EP4060233B1 - Détection de la capacité et régulation du facteur d'air au moyen des capteurs dans le foyer - Google Patents

Détection de la capacité et régulation du facteur d'air au moyen des capteurs dans le foyer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4060233B1
EP4060233B1 EP21186229.7A EP21186229A EP4060233B1 EP 4060233 B1 EP4060233 B1 EP 4060233B1 EP 21186229 A EP21186229 A EP 21186229A EP 4060233 B1 EP4060233 B1 EP 4060233B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
signal
temperature sensor
combustion
fuel
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EP21186229.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP4060233A1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Lochschmied
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to CN202210257034.3A priority Critical patent/CN115076714A/zh
Publication of EP4060233A1 publication Critical patent/EP4060233A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00—Fuels
    • F23N2239/04—Gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
    • F23N2900/05005—Mounting arrangements for sensing, detecting or measuring devices

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to controls and/or regulation as used in combustion devices, such as gas burners, in connection with combustion sensors.
  • Combustion sensors in combustion devices are, for example, ionization electrodes and/or optical sensors.
  • the present disclosure relates to the regulation and/or control of combustion devices in the presence of hydrogen gas.
  • external influences can affect the air ratio and/or the combustion output.
  • Such external influences are, for example, the inlet pressure of the fuel, in particular the fuel gas, and the fuel composition.
  • Further examples of external influences are the ambient temperature, the ambient pressure and changes in the air supply path and in the exhaust gas path of the combustion device.
  • such sensors which monitor the flame in a safety-related manner can be included in the control of the combustion output and/or the air ratio of a combustion device.
  • Optical flame monitoring has hitherto been used for the combustion of pure hydrogen in a combustion device. Meanwhile, optical sensors for recording signals during combustion are expensive.
  • thermocouples and/or resistance temperature sensors are conceivable as sensors for recording combustion signals.
  • Thermocouples and/or resistance temperature sensors are to be thermally coupled to the supply air and/or the mixture and/or the exhaust gas and/or the plasma of a combustion at a combustion device.
  • Thermocouples and/or resistance temperature sensors are also thermally coupled to the mechanical mount. As a result of such couplings, thermocouples and/or resistance temperature sensors have hitherto tended to be too slow for monitoring a combustion process.
  • EP1154202A2 A European patent application EP1154202A2 was filed on April 27, 2001 by SIEMENS BUILDING TECH AG . The application was published on November 14, 2001.
  • EP1154202A2 deals with a control device for a burner.
  • EP1154202A2 takes a priority from May 12, 2000 claim.
  • To EP1154202A2 is a granted European patent EP1154202B1 before.
  • EP1154202B2 distinguishes between fuel gases with a low and high calorific value.
  • Two characteristic curves are used to differentiate between the two fuel gases.
  • the two characteristic curves each relate to a control signal for an actuator of the combustion device over a fan speed of the combustion device.
  • Control signals which correspond to the characteristic curves, are weighted for controlling the combustion device.
  • EP1154202B2 the use of additional sensors to control the combustion device. Those additional sensors influence the positions of actuators of the combustion device based on their sensor results. Mentions as an example of measurement data obtained from those additional sensors EP1154202B2 a change in boiler temperature.
  • DE102004030300A1 was filed on June 23, 2004 by EBM PAPST LANDSHUT GMBH . The application was published on January 12, 2006. DE102004030300A1 deals with a method for setting an operating parameter of a combustion device.
  • DE102004055716A1 deals with a procedure for the regulation and control of a combustion device.
  • DE102004055716A1 takes priority from June 23, 2004 claim.
  • DE102004055716A1 also discloses a mixing area into which an air supply and a gas supply open.
  • a line leads out of the mixing area.
  • the line ends at a burner part.
  • a flame is arranged above the burner part.
  • a temperature sensor can be arranged, for example, in the area of the flame, but also on the burner in the vicinity of the flame.
  • a thermocouple can also be used as a temperature sensor.
  • DE102004055716A1 teaches the regulation of the temperature Tactual generated by a firing device to a target temperature Tsoll .
  • a characteristic curve is used which indicates the setpoint temperature T set as a function of the mass flow of air and/or the load of the firing device.
  • the air ratio ⁇ remains constant as a further parameter.
  • WO2006/000367A1 deals with a method for setting an air ratio in a combustion device.
  • WO2006/000367A1 takes a priority from June 23, 2004 claim.
  • WO2015/113638A1 discloses a monitoring device by means of which a gas supply is switched off in the absence of a flame.
  • the monitoring device cooperates with a switch-off device comprising a valve.
  • the monitor may include a thermocouple or other sensor. The monitoring device is therefore safety-related.
  • DE10045272A1 discloses a firing device with a control device for the controlled generation of a fuel/air mixture with an adjustable fuel/air ratio, a temperature sensor for the flame length and a temperature sensor for the flame temperature being connected to the control device.
  • JP2017040451A was filed on August 21, 2015 by NORITZ CORP . The application was published on February 23, 2017. JP2017040451A handles an incinerator.
  • JP2017040451A deals JP2017040451A with the detection of a flame temperature, taking into account the delays of the respective sensor.
  • Thermocouples and thermistors are mentioned as sensors.
  • a prediction unit is used to account for those delays.
  • the prediction unit obtains a value by multiplying a difference between a temperature detected in the past and a current temperature by a coefficient. That value is added to the currently recorded temperature.
  • the coefficient required to determine that value depends on a delay time and on a predetermined period of time.
  • Delays caused by sensors are included in the 2020 technical specification of RTD platinum sensors from IST.
  • the response time for a sensor to track 63 percent of a temperature change due to delays varies between 2.5 and 40 seconds. In general, the response time depends on the dimensions of the respective sensor.
  • a pneumatic gas-air combination and/or an electronic combination can be used to regulate a combustion device.
  • a modulation range of one to seven can usually be achieved using a pneumatic gas-air combination.
  • the combustion output and the air supply only depend on the fan speed. If the use of other sensors is too complex, a correction of environmental influences is hardly possible.
  • environmental influences relate, for example, to air temperature, air pressure and changes in the supply air path or exhaust gas path of the combustion device.
  • An electronic network for the combustion of hydrogen requires additional sensors, for example to detect and safeguard the amount of fuel gas, in order to adjust the amount of fuel gas without combustion control. Meanwhile, such additional sensors are expensive.
  • the aim of the present disclosure is to provide a closed-loop and/or open-loop control system that enables combustible gases containing hydrogen to be burned.
  • an aim of the present disclosure is to provide regulation and/or control that achieves a sufficient degree of modulation.
  • Such a regulation can also be used for fuel gases containing hydrocarbons and/or for a mixture of fuel gases containing hydrocarbons with hydrogen.
  • Regulating and/or controlling a combustion device based on a single signal from a temperature sensor is delicate.
  • the signal from the temperature sensor essentially depends on its position in the combustion chamber of a combustion device. It must be taken into account here that the temperature signal is a function of the supply of the fuel-air mixture and thus depends on the combustion output. In addition, the temperature signal also depends on the mixing ratio between fuel and air and thus on the air ratio. It is hardly possible to obtain an unambiguous assignment for a measured temperature value to exactly one combination of combustion output and air ratio with just one temperature sensor. Therefore, an additional signal is usually required. This signal is usually the air supply as a representative of a mixture supply or combustion output.
  • the air ratio can then be corrected using a specified characteristic curve.
  • a procedure is in EP1902254B1 described, where in EP1902254B1 the measured temperature is given in the value range as a function of air ratio and combustion output.
  • a less complex sensor does not record any fluctuations in the ambient conditions such as air temperature, air pressure or fluctuations in the supply air path and/or exhaust gas path.
  • Such a less complex sensor is, for example, the fan speed detection of the fan. Consequently, that sensor has the disadvantage that it only incompletely determines the air supply.
  • the present disclosure addresses those difficulties by placing more than one sensor in the furnace of a combustor.
  • more than one temperature sensor placed in the combustion chamber of the combustion device.
  • the signals from both sensors, in particular both temperature sensors are read out and processed into values for a combustion output.
  • the signals from both sensors, in particular both temperature sensors can likewise each be processed into a value for an air ratio ⁇ . It can then be regulated and/or controlled on the basis of the determined combustion line and/or the determined air ratio ⁇ .
  • ambiguities can be resolved by arranging a further sensor, in particular a further temperature sensor, in the combustion chamber.
  • a signal is read from the additional sensor, in particular from the additional temperature sensor.
  • the signal read out is processed to a value of a combustion output and included in the determination of a current combustion output of the combustion device.
  • a feed signal in the evaluation.
  • a supply signal can be, for example, a fan speed of a fan in an air supply duct.
  • a supply channel can be a signal from a flow sensor in the air supply channel or in the fuel supply channel.
  • a supply signal can be obtained from an air damper position and/or from a position of a fuel actuator. The use of a feed signal has the advantage that the assignment of feed signal to combustion power is often unambiguous.
  • the two characteristic curves for determining the pairs of combustion output are specified for a specified air ratio. With the appropriate positioning of the two sensors in the combustion chamber, there is exactly one pair of points from the two sensor values at which both combustion outputs are the same for all possible air ratio values
  • the combustion output can be determined in the range of values as a function of the respective measurement signal for a specified target value of the air ratio.
  • the determination is made for each sensor arranged in the combustion chamber. In this way, both the air ratio and the combustion output can be adjusted to specified target values.
  • the combustion power depending on the associated sensor signal can be stored as a polynomial for both functions.
  • the two functions can be stored as a sequence of points between which linear interpolation is carried out over the minimum distance between the two points. If additional sensors are used, a function of the combustion power is stored in the value range of three or more sensors.
  • Another sensor can be, for example, a third sensor in the combustion chamber or a feed sensor.
  • the regulation takes place, for example, by first adjusting the air actuator or, alternatively, the fuel actuator. The adjustment is made until the combustion outputs determined from the two temperature values are the same or are close to each other. The combustion output is then calculated, for example, as the mean value of the two combustion outputs determined. The air actuator and fuel actuator are then adjusted in such a way that the calculated combustion output is at its target value, for example via a control loop. Any resulting deviation of the air ratio from the target value is readjusted again via the air actuator or alternatively the fuel actuator. As a result of the readjustment, the combustion outputs calculated from the two measurement signals are the same again.
  • the air ratio and combustion output can be set together within a dead band of the target values using a multi-loop controller.
  • Changes caused by external influences on the fuel can be corrected by correcting the air ratio.
  • a change in the fuel composition initially has an effect on the air ratio.
  • a deviation in the air ratio is corrected by the method disclosed here.
  • a change in the fuel inlet pressure and/or the fuel temperature and/or the air pressure and/or the air temperature can be corrected via the air ratio control.
  • FIG 1 Fig. 1 shows a combustion device 1 such as a wall-mounted gas burner and/or a floor-standing gas burner.
  • a flame of a heat generator burns in the combustion chamber 2 of the combustion device 1 .
  • the heat generator exchanges the thermal energy of the hot combustion gases into another fluid such as water.
  • a hot water heating system is operated and / or heated drinking water.
  • a good can be heated, for example in an industrial process, with the thermal energy of the hot fuels and/or combustion gases.
  • the heat generator is part of a system with combined heat and power generation, for example a motor of such a system.
  • the heat generator is a gas turbine.
  • the heat generator can be used to heat water in a plant for the production of lithium and/or lithium carbonate.
  • the exhaust gases 10 are discharged from the combustion chamber 2, for example via a chimney.
  • the air supply 5 for the combustion process is supplied via a (motor) driven fan.
  • a control and / or regulating device 13 to the fan Air supply V L before it should promote.
  • the fan speed of the fan speed sensor 12 thus becomes a measure of the air supply 5.
  • the fan speed determined by the sensor 12 is reported back to the control and/or regulating device 13 by the fan and/or drive 4 and/or air actuator 4 .
  • the control and/or regulating device 13 determines the speed of the fan via the signal line 15.
  • the control and/or regulating device 13 preferably includes a microcontroller.
  • the control and/or regulating device 13 ideally includes a microprocessor.
  • the control and/or regulating device 13 can be a regulating device.
  • the control device preferably includes a microcontroller.
  • the control device ideally includes a microprocessor.
  • the controller may include a proportional and integral controller.
  • the control device can comprise a proportional and integral and derivative controller.
  • control and/or regulating device 13 can comprise a (logic) gate arrangement which can be programmed in the field.
  • control and/or regulating device 13 can comprise an application-specific integrated circuit.
  • the signal line 14 or 15 comprises an optical waveguide.
  • the signal line 14 or 15 is designed as an optical waveguide.
  • Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.
  • the flap and/or valve position can be used as a measure for the air supply 5 .
  • a measured value derived from the signal of a pressure sensor 12 and/or mass flow sensor 12 and/or volume flow sensor 12 can be used.
  • the air supply V L is the value of the current air flow rate.
  • the air flow rate may be measured and/or reported in cubic meters of air per hour.
  • the air supply V L can thus be measured and/or specified in cubic meters of air per hour.
  • the fuel supply V B is set and/or regulated by the control and/or regulating device 13 with the aid of at least one fuel actuator 7-9 and/or at least one (motor-driven) adjustable valve 7-9.
  • the fuel 6 is a fuel gas.
  • a combustor 1 can then be connected to various fuel gas sources, for example sources with a high proportion of methane and/or sources with a high proportion of propane. Provision is also made for the combustion device 1 to be connected to a source of a gas or a gas mixture, the gas or the gas mixture comprising hydrogen.
  • the gas or the gas mixture comprises more than five percent, in particular more than five percent of the amount of hydrogen.
  • the gas or the gas mixture comprises only or essentially only hydrogen gas.
  • the fuel and/or the gas and/or the gas mixture comprises variably zero to thirty percent of the amount of hydrogen gas.
  • the quantity of fuel gas is set by the control and/or regulating device 13 by at least one (motor-driven) adjustable fuel valve 7 - 9 .
  • the control value, for example a pulse width modulated signal, of the gas valve 7 - 9 is a measure of the amount of fuel gas. It is also a value for the fuel supply V B .
  • a gas valve is used as the fuel actuator 7 - 9, the position of a valve can be used as a measure for the quantity of fuel gas.
  • a fuel actuator 7-9 and/or a fuel valve 7-9 are set using a stepping motor. In that case, the stepping position of the stepping motor is a measure of the amount of fuel gas.
  • the fuel valve and/or the fuel flap can also be integrated in a unit with at least one or more safety shut-off valves 7, 8.
  • a signal line 16 connects the fuel actuator 7 to the control and/or regulating device 13.
  • a further signal line 17 connects the fuel actuator 8 to the control and/or regulating device 13.
  • Another further signal line 18 connects the fuel actuator 9 to the control and/or regulating device 13. or control device 13.
  • the signal lines 16-18 each comprise an optical waveguide. Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.
  • At least one of the fuel valves 7-9 can be a valve controlled internally via a flow and/or pressure sensor, which valve receives a target value and regulates the actual value of the flow and/or pressure sensor to the target value.
  • the flow and/or pressure sensor can be implemented as a volume flow sensor, for example as a turbine wheel meter and/or as a bellows meter and/or as a differential pressure sensor.
  • the flow and/or pressure sensor can also be designed as a mass flow sensor, for example as a thermal mass flow sensor.
  • FIG 1 also shows a combustion device 1 with a first sensor 19.
  • the sensor 19 is preferably arranged in the combustion chamber 2.
  • the first sensor 19 advantageously includes a first temperature sensor 19.
  • the first sensor 19 is a first temperature sensor 19.
  • a signal line 21 connects the temperature sensor 19 to the control and/or regulating device 13.
  • the signal line 21 comprises an optical waveguide.
  • Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.
  • FIG 1 also shows a combustion device 1 with a second sensor 20.
  • the sensor 20 is preferably arranged in the combustion chamber 2.
  • the second sensor 20 advantageously comprises a second temperature sensor 20.
  • the second sensor 20 is a second temperature sensor 20.
  • a signal line 22 connects the temperature sensor 20 to the control and/or regulating device 13.
  • the signal line 22 comprises an optical waveguide.
  • Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.
  • FIG 2 shows the signal curve 24 of the combustion output 23 over the sensor signal of the first sensor 19 for a solid combustion gas at a predetermined, constant mixing ratio.
  • the sensor 19 is arranged in such a way that the combustion output 23 can be clearly assigned to the sensor signal.
  • Such a signal course 24 is obtained, for example, when a temperature sensor 19 is attached close to the burner 3 .
  • Characteristic curve 24 differs from that in EP1902254B1 mentioned characteristic characterized in that the characteristic 24 along the ordinate has the burning power 23 and not the temperature signal. Consequently, via the in FIG 2 characteristic curve 24 shown from the signal, the combustion power 23 can be determined.
  • the air ratio ⁇ is set for each combustion output 23 for this purpose.
  • the characteristic curve 24 is stored in the open-loop and/or closed-loop control device 13 .
  • the assignment also takes place there.
  • the characteristic curve 24 can be stored in an electronic circuit on the first temperature sensor 19 or in any other unit.
  • the evaluation also takes place there.
  • the combustion output 23 can be determined directly with the characteristic curve 24, so that an air supply sensor 12 is not required. If the fuel gas metering is assigned directly to the air supply 5, then the combustion output 23 and the air supply 5 are also assigned directly to one another. In this way, the air supply 5 can be set via the stated assignment between the combustion output 23 and the air supply 5 and via the control signal according to the line 14 . As an alternative, the air supply 5 can be regulated in this way via a closed loop control. In a preferred embodiment, the air supply signal is present, but the association between the air supply 5 and the signal is subject to external influences. These can be changes, for example, in the air temperature and/or the ambient pressure and/or the supply air/exhaust gas path.
  • a signal where such changes are not compensated for is the fan speed signal of the fan 4 or the position feedback of a damper.
  • the association between air supply 5 and the sensor signal on line 12 in relation to reference conditions can be recalibrated regularly during operation. The recalibration takes place with the help of the sensor signal and the combustion output 23 determined via the characteristic curve 24 as well as with the help of the assignment between the combustion output 23 and the air supply 5.
  • This process has the advantage that the air supply 5 and thus the combustion output 23 can be changed quickly.
  • the correction via the characteristic curve 24 takes place much more slowly.
  • the characteristic curve of a gas supply sensor can also be corrected such as the fuel supply based on the position of a gas flap setting.
  • the air control signal on line 14 and thus the air supply 5 are assigned directly to the fuel metering.
  • the course of the characteristic curve 24 depends heavily on the position of the sensor in the combustion chamber 2 .
  • a sensor position close to or directly on the burner 3 has the disadvantage that the dynamics of the sensor signal is impaired by the heat capacity of the burner 3 . This makes the regulation sluggish.
  • 3 shows the course of a characteristic curve 24 of the combustion output 23 as a function of the sensor signal from line 21 when the sensor 19 is arranged in the combustion chamber 2 in or near the flame.
  • a second sensor 20 is installed in the combustion chamber 2, which assigns the sensor signal from line 22 to the combustion output 23 via a characteristic curve 25 that deviates from characteristic curve 24. So that a clear assignment of the two sensor values to the combustion output 23 as a function of two variables is possible via the two characteristic curves 24 and 25, for all values of the combustion output 23 in the value range of the possible combustion outputs 23, the pair of points with the signals on lines 21 and 22, the is assigned to the respective value of the combustion output 23 via the characteristic curves 24 and 25 only occur once.
  • the two characteristic curves 24 and 25 can be stored as polynomials in the open-loop and/or closed-loop control device 13 .
  • the assignment then takes place by means of a rule with which the different fuel gas outputs for the currently recorded signals 21 and 22 are calculated using the characteristic curves 24 and 25 .
  • the characteristic curves 24 are stored as a sequence of pairs of values (21/23) and (22/23).
  • the signals from the lines 21 and 22 can lie between the corresponding stored pairs of values (21/23) and (22/23). Adjacent pairs of values (21/23) and (22/23) corresponding to the signals from lines 21 and 22 are then determined. Linear interpolation is used to determine the combustion output 23 .
  • the discrepancies in the burning power 23 for the signals from the lines 21 and 22 are then determined.
  • the absolute value of the difference between all calculated combustion powers 23 from characteristic curve 24 and all calculated values from characteristic curve is formed.
  • the mean value or one of the two calculated values is taken as the assigned value from the two combustion outputs 23 with the smallest difference.
  • Exist for the signals from the lines 21, 22 in the characteristics 24, 25 only exactly one burning power 23 for at least one of the two characteristics 24, 25, so this is taken as the result.
  • FIG 4 shows that the two characteristic curves can also intersect. As long as the above-mentioned condition for the unambiguous assignment is met, the combustion output 23 and thus the air supply 5 can also be determined with such characteristic curves.
  • the association can be made unambiguous with the aid of a further signal.
  • This further signal can come from a further sensor in the combustion chamber 2, which clarifies this assignment in the case of the respective signals with an ambiguous assignment. With this further sensor in the combustion chamber 2, a further characteristic curve is stored, with which the combustion output 23 can be clearly determined as described above.
  • An air supply sensor 12 and/or a fuel supply sensor is particularly preferred as the third sensor. If the fan speed or the position of an air damper is used as the air supply sensor 12, the returned signal on line 15 can be used to clarify the unambiguous assignment, despite the inaccuracies described above. Such a clarification can take place in particular when the combustible gas values with the same or similar pair of values are far apart.
  • the fuel gas values with the same or a similar pair of measured values on the lines 21, 22 are not in the error range of the external influences mentioned.
  • the combustion output 23 and from this the air supply 5 can be determined not only from the signals on the lines 21, 22 of the sensors 19, 20 in the combustion chamber 2.
  • the fuel supply 6 can be determined for a fixed predetermined mixture of a fuel gas.
  • the fuel in particular the fuel gas, can also be metered in the correct ratio to the air supply 5 with the means presented.
  • the prerequisite for this is that air supply 5 and fuel supply 6 can be freely adjusted via the respective actuators 4, 9 for air and for fuel.
  • 5 shows the behavior of the signals on lines 21 and 22 over the burning power 23. 5 relates to the case that the mixture is too lean in relation to the set air ratio ⁇ , i.e.
  • characteristic curves 24 and 25 correspond to the sensor signals on the lines 21 and 22 for different combustion outputs 23 when the mixture is set in such a way that the target air ratio ⁇ target is reached. If the mixture becomes leaner, the result is characteristic curve 26 for sensor 19 and characteristic curve 27 for sensor 20. Normally, characteristic curve 24 shifts to characteristic curve 25 by a different amount than characteristic curve 26 to characteristic curve 27 due to the leaner mixture.
  • two characteristic surfaces can be stored as a function of the combustion output 23 via the respective temperature values from the lines 21 and 22 and the air ratio ⁇ in each case.
  • the combustion output 23 and the air ratio ⁇ can then be clearly determined.
  • the prerequisite for this is that for each point of the combustion output 23 and the air ratio ⁇ , the pair of signal values over all the resulting pairs of points from the lines 21, 22 occurs only once in both areas.
  • the current combustion output 23 and the current air ratio ⁇ can be assigned directly to the pair of points.
  • the two actuators 4 and 9 can then be corrected to the setpoint.
  • a third signal is therefore often necessary in order to clearly determine the combustion output 23 and the air ratio ⁇ .
  • This third signal can come from another sensor in the combustion chamber. However, it is preferably the air supply signal from line 14 or 15.
  • the third signal can come from the fan speed feedback from a fan speed sensor 12 in the fan or the position of an air flap.
  • the third signal can come from the position of a fuel actuator, in particular from a position of a gas flap 9 .
  • the regulation takes place by keeping the air supply 5 constant or almost constant via the air actuator 4 .
  • the fuel supply 6 is changed by the fuel actuator 9 until a difference in the determined values of the combustion outputs 23 from the two characteristic curves 24, 25 is within a defined threshold value.
  • fuel supply 6 is kept constant or almost constant via fuel actuator 9 .
  • the air supply 5 is changed via the air actuator 4 until a difference in the determined values of the combustion outputs 23 from the two characteristic curves 24, 25 lies within a defined threshold value.
  • the adjustment direction is determined via the difference between the two determined combustion powers 23, for example by detecting that the difference is decreasing. If further sensor readings are added, the sum of the squared calculated difference values is compared with the specified threshold value, for example. This procedure ensures that the actual air ratio ⁇ actual is at the setpoint air ratio ⁇ setpoint specified according to the characteristic curves 24 , 25 .
  • the combustion power P actual is determined by, for example, calculating the arithmetic mean from the two combustion powers 23 determined with the aid of the characteristic curves 24 and 25 .
  • the air actuator 4 and at least one fuel actuator 7-9 are adjusted together until the specified combustion output P setpoint is reached.
  • the air ratio ⁇ can deviate slightly due to the combustion output adjustment. In this case, the air ratio ⁇ can , as described, be readjusted by adjusting at least one fuel actuator 7-9 or the air actuator 4 at the target combustion output P setpoint .
  • combustion output 23 and air ratio ⁇ are corrected directly by adjusting both actuators 4, 7-9. Reaching the respective threshold value for the difference in combustion power 23 is stored as a criterion in the multi-circuit control, as in the first and second variants.
  • the first actuator is adjusted more slowly than the second actuator.
  • the target values for air ratio ⁇ target and combustion output P target can always be achieved.
  • at least one fuel actuator 7-9 is adjusted more slowly than air actuator 4.
  • air actuator 4 is adjusted more slowly than at least one fuel actuator 7-9
  • Actuators 4 and 7 - 9 is utilized.
  • the at least one fuel actuator 7-9 with a stepper motor drive is faster than the air actuator 4 with a fan wheel that can be adjusted by a motor and a corresponding moment of inertia. Variant one is therefore often chosen.
  • the procedure presented ensures that during a change in the combustion output, the air ratio ⁇ is first corrected and only then the combustion output 23 .
  • the combustion device 1 is always operated with the correct air ratio ⁇ set during the change in combustion output.
  • the characteristic curves 24, 25 also correspond to the characteristic curves of the combustion output 23 for the respective sensors 19, 20 at a predetermined air ratio ⁇ set .
  • the setpoint air ratio ⁇ setpoint has a course over the combustion output 23 that is defined by the characteristic curves 24, 25 and is arbitrary over a wide range.
  • setpoint air ratio ⁇ setpoint can have an increasing or decreasing profile with combustion output 23 .
  • the progression of setpoint air ratio ⁇ sol over combustion output 23 is constant.
  • the characteristic curve 24 of the first sensor 19 is shown at the air ratio target value ⁇ set and at the lean air ratio value 26 . Furthermore, the characteristic curve 25 of the second sensor 20 is shown at the air ratio target value ⁇ setpoint and at the lean air ratio value 27 .
  • the third sensor signal can be, for example, a fan speed feedback from the fan 4 through the line 15 .
  • the air actuator 4 can move on a predetermined characteristic curve of an air supply sensor 12 .
  • the specified characteristic can be based, for example, on feedback of a fan speed or be a characteristic of a position feedback of an air flap.
  • FIG 7 such a characteristic curve 28 stored in the control and/or regulating device 13 is shown as a reference characteristic curve over the fan speed feedback 15 of a fan speed sensor 12 .
  • the characteristic curve 28 relates to a specific and/or well-defined environmental condition.
  • a command signal along line 14 of the blower motor or damper position, as well as a feedback position signal along line 15, has a similar signal for a reference condition.
  • the signal was linearized in advance via a characteristic stored in the control and/or regulating device 13 from the control signal or a reported position signal for the air supply 5 .
  • the characteristic curve 28 can be adapted to the current ambient conditions.
  • ambient conditions are, for example, air temperature and/or air pressure and/or changes in the supply air/exhaust gas path.
  • the air supply 5 is known as a direct function of the combustion output 23 for the currently measured fan speed or reference control.
  • a direct function means that the air supply 5 does not depend on any arguments of the function other than the combustion output 23 .
  • the supply determined from characteristic curve 28 is also known. The correction factor can thus be determined for the current air supply 5 as a ratio between the two signals. Since the characteristic curves of the reference air supply signals or the fan speed feedback over the air supply 5 pass through the zero point, characteristic curve 28 can be corrected to characteristic curve 29 .
  • Each characteristic value is multiplied by the determined correction factor.
  • the combustion output 23 and the air supply 5 can be quickly adjusted via the corrected characteristic curve 29 with the aid of this method. Meanwhile, the air supply 5 can be corrected slowly via the characteristic curves 24, 25. In this way, both processes are decoupled from each other. Fluctuations in the measured values of the combustion output 23 can also be averaged out via an averaging filter, and the combustion output 23 can thus be determined in a stable manner. The combustion output 23 can also be corrected in this way. The speed of a combustion output change is not affected.
  • the characteristic on which the fuel actuator 9 moves is in 8 shown.
  • Two reference characteristic curves 30, 31, which were determined for different pressures and/or different combustible gas compositions, are stored in the control and/or regulating device 13.
  • the characteristic curves 30, 31 describe the gas metering signal over the air supply 5, represented by the corrected signal value of the air supply 5 or the combustion output 23.
  • the gas metering signal represents the fuel supply and/or gas supply.
  • the two characteristic curves 30, 31 were determined under reference conditions, ie for specific inlet pressures and/or fuel gas compositions.
  • the characteristic curve 30 was determined with a high-calorific fuel or combustible gas and/or with a high inlet pressure.
  • the characteristic curve 31 was determined with a low-calorific fuel or combustible gas and/or with a low inlet pressure. In operation, it is determined what the current ratio between fuel gas and air is by shifting the signals from the sensors 19, 20 in the combustion chamber 2 as described above. The signals are shifted to an unambiguous pair of values on both characteristic curves 24 and 25 by changing the fuel actuator 9 up to this point.
  • a ratio can be determined using the weighted average.
  • the fuel metering signal and/or the gas metering signal is in this ratio.
  • the ratio represents the current fuel parameters and/or gas parameters, such as fuel gas composition and/or inlet pressure and/or fuel gas temperature. Because the same ratio applies to all combustion output signals with the same fuel parameters and/or gas parameters, the characteristic curve 32 can be calculated.
  • the fuel actuator 9 can quickly change its combustion output 23 on the characteristic curve 32 in accordance with the current fuel parameters and/or gas parameters. In particular, the fuel actuator 9 can quickly change its position based on the characteristic curve 32 according to the current fuel parameters and/or gas parameters.
  • At least one fuel parameter and/or gas parameter changes this is achieved by correcting the weighting ratio by adapting the sensor signals on lines 21 and 22 to the characteristic curves 24, 25 as described above.
  • the new characteristic can be calculated with the new weighting parameter.
  • the method for calculating the corrected characteristic curve 32 for controlling the fuel actuator 9 with different fuel parameters and/or gas parameters corresponds to the method as in FIG EP1154202B2 described.
  • a change in the fuel composition or the gas inlet pressure can also be corrected with the method described, because these parameters affect the air ratio ⁇ .
  • the air ratio ⁇ is corrected by adapting it to the characteristic curves 24, 25 as described above.
  • the flame can be monitored with the two sensors 19, 20, for example to detect a flame failure.
  • the two signals 21, 22 generated by the sensors 19, 20 are used not only for controlling the air ratio ⁇ and the combustion output 23 but also for detecting the presence of a flame.
  • At least one signal 21 or 22 can be evaluated for falling below a threshold value.
  • the threshold values can be selected differently for sensor signal 21 than for sensor signal 22. If the respective threshold value is not reached, the temperature is so low, for example, that no flame can burn any longer.
  • a signal is generated with which the safety shut-off valves 8.9 are closed via the lines 16, 17 so that no ignitable fuel can escape unburned.
  • the difference between the two signals 21 and 22 is formed, it being necessary to ensure that both signals do not have the same temperature value during operation. If the flame goes out, the two temperatures quickly equalize. So if the difference between the two signals falls below a predetermined threshold value, this is detected as a loss of flame. It is ensured that the safety shut-off valves 8, 9 are closed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de régulation d'un dispositif de combustion (1), le dispositif de combustion (1) comprenant un foyer (2) et un premier capteur de température (19) dans le foyer (2) et un deuxième capteur de température (20) dans le foyer (2), dans lequel le premier capteur de température (19) est différent du deuxième capteur de température (20), au moins un actionneur de combustible (7 - 9) pour produire une alimentation en combustible (6) et un actionneur d'air (4) pour produire une alimentation d'air (5), le procédé comprenant les étapes :
    de réglage de l'au moins un actionneur de combustible (7 - 9) et/ou de l'actionneur d'air (4) ;
    d'enregistrement d'un premier signal du premier capteur de température (19) ;
    d'évaluation d'au moins une première puissance de combustion (23) en fonction du premier signal en utilisant une première caractéristique (24) qui indique, pour le premier capteur de température (19), un premier tracé d'une puissance de combustion (23) du dispositif de combustion (1) par le premier signal du premier capteur de température (19);
    d'enregistrement d'un deuxième signal du deuxième capteur de température (20) ;
    d'évaluation d'au moins une deuxième puissance de combustion (23) en fonction du deuxième signal en utilisant une deuxième caractéristique (25) qui indique, pour le deuxième capteur de température (20), un deuxième tracé de la puissance de combustion (23) du dispositif de combustion (1) par le deuxième signal du deuxième capteur de température (20);
    de détermination d'une valeur de comparaison à partir de l'au moins une première puissance de combustion (23) évaluée et à partir de l'au moins une deuxième puissance de combustion (23) évaluée ; et
    de répétition des étapes précitées jusqu'à ce que la valeur de comparaison déterminée soit inférieure à une valeur seuil prédéfinie.
  2. Le procédé selon la revendication 1, le dispositif de combustion (1) comprenant en outre un capteur de température supplémentaire dans le foyer (2), dans lequel le capteur de température supplémentaire est différent du premier capteur de température (19) et différent du deuxième capteur de température (20), le procédé comprenant les étapes :
    d'enregistrement d'un signal supplémentaire du capteur de température supplémentaire dans le foyer (2) en plus de l'enregistrement des signaux du premier et du deuxième capteur de température (19, 20) ;
    d'évaluation d'au moins une puissance de combustion supplémentaire (23) en fonction du signal supplémentaire en utilisant une caractéristique supplémentaire, laquelle indique pour le capteur de température supplémentaire un tracé supplémentaire de la puissance de combustion (23) du dispositif de combustion (1) par le signal supplémentaire du capteur de température supplémentaire ;
    de détermination de la valeur de comparaison à partir de l'au moins une première puissance de combustion (23) évaluée et à partir de l'au moins une deuxième puissance de combustion (23) évaluée et à partir de l'au moins une puissance de combustion (23) supplémentaire évaluée ; et
    de répétition des étapes précitées jusqu'à ce que la valeur de comparaison déterminée soit inférieure à la valeur seuil prédéfinie.
  3. Le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, le procédé comprenant les étapes :
    de détermination d'une différence entre l'au moins une première et l'au moins une deuxième puissance de combustion (23) ; et
    de détermination de la valeur de comparaison en tant que somme de la différence entre l'au moins une première et l'au moins une deuxième puissance de combustion (23).
  4. Le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, le procédé comprenant les étapes :
    de formation de paires à partir de toutes les puissances de combustion (23) évaluées ;
    de détermination de différences sur toutes les paires formées entre les puissances de combustion (23) respectives évaluées ;
    d'élévation au carré de toutes les différences déterminées ; et
    de détermination de la valeur de comparaison en tant que somme de toutes les différences élevées au carré.
  5. Le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, le dispositif de combustion (1) comprenant au moins un actionneur sélectionné parmi l'au moins un actionneur de combustible (7-9) et l'actionneur d'air (4), le procédé comprenant les étapes :
    de détermination d'une première valeur de comparaison à partir de l'au moins une première puissance de combustion (23) et de l'au moins une deuxième puissance de combustion (23) ;
    de production d'un signal d'actionneur de correction à partir de la première valeur de comparaison ;
    d'envoi du signal d'actionneur de correction produit à partir de la première valeur de comparaison, à l'au moins un actionneur pour l'approximation des puissances de combustion (23) évaluées ;
    après l'envoi du signal d'actionneur de correction :
    d'enregistrement d'un troisième signal du premier capteur de température (19) ;
    d'enregistrement d'un quatrième signal du deuxième capteur de température (20) ;
    d'évaluation d'au moins une troisième puissance de combustion (23) en fonction du troisième signal en utilisant la première caractéristique (24) ;
    d'évaluation d'au moins une quatrième puissance de combustion (23) en fonction du quatrième signal en utilisant la deuxième caractéristique (25) ; et
    de détermination d'une deuxième valeur de comparaison à partir de l'au moins une troisième puissance de combustion (23) et de l'au moins une quatrième puissance de combustion (23), dans lequel la deuxième valeur de comparaison à la suite de l'approximation des puissances de combustion (23) évaluées est inférieure à la première valeur de comparaison.
  6. Le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, le procédé comprenant l'étape :
    de détermination d'une puissance de combustion (23) actuelle du dispositif de combustion (1)
    en tant que valeur médiane de l'au moins une première puissance de combustion (23) et de l'au moins une deuxième puissance de combustion (23).
  7. Le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, le procédé comprenant l'étape :
    de détermination d'une puissance de combustion actuelle (23) du dispositif de combustion (1)
    en tant qu'une première valeur de puissance choisie de manière sélective à partir de
    - l'au moins une première puissance de combustion (23),
    - l'au moins une deuxième puissance de combustion (23).
  8. Le procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 à 7, le dispositif de combustion (1) comprenant au moins un actionneur sélectionné à partir de l'au moins un actionneur de combustible (7-9) et l'actionneur d'air (4), le procédé comprenant les étapes :
    de calcul d'une différence entre la puissance de combustion (23) actuelle du dispositif de combustion (1) et une puissance nominale du dispositif de combustion (1) ;
    de production d'un signal d'actionneur à partir de la différence calculée ; et
    d'envoi du signal d'actionneur à l'au moins un actionneur.
  9. Le procédé selon l'une des revendications 7 à 8, le dispositif de combustion (1) comprenant un capteur d'alimentation d'air supplémentaire (12), dans lequel une fonction est consignée pour le capteur d'alimentation d'air supplémentaire (12), qui représente une alimentation en air (5) à une puissance de combustion (23) exigée du dispositif de combustion (1), le procédé comprenant l'étape :
    de correction de la fonction consignée à l'aide de la puissance de combustion (23) actuelle.
  10. Le procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel la fonction consignée comprend au moins une valeur consignée, le procédé comprenant les étapes :
    d'enregistrement d'un signal du capteur d'alimentation d'air supplémentaire (12) ;
    de traitement du signal enregistré du capteur d'alimentation d'air supplémentaire (12) en une valeur de mesure de l'alimentation en air (5) ;
    de calcul d'une valeur fonctionnelle en fonction de la valeur de mesure de l'alimentation en air (5) à l'aide de la fonction consignée ;
    de détermination d'un facteur multiplicatif à partir du quotient de la puissance de combustion (23) actuelle et de la valeur fonctionnelle calculée ; et
    de correction de la fonction consignée par le facteur multiplicatif, en ce que le facteur multiplicatif est appliqué à l'au moins une valeur consignée de la fonction consignée.
  11. Le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel pour deux combustibles avec différents paramètres de combustible, respectivement une caractéristique (30, 31) d'un signal d'actionneur pour l'au moins un actionneur de combustible (7-9) est consignée en fonction d'une puissance de combustion (23) exigée du dispositif de combustion (1), le procédé comprenant les étapes :
    de production d'un signal d'actionneur pour l'au moins un actionneur de combustible (7-9) à partir de la valeur de comparaison définie ;
    de calcul d'un facteur de pondération à partir des caractéristiques (30, 31) consignées pour les deux combustibles et à partir du signal d'actionneur pour l'au moins un actionneur de combustible (7-9) ; et
    de détermination d'une caractéristique (32) pour régler l'au moins un actionneur de combustible (7-9) en fonction d'une puissance de combustion (23) exigée du dispositif de combustion (1) à partir du facteur de pondération et à partir des caractéristiques (30, 31) consignées pour les deux combustibles.
  12. Le procédé selon la revendication 11, le procédé comprenant l'étape :
    de calcul de la caractéristique (32) pour régler l'au moins un actionneur de combustible (7-9) en tant que valeur médiane arithmétique pondérée à partir des caractéristiques (30, 31) consignées pour les deux combustibles, dans lequel la pondération de la valeur médiane arithmétique est effectuée en tant que fonction du signal d'actionneur pour l'au moins un actionneur de combustible (7-9).
  13. Dispositif de combustion (1) comprenant un foyer (2) et un premier capteur de température (19) dans le foyer (2) et un deuxième capteur de température (20) dans le foyer (2), dans lequel le premier capteur de température (19) est différent du deuxième capteur de température (20), au moins un canal d'alimentation en liaison fluidique avec le foyer (2), au moins un actionneur sélectionné parmi au moins un actionneur de combustible (7-9) et un actionneur d'air (4), dans lequel l'au moins un actionneur agit sur l'au moins un canal d'alimentation, le dispositif de combustion (1) comprenant en outre un dispositif de régulation et/ou de commande (13) en liaison de communication avec le premier capteur de température (19), le deuxième capteur de température (20) et l'au moins un actionneur, dans lequel le dispositif de régulation et/ou de commande (13) est formé pour exécuter un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12.
  14. Produit de programme informatique comprenant des commandes qui ont pour effet que le dispositif de combustion (1) de la revendication 13 exécute les étapes de procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12.
  15. Support lisible sur ordinateur, sur lequel le produit de programme informatique selon la revendication 14 est enregistré.
EP21186229.7A 2021-03-16 2021-07-16 Détection de la capacité et régulation du facteur d'air au moyen des capteurs dans le foyer Active EP4060233B1 (fr)

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DE29612014U1 (de) * 1996-07-10 1996-09-05 Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh, 35576 Wetzlar Gasbrenner
DE19734574B4 (de) * 1997-08-09 2006-06-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln eines Brenners, insbesondere eines vollvormischenden Gasbrenners
DE10025769A1 (de) 2000-05-12 2001-11-15 Siemens Building Tech Ag Regeleinrichtung für einen Brenner
DE10045272C2 (de) * 2000-08-31 2002-11-21 Heatec Thermotechnik Gmbh Feuerungseinrichtung mit Überwachung der Flammenlänge und Verfahren zum Steuern oder Regeln dieser Einrichtung
ITAN20020038A1 (it) * 2002-08-05 2004-02-06 Merloni Termosanitari Spa Ora Ariston Thermo Spa Sistema di controllo della combustione a sensore virtuale di lambda.
WO2006000367A1 (fr) 2004-06-23 2006-01-05 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Procede de reglage du coefficient d'air sur un dispositif de chauffage et dispositif de chauffage
DE102004055716C5 (de) 2004-06-23 2010-02-11 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung einer Feuerungseinrichtung und Feuerungseinrichtung (Elektronischer Verbund I)
DE102004030300A1 (de) 2004-06-23 2006-01-12 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Einstellung eines Betriebsparameters einer Feuerungseinrichtung und Feuerungseinrichtung
WO2015113638A1 (fr) 2014-02-03 2015-08-06 Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag Ensemble brûleur à gaz et appareil de cuisson au gaz
JP6693067B2 (ja) 2015-08-21 2020-05-13 株式会社ノーリツ 燃焼装置

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EP4060233A1 (fr) 2022-09-21
EP4060232A1 (fr) 2022-09-21
CN115076713A (zh) 2022-09-20
ES2953159T3 (es) 2023-11-08
EP4060232B1 (fr) 2023-05-24
PL4060232T3 (pl) 2023-09-11
PL4060233T3 (pl) 2023-11-20
CN115076714A (zh) 2022-09-20

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