element 12. Experiments have shown that the flank angle ß has a decisive influence on the noise and the formation of vibrations, and that for a designed as elevator support means V-ribbed belt flank angle ß from 81 ° to 120 ° and better from 83 ° to 105 ° and even better from 85 ° to

95 ° are applicable. The best properties in this respect and also with regard to guidance are achieved with rib angles β of 90 ° Particularly simple suspension means can be produced whose flank angle ß in the ribs 20 is equal to the angles in the recesses 26. The same also applies to the production of grooved pulleys, which are fitted with grooves 35 or elevations 37 matching the intended suspension means, the flanks 38 of which each include a flank angle β 'in the groove 35 and the elevation 37.

About the Kabinentragscheiben 4.2, the V-ribbed belt 12 is guided in the elevator system 19 of FIG. 1 with a reverse bend, i. the ribs 20 of the V-ribbed belt 12 are on the run on these discs on its side facing away from the Kabinentragscheiben 4.2 back 17 which is designed here as a flat side. For better lateral guidance of the

V-ribbed belt 12, the cabin sheaves 4.2 lateral side plates have. Another possibility to guide the support means laterally, is to arrange on the path of the support means 12 between the two car washers 4.2 two guide discs 4.4, as shown in this particular example. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the suspension element 12 between the cabin support disks 4.2 is guided with its rib side over the guide disks 4.4 provided with corresponding grooves. The grooves of the guide discs 4.4 cooperate with the ribs of the V-ribbed belt 12 as a side guide, so that the Kabinentragscheiben 4.2 require no on-board discs. This variant is advantageous because it causes no lateral wear on the support means 12 in contrast to a lateral guide means of flanged wheels. Depending on the cabin dimension, chosen

Suspension and interaction of the discs with the support means, it is also possible to work without 4.4 guide discs 4.4 between the cab sheaves or instead of the two guide discs 4.4 shown below the cab 3 only one or more than two guide discs 4.4 provide. In general, it is also possible to carry the suspension means instead of under the cabin on the cabin on the other side of the cabin (not shown).

In the elevator installation 9 according to the invention shown in FIG. 1, the diameters of all pulleys are the same. It is also conceivable that the pulleys have different sizes and the support and / or pulleys 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 have a larger diameter than the traction sheave 4.1 or have a smaller diameter than the traction sheave 4.1. However, discs 4.2, 4.3 may also be provided, of which the discs 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 have a larger diameter, the others a smaller diameter than the traction sheave 4.1. According to the invention, the suspension element used in the elevator system 12 is provided with tension members 22, which are present as a strand or cord. The Strands in the cords can all have the same diameter or be different in thickness. The diameter (s) of the thickest strand (s) are called the elementary diameter δ. Supporting means 12 and elevator installation 19 are matched to one another in such a way that a thickest stranded wire 50 having an elementary diameter δ experiences an elongation ε when running the suspension element 12 over a smallest disk 4 of the elevator installation 19 with a smallest pulley diameter D, which is smaller than the breaking elongation εb of FIG thickest strand 50 or the fiber material of the thickest strand 50.

Contrary to the 2: 1 suspension shown in Fig. 1 and elevator systems with 1: 1, 4: 1 or any other suspension conditions than inventive elevator systems can be designed. Also, the drive with the traction sheave 4.1 does not necessarily have to be arranged at the top of the elevator shaft, but may e.g. also be arranged in the shaft base or in the shaft in a gap next to the movement path of the cabin and an adjacent shaft wall and in particular also above a shaft door. The element referred to here as a suspension element 12 can also be used as a pure suspension means or pure drive means.

As already mentioned above, in order to obtain an elevator installation with low maintenance costs, it is important, inter alia, to use a suspension element with a long service life in the installation. In addition, the cost can be reduced if a small lightweight motor with a small traction sheave can be used. The space required for an elevator installation can be further reduced if, in addition to the small traction sheave, additional disks with small diameters are used. Also advantageous for an elevator installation is a traction well adapted to the defined requirements of this system between the drive blade and the suspension element. As stated above, suspension means, as described in these documents, and elevator systems with such support means all these requirements.

Claims

claims

1 . Lifting support means, which is provided for an elevator installation (19) and there for carrying and / or moving at least one elevator car (3), wherein the suspension means (12) at least over a disc (4), in particular a traction sheave (4.1) of a drive machine (2 ) of an elevator installation (19) can be guided and driven, wherein the support means (12) has a jacket body (15) made of a polymer and at least one tension member (22) embedded in the jacket body (15) extending in the longitudinal direction of the suspension element (12) ), wherein the tension member (22) comprises a yarn stranded strand (50) whose yarns are formed from filaments of synthetic and / or mineral fiber material.

2. An elevator support means according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of a thickest strand (50) in a tension member (22) is called the elementary diameter δ and this thickest strand

(50) has an elongation at break εb, and wherein the elementary diameter δ of this thickest strand (50) is tuned to a diameter D of a smallest disc (4) of the predetermined elevator installation (19) so as to bend around the elevator support means (12) smallest diameter D experiences a maximum elongation ε, which is smaller than the breaking elongation εb.

3. An elevator support according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fiber material of the thickest strand (50) with elementary diameter δ has an elongation at break εb in the range from 0.5% to 5% and the filaments of the yarns are from the group of the following fiber materials: E-glass, S-glass, basalt, carbon, polyethylene, in particular

HMPE, polyester, especially LCP and TLCP, PVC, PTFE, PAN, nylon; Polyamide, in particular aramid, PBO (poly (benzoxazole)), M5 ((poly- [diimidazo pyridinylene dihydroxy) phenylene], in short PIPD), hybrid fibers.

4. Lifting support according to one of the preceding claims, in which the tension member (22) is essentially formed by a cord (9) of stranded strands (50) and the elementary diameter δ of the thickest strand (50) of the tension member (22) is determined according to the following equation : δ = D / (1 / εb - 1).

5. Lifting support according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tension member (22) in the

Essentially formed by a single stranded cord (9), wherein the stranding refers to the stranded strands (50).

6. Lifting support according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tension member (22) in the

Essentially formed by a double-stranded cord (9), wherein the stranding refers to the stranded stranded wires (50).

7. An elevator support means according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the tension member (22) comprises a core (41) comprising either a central strand (40) or three core strands (42).

8th . An elevator support means as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tension member (22) comprises a Warrington configuration.

9. Lifting support according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the tension member (22) has a

Litz configuration 1 + 6 has.

10. An elevator support means according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the tension member (22) has a strand configuration 0 + 3.

11. An elevator support means as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the strands (50) are spaced apart in an outer strand layer of the tension member (22), and so on, the greater the viscosity of the jacket material upon embedding

Tensile support (18) in the jacket (15) of the support means (12), wherein the distance (60) is at least 0.03mm.

12. Lifting support according to one of the preceding claims, in which the tension members (22) S (left-handed) or Z (right-handed) or SZ or ZS are struck and the torques of all tension members (22) cancel each other substantially.

13. An elevator support means according to claim 1, wherein the tension member (22) is formed substantially by a stranded wire (50) of stranded yarns and the elementary diameter δ this one, thickest strand (50) of the tension member (22) is determined according to the following equation: δ = D / (1 / εb - 1).

14. Lifting support according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tension member (22) filament (30) and / or at least one electrically and / or optically conductive indicator element (72).

15. Lifting support according to one of the preceding claims, in which the tension member

(22) a matrix material comprising in the cured tensile carrier (22) a weight of 5% to 45% and comprising a polymer or a polyblend with a polymer from the following group: polyurethanes, preferably water-soluble polyurethanes, epoxies, rubbery Elastomers, in particular EPDM, resorcinol formaldehyde latex.

1 6. Lifting support according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the jacket body

(15) an elastomer or a polyblend comprising at least one elastomer from the following group: comprises: polyurethane, in particular thermoplastic, ether-based polyurethane; thermoplastic ester-based polyurethane; Polyamide, in particular based on polyamide 11 / polyamide 12; Polyester, in particular TPC; natural and artificial gums, in particular NBR, HNBR, EPM and EPDM; Chloroprene.

17. Lifting support according to one of the preceding claims, in which one side of the jacket body (15) is designed as a traction side (18) intended to cooperate with a traction sheave of an elevator drive, and one side of the sheath body (15) opposite the traction side (18) ) as the back (17) of the

Support means (12) wherein the in the shell body (15) embedded tensile carriers (22), viewed in the width of the support means (12), are arranged side by side in a plane between the traction side (18) and back (17).

18. An elevator support means according to claim 17, wherein the tension members are spaced apart from one another in the plane.

1 9. An elevator support member according to claim 17, wherein the tension members are arranged in the plane so as to be in contact with each other.

20. Lifting support according to one of the preceding claims, one side of which

Traktionsseite (18) is configured, which has a plurality of parallel in the longitudinal direction of the support means extending ribs (20), which has a wedge-shaped, in particular a triangular or trapezoidal cross-section with two mutually running flanks

(24) having a flank angle (β) ranging from 81 ° to 120 °, more preferably from 83 ° to 105 °, and more preferably from 85 ° to 95 °, and most preferably at 90 ° ± 1 °.

21. An elevator support means according to claim 20, wherein the traction side (18) has two ribs (20) and the back (17) is preferably provided with a guide rib (27).

22. Lifting support according to one of Claims 17 to 21, in which the traction side (18) and / or the rear side (17) of the suspension element (12) is / are coated and in particular the coating (61) comprises a fabric (62) preferably made of natural fibers or of synthetic fibers, in particular of hemp, cotton, nylon, polyester, PVC, PTFE, PAN, polyamide or a mixture of two or more of these types of fibers.

23. Elevator installation with at least one pane (4), via which an elevator support means (12) is guided, wherein at least one pane (4) is a traction sheave (4.1) of a drive machine (2) comprising the support means (12), which at least one elevator car ( 3) moves and / or carries, wherein the support means (12) comprises a made of a polymer sheath body (15) and at least one in the sheath body (15) embedded in the longitudinal direction of the support means (12) extending tension members (22) wherein the tension member (22) comprises a yarn stranded strand (50) whose yarns are formed from filaments of synthetic and / or mineral fiber material.

24. Elevator installation according to claim 23, in which the thickest strand (50) has an elementary diameter δ and a maximum elongation at break εb and the elementary diameter δ is matched to a smallest diameter D of a smallest disc (4) of the elevator installation (19) such that the thickest strand (50) while running the Elevator support means (12) around the smallest disc (4) undergoes an elongation ε, which is smaller than their breaking elongation εb.

Elevator installation according to one of claims 23 or 24, in which the traction sheave (4.1) is the disc (32) with the smallest disc diameter D.

Elevator installation according to one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the elementary diameter δ of the thickest strand (50) of the tension member (22) is determined according to the following equation: δ = D / (1 / εb-1).

Elevator installation according to one of claims 23 to 26, comprising a suspension element (12), at least on one of the traction sheave (4.1) facing the traction side (18) in the longitudinal direction of the support means parallel ribs (20) and more than one in the longitudinal direction of the support means (12) extending tension carrier (22), wherein the tension members (22), viewed in the width of the support means (12), are arranged in a plane next to each other, and with a traction sheave (4.1), in its periphery in the circumferential direction extending with the ribs (20) of the support means (12) corresponding grooves (35), wherein the grooves (35) are provided with a lower groove base (36), so that when co-operating of grooves (35) with ribs (20 ) gives a wedge effect.

Elevator installation according to claim 27, in which the grooves (35) of the traction sheave (4.1) have a wedge-shaped, in particular a triangular or trapezoidal cross section with a flank angle (β ¹ ) of 81 ° to 120 °, better still of 83 ° to 105 °, even better from 85 ° to 95 ° and most preferably 90 °.

Elevator installation according to one of Claims 23 to 28, in which a traction side (18) of the suspension element (12) and / or a rear side (17) of the suspension element (12) opposite the traction side (18) is / are coated, with the aid of the coating (61) the desired coefficient of friction between traction side (18) and traction sheave

(4.1) or between the rear side (17) and deflection, guide, or support disks (4.2, 4.3, 4.4) is set and wherein the coating (61) in particular comprises a fabric (62), preferably made of natural fibers or synthetic Fibers, in particular is made of hemp, cotton, nylon, polyester, PVC, PTFE, PAN, polyamide or a mixture of two or more of these types of fibers.

30. A method of manufacturing an elevator support means (12) according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: a) selecting tensile support material from synthetic and mineral fiber materials; b) strand filaments of tensile carrier material into strand; c) embed tensile members with at least one thickest strand with an elementary diameter δ in a jacket material.

31. Method according to claim 30, in which the elementary diameter δ of the thickest strand (50) in the tension member (22) is selected as a function of its breaking elongation εb and of the pulley diameter D of a smallest pulley of an elevator installation (19) in which the elevator support means (12) is inserted shall be.

32. Method according to Claim 31, in which the elementary diameter δ of the thickest strand (50) in the tension member (22) is chosen according to the following equation: δ = D / (1 / εb-1).

33. Method according to one of claims 30 or 32, in which fibers or fiber mixtures of fibers of the following group are selected as the fiber material: E-glass, S-glass, basalt, carbon, polyethylene, in particular HMPE, polyester, in particular LCP and TLCP, PVC, PTFE , PAN, nylon; Polyamide, in particular aramid, PBO (poly (benzoxazole)), M5 (poly- [diimidazo pyridinylene (dihydroxy) phenylene], hybrid fibers and as a matrix material a polymer or a polyblend comprising polymers selected from the following group: polyurethanes, preferably in water soluble polyurethanes, epoxies, rubber-like elastomers, in particular EPDM or resorcinol formaldehyde latex, wherein the matrix material is matched to the fiber material.

34. Method according to one of claims 30 to 33, wherein for the jacket material, an elastomer or a polyblend comprising elastomers selected from the group consisting of: polyurethane, in particular thermoplastic, ether-based polyurethane; thermoplastic ester-based polyurethane; Polyamide, in particular based on Polyamide 11 / polyamide 12; Polyester, in particular TPC; natural and artificial gums, in particular NBR, HNBR, EPM and EPDM; Chloroprene.

Method according to one of claims 30 to 34, wherein by adjusting the lay lengths of the yarns in relation to the strands and / or by tuning the yarns

Punch lengths of the strands to each other, the elongation at break of the various strands is adapted to each other so that they tear together, in particular the lay length of inner strands or yarns are stranded with a shorter lay length than the overlying strands or yarns.

Method according to one of claims 30 to 35, in which tension members (22) are designed in the form of cords (9) and the yarns of the strands (50) are stranded in opposite directions than the strands (50) in the cord, the lay length of the yarns in the strands (50), so matched to the lay length of the strands (50) in the cord (9) that the fibers in the tension member (22) are aligned approximately straight.

Method according to one of claims 30 to 36, wherein a traction side of the

Tragmittel and / or one of the traction side opposite rear side of the support means is coated, wherein with the aid of the coating, the desired coefficient of friction between the traction side and traction sheave or between the back and

Deflection, guide, or support discs is set and wherein the coating comprises in particular a fabric, preferably made of natural fibers or synthetic fibers, in particular hemp, cotton, nylon, polyester, PVC, PTFE, PAN, polyamide or a mixture of two or more of these types of fibers is made.