EP2005066B1 - Procédé pour mettre en marche un système de chauffage dans des conditions générales inconnues - Google Patents

Procédé pour mettre en marche un système de chauffage dans des conditions générales inconnues Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2005066B1
EP2005066B1 EP07703333.0A EP07703333A EP2005066B1 EP 2005066 B1 EP2005066 B1 EP 2005066B1 EP 07703333 A EP07703333 A EP 07703333A EP 2005066 B1 EP2005066 B1 EP 2005066B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
ignition
gas
burner
starting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07703333.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2005066A1 (fr
Inventor
Ulrich Geiger
Martin Geiger
Rudolf Tungl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH
Original Assignee
Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH filed Critical Ebm Papst Landshut GmbH
Publication of EP2005066A1 publication Critical patent/EP2005066A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2005066B1 publication Critical patent/EP2005066B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/48—Learning / Adaptive control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/54—Recording
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/16—Measuring temperature burner temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/20—Calibrating devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for starting a firing device, in particular a gas burner, under unknown conditions and in particular the first non-firing, wherein for the firing device in a memory from a known empirical determinations characteristic of a starting air ratio depending on the burner temperature is stored.
  • Gas heaters are used for the production of heat in a boiler, to provide heating or the like. used.
  • different requirements are placed on the device. Specifically, the starting process of the device requires a quick ignition of the burner flame and a subsequent, adapted to the heat demand, power output. Due to the normally irregular use of the gas burner over the day and the night, the starting conditions for the gas burner are mostly unknown. Important parameters for these start conditions are above all the burner temperature, the type of gas, the gas pressure, the ambient pressure of the air and the humidity.
  • the decisive factor for igniting the burner is the starting air ratio, which describes the ratio of the actual amount of air supplied to the burner to the amount of air theoretically required for optimal stoichiometric combustion.
  • the setpoint for the air ratio for the optimal hygienic combustion during operation is about 1.3. Burners ignite in different gas-air conditions depending on the conditions.
  • the output of a gas burner depends on the regularly changing heat demand. Essentially, the power output is determined by the adjustment of the supply of air and fuel gas and by the set mixing ratio between air and gas.
  • the mixing ratio can be specified, for example, as the ratio of the mass flows or the volume flows of the air and the gas.
  • the DE 100 45 270 C2 discloses a firing device and method for controlling the firing device with fluctuating fuel quality.
  • the fuel-air ratio is changed accordingly.
  • the mixture composition is adjusted for each suitable type of fuel until the desired flame core temperature is reached.
  • maps are used for different fuels, from which a new, suitable fuel-air ratio is read out whenever the performance requirements change. A method for starting the burner is not disclosed.
  • a control system for a gas burner is shown.
  • the regulation takes place here using a temperature measured at the burner surface. Since the surface temperature depends on the flow rate of the air-gas mixture, falls below a certain temperature, the speed of the fan rotor is lowered, whereby the air flow and thus the air-gas ratio is lowered.
  • the starting process of the burner and the associated process steps is not dealt with individually.
  • a method for controlling a gas burner in which the CO concentration in the exhaust gases of the burner flame is detected with an exhaust gas sensor.
  • a certain CO value corresponds to a certain gas-air ratio.
  • gas-air ratio at a certain CO value a desired gas-air ratio can be set.
  • the burner regulates the air-gas mixture according to a standard specification adapted to a specific gas type but not in the case that conditions change, or that the boot process fails ..
  • the EP 770 824 B1 shows a control of the gas-air ratio in the fuel-air mixture by measuring a Ionisationsstroms, which depends on the excess air in the exhaust gases of the burner flame. In stoichiometric combustion, a maximum of the ionization current is known to be measured. Depending on this value, the mixture composition can be optimized.
  • the starting process is carried out by an automatic start, which generates by means of a setpoint generator, a start speed of the blower, in which an ignitable mixture is present. Also ignored is the case of a failed start attempt.
  • a disadvantage of the last-mentioned methods is that, in order to execute them, it is assumed either that the burners have already been started, or that insufficient starting methods adapted to fixed framework conditions are used.
  • a disclosure integrates in the description the starting process of a burner, solved with a start-up automatic, which uses only the blower as a controlled variable. This is not enough to consider different, unknown framework conditions and to react to non-ignition.
  • the state of the art DE 102 00 128 A1 discloses that different types of gas ignite in different fuel-air mixtures and the ignition is detected by means of a sensor. At constant air flow rate, the gas flow rate is continuously increased until it comes to the ignition. For different types of gas, different characteristic curves (straight lines) are stored in a control unit in order to determine, based on a measurement of the gas or gas flow rate. Air flow rate at the time of ignition with simultaneous comparison with the stored straight line to determine the gas type. It is thus known from the start-up process, the fuel-air mixture continuously to grease until it comes to the ignition.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for starting a firing device under unknown conditions.
  • Calibration is performed by a multi-step procedure.
  • the supply of too lean a fuel-air mixture to the burner and the steady slow enrichment of the gas-air mixture by opening the gas valve brings the great advantage that it can come to any deflagration explosion of an accumulated, unburned gas-air mixture .
  • an approximation of the mixture from gas-rich, rich to air-containing, lean mixture would be possible until an ignitable fuel-air mixture is present at the burner, but such an approach would be extremely disadvantageous in terms of safety.
  • the calculations during the calibration process are easy and fast to execute.
  • the air ratio and the desired mass flow of the combustion air is calculated by means of a characteristic curve which can be interrogated in a memory, so that the burner can be transferred directly to the operating state.
  • the storage of the calculated results has the advantage of a faster starting process in the future.
  • an empirically determined characteristic curve of starting air numbers to known framework conditions is stored in a memory for the firing device for calculating the actual starting air ratio.
  • different starting air numbers are pre-determined, which describe the stored characteristic curve.
  • the actual starting air ratio can simply be calculated during the calibration procedure by measuring the burner temperature.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flowchart illustrating the individual steps of the calibration process.
  • Steps mapped to one another are executed one after the other, and steps shown next to one another are executed simultaneously. Each step corresponds to a rectangular box.
  • gas is mixed with a constant amount of air.
  • the initially resulting fuel-air mixture is deliberately too lean, i. the proportion of gas is too low to be ignited. In this way, an initial situation is ensured, in which there can be no unexpected ignition, which could give rise to an explosion hazard.
  • the unknown, necessary for the ignition ratio between the amount of gas and air quantity for the respective conditions ignites the mixture and the gas burner is started. Exactly at this time of ignition, the burner temperature is measured. Using this measured temperature and the stored in the memory characteristic of the relationship between the starting air ratio and the burner temperature, the actual air ratio is calculated at the time of ignition.
  • the desired mass flow of the air quantity to be supplied is calculated from this air ratio. Then, with a known constant opening of the gas valve, the amount of air supplied from a measured actual value to a calculated Setpoint can be changed so that the setpoint air ratio is reached.
  • the desired air ratio is based on the desired characteristic curve which describes the desired ratio of air quantity to gas quantity or m L, actual / m L, min for different heat / power requirements.
  • a corridor that is at least as large / wide that the calculated starting air ratio lies within this corridor is generated around this desired characteristic curve.
  • the characteristic and the generated corridor are stored in the memory so that future start-up operations corresponding to the different heat / power demands are performed according to this corridor.
  • the conditions previously unknown to the gas burner have been converted into familiar conditions by the calibration procedure for the following starting processes.
  • the control of a desired air ratio of the calculated starting air number can be done by changing the amount of air supplied at constant gas opening.
  • limits are also set for normal operation, within which the gas burner is operated. If it is determined that these limits are exceeded or fallen short of over a certain period of time, there is an indication of a malfunction. This may be, for example, a deviation of the gas pressure from the permissible inlet pressure range, a deviation of the gas, or a malfunction of sensors. In this case, the gas burner automatically shuts off after a set period of time.
  • Burner temperature is a crucial parameter in terms of the starting air ratio needed to start. From several preliminary tests carried out in advance, a characteristic curve can be developed which determines a starting air ratio as a function of the burner temperature and which is stored in a memory of the firing device. To determine this characteristic, a fuel-air mixture which is too lean is slowly enriched in continuous ignition tests until ignition occurs. The air ratio at the moment of ignition is recorded. By repeating this process at different burner temperatures results from the individual results of the sought characteristic. By storing in a memory, the characteristic curve can be accessed at any time.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed sketch of the curve generated by the calibration process and the corridor dedicated to it (shown in dashed lines).
  • the decisive influencing factors for the mixture formation are the supplied gas quantity m G and air quantity m L.
  • the amount of gas m G is dependent on the opening (w) of the gas valve.
  • the characteristic curve lies in the diagram shown, depending on the framework slightly shifted towards the top or bottom. In the upper part of the fuel-air mixture is fatter, leaner at the bottom.
  • the corridor is determined around the characteristic curve, which specifies the limits for operation and a safe range for the air ratio for the following starting procedures.
  • the upper limit limits the combustibility of the fuel-air mixture to the rich, the lower limit to the lean range.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour mettre en marche un système de combustion, en particulier pour mettre en marche un brûleur à gaz, dans des conditions générales inconnues, dans lequel un diagramme caractéristique d'un rapport d'air de démarrage en fonction de la température du brûleur connu à partir d'un analyse empirique est stocké dans une mémoire pour le système de combustion, dans lequel, après une défaillance de l'allumage du système de combustion
    a) un étalonnage de l'opération de démarrage est réalisée, dans lequel le rapport nécessaire de l'ouverture de la vanne de gaz (w) au volume de l'air mL pour l'allumage est déterminé de manière itérative par variation de la quantité du gaz et / ou la quantité d'air; et
    b) en cas d'allumage, le dispositif de combustion a mis en marche et le ratio d'air (λ)IGNITION applicable est déterminée en utilisant le diagramme caractéristique et stocké, et
    c) les ratio d'air (λ)IGNITION déterminée et mémorisée au moyen de l'étalonnage sont utilisables pour processus d'allumage suivantes.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'étalonnage est effectué par les étapes suivantes:
    - alimentation d'un carburant-air-mix trop pauvre au brûleur de sorte qu'aucun allumage ne peut se produire;
    - enrichissement lentement et stable de carburant-air-mix par l'ouverture de la vanne de gaz (w) et / ou en réduisant le volume d'air alimenté sous tentatives d'allumage en continu;
    - lorsque l'allumage se produit, le calcul de la ratio d'air (λ)IGNITION de la température du brûleur à l'aide du diagramme caractéristique mémorisé;
    - calcul du débit massique cible de l'air de combustion mL,S pour le rapport d'air cible (As) à partir de la taille du débit massique réelle mesurée de l'air de combustion et à partir du ratio d'air (λ)IGNITION calculé au moment d'allumage; et
    - stocker le ratio d'air (λ)IGNITION cible pour processus d'allumage suivantes.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel une caractéristiques est générée par des étalonnages respectifs, le long de laquelle un couloir est défini, à l'intérieur duquel, ou à des limites duquel de combustion est exploité.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la caractéristique est définie par la fonction w = f(mL), avec w = ouverture de la vanne de gaz et mL = masse de l'air.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel, un contrôle immédiat de l'état de marche cible calculée suivant au moyen des valeurs cibles calculées après le calcul du débit massique cible de l'air de combustion mL,S pour le ratio d'air (λ).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le contrôle de l'état de marche par rapport aux valeurs cibles est réalisée en adaptant le volume de gaz et /ou le volume d'air.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5 ou 6, dans lequel un processus de contrôle est effectué après le contrôle de l'état de marche.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel un dépassement de la limite supérieure ou de la limite inférieure du canal du couloir est détecté.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le fonctionnement du système de combustion à l'extérieur des limites du couloir amène le système d'être mis hors tension après une période de temps prédéterminée a expiré.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le réglage de l'ouverture de la vanne de gaz est effectuée en faisant varier une tension ou un courant d'une électrovanne, la modulation de largeur d'impulsion, ou par la régulation d'un moteur pas à pas d'une vanne.
EP07703333.0A 2006-02-14 2007-02-07 Procédé pour mettre en marche un système de chauffage dans des conditions générales inconnues Not-in-force EP2005066B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006006964A DE102006006964B4 (de) 2006-02-14 2006-02-14 Verfahren zum Starten einer Feuerungseinrichtung bei unbekannten Rahmenbedingungen
PCT/EP2007/001050 WO2007093312A1 (fr) 2006-02-14 2007-02-07 Procédé pour mettre en marche un système de chauffage dans des conditions générales inconnues

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2005066A1 EP2005066A1 (fr) 2008-12-24
EP2005066B1 true EP2005066B1 (fr) 2014-08-27

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EP07703333.0A Not-in-force EP2005066B1 (fr) 2006-02-14 2007-02-07 Procédé pour mettre en marche un système de chauffage dans des conditions générales inconnues

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8721325B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2005066B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2641352A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006006964B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007093312A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006006964A1 (de) 2007-08-23
EP2005066A1 (fr) 2008-12-24
CA2641352A1 (fr) 2007-08-23
DE102006006964B4 (de) 2012-09-06
WO2007093312A1 (fr) 2007-08-23
US20090148798A1 (en) 2009-06-11
US8721325B2 (en) 2014-05-13

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