EP0634957B1 - Verfahren zum sequentieren von sendungen bei briefverteilanlagen - Google Patents

Verfahren zum sequentieren von sendungen bei briefverteilanlagen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0634957B1
EP0634957B1 EP94906144A EP94906144A EP0634957B1 EP 0634957 B1 EP0634957 B1 EP 0634957B1 EP 94906144 A EP94906144 A EP 94906144A EP 94906144 A EP94906144 A EP 94906144A EP 0634957 B1 EP0634957 B1 EP 0634957B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sorting
mail
containers
stack
stacking
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94906144A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0634957A1 (de
Inventor
Hanno Gillmann
Ottmar Kechel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH filed Critical Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Publication of EP0634957A1 publication Critical patent/EP0634957A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0634957B1 publication Critical patent/EP0634957B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C3/00—Sorting according to destination
    • B07C3/02—Apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C3/00—Sorting according to destination
    • B07C3/008—Means for collecting objects, e.g. containers for sorted mail items
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C3/00—Sorting according to destination
    • B07C3/02—Apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C3/06—Linear sorting machines in which articles are removed from a stream at selected points
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S209/00—Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
    • Y10S209/90—Sorting flat-type mail

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for improved sequencing of mail in mail distribution systems.
  • mail in particular letters, is sorted according to a possibly preceding pre-sorting process and stored in a large number of stacking compartments.
  • the fineness of distribution that can be achieved is determined by the number of stacking compartments to which the mail is distributed.
  • the mail item is arranged in each sorting compartment in accordance with the prescribed sequence, so that with an appropriate arrangement of the stacking compartments, the entire mail item is arranged in accordance with the predetermined sequence.
  • the mail several times and possibly sorted indirectly.
  • US-A-5097959 describes a method for sorting mail items in the order of aisles in multiple sorting runs in letter distribution systems with rows of stacking compartments, in which the stacking compartments are not emptied during a sorting run, and in each case after the sorting run a reloading of the mail items from the mail items according to the order Stacking compartments takes place in a conveyor arranged opposite the stacking compartments.
  • Letter sorting systems are also already known, in which the stacking compartments are arranged opposite the substance input, so that after each sorting cycle, which is followed by a further sorting cycle, the mail item is quickly manually returned from the stacking compartments an input module can be entered.
  • the mail is handily transferred from the compartment to containers that are set up in a mobile frame opposite the stacking compartments. It is common for the containers to have a larger capacity than the stacking compartments, which are emptied several times during each sorting cycle for reloading.
  • a precondition for sequencing according to the procedure described above is that the order of the consignments after the first and for all subsequent sorting processes and during re-entry is strictly observed (sequence integrity), for which it is necessary that the containers are in the correct order after each sorting process mobile frame or additional means of transport for material input, or sorted into groups suitable for further processing after the last sorting process.
  • Disadvantages of the prior art are in particular that at least two surgeons are required for substance input and draining and that the re-stacking or intermediate stacking of the postal matter in containers increases the space requirement and the risk of violating the sequence integrity, since the stack in the container can easily fall over If the container is only partially filled and the sequence produced could be disrupted, the stacks are accidentally loaded into the wrong container, or the order of the containers is mixed up.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method which avoids the stated disadvantages of the prior art and enables simple, quick and safe sequencing of the mail item while maintaining the sequence integrity.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that only one operator is required, that practically no partially filled containers are created, that the risk of a violation of the sequence integrity is reduced and that less space is required.
  • the invention is based on the idea of not emptying the stacking compartments in a sequencing process during the sorting process, using a sorting plan in which, if possible, no stacking compartment overflows or overflows, and if a stacking compartment is full, an overflow compartment is assigned to it , into which further stacking takes place, and after the end of the sorting process, the contents of the stacking compartments are transferred in sequence directly into a conveyor device operating the input module or into containers and fed to the input module or other further processing in accordance with the sequence.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a letter sorting system for performing the method according to the invention, in which a number of stacking compartments 1 opposite a conveyor 2, with which the mail items 3, which are filled in transport container 4 have been transported to the input module 5.
  • a transhipment bridge 6, which is arranged between the stacking compartments and the conveying device and can be moved along the row of stacking compartments 1, as is known, for example, from DE 42, is used for fast and safe reloading of the mail items from the stacking compartments 1 into the containers 4 and the subsequent transport to the conveying device 2 36 507 is known.
  • the invention is described below using the example of sequencing in two sorting steps, since it is obvious to the person skilled in the art how to generalize the method for more than two sorting steps.
  • the first sorting process is based on the least significant digit (LSD).
  • LSD least significant digit
  • the sorting plan is designed in such a way that the individual stacking compartments are prevented from becoming full. Such optimization is possible because experience has shown that the mail volume for certain destinations fluctuates only to a limited extent around statistical averages, which can be determined by measurements and used as the basis for the sorting plan. According to the method of the invention, no compartment is emptied during the first sorting process.
  • the consignments are reloaded directly from the stacking compartment 1 into the containers 4 by means of the reloading bridge 6, successive compartments being emptied one after the other into a container until it is full.
  • the transfer bridge forms a continuous glide path between a stacking compartment and the conveyor arranged opposite. In this way, the formation of partially filled containers is largely avoided, which also minimizes any problems with the overturning of stacks of mail items within the containers.
  • the filled containers are arranged one behind the other in the conveyor 2.
  • a conveyor belt 2 is preferably provided for this, the width of which corresponds approximately to the width of the containers used. The emptying of the compartments into the containers and the arrangement of the containers within the conveyor or on the conveyor belt 2 takes place in sequence.
  • the LSD contains the elements a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k in descending order
  • the compartments are emptied in the order k, i, as shown in FIG. 1 , h, g, f, e, d, c, b, a
  • the items are arranged so that the highest elements of the LSD are stacked at the end of the container, the lowest at the front.
  • the containers are placed on the conveyor belt so that the end of a new container placed on the conveyor belt is adjacent to the front of a container already on the conveyor belt.
  • the transfer bridge has a funnel-shaped asymmetrical extension.
  • the specified type of reloading is implemented in a letter sorting system according to FIG. 1 as follows:
  • the reloading bridge 6 is moved by an operator along the row of stacking compartments, in such a way that the sequence k, i, h, g, f, e, d , c, b, a of the stacking compartments is moved, ie from right to left in FIG. 1.
  • the operator goes behind the bridge 6, lifts the separating knife that is usually used in the stacking compartments with the right hand to stabilize the mail items, supports the stacked items with the left hand, sets the separating knife back into the starting position and then pushes the stack of mail items with both hands in the container on the bridge. If the stack of items no longer fits into the space available in the container, only part of the stack is first removed from the compartment and the rest secured with the separating knife.
  • the filled container is pivoted onto the conveyor belt, which in the case of FIG. 1 corresponds to a pivoting movement of the operator to the left, so that the item last inserted into the container is on the side of the container facing the input module. Then the Operator an empty container and begins to fill it with the remaining shipments.
  • the conveyor belt 2 preferably ends in front of the input module so that the containers can simply be pushed into the module or reloaded.
  • the mail items are sorted according to the most significant digit (MSD) and stored in the stacking compartments, whereby an appropriately optimized sorting plan ensures that the stacking compartments do not overflow in the second sorting process.
  • MSD most significant digit
  • the compartments are emptied into the containers in the same way and the containers are placed on the conveyor belt as in sorting run 1.
  • the containers are removed from the sorting belt in order, converted into appropriate carts and sent for further processing.
  • the method according to the invention is not tied to the use of containers. Rather, it is possible to remove the mail items directly from the stacking compartments 1 after the sorting aisle 1 and to push them onto the conveyor belt 2 via a reloading bridge so that the mail items are then fed to the input module in sequence. All that is necessary for this is to ensure that the mail stacks lie snugly against one another on the conveyor belt 2, so that the mail items are prevented from falling over. This can simply e.g. can be achieved by a correspondingly controlled tracking of the conveyor belt 2, through which the mail items 3 lying on the conveyor belt 2 are brought to the transfer bridge 6 when the respective pair of stacks is emptied.
  • the table shows that in example A two compartments per destination (direction) can be assigned in the first sorting cycle, in example B two compartments for every second destination. In such a case, first filled the first compartment, then switched to the second, adjacent stacking compartment.
  • the sequencing process will be described in more detail below.
  • the subjects are sorted 1 + 2: DSN 001, 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601, 701 3 + 4: DSN 002, 102, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602, 702 5 + 6: DSN 003, 103, 203, 303, 403, 503, 603, 703 etc.
  • the loading of the consignments into the containers begins from behind, so that the highest values of the DSN are stacked at the end of the container, while the lowest values are stacked at the front.
  • 2 shows for example A the content 3 of a container 4 after the unloading of compartments 1 to 6, 8 being the stacking compartment with the number 1.
  • the contents of stacking compartments 5 and 6 are stacked, while the contents of stacking compartments 1 and 2 are at the front. Therefore, if the mail is removed from the container after the first sorting process, the contents of the stacking compartment 1 are first distributed in sorting process 2, and after the sorting process 2 is located at the front end of the respective stacking compartments into which the items have been stacked.
  • each deliverer in example A has 8 compartments in which the items, as shown in FIG. 3, are sorted.
  • Deliverers who only have to deliver 700 or 600 DSN need fewer subjects; with more than 800 DSN, more subjects are required.
  • the goods are reloaded from the stacking compartments of FIG. 3 into the containers from right to left.
  • the sequence of the mailings thus created in the containers is shown by way of example in FIG. 4. Again, it appears that the items with the lowest DSN are stacked in the front part of the containers and those with higher ones in the rear part of the containers.
  • a suitably optimized sorting plan ensures that the compartments are only overcrowded with a low probability.
  • two to three freely assignable overflow compartments are provided per row of stacking compartments, which are inserted into the sequence by appropriate signaling when emptying the compartment. If a stacking compartment is full, one of the free overflow compartments is assigned to this destination (direction), into which the corresponding consignments are subsequently stacked.
  • the operator is instructed to remove and acknowledge the overflow compartment.
  • the stacking compartment display shows which overflow compartment can be removed.
  • the stacking container known from DE 38 23 644 with a movable bottom is preferably used.
  • This container enables the items to be stacked directly from the stacking compartment without the items being lifted by the operator or would have to be lifted over the edge of the container.
  • the use of these containers also enables the mail items to be pushed directly from the container into the input compartment of the input module. Because the mail items are aligned with the stacking edge within the container, it is not necessary to re-align the mail items.
  • a height-adjustable transfer bridge 6 is used in the method according to the invention, in which the sliding plane of the transfer bridge can be raised or lowered to the level of the stacking compartment floors. Accordingly, each row of stacking compartments (strands) is arranged opposite a conveyor or a conveyor belt. In order to reach the height of the input device of the input module from the different heights of the conveyor belts, a movable height compensation bridge is used.

Landscapes

  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
  • Manufacturing And Processing Devices For Dough (AREA)
  • Pile Receivers (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
EP94906144A 1993-01-28 1994-01-25 Verfahren zum sequentieren von sendungen bei briefverteilanlagen Expired - Lifetime EP0634957B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4302231A DE4302231C2 (de) 1993-01-28 1993-01-28 Verfahren zum Sortieren von Sendungen in der Verteilgangsequenz bei Briefverteilanlagen
DE4302231 1993-01-28
PCT/EP1994/000197 WO1994016829A1 (de) 1993-01-28 1994-01-25 Verfahren zum sequentieren von sendungen bei briefverteilanlagen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0634957A1 EP0634957A1 (de) 1995-01-25
EP0634957B1 true EP0634957B1 (de) 1997-05-14

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94906144A Expired - Lifetime EP0634957B1 (de) 1993-01-28 1994-01-25 Verfahren zum sequentieren von sendungen bei briefverteilanlagen

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US5421464A (xx)
EP (1) EP0634957B1 (xx)
JP (1) JP3333209B2 (xx)
AT (1) ATE152937T1 (xx)
AU (1) AU671532B2 (xx)
BR (1) BR9403897A (xx)
CA (1) CA2133100C (xx)
CZ (1) CZ233594A3 (xx)
DE (2) DE4302231C2 (xx)
FI (1) FI944481A0 (xx)
NO (1) NO943590L (xx)
PL (1) PL305434A1 (xx)
RU (1) RU94045282A (xx)
SK (1) SK115394A3 (xx)
WO (1) WO1994016829A1 (xx)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007031315A1 (de) 2007-07-05 2009-01-08 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Sortieren von Gegenständen nach der Zustellreihenfolge in mehreren Durchläufen
DE102008003539A1 (de) 2008-01-08 2009-07-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Gangfolgesortieren flacher Postsendungen
EP2085152A1 (de) 2008-01-30 2009-08-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von flachen Gegenständen in mehreren Sortierläufen
WO2010055047A1 (de) * 2008-11-14 2010-05-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Postsortieranlage mit mehreren ausgabeeinrichtungen und postsortierverfahren
DE102008062841A1 (de) 2008-11-25 2010-06-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sortieranlage mit einer Fördereinrichtung
EP2226130A1 (de) 2009-03-03 2010-09-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sortierverfahren und Sortieranlage mit zwei verschiedenen Gruppen von Ausgabeeinrichtungen
DE102009016559A1 (de) 2009-04-06 2010-10-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von flachen Gegenständen

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DE19625007C2 (de) * 1996-06-22 2000-03-02 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Verteilreihenfolgesortierung
ATE215850T1 (de) * 1996-09-09 2002-04-15 Siemens Ag Verfahren und einrichtung zum steuern einer vorrichtung zum verteilen von sortiergutstücken auf physikalische zielstellen
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DE19714184C2 (de) * 1997-04-07 2002-01-10 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zum Sortieren flacher Sendungen in mehreren Sortiergängen
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DE19825925A1 (de) * 1998-06-10 1999-12-23 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Sortieren von Sendungen
SE513167C2 (sv) * 1998-12-03 2000-07-17 Bjoern Johansson Förfarande för lagerhantering av staplingsbara lagerobjekt
DE19943362A1 (de) * 1999-09-10 2001-03-22 Siemens Ag Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Ordnen von flachen Sendungen
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DE19947259C1 (de) * 1999-09-30 2000-09-28 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Sendungen
IT1307718B1 (it) * 1999-10-07 2001-11-14 Elsag S P A Metodo di ottimizzazione di un processo di sequenziazione di oggettipostali.
US7112031B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2006-09-26 Siemens Energy & Automation Inc. Method and apparatus for mechanized pocket sweeping
DE10145295A1 (de) 2001-09-14 2003-04-24 Siemens Dematic Ag Verfahren zur Verteilreihenfolgesortierung
US6749194B2 (en) * 2001-12-05 2004-06-15 Lockheed Martin Corporation Drop pocket stack height and object count monitoring system and method
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US6881916B2 (en) * 2003-02-13 2005-04-19 Lockheed Martin Corporation Flats sequencing system and method of use
DE10310760B3 (de) * 2003-03-12 2004-09-02 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Sortieren von Sendungen nach ihren Zieladressen
US7528339B2 (en) 2003-07-31 2009-05-05 Lockheed Martin Corporation Sequencing system and method of use
US7723633B2 (en) 2003-07-31 2010-05-25 Lockheed Martin Corporation Sequencing system and method of use
JP2006000684A (ja) * 2004-06-15 2006-01-05 Toshiba Corp 予備スタッカを自動的に切り換える紙葉類処理装置
FR2883778B1 (fr) * 2005-03-29 2007-04-27 Solystic Sas Procede de traitement d'envois postaux avec debordement dynamique
US7278568B2 (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-10-09 United Parcel Service Of America, Inc. Mail sorting systems and methods
DE102007004133A1 (de) 2007-01-26 2008-08-07 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Verteilreihenfolgensortierung
FR2913614B1 (fr) † 2007-03-16 2009-04-10 Solystic Sas Procede de tri d'envois en mode flip/flop
DE102009051663A1 (de) 2009-11-02 2011-05-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Transportieren und Sortieren von Gegenständen mittels eines Behälters
DE102009053051A1 (de) * 2009-11-16 2011-05-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Sortieren von Gegenständen
DE102011087370A1 (de) * 2011-11-29 2013-05-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sortieranlage und Sortierverfahren mit zwei Arten von Sortierendstellen
JP2015150478A (ja) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-24 株式会社東芝 区分装置および区分設定情報の生成方法
CN108722882B (zh) * 2018-04-28 2020-09-01 江苏华章物流科技股份有限公司 智能分拣打包系统及其分拣打包方法
CN115258363B (zh) * 2021-04-29 2024-10-18 山东新北洋信息技术股份有限公司 一种暂存装置和分拣设备

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007031315A1 (de) 2007-07-05 2009-01-08 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Sortieren von Gegenständen nach der Zustellreihenfolge in mehreren Durchläufen
EP2679316A2 (de) 2007-07-05 2014-01-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Sortieren von Gegenständen nach der Zustellreihenfolge in mehreren Durchläufen
DE102008003539A1 (de) 2008-01-08 2009-07-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Gangfolgesortieren flacher Postsendungen
US9205462B2 (en) 2008-01-08 2015-12-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for sorting flat mail items into delivery point sequencing
EP2085152A1 (de) 2008-01-30 2009-08-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von flachen Gegenständen in mehreren Sortierläufen
DE102008006752A1 (de) 2008-01-30 2009-08-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von flachen Gegenständen in mehreren Sortierläufen
DE102008062843A1 (de) 2008-11-14 2010-06-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sortieranlage mit mehreren Ausgabeeinrichtungen und Sortierverfahren
US8348275B2 (en) 2008-11-14 2013-01-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mail-sorting installation with a plurality of output means, and mail-sorting methods
DE102008058843A1 (de) 2008-11-14 2010-05-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sortieranlage mit mehreren Ausgabeeinrichtungen und Sortierverfahren
WO2010055047A1 (de) * 2008-11-14 2010-05-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Postsortieranlage mit mehreren ausgabeeinrichtungen und postsortierverfahren
DE102008062841A1 (de) 2008-11-25 2010-06-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sortieranlage mit einer Fördereinrichtung
EP2226130A1 (de) 2009-03-03 2010-09-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sortierverfahren und Sortieranlage mit zwei verschiedenen Gruppen von Ausgabeeinrichtungen
DE102009011428A1 (de) 2009-03-03 2010-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sortierverfahren und Sortieranlage mit zwei verschiedenen Gruppen von Ausgabeeinrichtung
DE102009016559A1 (de) 2009-04-06 2010-10-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von flachen Gegenständen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2133100C (en) 2004-01-20
SK115394A3 (en) 1995-04-12
FI944481A (fi) 1994-09-27
NO943590D0 (no) 1994-09-27
AU5999294A (en) 1994-08-15
DE4302231A1 (de) 1994-08-18
FI944481A0 (fi) 1994-09-27
BR9403897A (pt) 1999-09-08
DE4302231C2 (de) 1995-08-10
WO1994016829A1 (de) 1994-08-04
CZ233594A3 (en) 1995-08-16
EP0634957A1 (de) 1995-01-25
JP3333209B2 (ja) 2002-10-15
DE59402719D1 (de) 1997-06-19
PL305434A1 (en) 1995-01-09
AU671532B2 (en) 1996-08-29
CA2133100A1 (en) 1994-07-29
NO943590L (no) 1994-09-28
US5421464A (en) 1995-06-06
JPH07509660A (ja) 1995-10-26
ATE152937T1 (de) 1997-05-15
RU94045282A (ru) 1996-08-20

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