EP0627262B1 - Zum Fein- und Feinstmahlen eines Gutes dienende, kontinuierlich arbeitende Rührwerkskugelmühle - Google Patents
Zum Fein- und Feinstmahlen eines Gutes dienende, kontinuierlich arbeitende Rührwerkskugelmühle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0627262B1 EP0627262B1 EP94810295A EP94810295A EP0627262B1 EP 0627262 B1 EP0627262 B1 EP 0627262B1 EP 94810295 A EP94810295 A EP 94810295A EP 94810295 A EP94810295 A EP 94810295A EP 0627262 B1 EP0627262 B1 EP 0627262B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ball mill
- discs
- milling
- chamber
- agitator ball
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/16—Mills in which a fixed container houses stirring means tumbling the charge
- B02C17/163—Stirring means
Definitions
- the invention relates to an agitator ball mill and a Process for fine and very fine grinding of a good, namely one Agitator ball mill according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of claim 10.
- Agitator ball mills are used, for example, for comminution and dispersing solids in a liquid phase or used to digest microorganisms.
- the proposed agitator ball mills have a cylindrical one or conical, horizontal or vertical axis grinding chamber, whose housing consists of one longitudinal wall and two on the two Ends of the longitudinal wall arranged end walls is formed. One end wall has one for feeding the Grist-serving good inlet and the other end wall a good outlet for removing the goods.
- the grinding chamber is also an agitator that can be rotated around the axis of the chamber arranged radially around the grinding media presented in the mill to the agitator shaft and thereby continuously material passed through the grinding chamber through impact and Crush shear forces.
- the agitators have the known agitator ball mills several, coaxial to the chamber axis rotating agitators. These have the shape, for example a disc with a substantially circular orbit and are in through slots opening into the orbit tapering, extending in the tangential direction Tines divided.
- agitator ball mill is known from GB-A 1,340,385. This reveals one for fine and Fine grinding of a good serving, continuously working Agitator ball mill with a cylindrical, for holding of grinding media serving, one on one Arranged end of the grinding chamber and in the interior of the Grinding chamber opening good inlet and one at the other end of the Grinding chamber arranged Gut outlet and one more Agitator with agitators and coaxial to the chamber axis.
- the agitators of the agitator each have a circular partition plate and on each side of the partition plate a circular disc, the latter a central one Have opening through which the grinding media and the well-formed mixture can flow through.
- the Separating plate divides the gap between the two disks two slots, namely a lower and an upper one Slot, which, as will be explained in more detail, the grinding effect reinforced.
- the two discs of the agitators have mutually arcuate edge sections, which is a reduction in Gap or slot widths in the edge area, i.e. an increase the flow rate of the exiting from the stirring elements Mixture.
- the slot width is chosen so that they are only slightly larger in the area of the pane edges is, as the diameter of the grinding media, thereby a proportionate to achieve good grinding effect.
- the between the separating plate arranged on both disks finally has the Purpose to increase the frequency of particle collisions what together with the particle acceleration in the edge area an improved Grinding effect.
- the internal chamber pressure has the effect that, in particular, the Grinding media during the grinding and / or dispersing process exposed to relatively large mechanical wear are and that to maintain a uniform from the grinding chamber leaking product streams for the movement of the stirring elements necessary agitator power must be increased.
- the accumulation of grinding media in the area of the good outlet ultimately causes also an increase in the grinding temperature, which is disadvantageous affect the quality of the product to be manufactured can. Additional wear of the grinding media occurs in the from GB-A 1,340,285 known mill finally through the relatively narrow gap.
- the invention is now based on GB-A 1,340,285
- the underlying task of creating a new agitator ball mill which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages and with which good can be ground gently and evenly, for what in particular a uniform axial distribution of the grinding media is kept in the grinding chamber.
- the invention further relates to a with this agitator ball mill feasible process by the characteristics of claim 10 is defined.
- the only partially shown in Figure 1 and as a whole with 1 designated grinding chamber of an agitator ball mill has a housing 2 with a horizontal axis 3.
- the Housing 2 has an elongated, substantially cylindrical Longitudinal wall 4 and two at both ends of the longitudinal wall 4th arranged end walls 5 and 6, of which the end wall 5 a feed inlet for feeding the regrind 8 and the end wall 6 one for removing the goods Good outlet 9 has.
- an agitator 10 is also arranged four paddlewheel-like agitators distributed along axis 3 12 and by a not shown in the drawing Drive device can be rotated.
- the axis 3 coaxial shaft 11 of the agitator 10 is with its the end wall 6 piercing end on the drive device attached.
- each has Agitator 12 a disc 12a facing the end wall 6, a parallel to this, facing the end wall 5 annular disc 12b with a coaxial to the axis 3 Opening 12d and several, the two disks 12a and 12b interconnecting and designed as blades 12c Funding elements.
- the latter are arcuate in longitudinal section and connect the disks 12a and 12b together.
- an agitator ball mill having the grinding chamber 1 When operating an agitator ball mill having the grinding chamber 1 is through the inlet 8 to be ground or Good to be dispersed in a liquid in liquid form continuously transported into the interior 7 of the grinding chamber 1 and led to outlet 9 in this.
- This can be, for example around dye suspensions, lacquer colors, printing inks, Agrochemicals, filler suspensions, video tape coatings, Cosmetics, food or microorganisms act.
- the grinding media present in the interior 7 of the grinding chamber 1 13 grind and / or disperse during operation the agitator ball mill continuously through the grinding chamber 1 passed through, whereupon that in the grinding chamber produced this product - in a continuous flow of liquid - Leaves through the separation mechanism 14.
- the speed at which the said mixture is moved radially preferably greater than the speed of the material passed through the grinding chamber 1 - thereby entraining grinding media 13 through the axial flowing material is avoided - can be a uniform distribution of the grinding media 13 in the interior 7 to adjust.
- the speed at which the grinding media 13 radially can be moved for example, by about one Be three to seven times faster than speed, with which the material to be ground flows through the grinding chamber 1.
- the shown in Figures 3 and 5 and as a whole 21 designated grinding chamber is similar to that based on the figure 1 described grinding chamber 1 is formed and has like this one from a longitudinal wall 23 and two end walls 24 and 25 formed housing 22 and a horizontally mounted agitator 26 on.
- the agitator 26 has a plurality of paddlewheel-like ones Stirring elements 27, each consisting of an essentially circular disc 27a, one arranged parallel to this Disc 27b and more between discs 27a and 27b arranged blades 27c exist. That in Figure 4 in view Stirring member 27 shown differs from that Agitator 12 in that the discs 27a and 27b to the end wall 24 are inclined towards and that the good inlet 8 facing disc 27b has the central opening 27d, so that when the agitator ball mill is operated, this is done by the agitators radially moving mixture on the end wall 24 suction side of the stirring elements 27 sucked becomes.
- the curved shape of the stirring elements 27 now has the additional one Advantage that when turning the stirring elements 27 in the direction arrow 28 the grinding media sucked in through hole 27d in the direction of arrow 29 from the agitator 27 - that is, in the direction of flow the opposite direction - ejected be, so that this is also proportionate large axial speed of the to be ground and / or good to be dispersed in a liquid Adjust the distribution of the grinding media 13 in the interior 7 can.
- the agitator 26 has two different Stirring elements, namely a propeller-like stirring element 30 and a paddle wheel-type agitator 36.
- the stirring element 30 is composed of a propeller 31 and two circular discs 32 and 33 together. Latter are on the inner wall of the grinding chamber 21 by means of holding arms 34 attached and each have a coaxial to the chamber axis hole 32a and 33a through which the shaft of the agitator 26 passes.
- the propeller 31 shown in view in FIG. 6 has four wings 31a designed as conveying elements, through which during the operation of the agitator ball mill in the Grinding chamber submitted mixture is transported to the disk 32.
- the diameter of the hole 33a facing the good inlet Disk 33 is in the embodiment shown in Figure 5 preferably larger than the diameter of the drive shaft, for example twice as big as this that at least continuously during the operation of the agitator ball mill part of the propeller carried to wall 32 Mixtures are deflected radially and back in the direction of arrow 35 in the space between the two disks 32 and 33 can flow.
- the agitator 30 in different can be changed. So you can choose at least one of the two disks 32 or 33 - instead of the inner wall of the grinding chamber 21 - also on the shaft of the agitator 26 be attached.
- One for sucking the in the grinding chamber 21 submitted mixture serving disc without Holding arms 34 is attached has - in contrast to in 5 shown disk 33 - at least one central Bore or several, for example arranged in a circle Single holes on.
- Stirring member 36 differs from the stirring member 12 and 27 in that there are three arranged parallel to each other Discs 37, 38 and 39 has that between two each Disks, namely between the disks 37 and 38 and the Disks 38 and 39 the blades 40 are arranged that the two outer disks 37 and 39 each have a central opening 37a and 39a and that the stirring member 36 by means of middle disc 38 attached to the shaft of the agitator 26 is.
- Stirring elements 43 and 44 are essentially the same designed as the stirrer shown in Figures 1 and 2 12, but differ from this in that the Disks 43b arranged on both sides of the blades 43a and 44a and 43c or 44b and 44c each have at least one hole, so that during the grinding and / or dispersing process, that is in the interior existing mixture sucked in on both sides of the grinding chamber the blades 43a and 44a radially outwards, over the edges of the two discs radially inwards and then again into the space between the two disks 43b and 43c or 44b and 44c is conveyed.
- the agitator ball mill according to the invention now faces the known agitator ball mills have the advantage that during the entire grinding and / or dispersing process even distribution, not compressed towards the exit the grinding media remains in the grinding chamber and that means that a disadvantageous pressure for the manufacture of the product - and temperature increase in the area of the good outlet as well an increased wear of the equipment largely avoided can be.
- the longitudinal wall of the grinding chamber can still be closed additionally be encased by a cylindrical jacket that with together a space with a circular cross-section limited to cool or warm the interior a good cooling or heating fluid is introduced can be.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
Description
Claims (11)
- Zum Fein- und Feinstmahlen eines Gutes dienende, kontinuierlich arbeitende Rührwerkskugelmühle mit einer zylindrischen oder konischen, zur Aufnahme von Mahlkörpern (13) dienenden Mahlkammer (1,21), einem am einen Ende (5,24) der Mahlkammer (1,21) angeordneten und in den Innenraum (7) der Mahlkammer (1,21) mündenden Gut-Einlass (8) und einem am anderen Ende (6,25) der Mahlkammer (1,21) angeordneten und aus dem Innenraum (7) herausführenden Gut-Auslass (9) sowie einem mehrere Rührorgane (12,27,30,36,43,44) aufweisenden und zur Kammerachse (3) koaxialen Rührwerk (10,26), wobei jedes Rührorgan (12,27,30,36,43,44) mindestens zwei zueinander parallele, kreisförmige Scheiben (12a,12b;27a,27b;32,33,43b,43c; 44b,44c) zum Bewegen der Mahlkörper (13) besitzt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rührorgane Schaufelrad- oder propellerartig ausgebildet sind und mehrere Förderelemente aufweisen, dass die beiden Scheiben (12a,12b;27a,27b;32,33,43b,43c;44b, 44c) beidseits der Förderelemente angeordnet sind, dass mindestens eine der beiden Scheiben (12b, 27b) eine zentrale Öffnung (12d, 27d) aufweist, durch welche das aus den Mahlkörpern (13) und dem zu mahlenden Gut gebildete Gemisch hindurchströmen kann, und dass die Rührorgane (12,27,30,36,43,44) derart ausgebildet und bemessen sind, dass beim Betrieb der Rührwerkskugelmühle fortlaufend ein Teil des Gemisches über den Rand der die zentrale Öffnung aufweisenden Scheibe (12b, 27b,33,43b,44b,44c) radial nach innen zur zentralen Öffnung (12d,27d,33a) und von dort in den Zwischenraum zwischen den Scheiben (12a,12b;27a,27b;32,33,43b,43c;44b,44c) zurückströmt und dass dadurch eine gleichmässige axiale Verteilung der Mahlkörper im Innenraum (7) der Mahlkammer (1,21) erhalten bleibt.
- Rührwerkskugelmühle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rührorgan (12,27,43,44) mehrere, im Längsschnitt bogenförmige und sich in tangentialer Richtung zu den Scheibenränder erstreckende Schaufeln (12c,27c,40,43a,44a) aufweist, die mit den beiden Scheiben (12a,12b;27a,27b;43b, 43c;44b,44c) einen einstückigen Körper bilden.
- Rührwerkskugelmühle nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden kreisförmigen Scheiben (12a,12b) senkrecht zur Kammerachse (3) angeordnet sind.
- Rührwerkskugelmühle nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dem Gut-Einlass (8) zugewandte Scheibe (12b,27b) die zentrale Öffnung (12d,27d) aufweist.
- Rührwerkskugelmühle nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beide Scheiben je eine zentrale Öffnung aufweisen.
- Rührwerkskugelmühle nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schaufeln (12c,27c) senkrecht zu den beiden Scheiben (12a,12b; 27a,27b) stehen.
- Rührwerkskugelmühle nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die der Kammerachse (3) abgewandte Aussenfläche der Schaufel mit der Innenfläche der dem Gut-Einlass zugewandten Scheibe einen spitzen Winkel bildet.
- Rührwerkskugelmühle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rührorgan (36) mindestens drei Scheiben (37,38,39) aufweist, dass zwischen jeweils zwei Scheiben (37,38,38;39), mehrere im Längsschnitt bogenförmige und sich in tangentialer Richtung zu den Scheibenränder erstreckende Schaufeln (40) angeordnet sind und dass die beiden äusseren Scheiben (37,39) je eine zentrale Öffnung (37a,39a) aufweisen.
- Rührwerkskugelmühle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beidseits der Förderelemente eines Rührorganes angeordneten Scheiben (32,33) je ein zur Kammerachse koaxiales Loch (33a) aufweisen, durch das die Welle des Rührwerkes (26) hindurchführt und dass die Scheiben (32,33) wahlweise mittels Haltearmen (34) an der Innenwand der Mahlkammer (21) oder an der genannten Welle befestigt sind.
- Verfahren zum Fein- und Feinstmahlen eines Gutes in einer Rührwerkskugelmühle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die Rührorgane (12,27,30,36,43,44) in der Richtung gedreht werden, die eine radiale Bewegung der Mahlkörper (13) nach aussen zur Folge hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Mahlkörper (13) radial bewegt werden, grösser ist als die Geschwindigkeit, mit der das zu mahlende Gut durch die Mahlkammer (1,21) hindurchgeleitet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Mahlkörper (13) radial bewegt werden, um etwa einen Faktor drei bis sieben grösser ist als die Geschwindigkeit, mit der das zu mahlende Gut durch die Mahlkammer (1,21) hindurchgeleitet wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH163293 | 1993-06-01 | ||
CH1632/93 | 1993-06-01 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0627262A1 EP0627262A1 (de) | 1994-12-07 |
EP0627262B1 true EP0627262B1 (de) | 1999-03-24 |
Family
ID=4214988
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94810295A Expired - Lifetime EP0627262B1 (de) | 1993-06-01 | 1994-05-24 | Zum Fein- und Feinstmahlen eines Gutes dienende, kontinuierlich arbeitende Rührwerkskugelmühle |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5597126A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0627262B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3159870B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59407985D1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
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DE102010053484A1 (de) | 2010-12-04 | 2012-06-06 | Netzsch-Feinmahltechnik Gmbh | Dynamisches Element für die Trenneinrichtung einer Rührwerkskugelmühle |
EP2905080A1 (de) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-12 | Willy A. Bachofen AG | Rührwerkskugelmühle |
CN105682805A (zh) * | 2013-10-14 | 2016-06-15 | 耐驰精细研磨技术有限公司 | 适于球磨机或搅拌球磨机的预磨碎装置及具有预磨碎装置的球磨机 |
CZ307423B6 (cs) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-08 | Vysoká Škola Báňská -Technická Univerzita Ostrava | Kulový mlýn s fluidizačním zařízením |
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WO1995027563A1 (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1995-10-19 | Mount Isa Mines Limited | Attrition mill |
US5984213A (en) * | 1994-04-11 | 1999-11-16 | Mount Isa Mines Limited | Attrition mill |
US5882246A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1999-03-16 | Kotobuki Eng. & Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Wet agitating ball mill and method |
US20040253175A1 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-12-16 | Stiffler Donald R. | Electrostatically enhanced tribochemical methods and apparatus |
TW531450B (en) * | 2002-08-26 | 2003-05-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Method and device for grinding fine particles |
WO2006131698A2 (en) | 2005-06-08 | 2006-12-14 | Cheshire Dispersion Company Limited | Milling apparatus |
JP4918272B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-11 | 2012-04-18 | アシザワ・ファインテック株式会社 | 循環型メディア撹拌ミル |
CA2747175C (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2017-10-10 | Xstrata Technology Pty Ltd | Attrition mill |
CH700446A1 (de) * | 2009-02-24 | 2010-08-31 | Bachofen Willy A Ag | Rührwerkskugelmühle. |
JP5463065B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-22 | 2014-04-09 | アシザワ・ファインテック株式会社 | メディア攪拌式粉砕機 |
ES2432617T3 (es) | 2009-07-06 | 2013-12-04 | Willy A. Bachofen Ag | Molino de bolas con agitador |
KR101442069B1 (ko) | 2009-09-30 | 2014-09-18 | 가부시키가이샤 상기 | 난용성 물질의 수용해성 개선방법 |
EP2327480A1 (de) | 2009-11-25 | 2011-06-01 | Willy A. Bachofen AG | Rührwerkskugelmühle |
DE102010049827A1 (de) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-03 | Netzsch-Feinmahltechnik Gmbh | Rührwerkskugelmühle |
CN103170395B (zh) * | 2011-12-24 | 2015-01-07 | 谢小飞 | 一种凸销涡轮介质搅拌磨 |
CN102553684A (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-07-11 | 西安交通大学 | 一种刮铲搅拌卧式高能球磨机 |
CN103418460B (zh) * | 2013-04-27 | 2016-01-13 | 占天义 | 一种研磨装置 |
CN103433100B (zh) * | 2013-04-27 | 2016-11-09 | 占天义 | 一种研磨分散轮 |
CN103657799B (zh) * | 2013-12-19 | 2016-06-15 | 深圳市博亿化工机械有限公司 | 搅拌式研磨分散器及研磨装置 |
CN104028343B (zh) * | 2014-06-11 | 2020-11-17 | 博亿(深圳)工业科技有限公司 | 湿法微细粉碎与分级装置 |
CN106513115B (zh) * | 2015-09-14 | 2018-10-19 | 广东科达洁能股份有限公司 | 一种湿法立式连续研磨球磨机 |
FR3081732B1 (fr) | 2018-05-29 | 2020-09-11 | Deasyl Sa | Broyeur tridimensionnel, son procede de mise en œuvre et ses utilisations |
FR3103813B1 (fr) | 2019-12-03 | 2022-05-13 | Deasyl Sa | Procédé de fabrication du (2,2-Diméthyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)méthanol |
AU2021262226A1 (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-11-10 | Vectis Pty Ltd | A grinding mill rotor |
EP4088816A1 (de) | 2021-05-11 | 2022-11-16 | Omya International AG | Verschleissplatten für rührwerksmühlen |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1241238B (de) * | 1963-11-14 | 1967-05-24 | Draiswerke Ges Mit Beschraenkt | Ruehrwerksmuehle fuer die Herstellung von Feststoffdispersionen in Fluessigkeiten |
GB1340385A (en) * | 1971-05-13 | 1973-12-12 | Soloviev V P | Wet grinder |
SU737004A2 (ru) * | 1978-03-01 | 1980-05-30 | Среднеазиатский Филиал Специального Конструкторского Бюро Внпо "Союзгазавтоматика" | Бисерна мельница |
ES243038Y (es) * | 1979-05-03 | 1980-01-01 | Arbol de agitacion para molinos. | |
US4513917A (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1985-04-30 | Morehouse Industries, Inc. | Sand mill rotor discs |
SU1711970A1 (ru) * | 1990-01-08 | 1992-02-15 | Коммунарский горно-металлургический институт | Бисерна мельница |
-
1994
- 1994-05-24 EP EP94810295A patent/EP0627262B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-24 DE DE59407985T patent/DE59407985D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-27 JP JP13795894A patent/JP3159870B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-01 US US08/251,901 patent/US5597126A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010053484A1 (de) | 2010-12-04 | 2012-06-06 | Netzsch-Feinmahltechnik Gmbh | Dynamisches Element für die Trenneinrichtung einer Rührwerkskugelmühle |
WO2012083915A2 (de) | 2010-12-04 | 2012-06-28 | Netzsch-Feinmahltechnik Gmbh | Dynamisches element für die trenneinrichtung einer rührwerkskugelmühle |
CN105682805A (zh) * | 2013-10-14 | 2016-06-15 | 耐驰精细研磨技术有限公司 | 适于球磨机或搅拌球磨机的预磨碎装置及具有预磨碎装置的球磨机 |
CN105682805B (zh) * | 2013-10-14 | 2018-11-23 | 耐驰精细研磨技术有限公司 | 适于球磨机或搅拌球磨机的预磨碎装置及具有预磨碎装置的球磨机 |
EP2905080A1 (de) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-12 | Willy A. Bachofen AG | Rührwerkskugelmühle |
CZ307423B6 (cs) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-08 | Vysoká Škola Báňská -Technická Univerzita Ostrava | Kulový mlýn s fluidizačním zařízením |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59407985D1 (de) | 1999-04-29 |
EP0627262A1 (de) | 1994-12-07 |
JPH078823A (ja) | 1995-01-13 |
JP3159870B2 (ja) | 2001-04-23 |
US5597126A (en) | 1997-01-28 |
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