EP0647411A1 - Produit à base de tabac pour l'autofabrication de cigarettes, emballage ainsi que procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Produit à base de tabac pour l'autofabrication de cigarettes, emballage ainsi que procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0647411A1
EP0647411A1 EP94115775A EP94115775A EP0647411A1 EP 0647411 A1 EP0647411 A1 EP 0647411A1 EP 94115775 A EP94115775 A EP 94115775A EP 94115775 A EP94115775 A EP 94115775A EP 0647411 A1 EP0647411 A1 EP 0647411A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tobacco
smoking
cuboid
partial
cigarette
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94115775A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0647411B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinrich Wilhelm Ruppert
Gunter Schütze
Klaus Gätschmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Efka Werke Fritz Kiehn GmbH
Original Assignee
Efka Werke Fritz Kiehn GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Efka Werke Fritz Kiehn GmbH filed Critical Efka Werke Fritz Kiehn GmbH
Publication of EP0647411A1 publication Critical patent/EP0647411A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0647411B1 publication Critical patent/EP0647411B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/40—Hand-driven apparatus for making cigarettes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoking tobacco for the self-manufacture of cigarettes, in particular using prefabricated cigarette paper tubes, consisting of one or more tobacco portion (s), each comprising at least two partial quantities, held together by internal / external fixing means, each partial quantity being approximately that for a cigarette contains the required quantity of tobacco, and wherein the outer surface of the tobacco portion and / or the partial quantities is so permeable to air that it is not draftable as such and is therefore not smokable.
  • the invention further relates to a packaging for such a smoking tobacco and a method for its production.
  • a smoking tobacco consisting of a quantity of the smoking tobacco forming a sales unit in the form of approximately equal portions, the smoking tobacco being wholly or at least partially wrapped is held together from completely smokable material.
  • each subset is approximately round rod-shaped.
  • Each subset corresponds approximately to the amount of tobacco required for a cigarette.
  • the casing of the known smoking tobacco consists of non-tractive, perforated or mesh-like material.
  • the known smoking tobacco is divided into round-rod-like subsets by pressing, creasing, punching, perforating, cutting, inserted threads or the like.
  • the subsets are strung together so that they can be easily detached from one another without, however, the individual subsets being destroyed or without the internal cohesion of the individual subsets being lost as a result.
  • the known smoking tobacco can at least in places also contain a fixative for increasing the internal cohesion of each subset.
  • the known smoking tobacco should be able to make a cigarette from special non-smokable material and transfer device without special aids, such as auxiliary packaging.
  • a smoking tobacco of the known type in which rod-like portions can be separated without destroying them for self-production of cigarettes by wrapping them with cigarette paper, is taxed in exactly the same way as cigarettes.
  • the system according to DE-U 8 326 921 and 8 309 186 represents an interim solution between the last-mentioned conventional methods and the system according to DE-C-34 07 461 and EP-B-155 514.
  • This system is characterized by a non-smokable prefabricated product in the form of a prefabricated tobacco cartridge consisting of an open-ended strand casing with the diameter of the cigarette paper sleeve of the finished cigarette and a strand-like tobacco filling, each corresponding to a cigarette portion, which consists of an associated piston which is adapted to the inside diameter of the casing the strand envelope can be transferred into an empty cigarette paper tube.
  • This tobacco product is suitable for use in connection with conventional self-tapping cigarette paper tubes as well as in paper tubes with conventional self-rolling cigarette paper papers.
  • the consumer is provided with a precisely metered quantity of tobacco in the form of a cigarette tobacco cartridge, which corresponds to the filling quantity of a conventional industrial consumer cigarette, the tobacco filling of which in a relatively simple manner in a prefabricated cigarette paper tube of a commercially available type or in a self-made Rolled cigarette paper cigarette paper sleeve is transferable.
  • the tobacco cartridge has an envelope, namely a strand envelope, which consists of non-smokable material.
  • this strand casing represents a superfluous auxiliary device that can only be used once.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a smoking tobacco that has all the advantages of pre-portioned tobacco subsets for the self-manufacture of cigarettes and the advantage of tax privilege even in the countries where rod-shaped tobacco portions are not smokable per se, but after being wrapped with cigarette paper they become smokable, like cigarettes are taxed.
  • the waste i.e. aids not suitable for smoking must be reduced to a minimum.
  • Claims 21 and 22 show preferred methods for self-manufacturing cigarettes using a smoking tobacco according to one or more of Claims 1 to 13.
  • the core of the smoking tobacco designed according to the invention lies in the formation of the tobacco portion comprising two or more subsets in the form of a tobacco cuboid such that each subsection has a tobacco rod with an approximately triangular or polygonal, in particular rectangular, preferably square cross-section, and a length corresponding to the length of the The tobacco receiving room of the cigarette to be manufactured.
  • the shape of the subsets is such that they cannot easily be transferred into a conventional cigarette paper tube to produce a smokable, ie tractive, cigarette. Rather, each subset, at least in terms of its cross section, must be shaped before being transferred to a prefabricated cigarette paper tube. This is preferably done within the press chamber of a conventional cigarette tamping device, with which the portion can be transferred into a prepared cigarette paper tube.
  • the predetermined shape of the partial quantity must be changed, in particular resolved.
  • the partial quantity is preferably first positioned on a rolling paper, in order to be loosened or crumbled with the fingers before being wrapped with the rolling paper.
  • each sub-quantity can be kneaded with a finger in the form of a tobacco rod with an approximately circular cross-section before being wrapped with a rolling paper.
  • the smoking tobacco designed according to the invention or the partial quantities separated therefrom represent a special type of pre-portioned fine-cut quantities.
  • the tobacco is preferably pressed in such a way that it has a tensile resistance approximately corresponding to the tensile resistance of the tobacco filling of a conventional cigarette.
  • This also ensures that the tobacco is sufficiently dimensionally stable, in particular each subset even after separation from the tobacco block according to the invention.
  • Such a partial quantity can thus be transferred after being separated from the tobacco cuboid into the press chamber of a conventional tamping device or onto a prepared, that is to say spread out, cigarette paper sheet.
  • the tobacco cuboid can be subdivided into partial quantities by mechanical cuts, punchings, scoring, embossing or the like. In this regard, they are conventional methods.
  • separating webs made of tinfoil, cardboard, or the like.
  • Relatively stiff material that cannot be consumed by smoking extend into the parting plane between two adjacent subsets of a tobacco cuboid. In this way a clean separation of the individual subsets is obtained.
  • the dividers are also a separation aid.
  • the separating webs are preferably part of an outer casing, in particular part of a casing which only extends over one flat side and possibly also the two opposite longitudinal and / or narrow sides of the tobacco cuboid.
  • the separating webs can be connected in one piece to the aforementioned casing. It is also conceivable to glue the separating webs onto the above-mentioned covering. A loose connection between the separating webs and the mentioned covering or partial covering is also conceivable.
  • the mentioned partial covering is preferably designed in the manner of a flat shell, in particular a partial shell.
  • the tobacco cuboid can be surrounded by a casing in a hose-like manner, the overlapping ones Sides of the wrapping are loosely overlaid. This also makes opening this envelope unproblematic.
  • the tube-like covering preferably consists of material which cannot be consumed by smoking, in particular of paper laminated with aluminum.
  • the cohesion of the tobacco cuboid can also be promoted by a strip of material that cannot be consumed by smoking, e.g. Cardboard, plastic or the like. This narrow-sided edging of the tobacco cuboid holds it together well without a lot of packaging material being required.
  • the rod-like subsets can furthermore be held together by a strand casing either from material which can be consumed by smoking or from material which cannot be consumed by smoking, such as paper coated with aluminum or the like, whereby in the latter case the overlapping longitudinal edges of the strand casing or casing are loose are laid one on top of the other so that the strand casing can be removed easily before use of the partial amount.
  • the measures mentioned are intended to ensure the internal cohesion of each individual subset.
  • the tobacco can be relatively loosely connected to one another within the outer casing. so loose that after the strand casing has been removed, the part breaks down.
  • the packaging for a tobacco cuboid is also of particular importance, which is characterized by a tube made of relatively rigid packaging material, in particular cardboard, which extends around the tobacco cuboid in a tube-like manner or the like., wherein the overlapping long sides are glued together. It is a kind of outer packaging that extends around the two flat sides and the two longitudinal narrow sides or alternatively the two short sides of the tobacco cuboid. In the latter case, the packaging is suitable as a kind of magazine.
  • the tobacco cuboid can be pushed out from the open side of the packaging in portions.
  • the packaging can in particular be placed on the upper filling opening of the press chamber of a conventional tamping device in order to then push tobacco in part through the packaging into the press chamber.
  • a suitable enclosure can be provided on the tamping device itself, so that the packaging, including the tobacco cuboid, can be placed securely and precisely over the filling opening of the press chamber.
  • the packaging thus represents a disposable tobacco magazine. The individual subsets are separated from the tobacco cuboid by the press beam.
  • the packaging thus has a multiple function, namely on the one hand it serves to hold together the smoking tobacco designed according to the invention, and on the other hand it serves as a magazine or tobacco refill chute. In this context, reference is made in particular to claim 22.
  • another packaging envelope can be wrapped, which serves as a flavor and moisture barrier.
  • This envelope preferably consists of an airtight and moisture-proof film, in particular cellulose film or the like. This film can be printed as well as in the packaging of factory-made cigarettes.
  • the tobacco cuboid according to the invention can be produced in that a tobacco rod with an approximately rectangular cross section is guided continuously or intermittently past a tobacco separating device comprising a plurality of spaced-apart cutting or punching elements, by means of which the tobacco rod is divided into individual partial strands which are preferably still connected to one another on the side facing away from the cutting elements, and then the partial strands are passed through a crosswise to the conveying direction effective knife or the like. Cutting device are separated from the tobacco rod.
  • the cutting or punching elements can alternatively act on the upper, lower or both flat sides of the tobacco rod.
  • a tobacco connecting web can be formed between adjacent partial strands halfway up the tobacco strand.
  • separating webs made of cardboard or the like can be inserted into the separating cuts between the adjacent partial strands, which are either already cut to a partial length or cut together with the partial lengths to a partial length.
  • smoking tobacco is provided as a tobacco portion in the form of a tobacco cuboid 10, each tobacco cuboid being divided into at least two, preferably six to eight, subsets 11, each of which is rod-like with a triangular (FIGS. 4.1, 4.2 ), trapezoidal (Fig. 4.5), in particular rectangular, preferably square (Fig. 4.3, 4.4) cross section, the length of each subset 11 corresponding to the length of the tobacco-receiving space of the cigarette to be produced. Furthermore, each subset 11 contains approximately the amount of tobacco required for a cigarette.
  • the subsets 11 each have an outer surface which is permeable to air in such a way that they are not tractionable as such and are therefore non-smoking.
  • the individual subsets are namely not surrounded by a covering in any of the illustrated embodiments.
  • the tobacco cuboid 10 can be subdivided into partial quantities either manually by the consumer or by manufacturing. In any case, individual subsets are separated from the tobacco cuboid by separating cuts 12 which extend in the longitudinal direction of the tobacco cuboid. These separating cuts 12 can either extend over the entire height of the tobacco cuboid 10, as in FIG. 1, FIG. 4.4, in the left half of FIG 4.1, 4.2, in the right halves of FIGS. 4.5, 4.6, in the left halves of FIGS. 7 and 8, or only extend over a partial height, as in FIGS. 2, 3, 4.3, the right halves of FIG 4.1, 4.2, in the left half of the Fig. 4.5, 4.6, in Fig. 5, Fig.
  • the tobacco cuboid has on the one hand a length which corresponds to twice the length of the tobacco receiving space of the cigarette to be manufactured.
  • the length of the tobacco cuboid can correspond to the length of the tobacco-receiving space of a cigarette, the cuboid and, accordingly, the individual subsets being divided into at least two partial lengths, which are easier to handle when filling a tamping device or easier to wrap with cigarette paper Allow (turning).
  • a transversely extending separating cut 13 is provided at half the length in order to be able to break the subsets also to length.
  • the separating cuts 12 are placed in such a way that partial quantities with a triangular cross section are formed. Roughly trapezoidal cross sections of the subsets are obtained with the separating cuts according to Fig. 4.5.
  • a tobacco cuboid is subdivided, the longitudinal narrow sides of which are each convexly curved and in which the separating cuts 12 on one flat side, in FIG. 4.6 the lower flat side, are each assigned groove-shaped recesses in order to separate the individual subsets 11 from To facilitate tobacco cuboids.
  • the groove-shaped longitudinal recesses are identified in FIG. 4.6 with the reference number 14.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 5 is characterized in that a wrapping 15 is placed around the tobacco cuboid 10 in the manner of a tube, the overlapping sides of the Sheathing 15 should be loosely one above the other. This ensures greater transport security for the tobacco cuboid.
  • the wrapper 15 consists of material that cannot be consumed by smoking, for example of paper laminated with aluminum.
  • three tobacco cuboids 10 are stacked one above the other to form a larger sales unit 16.
  • a sales unit can be created that fits into a conventional "hinge-lid" package.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 7 is characterized in that longitudinal webs, which can be made of cardboard or the like, extend into the separating cuts between adjacent subsets.
  • the longitudinal webs should consist of material that cannot be consumed by smoking.
  • the longitudinal webs can extend over the entire height of the tobacco cuboid (left half of FIG. 7) or only over a partial height of the same (right half of FIG. 7).
  • the separating webs 17 and 18 are in each case an integral part of a covering 19 and 20 which extends over the lower flat side and the two longitudinal narrow sides.
  • the longitudinal webs 17, 18 are independent of the base border 19 or 20 are formed.
  • the tobacco cuboid 10 is enclosed by a packaging tray 21 which extends over the lower flat side and all the narrow sides of the tobacco cuboid 10.
  • a packaging tray 21 which extends over the lower flat side and all the narrow sides of the tobacco cuboid 10.
  • a tobacco rod 22 with an approximately rectangular cross section is guided continuously or intermittently past a tobacco separating device 24 comprising a plurality of cutting or punching elements (circular knives 23) arranged at a distance apart (conveying direction arrow 25).
  • the cutting elements are rotary-driven circular knives 23, the depth of cut T of which can be adjusted by correspondingly displacing the axis of rotation 25 relative to the tobacco rod 22 (see double arrow 26).
  • the circular knife 23 is continuously re-sharpened by grinding disks 28 acting on both sides of the cutting edge 27.
  • the circular knives 23 are arranged opposite a pressing device 29, which is effective against the cut of the circular knives 23.
  • the circular knives 23 are each followed by a separating device in the form of split wedges or split plates 30 penetrating into the separating cuts, so that the tobacco remains separated in the area of the separating cuts.
  • the tobacco rod is divided into partial strands by the circular knives 23. Subsequently, the partial strands are separated from the tobacco strand 22 by a knife (not shown in FIG. 9) that is effective transversely to the conveying direction 25. Then the tobacco cuboids thus obtained and their packaging are separated.
  • the rotary driven circular knives 23 act on the tobacco rod from the lower side thereof.
  • the action takes place from above.
  • the method for producing the partial strands corresponds to that according to FIG. 9.
  • the above-mentioned separating webs 17 and 18 are inserted behind the separating plates 30 in the individual separating cuts, the in the illustrated embodiment being the Separators 17 and 18 have already been cut to the length of the subsets.
  • each tobacco cuboid comprises at least two, preferably six to ten, subsets.
  • the tobacco mixture is produced in such a way that the individual portions give a taste when smoking which corresponds to that of a conventional factory-made cigarette. Above all, it is ensured that each cigarette tastes equally by pre-portioning the tobacco. The same applies to smoking or draft behavior and the smoke constituents.
  • the tobacco can be compressed more or less tightly within the tobacco cuboid or the partial quantities and / or mixed with more or less internal fixing agents or binders.
  • Each portion should preferably contain about 0.6 to 1.2 g of tobacco.

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  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
EP94115775A 1993-10-08 1994-10-06 Produit à base de tabac pour l'autofabrication de cigarettes, emballage ainsi que procédé de fabrication Expired - Lifetime EP0647411B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4334398 1993-10-08
DE4334398 1993-10-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0647411A1 true EP0647411A1 (fr) 1995-04-12
EP0647411B1 EP0647411B1 (fr) 2002-03-06

Family

ID=6499744

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94115775A Expired - Lifetime EP0647411B1 (fr) 1993-10-08 1994-10-06 Produit à base de tabac pour l'autofabrication de cigarettes, emballage ainsi que procédé de fabrication

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0647411B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE213916T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2133603C (fr)
DE (1) DE59410069D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0647411T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2172522T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT647411E (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10020146A1 (de) * 2000-04-12 2001-10-25 Klaus Gaetschmann Tabakprodukt, System und Stopfgerät zur Selbstverfertigung einer Zigarette
DE10346649A1 (de) * 2003-10-08 2005-05-12 Reemtsma H F & Ph Tabakportion sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen von Tabakportionen
EP1790240A1 (fr) * 2005-11-25 2007-05-30 Philip Morris Products S.A. Bloc de tabac
WO2007060226A1 (fr) * 2005-11-25 2007-05-31 Philip Morris Products S.A. Plaque de tabac
WO2008011923A1 (fr) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-31 Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh Système pour rouler soi-même des cigarettes
US7967018B2 (en) * 2007-11-01 2011-06-28 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Methods for sculpting cigarettes, and associated apparatuses
WO2014095629A1 (fr) * 2012-12-19 2014-06-26 Philip Morris Products S.A. Unité de tabac pour un dispositif de fabrication d'articles à fumer
WO2023045034A1 (fr) * 2021-09-22 2023-03-30 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 Procédé de fabrication et d'emballage de cigarettes de forme spéciale

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006038867A1 (de) * 2006-08-18 2008-02-21 British American Tobacco (Germany) Gmbh Selbstverfertigung von Zigaretten aus einem Tabakquader
EP3669672B1 (fr) * 2018-12-19 2021-12-29 International Tobacco Machinery Poland SP. Z O.O. Procédé et appareil de fabrication d'articles en forme de tige pour l'industrie du tabac

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1365969A (en) * 1920-12-17 1921-01-18 Liggett & Myers Tobacco Compan Plug-tobacco
US3385302A (en) * 1966-04-27 1968-05-28 Wattenford Herman Unrolled cigarette charge pack
DE3149584A1 (de) * 1981-12-15 1983-06-23 Jürgen 2800 Bremen Häntze Portionierte zufuehrung von tabak in handbetaetigte zigarettenstopfmaschinen
DE8437189U1 (de) * 1984-12-15 1985-05-23 Eicken, Joh. Wilh. von, 2400 Lübeck Vorgefertigter, umhüllter, für sich nicht rauchbarer Tabakstrang
DE3244906C2 (fr) * 1982-12-04 1987-10-29 Efka-Werke Fritz Kiehn Gmbh, 7218 Trossingen, De
EP0584805A1 (fr) * 1992-08-25 1994-03-02 Efka-Werke Fritz Kiehn GmbH Produit à base de tabac pour l'autofabrication d'une cigarette ainsi que le dispositif de fabrication

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1365969A (en) * 1920-12-17 1921-01-18 Liggett & Myers Tobacco Compan Plug-tobacco
US3385302A (en) * 1966-04-27 1968-05-28 Wattenford Herman Unrolled cigarette charge pack
DE3149584A1 (de) * 1981-12-15 1983-06-23 Jürgen 2800 Bremen Häntze Portionierte zufuehrung von tabak in handbetaetigte zigarettenstopfmaschinen
DE3244906C2 (fr) * 1982-12-04 1987-10-29 Efka-Werke Fritz Kiehn Gmbh, 7218 Trossingen, De
DE8437189U1 (de) * 1984-12-15 1985-05-23 Eicken, Joh. Wilh. von, 2400 Lübeck Vorgefertigter, umhüllter, für sich nicht rauchbarer Tabakstrang
EP0584805A1 (fr) * 1992-08-25 1994-03-02 Efka-Werke Fritz Kiehn GmbH Produit à base de tabac pour l'autofabrication d'une cigarette ainsi que le dispositif de fabrication

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10020146A1 (de) * 2000-04-12 2001-10-25 Klaus Gaetschmann Tabakprodukt, System und Stopfgerät zur Selbstverfertigung einer Zigarette
DE10346649A1 (de) * 2003-10-08 2005-05-12 Reemtsma H F & Ph Tabakportion sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen von Tabakportionen
EP2329724A1 (fr) 2005-11-25 2011-06-08 Philip Morris Products S.A. Bloc de tabac
WO2007060226A1 (fr) * 2005-11-25 2007-05-31 Philip Morris Products S.A. Plaque de tabac
DE112006003167T5 (de) 2005-11-25 2009-03-12 Philip Morris Products S.A. Tabakblock
EP1790240A1 (fr) * 2005-11-25 2007-05-30 Philip Morris Products S.A. Bloc de tabac
AU2006316463B2 (en) * 2005-11-25 2012-07-12 Philip Morris Products S.A. Tobacco slab
EA019028B1 (ru) * 2005-11-25 2013-12-30 Филип Моррис Продактс С.А. Табачная плитка
WO2008011923A1 (fr) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-31 Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh Système pour rouler soi-même des cigarettes
US8567411B2 (en) 2006-07-27 2013-10-29 Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken Gmbh System for self-assembly of cigarettes
US7967018B2 (en) * 2007-11-01 2011-06-28 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Methods for sculpting cigarettes, and associated apparatuses
WO2014095629A1 (fr) * 2012-12-19 2014-06-26 Philip Morris Products S.A. Unité de tabac pour un dispositif de fabrication d'articles à fumer
WO2023045034A1 (fr) * 2021-09-22 2023-03-30 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 Procédé de fabrication et d'emballage de cigarettes de forme spéciale
US11932478B1 (en) 2021-09-22 2024-03-19 China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd Method for manufacturing and packaging special-shaped cigarette

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2172522T3 (es) 2002-10-01
CA2133603A1 (fr) 1995-04-09
ATE213916T1 (de) 2002-03-15
DE59410069D1 (de) 2002-04-11
CA2133603C (fr) 2000-08-08
PT647411E (pt) 2002-06-28
DK0647411T3 (da) 2002-05-21
EP0647411B1 (fr) 2002-03-06

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