EP0643265A1 - Procédé et dispositif de commande de brûleurs à gaz avec prémélange et excès d'air - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de commande de brûleurs à gaz avec prémélange et excès d'air Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0643265A1
EP0643265A1 EP94113828A EP94113828A EP0643265A1 EP 0643265 A1 EP0643265 A1 EP 0643265A1 EP 94113828 A EP94113828 A EP 94113828A EP 94113828 A EP94113828 A EP 94113828A EP 0643265 A1 EP0643265 A1 EP 0643265A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
value
gas
standard deviations
signal
mean value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94113828A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0643265B1 (fr
Inventor
Detlef Dr.-Ing. Altemark
Hans-Jürgen Kruczek
Ulrich Prof.-Dr. Spicher
Jürgen Dr. Sterlepper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EON Ruhrgas AG
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Ruhrgas AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Ruhrgas AG filed Critical Ruhrgas AG
Publication of EP0643265A1 publication Critical patent/EP0643265A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0643265B1 publication Critical patent/EP0643265B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/08—Microprocessor; Microcomputer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/10—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers power assisted, e.g. using electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/16—Fuel valves variable flow or proportional valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00—Fuels
    • F23N2239/06—Liquid fuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for operating a gas burner operating above stoichiometry, wherein a flame property representative of the combustion state is measured, an average value signal is formed therefrom and this is used to regulate the gas and / or air mass flow.
  • One measure to reduce NO x emissions during combustion processes is to lower the flame temperature. This can be done by stoichiometric combustion. In addition to the amount of air required for complete combustion, the burner is supplied with cooling gas, which cooling gas can also include excess air. The combustion state depends on how much excess air or cooling gas is used.
  • the ionization current is measured as the flame property representative of the combustion state.
  • the mean value signal formed from this has a profile over the air ratio ⁇ , which decreases with increasing air ratio, the approximation to the flame stability limit being shown by the fact that the curve approximates the normal.
  • Such a control requires performance-dependent setpoint maps, which only apply to a limited heating and condensing range.
  • the signals are not long-term stable due to influences on the electrode and burner components. Changes in the gas type therefore require the controller to be switched externally.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy this and to provide the possibility for automatic detection and consideration of the type of gas.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the standard deviations of the measured value are detected, assigned to the mean value signal, and additionally used for setting and control.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that there is a gas type-dependent relationship between the mean value signal and the standard deviations. Depending on the type of gas, a different mean signal is assigned to a defined value of the standard deviations. By detecting these relationships, the control system is able to recognize the type of gas and to set the target value of the mean value signal accordingly - taking into account the set output, if necessary - so that the burner is in the desired range, e.g. is operated at a desired distance from the flame stability limit or from a CO emission limit.
  • a) the gas and / or air mass flow is varied until a predetermined threshold value of the standard deviation is reached; b) the actual value of the mean value signal is detected when the threshold value of the standard deviation is reached; c) a target value of the mean value signal is specified at a predetermined distance from the actual value of the mean value signal acquired in step b); d) the gas and / or air mass flow is regulated using the setpoint value of the mean value signal obtained in step c); and e) steps a) to d) are repeated as required and / or periodically.
  • the threshold value can, for example, be set at the flame stability limit. It can also be assigned a critical value for CO emissions. These show the same course as the standard deviations.
  • the control ensures that the burner remains at a reliable distance from the respective limit represented by the threshold value of the standard deviations.
  • the main advantage of this control concept is that no characteristic curves are required for the mean signal. Only for the starting process the controller specifies a "safe" gas / air mass flow ratio for a roughly set output. Proceeding from this, he then approaches the threshold value of the standard deviations for the first time and automatically determines the target value of the mean value signal from this. To do this, he only needs a specification for the distance that this setpoint should maintain from the actual value of the mean value signal which is assigned to the threshold value of the standard deviations.
  • the threshold value of the standard deviations is approached periodically, the length of the periods being dependent on the stability of the operating conditions.
  • the adaptation of the setpoint value may be necessary, for example, when the gas type is changed, the output is changed, the air temperature changes or as a result of any disturbance affecting the state of the flame.
  • a particularly good control behavior can be achieved by periodically adapting in addition to the need-based adaptation of the target value of the mean value signal.
  • the periods can be chosen to be relatively long.
  • a further improvement of the control concept is achieved in that gas type-dependent characteristic values for the threshold value of the standard deviations, the actual value of the mean value signal assigned to this threshold value and the distance of the setpoint value of the mean value signal from this actual value are specified such that when the threshold value of the standard deviations is approached from the assigned actual value of Mean value signal, the gas type is recognized and that depending on the gas type, the associated threshold value and the associated distance of the target value of the mean value signal from the actual value of the mean value signal assigned to this threshold value are selected.
  • the burner can be operated very closely, for example at the flame stability limit or the CO emission limit.
  • these limits are assigned different threshold values of the standard deviations.
  • the distance that the setpoint value of the mean value signal should maintain from the actual value assigned to the respective threshold value can also be selected differently depending on the gas type.
  • the level of the limit of the time frequency (e.g. 1000 / s) is not critical.
  • the controller in a further development of the invention and as an alternative to the map-free control, it is proposed to base the control on gas-type and power-dependent maps for the mean value signal and the standard deviations and to automatically switch to the corresponding, in particular adjacent gas type when the actual value of the standard deviations shows the map the current gas type.
  • the characteristic diagrams can be set up, for example, according to the distance from the flame stability limit and / or according to predetermined limit values for the pollutant emissions.
  • the controller begins in the map of the gas type in which it worked before it was switched off.
  • the controller increases the gas supply, causing the actual value of the standard deviations to move downwards out of the associated map. If the limit is exceeded, the controller switches to the map of the neighboring gas type with a lower calorific value. If, on the other hand, the instantaneous gas has a higher calorific value than the gas from the last operating phase, the controller tries to maintain the setpoint of the mean value signal by increasing the air supply. This causes the signal of the standard deviations to rise and to run upwards out of the associated map, the controller in turn switching to another map, namely that of the gas type adjacent in this direction. If there is a change in the type of gas during operation, the control processes run accordingly. For the rest, the regulation takes place on the basis of the power-dependent mean value signal with reference to the associated one Gas type-dependent setpoint map, and the gas type is recognized on the basis of the map of the standard deviation.
  • the gas type and performance-dependent maps are created by adapting them by approaching the corresponding threshold value of the standard deviation.
  • the measured value of the flame property representing the combustion state is preferably used for flame monitoring, i. H. to turn off the burner if the flame goes out.
  • An essential development of the invention consists in measuring the light intensity as a flame property representative of the combustion state. It was found that the standard deviations of the light intensity, particularly at the flame stability limit, have a concise course in an exactly detectable correlation to the mean signal. In addition, the light intensity causes the burner to be switched off immediately when the flame is extinguished. The light intensity can also be detected in a simple manner in terms of equipment and converted into corresponding measurement signals. Above all, measuring the light intensity enables reliable detection of the respective gas type. The measurement is inertia and allows the detection of an integral flame area. Finally, it was found that the light intensity is dependent on the power only to a comparatively small extent. Above all, this benefits the mapless, adaptive control concept.
  • suitable Selection of the radiation bands can avoid interference from radiating system components.
  • the different radiation characteristics of the individual gas types can be taken into account when selecting the radiation bands, and thus an optimal measurement signal for the gas type can be generated. It is also possible to identify gas types on the basis of the measured value acquisition over one or more radiation bands.
  • a preferred device for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a gas burner which has a mixing zone or chamber and a combustion chamber connected downstream thereof, a gas line leading to the mixing zone and containing an actuator, an air line leading to the mixing zone and containing an actuator and one associated with the combustion chamber Transducer for measuring a flame property representing the combustion state, an evaluation device connected to the transducer and a controller connected to the evaluation device and the actuators, this device being characterized in that the transducer is a light guide directed into the combustion chamber.
  • the frequency range of the light guide preferably excludes infrared radiation. The measurement is therefore not falsified by heated parts in the vicinity of the flame.
  • a photomultiplier or a semiconductor has proven to be an advantageous sensor.
  • Optics for determining the field of view size are preferably provided at the inlet of the light guide.
  • the field of view should be large enough to cover a representative flame area.
  • a relatively small angle can be used since the flame has a very uniform structure. The more intensive the premix, the more this applies.
  • muzzle-mixing burners on the other hand, a relatively large flame area must be detected.
  • the optics can also be designed as a heat shield, so that the light guide can be brought close to the flame accordingly.
  • the light guide can be brought as close as possible to the flame. Furthermore, the service life of the light guide is further optimized through the use of coolants. It is also possible to use less expensive light guides with lower temperature resistance.
  • the light guide can be surrounded by a gas curtain, preferably by an air curtain, to protect it from contamination.
  • the device according to FIG. 1 comprises an over-stoichiometric premixing gas burner 1 with a combustion chamber 2 and an upstream mixing chamber 3.
  • a gas line 4 leads to the mixing chamber 3, in which an actuator 5 in the form of a motor-driven gas throttle valve is arranged.
  • the gas line 4 also contains a safety valve 6.
  • An air line 7 also leads to the mixing chamber 3, in which an actuator 8 in the form of a motor-driven air throttle valve is arranged.
  • the burner 1 is also provided with a light guide 9 which detects the light intensity within the combustion chamber 2.
  • the light guide 9 observes the combustion chamber 2 through a central opening in a burner plate 10.
  • the field of view which is determined by optics (not shown) that form a heat shield, is narrow because the burner works with intensive premixing.
  • the main transmission range is between 200 and 600 nm, so it excludes infrared radiation.
  • the light guide 9 is connected to a controller 12 in the form of a computer with the interposition of a transducer 11 in the form of a photomultiplier or semiconductor. This is connected via a relay stage 13 to the actuators 5 and 8 and to the safety valve 6. The controller also receives feedback from the actuators.
  • controller 12 is provided with an operating device 14, a digital-analog stage 15 and an output device 16 for the process control variables.
  • the light intensity represents a flame property that represents the combustion state within the combustion chamber 2 of the gas burner 1.
  • the light intensity is detected by the light guide 9 and fed to the controller 12 as a measurement signal. From the measurement signal, this forms an average signal Um and a signal SN for the averaged standard deviations.
  • the diagram in FIG. 2 shows the course of these two signals, plotted against the air ratio ⁇ , for a given gas type and a given power. As the air ratio increases, the mean signal signal decreases, while the standard deviations increase. When the flame stability limit is reached, the initially gradual increase turns into a steep characteristic curve.
  • the two curves shown in FIG. 2 simultaneously represent the pollutant emissions, namely around the NO x curve and SN the CO curve, see the diagram according to FIG. 3.
  • the course of the curves in the diagram according to FIG. 2 is dependent on the type of gas and the power.
  • a diagram can be created with families of curves for the two signals, the parameter of which is the power.
  • the invention is based on the finding that there is a gas type-dependent relationship between the mean value signal and the standard deviations. If a certain value of the standard deviations is defined, different mean signals are assigned to this value depending on the gas type. From this relationship, the controller recognizes the current gas type and specifies a corresponding setpoint for the mean value signal for further control.
  • the burner can be started with a roughly predetermined output and an air ratio that is in the safe range.
  • the flame stability limit which is defined as the threshold value of the standard deviations, is then approached by increasing the air ratio.
  • the controller detects the associated actual value of the mean value signal and, based on this, specifies a target value that is a certain amount higher than the detected actual value. Since the detected actual value at the flame stability limit also represents the current gas type, the distance between the setpoint and the actual value can be varied depending on the gas type, possibly by adjusting the threshold value depending on the gas type.
  • the controller moves to the flame stability limit as required, for example when changing the gas type, when the air temperature rises or when other faults occur. He recognizes the need, for example, by the fact that the value of the standard deviations changes significantly compared to the value stored for each setpoint adaptation. The relationship between the actual values of the standard deviation and the mean value signal can also be monitored. A significant deviation of this ratio from the ratio between the one standard deviation value stored in the setpoint adaptation and the setpoint itself can also be taken as an indication of the need. Alternatively or in addition a periodic approach to the flame stability limit may be provided.
  • the frequency with which the threshold values are exceeded is recorded and a corresponding limit value is defined for this, for example 1000 exceedances per second.
  • the level of this limit is not critical.
  • maps are used, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 8.
  • the standard deviations are recorded as long-term standard deviations LSN in order to prevent the controller from considering short-term disturbances as a gas type change.
  • a setpoint characteristic curve of the mean value signal Um is specified for each gas type, and plotted against the power.
  • the corresponding diagram is shown in Fig. 4.
  • the power is shown here and also in the following diagrams as air mass flow.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 show corresponding diagrams, namely FIG. 5 for butane, FIG. 6 for natural gas and FIG. 7 for a test gas known under the name G 110, which is 51% hydrogen and 24% nitrogen and consists of 25% methane.
  • the first concept is that no maps are required for the standard deviations.
  • the threshold value of the standard deviations defining the flame stability limit must not be chosen too low, since otherwise it cannot be distinguished from normal burner operation with different gas.
  • the result is a corresponding level of CO emissions.
  • the increase in CO emissions occurs only briefly and can be tolerated under certain circumstances, since it does not significantly increase the total emissions. Otherwise, this disadvantage does not apply if afterburning is ensured.
  • the second control concept is more complex. To do this, it can always work at a safe distance from the flame stability limit.
  • the specified setpoints can take the permissible CO values into account for every gas type and every power level.
  • the measured value of the light intensity supplied by the evaluation device 11 can also be used for Flame monitoring is used, namely to switch off the safety valve 6.
  • the arrangement is not limited to a central alignment of the sensor. Rather, it can be assigned to the combustion chamber in any way.
  • the controller operates according to a value of the standard deviations, for example, representing the flame stability limit, provided that the corresponding CO emissions can be tolerated. It is also possible to specify a distance from this limit. Like the distance of the mean value signal in the case of the adaptive control concept, this can be predetermined mechanically, for example as the number of adjusting steps of the air and / or gas throttle valve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP94113828A 1993-09-13 1994-09-03 Procédé et dispositif de commande de brûleurs à gaz avec prémélange et excès d'air Expired - Lifetime EP0643265B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4331048A DE4331048A1 (de) 1993-09-13 1993-09-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines überstöchiometrisch vormischenden Gasbrenners
DE4331048 1993-09-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0643265A1 true EP0643265A1 (fr) 1995-03-15
EP0643265B1 EP0643265B1 (fr) 1998-04-22

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EP94113828A Expired - Lifetime EP0643265B1 (fr) 1993-09-13 1994-09-03 Procédé et dispositif de commande de brûleurs à gaz avec prémélange et excès d'air

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EP (1) EP0643265B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4331048A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997036135A1 (fr) * 1996-03-25 1997-10-02 Enrico Sebastiani Regulation de la combustion d'un gaz par positionnement de la flamme

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE20114065U1 (de) * 2001-08-25 2003-01-16 Viessmann Werke Kg Modulierender Gasbrenner
DE10200128B4 (de) * 2002-01-04 2005-12-29 Fa.Josef Reichenbruch Verfahren zur Erkennung von Gasarten und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brennvorrichtung sowie Brennvorrichtung für die Durchführung dieser Verfahren
DE102012108268A1 (de) 2012-09-05 2014-03-06 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Erkennung der Gasfamilie sowie Gasbrennvorrichtung

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0262390A1 (fr) * 1986-09-04 1988-04-06 Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour opérer des brûleurs à prémélange et dispositif d'exécution de ce procédé
GB2204428A (en) * 1987-05-06 1988-11-09 British Gas Plc Control of burner air/fuel ratio
US4913647A (en) * 1986-03-19 1990-04-03 Honeywell Inc. Air fuel ratio control
DE9011973U1 (de) * 1989-09-28 1990-11-08 Mindermann, Kurt-Henry, Dipl.-Ing., 4030 Ratingen Einrichtung zur Überwachung und Bewertung von Flammen
EP0408846A1 (fr) * 1989-05-10 1991-01-23 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Procédé pour le réglage automatique de mélange de gaz, d'oxygène ou d'air dans un chalumeau coupeur ou dans un brÀ»leur pour le traitement à chaud
US5037291A (en) * 1990-07-25 1991-08-06 Carrier Corporation Method and apparatus for optimizing fuel-to-air ratio in the combustible gas supply of a radiant burner
JPH04148110A (ja) * 1990-10-11 1992-05-21 Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The バーナ詰まり識別方法
GB2261944A (en) * 1991-11-12 1993-06-02 Nat Power Plc Flame monitoring apparatus and method

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1068665A1 (ru) * 1982-01-29 1984-01-23 Специальное Проектно-Конструкторское Бюро Всесоюзного Объединения "Союзнефтеавтоматика" Способ автоматического регулировани процесса горени
FR2638819A1 (fr) * 1988-11-10 1990-05-11 Vaillant Sarl Procede et un dispositif pour la preparation d'un melange combustible-air destine a une combustion
DE4042025C2 (de) * 1990-12-28 2001-04-26 Hitachi Ltd Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Auswertung des Verbrennungszustands in einer Brennkraftmaschine

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4913647A (en) * 1986-03-19 1990-04-03 Honeywell Inc. Air fuel ratio control
EP0262390A1 (fr) * 1986-09-04 1988-04-06 Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour opérer des brûleurs à prémélange et dispositif d'exécution de ce procédé
GB2204428A (en) * 1987-05-06 1988-11-09 British Gas Plc Control of burner air/fuel ratio
EP0408846A1 (fr) * 1989-05-10 1991-01-23 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Procédé pour le réglage automatique de mélange de gaz, d'oxygène ou d'air dans un chalumeau coupeur ou dans un brÀ»leur pour le traitement à chaud
DE9011973U1 (de) * 1989-09-28 1990-11-08 Mindermann, Kurt-Henry, Dipl.-Ing., 4030 Ratingen Einrichtung zur Überwachung und Bewertung von Flammen
US5037291A (en) * 1990-07-25 1991-08-06 Carrier Corporation Method and apparatus for optimizing fuel-to-air ratio in the combustible gas supply of a radiant burner
JPH04148110A (ja) * 1990-10-11 1992-05-21 Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The バーナ詰まり識別方法
GB2261944A (en) * 1991-11-12 1993-06-02 Nat Power Plc Flame monitoring apparatus and method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 16, no. 434 (M - 1308) 10 September 1992 (1992-09-10) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997036135A1 (fr) * 1996-03-25 1997-10-02 Enrico Sebastiani Regulation de la combustion d'un gaz par positionnement de la flamme
US6113384A (en) * 1996-03-25 2000-09-05 Sebastiani; Enrico Regulation of gas combustion through flame position

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4331048A1 (de) 1995-03-16
DE59405770D1 (de) 1998-05-28
EP0643265B1 (fr) 1998-04-22

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