Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
  • E01H5/00—Removing snow or ice from roads or like surfaces; Grading or roughening snow or ice
  • E01H5/04—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material
  • E01H5/06—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material dislodging essentially by non-driven elements, e.g. scraper blades, snow-plough blades, scoop blades
  • E01H5/061—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material dislodging essentially by non-driven elements, e.g. scraper blades, snow-plough blades, scoop blades by scraper blades
  • E01H5/062—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material dislodging essentially by non-driven elements, e.g. scraper blades, snow-plough blades, scoop blades by scraper blades by scraper blades displaceable for shock-absorbing purposes
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01H—STREET CLEANING; CLEANING OF PERMANENT WAYS; CLEANING BEACHES; DISPERSING OR PREVENTING FOG IN GENERAL CLEANING STREET OR RAILWAY FURNITURE OR TUNNEL WALLS
  • E01H5/00—Removing snow or ice from roads or like surfaces; Grading or roughening snow or ice
  • E01H5/04—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material
  • E01H5/06—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material dislodging essentially by non-driven elements, e.g. scraper blades, snow-plough blades, scoop blades
  • E01H5/065—Apparatus propelled by animal or engine power; Apparatus propelled by hand with driven dislodging or conveying levelling elements, conveying pneumatically for the dislodged material dislodging essentially by non-driven elements, e.g. scraper blades, snow-plough blades, scoop blades characterised by the form of the snow-plough blade, e.g. flexible, or by snow-plough blade accessories

Definitions

• the invention relates to a snow plow with a flexible plate deflecting the flow of snow, the curvature of which can be adjusted by a mechanism.
• the invention further relates to a method for changing the curvature of the flexible plate in a snow plow.
• a snow plow of the type mentioned is e.g. B. from JP-Y-56 17 543, FR 1 254 965 or EP 0 365 436.
• variable plates are that one and the same snow plow can be used under different working conditions. This enables a reduction in the variety of types: Where previously several device types had to be made available, a single type can now suffice. Depending on the type of variability of the curvature, the direction of the snow flow can be set based on the idea of the variable curvature without the plow having to be turned (see, for example, EP 0 365 436).
• the plate to be deformed is preferably made of an elastic material.
• Plastic plates in particular are used today. The problem now lies in the fact that the plastic plate has a different coefficient of expansion than the metallic frame construction and that the plate bulges out in an undesirable manner during bending.
• the object of the invention is to provide a snow plow of the type mentioned, in which the flexible or. elastic plate is independent of temperature changes and set curvature free of undesirable bulges and deformations.
• the solution is that the plate is kept floating by the mechanism.
• the essence of the invention lies in the fact that the plate is given the possibility of evading internal tensions. In the event of temperature changes or local loads (normal forces), it can shift in its holder.
• the plate is preferably held at its upper and at its lower edge, the two edges always being kept parallel to one another by the mechanism. are led. In contrast to the snow plow according to EP 0 365 436, the plate is therefore not subjected to any uneven curvature. Viewed in vertical section, the curve of curvature is the same across the entire width of the plow.
• the mechanism is designed in such a way that the position and direction of the upper edge of the plate is always predetermined during the adjustment so that the bending force mainly acts only locally perpendicular to the plate.
• the normal forces i.e. the forces in or parallel to the local plate plane
• a plate expansion or Compression in extreme cases, bulging
• Normal forces are largely avoided due to the floating bearing.
• the mechanism comprises, for example, a two-lever system in which two levers of different lengths with rotational axes spaced apart from one another specify the position and the direction of the upper edge.
• the holder of the upper plate edge can be guided not only in terms of position but also in terms of direction.
• a construction with cable pulls is also conceivable.
• a hydraulic system actuates the levers of the two-lever system synchronously. For this purpose, they are advantageously attached to the same cylinder piston.
• At least two two-lever systems are provided, each of which can be actuated with at least one hydraulic cylinder.
• the two hydraulic cylinders are connected via flow dividers. In particular, this can prevent the positions of the hydraulic cylinders and thus of the two-lever systems from changing in the opposite direction when the top of the plow is loaded in the opposite direction (for example opening on the left and closing on the right at the same time).
• the ploughshare which is arranged below the top of the plow and scrapes the snow off the ground, respectively. has preferably a plurality of individually foldable elements which adjoin one another laterally. Because of their mobility, they can avoid obstacles on the ground. By the fact that several independently foldable elements - D -
• the mass to be moved per element is smaller.
• the elements are mounted in such a way that when they hit an obstacle - without lifting off the ground - they turn around the impact point into a negative position and then jump over the obstacle.
• the swiveling movement does not take place - as in the prior art - around the upper edge, but about a horizontal axis of rotation arranged at a medium height.
• the upper part of the element moves - relative to the upper part of the plow - to the front and the lower part to the rear.
• the foldable elements are preferably rotatably mounted on a lever which is essentially horizontal and vertically pivotable in the rest position. The element can therefore move upwards to a certain extent. As a result, the element has a large cushioning path overall.
• the element is preferably pulled into a positive rest position by a cable pulling above the connection between the lever and the element.
• the cable comprises a deflection roller and a more or less vertically oriented spring (in particular a hollow rubber spring).
• the cable pull is less problematic than a pull rod, since jamming of the force-transmitting element (cable instead of rod) cannot occur.
• the designer has more freedom when arranging the spring element (due to the force deflection by the roller mentioned).
• the lever which can be pivoted in the vertical direction is preferably mounted in eccentric bushes in order to enable the gap between the foldable element and the plow top part to be fine-tuned. In this way, e.g. B. manufacturing tolerances or age-related changes can be compared.
• the elements can be tilted slightly in the transverse direction.
• the corresponding bearings and joints of the elements, respectively. the horizontal lever arms have an elastic material which enables the joint to wobble and thus - in addition to pivoting - also allows the element to tilt slightly to the side.
• the method according to the invention for changing the curvature of the flexible plate in the case of a snow plow of the type mentioned at the outset is characterized in that the plate is always held parallel in holders on two opposite edges and in that the holders are in position when the curvature is adjusted and direction that the bending force is essentially only locally perpendicular to the plate.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the upper part of the plow in section; 2 shows a sectional illustration of the plate holder according to the invention;
• Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the ploughshare in section.
• a snow plow according to the invention (see FIG. 1) has a ploughshare 1, which scrapes the snow off the ground, and an upper plow part 2, which deflects the snow to the side. Apart from a gap 38, the front sides of ploughshare 1 and plow head part 2 are flush with one another, the inclinations of the two front surfaces also being matched to one another (optimal snow flow).
• the plow top 2 has a flexible, respectively.
• elastic plate 3 made of plastic or another suitable material. It is essentially rectangular and is held in a floating manner at its upper and lower edge by a holder of the type shown in FIG. 2.
• a recess 20 is provided along the entire upper edge 21 of the plate 3 on its front edge, so that a step is formed.
• On the back of the plate 3 (and set back from the recess 20) are several z. B. oval wells respectively.
• the plate holder 17 has a z. B. triangular support profile 41 and a clamping rail 39 screwed to the latter, which engages in the recess 20, overlapping the upper edge 21.
• a nose 23 is also formed on the profile 41, which engages in the (corresponding) recess 22.
• the floating mounting now results from the fact that the lug 23 does not completely, but only partially fill the recess 22 and that the end face of the clamping rail 39 does not directly abut the gradation formed by the recess 20.
• the plate 3 can thus move in the direction of its local "plate axes" (i.e. in the direction of the x and y axes lying in the local plate plane) in the holder 17 and. between the clamping rail 39 and profile 41 move or. can move.
• the nose 23 prevents the plate 3 from sliding out of the socket (formed by the clamping rail 39 and profile 41).
• the floating bearing prevents too high normal forces (in plate 3) from building up.
• Plow top 2 and ploughshare 1 are directly resp. is supported indirectly on a support beam 4 running in the transverse direction. This, in turn, is held on a frame (not shown), which serves to place the snow plow on the front of a vehicle.
• the support element 5 projects obliquely downwards and backwards, among other things, in order to support a hydraulic cylinder 7.1 in a joint 6.
• the piston 7.2 of the hydraulic cylinder 7.1 is connected by a joint 8 on the one hand to a long-armed lever 40 and on the other hand - via a transmission arm 9 - to a short-armed lever 11 the .
• the lever 11 is rotatable about a fulcrum 12 which is arranged more or less centrally above the support beam 4. (The corresponding support structure is not shown in the figures.) It has two arms 11.1 and 11.2, each with a knee joint 10 and 11 at the ends of the transmission arms 9 and 14. 13 form.
• the transmission arm 14 is connected via a joint 15 to a head part 16 which supports the plate holder 17.
• Arm 11.2 is longer than arm 11.1. Furthermore, it is curved (and is viewed concavely from the plate), so that there is sufficient space for the curved plate when the upper part of the plow is "closed" (position B).
• the two knee joints 10 and 13 are at an angle of approximately 110 to 120 degrees with respect to the pivot point 12. Furthermore, the arm 11.1 has a turning radius of approximately 15 cm and the arm 11.2 has a radius of approximately 35 cm.
• the transmission arms 9 and 14 are approximately 20 cm, respectively. 15 cm long (hinge axis to hinge axis).
• the long lever 40 is mounted in the pivot 19, which, for. B. 15 to 20 cm vertically below the pivot point 12 is formed on the support member 5.
• the lever 40 is connected on the one hand via the joint 8 to the piston 7.2 and on the other hand via a joint 18 to the head part 16.
• the joint 18 has a turning radius of 60 to 65 cm with respect to the pivot point 19 and the joint 8 has a turning radius of 15 to 18 cm.
• the lever 40 is designed similarly to the lever 11.
• the described two-lever mechanism serves to adjust the curvature of the plate 3 by changing the (spatial) position and direction of the plate holder 17.
• the plate 3 is held by two two-lever systems arranged side by side.
• the two two-lever systems are each operated synchronously by a hydraulic cylinder.
• the hydraulic system is to be designed in such a way that the same positions are maintained even under different loads. This can e.g. B. happen with a known flow divider, which can prevent the liquid exchange between the cylinders if necessary.
• Fig. 1 the upper part of the plow 2 is shown in the open position A (solid lines) and in the closed position B (dashed lines).
• the piston 7.2 In the open position, the piston 7.2 is completely retracted.
• the plate 3 has a slight curvature. If the piston 7.2 is now extended, the levers 11, 40 about the pivot points 12 and. 19 rotated, the head part 16 moves forward and inclined forward according to the selected lever ratios in the closed position B.
• any intermediate position can also be set by the hydraulics.
• the extent to which the plow top part 2 has to be opened or closed depends on the driving speed, the snow mass to be removed, the desired throwing distance and other circumstances and will have to be set by the user from case to case.
• the ploughshare 1 has a plate-shaped swivel element 26 with a seibar attached knife 24.
• the knife 24 picks up the snow from the ground 25.
• the pivot element 26 is connected to a lever arm 28 via a pivot axis 27. In the rest position this is essentially horizontal. At its rear end, it is mounted in a pivot point 29 (pivotable in the vertical direction). The pivot point 29 is provided at the lower end of a support element 30.
• a hollow rubber spring 32 which is attached to the lever arm 28 in an engagement point 31 and is supported on the support element 30 on the one hand, holds the lever arm 28 in its essentially horizontal rest position.
• a cable acts on an engagement point 33 (on the back of the swivel element 26), which is provided between the upper edge of the swivel element 26 and the swivel axis 27.
• This has a cable 34 which is deflected via a deflection roller 35 and which is fastened to the upper end (cable fastening 37) of a vertically aligned hollow rubber spring 36.
• the rubber hollow spring 36 is in turn z. B. supported on the supporting beam 4. Likewise the deflection roller 35.
• the cable pull mechanism holds the swivel element 26 elastically in its positive rest position C.
• the pivoting element 26 is pivoted into a negative avoidance position D. It rotates (viewed in space) around the impact point, with the pivot axis 27 and the lever arm 28 being pressed upwards (overcoming the spring force of the rubber hollow spring 32). At the same time, the upper edge of the swivel element 26 moves forward with respect to the (lower edge) of the plow upper part 2. The Swiveling takes place while overcoming the spring force of the hollow spring 36.
• the swivel element 26 As soon as the swivel element 26 is rotated sufficiently strongly into the negative position, it can detach itself from the obstacle and, as it were, jump over it.
• the two hollow springs 32 and 36 bring it back to the rest position C at lightning speed.
• the lever arm 28 is mounted in eccentric bushes. By turning the same the fine tuning or. the correction is made by the manufacturing tolerant.
• the pivot element 26 can adapt to the inclination of the floor surface transversely to the travel direction, the bearings of the pivot axis 27 and the pivot point 29 (to the respective axis of rotation) can be tilted easily (for example by 1 °).
• the optimal snow removal in the event of uneven ground is also ensured in that the ploughshare 1 is not a single element that extends over the entire plow width, but rather has several individually pivotable elements arranged next to one another. Each of these elements can dodge individually and adapt to the ground slope.
• the invention is of course not limited to the embodiment described. Instead of hollow rubber springs z. B. coil springs or other elastic elements are used. In principle, the cable pull mechanism can also be replaced by a spring-loaded pull rod.
• crankshaft mechanism which can be actuated by the vehicle by means of a crankshaft (widespread principle in agricultural machines).
• the correct guidance of the plate edge can be accomplished not only with the advantageous two-lever system described, but also with different lever and / or cable pull mechanisms.
• the cushioning system (ploughshare 1) is independent of the upper part of the plow. if necessary, one or the other part can be designed differently.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Soil Working Implements (AREA)
• Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
• Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
• Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)

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• 1994
  • 1994-04-11 EP EP94911043A patent/EP0656086B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-04-11 WO PCT/CH1994/000071 patent/WO1994029529A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1994-04-11 AT AT94911043T patent/ATE169077T1/de active
  • 1994-04-11 DE DE59406556T patent/DE59406556D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-04-11 AU AU63727/94A patent/AU6372794A/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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