EP0833106B1 - Procédé et dispositif d'optimisation du fonctionnement d'un brûleur à gaz - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'optimisation du fonctionnement d'un brûleur à gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0833106B1
EP0833106B1 EP97116689A EP97116689A EP0833106B1 EP 0833106 B1 EP0833106 B1 EP 0833106B1 EP 97116689 A EP97116689 A EP 97116689A EP 97116689 A EP97116689 A EP 97116689A EP 0833106 B1 EP0833106 B1 EP 0833106B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
air
flame
burner
controller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97116689A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0833106A3 (fr
EP0833106A2 (fr
Inventor
Enno Vrolijk
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Garrett Motion SARL
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Honeywell BV
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0833106A3 publication Critical patent/EP0833106A3/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
    • F23N2225/30—Measuring humidity measuring lambda

Definitions

  • An additional oxygen sensor has therefore been provided in the flue gas outlet, which, depending on the oxygen content of the flue gases, changes the gas / air mixture ratio via a regulator that acts on the gas or air supply in the direction of optimal combustion with a small excess of air, for example 4%.
  • Such an additional oxygen or NO x sensor increases the costs of the control device and, since it is arranged in the flue gas outlet, is subject to considerable contamination. It must therefore be regularly serviced and cleaned or replaced.
  • DE-39 37 290 A1 describes a method for controlling the one to be fed to a burner Gas / air mixture, the electrical conductivity of the flame region, i.e. the size the ionization current of a flame rod immersed in the flame as a parameter for the mixture composition serves.
  • the conductivity of the flame area is measured and compared with an empirically determined target value.
  • the deviation of the actual value from Setpoint value delivers a signal that changes the mixture composition, for example the blower motor, which changes the mixture composition until the Flame rod signals that the conductivity setpoint in the flame area has been reached.
  • DE 44 33 425 A1 and DE 195 02 901 A1 use the ionization current of a flame sensor to control the mixture.
  • a burner is known from DE-22 52 618 A1, in which the position of the flame in is visually monitored with respect to the burner plate, including a flame to glow brought platinum wire and a photo element. Strikes the flame on the burner back, the platinum wire located near the burner plate is heated and that Radiation of the platinum wire is applied to the photoelement. This turns into the speed of the fan increasing signal derived. On the other hand, the flame travels from the burner gone, the platinum wire is no longer heated and the photo element receives from this no more radiation. The resulting signal lowers the fan speed.
  • CH 389 539 describes a safety device on gas burners with a thermoelectric sensor, if the gas / air mixture is properly composed just touched the perimeter of the blue core of the flame. The changes Composition, the sensor protrudes into a cooler part of the flame, causing the sensor cools down and the gas valve closes.
  • the invention proposes a method and a device for operating a gas burner which do not require an additional oxygen or NO x sensor in the flue gas outlet and nevertheless lead to an at least approximately optimal combustion even when using different types of gas with a different Wobbe number.
  • the method and the device according to the invention are in the independent Characterized claims. Advantageous configurations result from the Dependent claims.
  • the invention uses the anyway to monitor the burner flame existing flame sensor additionally in the course of a calibration of the burner system, the optimal gas / air ratio depending on the type of gas determine.
  • the invention takes advantage of the fact that on the one hand with sufficient Excess gas ignites the flame with certainty and on the other hand the flame in dependence the size and position of the burner in relation to the amount of air changed. At high Air content increases the outflow speed of the gas / air mixture from the burner than the rate of combustion. This causes the flame to rise from the burner.
  • the flame sensor in such a way that it detaches the flame from the Burner can determine, this lifting of the flame can be evaluated that it as a sign of an excessively high proportion of air, i.e. for a non-optimal gas / air ratio is exploited.
  • the flame sensor in normal operation when the flame goes out it delivers a signal to stop the burner during the calibration despite the burning Flame will also give off a signal indicating the absence of a flame, if removed the flame from the flame sensor.
  • you could go for the two processes also use separate flame sensors. It may be one in the flame immersed thermal flame sensor, e.g. a flame rod or one act optical flame sensor, which is sufficiently focused to raise the flame to be able to recognize.
  • the gas / air mixture supplied to burner 2 contains too much air, which increases the flame.
  • the flame sensor 3 no longer protrudes into the Area of the flame tips, but into the middle flame area, the opposite the tip of the flame has a lower temperature. Nevertheless, the recognizes Flame sensor 3 the presence of the flames 1.
  • the gas / air mixture has a very high excess of air.
  • the flames 1 are still present, but so far from the burner 2 that the Flame rod 3 is no longer immersed in the flame 1 itself.
  • the flame sensor 3 can do not recognize the presence of the flames 1, but reports to a connected one Monitoring circuit a flame failure, although the flames 1 in reality available.
  • This lifting of the flames 1 from the burner 2 is according to the invention used to calibrate the gas / air ratio when the burner contains gases different Wobbe index should burn optimally.
  • a test copy of the burner is operated with an optimal gas / air mixture and at the same time measured the oxygen content in the exhaust gas.
  • the purpose of this measurement is that Actually optimally adjust gas / air mixture.
  • the operating mode is A.
  • increase the excess air until finally the flames 1 according to operating mode C. as far as are lifted from the burner 2 that the flame sensor 3 the presence of the No longer detects flames, but reports a flame failure.
  • the burner When installing a burner and then at regular intervals, for example once or twice a day, the burner is calibrated as follows: The burner is started with sufficient gas excess so that it ignites in any case and the flames are created. The excess gas depends on the gas with the lowest calorific calorific value to be burned in the installation in question. The setting of the corresponding control elements for gas and air supply is known. After the flame has been ignited, the gas / air ratio is changed in the direction of excess air by appropriate adjustment of the actuators determining the gas / air ratio, for example by means of a gas / air controller. As soon as the excess air has reached a value at which the flames 1 lift off the flame rod 3, the flame sensor 3 switches off the burner.
  • the calibration process can be repeated automatically. Each the more often such a calibration is carried out, the lower the risk that the Burner between two calibrations with a non-optimal gas / air ratio is operated.
  • the invention is for both burners with a switching and with a modulating gas valve.
  • Gas is the combustion chamber or the burner 2 from a Gas line G forth supplied via such an on / off gas valve 4 and a gas injector 5.
  • a blower 6 generates a stream of combustion air, which is passed through an air nozzle 7 Burner 2 arrives.
  • the blower 6 could with one operated by the desired gas / air ratio predetermined speed.
  • the invention provides an adaptation of this speed to the gas type in question to set an optimal gas / air mixture by means of the calibration mentioned.
  • the system started with a low speed of the blower 6, so that with certainty Burner ignites and the flame sensor 3 reports the presence of flames.
  • the controller 8 increases the speed of the fan 6 until as a result of the increased Excess air, the flames are lifted from the flame sensor in accordance with operating mode C. have and this consequently delivers a flame failure signal to the controller 8.
  • the preferred controller 8 equipped with a microprocessor and memory does not switch over here individual shown but known signal connections from the system and saves at the same time the speed value given when the flames go out.
  • the controller then reduces 8 is the target value of the fan speed by the above-mentioned predetermined percentage, that from the shutdown operating point according to operating mode C, the excess air on the optimal mode of operation A is reduced.
  • the system is optimized with this Gas / air ratio or excess air released for operation.
  • the controller 8 puts the system into operation by the Gas valve 4 opened and the blower 6 at the now optimized speed is operated until there is no longer any need for heat.
  • Such a calibration process can be preceded by every activation. For plants, which switch on and off more often is usually sufficient if the calibration is done once or takes place two times a day.
  • the Wobbe index of the supplied gas changes frequently Security not.
  • the calibration process can also be carried out without interrupting burner operation be when the controller 8 when switching on the system and when the Flame failure signal due to the flame lifting off the burner the fan speed reduced by the specified percentage without reducing the gas supply and thus the Interrupt the burning process.
  • FIG 3 shows in simplified form a burner system with modulating operation, i.e. Gas and Air supply changes depending on the respective heat requirement.
  • the fuel gas G arrives again via an injector 5 and the combustion air L via an air nozzle 7 to the burner 2.
  • a modulating gas valve 14 and the speed-controlled blower 6 are from one Gas / air controller 15 in the sense of maintaining a predetermined optimal gas / air ratio controlled. Examples of this are from EP 0 390 964 B1 (72400679) or EP 0 644 377 A (72200796) is known. Is between the gas valve 14 and the gas injector 5 a gas throttle 16 is switched on, which is controlled by the controller 8.
  • the speed of the fan 6 is dependent on the heat requirement changed.
  • the gas supply through the gas valve 14 in Controlled to maintain a given gas / air ratio.
  • Such a Gas / air regulator 15 has a predetermined modulation range over which it is automatic Adjustment of gas and air supply is effective.
  • the gas injector 5 is designed so that it with throttle 16 fully open and using a gas with the lowest too expected heat content achieved the desired gas / air ratio.
  • the system is started with throttle 16 fully open. As soon as the flame ignites The controller 8 slowly changes the flow cross section of the throttle 16. When the flame from the flame sensor 3, the controller 8 switches, as in the above embodiment, the Plant from. When you switch on again, the flow cross section of the throttle 16 is around predefined percentage between withdrawal value (operating mode C) and optimal operation (Operating mode A) increased, for example using a servomotor, which at constant Speed is in operation for a predetermined duration corresponding to the percentage mentioned.
  • the throttle 16 can thus be part of the modulating gas valve 14.
  • the setting the gas / air ratio during calibration can not only in the gas flow path, but instead be carried out in the flow path of the air L when one appropriate adjustment device between the fan 6 and air nozzle 7 provides.
  • this is less cheap, because in this case the use of different gas types Heat output of the burner would change.
  • a thermal flame sensor e.g. a flame rod 3 can also be a sufficiently focused optical or other Flame sensor are used, which not only the presence of the flame 1 but also detects their lifting from the burner 2.
  • the combustion air supply can also be through a throttle valve arranged in the air flow can be regulated.
  • the one used for calibration Regulator 8 and a combined gas / air regulator 15 can be made into a single regulator sum up.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé d'utilisation d'un brûleur à gaz doté d'un régulateur étalonné, le régulateur commandant l'alimentation en gaz et/ou en air du brûleur à gaz surveillé par une sonde de flamme, avec les étapes suivantes :
    a) pour l'étalonnage du régulateur, on fait fonctionner un exemplaire de test du brûleur à charge nominale avec un mélange gaz/air optimal dont le maintien est surveillé par une mesure de l'oxygène dans le canal des gaz de fumée; ensuite, l'excès d'air est augmenté jusqu'à ce que la sonde de flamme indique une disparition des flammes de l'exemplaire de test de brûleur; ensuite, on détermine de quel pourcentage l'excès d'air a été augmenté entre le fonctionnement au mélange optimal gaz/air et la disparition de la flamme de l'exemplaire de test du brûleur, et ce pourcentage est mémorisé dans le régulateur;
    b) on apporte au brûleur à gaz un mélange gaz/air avec un excès de gaz, et le brûleur à gaz est allumé;
    c) l'excès de gaz est diminué jusqu'à ce qu'apparaisse un excès d'air;
    d) dès qu'à un excès d'air prédéterminé, la flamme disparaít pour la sonde de flamme, cette dernière délivre un signal de disparition de flamme;
    e) à partir du rapport de mélange gaz/air existant lors de l'apparition du signal de disparition de flamme, le mélange gaz/air est modifié du pourcentage mémorisé à l'étape a), en direction d'une plus forte teneur en gaz;
    f) on fait fonctionner le brûleur à gaz avec ce rapport de mélange optimal gaz/air jusqu'à la prochaine optimisation.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le mélange gaz/air optimisé présente un excès d'air d'environ 4%.
  3. Dispositif d'utilisation d'un brûleur à gaz, comportant :
    a) un régulateur étalonné, et pour l'étalonnage du régulateur, on fait focntionner un exemplaire de test du brûleur à charge nominale avec un mélange gaz/air optimal dont le maintien est surveillé par une mesure de l'oxygène dans le canal des gaz de fumée; ensuite, l'excès d'air est augmenté jusqu'à ce que la sonde de flamme indique une disparition des flammes de l'exemplaire de test de brûleur; ensuite, on détermine de quel pourcentage l'excès d'air a été augmenté entre le fonctionnement au mélange optimal gaz/air et la disparition de la flamme de l'exemplaire de test du brûleur, et ce pourcentage est mémorisé dans le régulateur;
    b) un brûleur à gaz (2) alimenté en un mélange gaz/air;
    c) une sonde de flamme (3) associée au brûleur à gaz;
    d) une vanne à gaz (4, 14) et un ventilateur d'air de combustion (6); ainsi que
    e) un régulateur (8) raccordé à la sonde de flamme et qui, en cas de disparition de la flamme, interrompt l'apport de gaz et/ou de gaz/d'air au brûleur à gaz et agit sur un organe de réglage (6, 16) commandant l'apport de gaz ou d'air pour influencer le rapport gaz/air;
    caractérisé en ce que le régulateur (8)
    f) lors du branchement du brûleur à gaz (2), délivre à l'organe de réglage un signal de commande qui crée un excès de gaz suffisant pour un allumage sûr du brûleur à gaz;
    g) après l'apparition en provenance de la sonde de flamme (3) d'un signal de flamme indiquant l'allumage de la flamme, modifie le signal de commande en direction d'un excès d'air jusqu'à ce que le signal de flamme disparaisse;
    h) contient une mémoire pour le pourcentage déterminé lors de l'étalonnage;
    i) contient un dispositif pour la modification du signal de réglage du pourcentage prédéterminé en direction d'une augmentation de la teneur en gaz dans le mélange gaz/air et
    j) maintient cette valeur optimisée du rapport gaz/air dans la phase du fonctionnement suivante du brûleur à gaz.
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une sortie du régulateur (8) est raccordée à une entrée de commande de la vitesse de rotation d'un ventilateur (6) pour l'apport d'air de combustion.
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la vanne à gaz est une vanne tout ou rien (4) commandée par les besoins en chaleur.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 3 ou 4,
    caractérisé en ce que la vanne à gaz est une vanne modulante (14) commandée par les besoins en chaleur.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'une sortie du régulateur (8) est raccordée à l'organe de commande (16) dans le parcours d'écoulement (14, 16, 5) du gaz.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6 ou 7,
    caractérisé en ce qu'un régulateur gaz/air combiné (15) est raccordé à son entrée à une sonde de besoin de chaleur et agit par sa sortie d'une part sur un circuit de commande de vitesse de rotation du ventilateur (6) ainsi que d'autre part sur la vanne à gaz (14).
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la mémoire pour le pourcentage déterminé lors de l'étalonnage fait partie du régulateur combiné de gaz/air (15), de préférence d'un régulateur à microprocesseur.
EP97116689A 1996-09-26 1997-09-25 Procédé et dispositif d'optimisation du fonctionnement d'un brûleur à gaz Expired - Lifetime EP0833106B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19639487A DE19639487A1 (de) 1996-09-26 1996-09-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Betriebsoptimierung eines Gasbrenners
DE19639487 1996-09-26

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0833106A2 EP0833106A2 (fr) 1998-04-01
EP0833106A3 EP0833106A3 (fr) 1999-08-04
EP0833106B1 true EP0833106B1 (fr) 2001-11-14

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004051270A1 (de) * 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 G. Kromschröder AG Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Kalibrierung eines Heizwertgerätes
EP2014985A2 (fr) 2007-07-13 2009-01-14 Vaillant GmbH Procédé de réglage du rapport air/carburant d'un brûleur fonctionnant au gaz
DE10300602B4 (de) * 2002-01-17 2012-01-05 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners
EP2631541A1 (fr) 2012-02-27 2013-08-28 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Procédé de fonctionnement d'un brûleur à gaz
EP2667097A1 (fr) 2012-05-24 2013-11-27 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Procédé de fonctionnement dýun brûleur à gaz
US10247416B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2019-04-02 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Method for operating a gas burner
US11105512B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2021-08-31 Midea Group Co., Ltd Method and system for controlling a flow curve of an electromechanical gas valve
US11262069B2 (en) 2020-06-25 2022-03-01 Midea Group Co., Ltd. Method and system for auto-adjusting an active range of a gas cooking appliance

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DE19857239C2 (de) * 1998-12-11 2000-11-23 Honeywell Bv Regelverfahren für Gasbrenner
DE19963974C2 (de) * 1999-12-31 2002-11-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Gasbrenner
DE10030063C2 (de) * 2000-06-19 2003-03-20 Honeywell Bv Regelungsverfahren für Gasbrenner
DE10145592C1 (de) 2001-09-14 2003-06-18 Rational Ag Verfahren zur Leistungseinstellung gasbetriebener Gargeräte sowie dieses Verfahren nutzendes Gargerät
DE10200128B4 (de) * 2002-01-04 2005-12-29 Fa.Josef Reichenbruch Verfahren zur Erkennung von Gasarten und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brennvorrichtung sowie Brennvorrichtung für die Durchführung dieser Verfahren
AT411189B (de) 2002-01-17 2003-10-27 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur regelung eines gasbrenners
DE20201182U1 (de) * 2002-01-25 2002-05-23 Gabriel, Martin, 35756 Mittenaar Brenner für fluide Brennstoffe
DK1522790T3 (da) 2003-10-08 2012-03-19 Vaillant Gmbh Fremgangsmåde til regulering af en gasbrænder, navnlig ved varmeinstallationer med blæser
AT510075B1 (de) * 2010-07-08 2012-05-15 Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur kalibrierung einer einrichtung zum regeln des brenngas-luft-verhältnisses eines brenngasbetriebenen brenners
DE102012108268A1 (de) 2012-09-05 2014-03-06 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Erkennung der Gasfamilie sowie Gasbrennvorrichtung
DE102019131310A1 (de) * 2019-11-20 2021-05-20 Vaillant Gmbh Heizgerät mit Notbetriebsregelung

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BE598922A (nl) * 1960-01-12 1961-07-10 Henri Willem Grootenhuys Veiligheidsinrichting
FR2638819A1 (fr) * 1988-11-10 1990-05-11 Vaillant Sarl Procede et un dispositif pour la preparation d'un melange combustible-air destine a une combustion
DE3911268A1 (de) 1989-04-07 1990-10-11 Honeywell Bv Regeleinrichtung fuer gasbrenner
AT396028B (de) * 1990-04-17 1993-05-25 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur regelung eines voll vormischenden flaechenbrenners
JP3132213B2 (ja) * 1993-01-13 2001-02-05 松下電器産業株式会社 燃焼装置
DE59306401D1 (de) * 1993-03-11 1997-06-12 Landis & Gyr Tech Innovat Brennerregler
EP0644377B1 (fr) 1993-09-16 1996-10-23 Honeywell B.V. Dispositif de commande pour brûleur à gaz
DE4433425C2 (de) 1994-09-20 1998-04-30 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Regeleinrichtung zum Einstellen eines Gas-Verbrennungsluft-Gemisches bei einem Gasbrenner
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10300602B4 (de) * 2002-01-17 2012-01-05 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners
DE102004051270A1 (de) * 2004-10-21 2006-04-27 G. Kromschröder AG Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Kalibrierung eines Heizwertgerätes
EP2014985A2 (fr) 2007-07-13 2009-01-14 Vaillant GmbH Procédé de réglage du rapport air/carburant d'un brûleur fonctionnant au gaz
DE102008031979A1 (de) 2007-07-13 2009-01-15 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur Brenngas-Luft-Einstellung für einen brenngasbetriebenen Brenner
EP2631541A1 (fr) 2012-02-27 2013-08-28 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Procédé de fonctionnement d'un brûleur à gaz
EP2631541B1 (fr) * 2012-02-27 2018-04-11 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Procédé de fonctionnement d'un brûleur à gaz
EP2667097A1 (fr) 2012-05-24 2013-11-27 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Procédé de fonctionnement dýun brûleur à gaz
US10247416B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2019-04-02 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Method for operating a gas burner
US11105512B2 (en) 2018-03-30 2021-08-31 Midea Group Co., Ltd Method and system for controlling a flow curve of an electromechanical gas valve
US11262069B2 (en) 2020-06-25 2022-03-01 Midea Group Co., Ltd. Method and system for auto-adjusting an active range of a gas cooking appliance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0833106A3 (fr) 1999-08-04
DE19639487A1 (de) 1998-04-09
EP0833106A2 (fr) 1998-04-01
DE59705366D1 (de) 2001-12-20

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