EP0626493A2 - Gâche avec une clenche verrouillable et pivotante - Google Patents

Gâche avec une clenche verrouillable et pivotante Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0626493A2
EP0626493A2 EP94107237A EP94107237A EP0626493A2 EP 0626493 A2 EP0626493 A2 EP 0626493A2 EP 94107237 A EP94107237 A EP 94107237A EP 94107237 A EP94107237 A EP 94107237A EP 0626493 A2 EP0626493 A2 EP 0626493A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
door
door opener
latch
adapter element
base body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94107237A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0626493A3 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Fuss (Fh)
John S. Rutherford
Gerhard Gonser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fritz Fuss GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Fritz Fuss GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fritz Fuss GmbH and Co filed Critical Fritz Fuss GmbH and Co
Publication of EP0626493A2 publication Critical patent/EP0626493A2/fr
Publication of EP0626493A3 publication Critical patent/EP0626493A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/0046—Electric or magnetic means in the striker or on the frame; Operating or controlling the striker plate
    • E05B47/0047—Striker rotating about an axis parallel to the wing edge
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B17/00—Accessories in connection with locks
    • E05B17/0045—Silencing devices; Noise reduction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B63/00—Locks or fastenings with special structural characteristics
    • E05B63/0056—Locks with adjustable or exchangeable lock parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S292/00—Closure fasteners
    • Y10S292/56—Silencers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S292/00—Closure fasteners
    • Y10S292/60—Adjustment provisions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
    • Y10T292/68—Keepers
    • Y10T292/688—With silencing or anti-rattle means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
    • Y10T292/68—Keepers
    • Y10T292/705—Adjustable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a door opener with a lockable, pivotable latch for installation in a door frame, in which a door is in its closed position with at least one locking bolt on a locking surface of the latch for determining the position of the door in the door frame, the door by a pivoting movement of the unlocked case is open.
  • Door openers of this type have long been used in door systems in which a locked door can be unlocked from a location remote from the door. For example, an electrical signal unlocks the latch in the door frame, which enables the door to be opened. When the door is swung open, the unlocked latch is at least temporarily pivoted out of its locked position. To unlock and pivot the latch, such a door opener has various mechanical and electrical components which are pre-assembled with the latch before the door opener is installed in the door frame.
  • the position of the door in its closed position is determined on the one hand by the door frame and on the other hand by the latch, the position of the blocking surface of the latch must be precisely coordinated with the contact surface of the door on the door frame.
  • the position of the trap's restricted area is determined by measuring and calculating. There is a risk that the Location of the trap is not determined precisely enough or incorrectly.
  • the play of the closed door in the door frame is consequently too large or too small. It is therefore necessary to remove the door opener and readjust it.
  • spacer plates parallel to the contact surface are used, for example, which are inserted or removed between a striking plate and a door opener unit with the latch. If there is a new incorrect position in the door frame after the door opener has been installed, this readjustment process must be repeated until the desired play of the door in its closed position is set with sufficient accuracy.
  • the installation of the door opener can therefore be very time-consuming and therefore cost-intensive. With repeated installation and removal, the striking plate and the screw heads for fastening the striking plate can also be scratched or otherwise damaged. Furthermore, there is a risk that the connecting cables for electrical actuation of the door opener will come loose or break off.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a door opener with a lockable, pivotable latch for a door frame, in which the play of a closed door in the door frame can be adjusted or adjusted particularly easily.
  • the latch has a latch base and at least one adapter, that the locking surface is formed on the adapter, that the adapter can be connected to the latch base and that the adapter for adjusting the door in the closed position has a predeterminable thickness .
  • the adapter can be attached to the latch body after the door opener has been installed.
  • a readjustment of the locking surface can be carried out in accordance with the invention in a time-saving and cost-saving manner with the door opener installed in the door frame. Scratching or damage to the striking plate, the fastening screws as well as the electrical lines and connections through repeated installation and removal of the door opener is avoided.
  • Different shapes of the blocking surface can also be formed on the latch base body with the adapter element. This allows the door opener to be adapted to different types of locking bolts. It is thus possible to manufacture the door opener in large quantities in a basic variant, which is only adapted to the respective locking bolt type of the door lock by means of adaptation elements with different locking surface configurations.
  • the latch base body with the adapter is housed in a door opener insert, that the door opener insert is releasably connected to a striking plate for fastening the door opener in the door frame, and that at least one spacer plate with a predetermined thickness between the blocking surface and the lock surface Door opener insert and the striking plate for presetting the position of the locking surface in the door frame is provided.
  • This pre-adjustment ensures that no excessive play width has to be compensated for by a correspondingly thick adapter element.
  • the door opener according to the invention provides that the connection between the latch base body and the adaptation element can be released.
  • a detachable connection between the adapter element and the latch base body makes it possible to replace an adapter element once it has been fitted with another one with a different thickness or shaped as a blocking surface.
  • an adapter element that is too thick can also be replaced by a thinner adapter element to increase the door play.
  • Subsequent maintenance work for regulating the door play is significantly simplified.
  • the door play can increase due to the wear of the door seals along the door frame.
  • the door seal and / or the installation position of the door opener must be changed in the event of such wear.
  • the increased door play can be compensated for by simply exchanging the adaptation element on the door latch.
  • a detachable connection can in particular be understood to be a screw connection, but also a clamping, plug-in, adhesive or other suitable detachable connection.
  • the detachable connection is selected so that the latch body is not damaged when the adapter element is loosened.
  • the adhesive is selected so that its adhesive effect can be eliminated by a solvent and / or by the action of temperature.
  • a non-positive and positive connection between the latch base body and the adapter element.
  • a connection which can consist, for example, of a screw connection and a dovetail fit, is particularly reliable. This is especially for a lockable and swivel Door latch necessary, which is usually exposed to strong mechanical and thermal stresses over a long period of time.
  • a plurality of matching elements are provided as layer elements. These layer elements are essentially of the same design and have a small thickness. An adjustment or readjustment of the thickness of the adapter element can thus be carried out in the simplest manner by adding a corresponding number of layer elements with a known thickness to the latch body. The thickness of the matching element is thus a summation of the individual thicknesses of the layer elements used.
  • Suitable non-positive and / or positive connections can be used to connect the layer elements to the latch body.
  • the uppermost layer element which forms the barrier surface of the trap, can differ from the other layer elements in the shape and the material. In the case of a screw connection, this uppermost layer element can have a thickness which makes it possible to introduce a counterbore for countersinking the screw head.
  • the other intermediate layer elements are clamped in this embodiment by means of the screw connection between the uppermost layer element and the latch base body. The adjustment of the thickness of the adaptation element is possible by regulating the number of essentially identical intermediate layer elements.
  • a surface of the latch base body, which serves to receive the adapter element is parallel to the surface of the barrier.
  • the Adapting element can be formed in a constant layer thickness. A constant layer thickness of the adaptation element facilitates the adaptation work and brings cost advantages in the production of the adaptation element. With an optimal pre-adjustment of the door opener in the door frame, the latch base body can form the locking surface even without the adaptation element.
  • the arrangement is advantageously such that the adapter element has essentially the shape of a plate.
  • the adaptation element can consequently be worked out in a cost-effective manner from a plate material of the same thickness, for example cut out from a sheet metal plate.
  • the adapter element consists of a particularly wear-resistant material.
  • This material could be a hardened metal, a high-strength plastic, ceramic or another suitable material.
  • Wear-resistant materials can now also be used to form the blocking surface, which materials have not been used for a pivotable door latch because of their poor processing properties and their high costs.
  • the latch base body can also be made from a material that is easy to machine and mold, for example a cast metal. As a result, high wear resistance, which leads to low maintenance, is achieved at low production costs.
  • an advantageous development of the invention also consists in that the adapter element has a noise-damping material.
  • the adaptation element can consist entirely of the noise-damping material, have a damping layer element or can be provided with a noise-damping coating. With such a mate material, which can be a plastic or a rubber, dampens the noise that arises when the locking bolt strikes the locking surface of the trap. Such noise reduction is particularly desirable in larger residential complexes with a central door entrance.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a door opener unit 24 according to the invention.
  • the striking plate 10 is designed as a U-shaped sheet metal faceplate, on which all other components of the door opener unit 24 are arranged.
  • a universal face plate 11 is inserted on a free leg of the sheet metal face plate.
  • a door opener insert 13 is fastened by means of a screw 14 between the two free legs of the sheet metal face plate and the universal face plate 11. All the essential functional components of the door opener unit 24 are located in the door opener insert 13.
  • two spacer plates 12 are inserted between the door opener insert 13 and a free leg of the cuff 10.
  • this embodiment with two spacer plates 12 there are a total of 3 pre-adjustment positions of the door opener insert 13 in the sheet metal face plate 10.
  • a middle and an advanced pre-adjustment position can also be set. In the middle position there is a spacer plate 12 on the left and the right side of the door opener insert 13. Accordingly, in the advanced position, the two spacer plates 12 are inserted on the right side of the door opener insert 13 between the latter and the universal faceplate 11.
  • the latch is pivotally mounted on a pivot axis 21.
  • a pivot axis 21 On the pivot axis 21, one leg of a latch body 16 which is essentially L-shaped in cross section is rotatably arranged.
  • the receiving surface 23 of the latch body 16 is designed as a flat surface and parallel to the blocking surface 17.
  • the adapter element 15 has a substantially plate-like shape in this embodiment.
  • the adapter 15 is releasable with a Phillips screw 20 with countersunk head connected to the latch body 16.
  • the latch base body 16 accordingly has a threaded bore 19 for the screw connection.
  • a through hole 18 in the adapter 15 is countersunk according to the shape of the head of the screw 20. The countersink is introduced so that the screw head does not protrude beyond the locking surface 17 of the adapter element 15.
  • the door opener unit 24 is fastened to the door frame via holes 22 in the striking plate 10. Before the door opener unit 24 is installed, the position of the contact surface of a locking bolt of the door in the closed position is determined by measuring and calculating. The desired position of the blocking surface 17 in the door opener unit 24 to be installed is determined from these values. This results in the pre-adjustment position of the door opener insert 13 in the door opener unit 24. Before the door opener unit 24 is installed, a matching element with the calculated necessary thickness can be attached to the receiving surface 23 of the latch base body 16. After the door opener unit 24 has been installed in the door frame, it can be determined with the door closed whether the door play deviates from a desired value. If this is the case, the correct door play can be set by simply replacing the adapter element 15 with the door opener unit 24 still installed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a part of the door opener unit 24 in a front view corresponding to the viewing direction indicated in FIG. 1.
  • 2 essentially shows the door opener insert 13 and the adapter element 15 fastened to the latch.
  • the chain line 25 indicates the position of the pivot axis 21.
  • the adapter 15 is releasably attached to the latch body 16 with two Phillips screws.
  • connection in Fig. 3, several schematic embodiments of the connection between the adapter 15 and the latch body 16 are shown.
  • the connection design shown in each case can be used either alone or in combination with one or more of the other connection variants shown for fastening the adaptation element 15 to the latch base body 16.
  • the connection forms shown in FIG. 3 can also be used in combination with a screw connection.
  • the screws used have different configurations, for example countersunk, cylindrical, lens, or other suitable head shapes.
  • FIG. 3a A clip-on connection is shown in FIG. 3a.
  • a projection 30 On one side of the adapter element 15, which is in contact with the receiving surface 24 of the base body 16, a projection 30 is formed with a sawtooth-shaped tip. The projection 30 engages in a keyway 31 formed in the receiving surface 23 of the latch base body 16. In its end position, the sawtooth-shaped wedge tip of the projection 30 engages in a recess in the keyway 31 according to the principle of a barb, as a result of which the adapter element 15 is firmly connected to the base body 16 of the latch.
  • a cross-sectionally semicircular extension 32 on the adapter element 15, which engages in a correspondingly shaped groove on the latch base body 16, serves to facilitate the clip-on process and to fix the position of the adapter element 15 to the latch base body 16.
  • connection form that is similarly easy to produce is shown in FIG. 3b.
  • This connection variant is a positive snap-on connection.
  • a fitting bore with a radial annular groove 35 is made in the receiving surface 23.
  • a bolt-shaped projection 33 with a positively attached open wire ring 34 is formed on the counter surface of the adapter element 15.
  • the wire ring 34 deforms elastically.
  • the wire ring 34 widens into the annular groove 35 and thus connects the adapter element 15 and the latch base body 16 in a form-fitting manner.
  • the two aforementioned connection variants are conditionally detachable connections. This means that it is possible to loosen the adapter element 15, but that the connecting device on the adapter element is destroyed in the process.
  • the material of the adapter element 15 is selected so that damage to the base body 16 of the case is substantially excluded. Thus, if the adapter element 15 wears, it can be replaced.
  • a clamping sleeve or a notch pin is used as the connecting element.
  • 3e to 3h different groove fit shapes are shown.
  • the fits can each be designed as a press fit or as a sliding fit. In the case of a sliding fit, an additional fixation variant is mandatory.
  • the dovetail, T-groove, L-groove and round groove fits shown can be designed multiple or in combination on the adapter element.
  • the longitudinal axis of the grooves can also be arranged in a different orientation, for example parallel to the cutting plane.
  • Fig. 3i an embodiment is shown in which the adapter element is glued to the receiving surface of the latch body.
  • FIG. 3j A riveted connection between the adapter element and the latch base body is shown in FIG. 3j. Similar to the screw connection shown in Fig. 1, the head of the rivet is in a counterbore, which is made in the adapter. This prevents the rivet head from protruding beyond the locking surface.
  • door opener units in large numbers in a few basic versions and to adapt them optimally to the respective locking bolt shape by means of the adaptation element. Furthermore, the installation of the door opener unit in a door frame is significantly simplified and accelerated by the possibility of subsequent adjustment of the locking surface. Through the use of wear-resistant materials and the simple interchangeability of the adapter element, the door openers according to the invention are particularly easy to maintain.

Landscapes

  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Hinges (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)
EP94107237A 1993-05-26 1994-05-09 Gâche avec une clenche verrouillable et pivotante. Withdrawn EP0626493A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4317564A DE4317564C2 (de) 1993-05-26 1993-05-26 Türöffner mit einer verriegelbaren, schwenkbaren Falle
DE4317564 1993-05-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0626493A2 true EP0626493A2 (fr) 1994-11-30
EP0626493A3 EP0626493A3 (fr) 1995-07-19

Family

ID=6488988

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94107237A Withdrawn EP0626493A3 (fr) 1993-05-26 1994-05-09 Gâche avec une clenche verrouillable et pivotante.

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5511839A (fr)
EP (1) EP0626493A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07102832A (fr)
CN (1) CN1082126C (fr)
CA (1) CA2124125C (fr)
DE (1) DE4317564C2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017128492B3 (de) 2017-11-30 2019-02-07 Assa Abloy Sicherheitstechnik Gmbh Türöffner mit Selbsthemmung des Aufschraubstücks

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19712369A1 (de) 1997-03-25 1998-10-01 Geze Gmbh & Co Türantrieb mit Schaltvorrichtung
US6007115A (en) * 1998-11-19 1999-12-28 Roth; Francis A. Door lock assembly
US6595563B2 (en) 2000-09-13 2003-07-22 Von Duprin, Inc. Electric strike field-selectable fail-safe/fail-secure mechanism
JP2003106027A (ja) * 2001-10-02 2003-04-09 Nifco Inc ラッチおよびラッチを用いた引き出し装置
US6886305B2 (en) * 2002-01-03 2005-05-03 Jeffrey H. Ward Residential electric door strike and installation method
US6926318B2 (en) * 2002-08-12 2005-08-09 Rutherford Controls Int'l. Corp. Field configurable electric strike for exit devices
US6874830B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2005-04-05 Rutherford Controlls Int'l Corp. Electric strike assembly
DE102006013208B4 (de) * 2006-03-22 2009-06-10 Assa Abloy Sicherheitstechnik Gmbh Schwenkfalle mit Mehrfachanschlag
DE102006023486A1 (de) * 2006-05-18 2007-11-22 Assa Abloy Sicherheitstechnik Gmbh Geräuscharmer Türöffner
DE102008063489A1 (de) * 2008-12-17 2010-06-24 Kiekert Ag Vorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeugschloss
US8851532B2 (en) * 2009-07-27 2014-10-07 1 Adolfo, Llc Electric strike
US9580935B2 (en) * 2011-10-10 2017-02-28 Rutherford Controls Int'l Inc. Electric strike assembly
US10934744B2 (en) * 2015-04-14 2021-03-02 Hanchett Entry Systems, Inc. Electric strike having an interchangeable actuator module
US11761242B2 (en) 2015-04-14 2023-09-19 Hanchett Entry Systems, Inc. Electric strike including a biasing mechanism for a keeper support bracket

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE158646C (fr) *
DE7042357U (de) * 1970-11-17 1972-04-20 F Fusz Kg Elektrischer tueroeffner

Family Cites Families (17)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1194636A (en) * 1916-08-15 Silent door latch
US417845A (en) * 1889-12-24 Lock-strike
US2153110A (en) * 1939-04-04 Door bumper and lock striker
US831016A (en) * 1904-07-09 1906-09-11 George N Parker Electric door-strike.
US1595046A (en) * 1924-01-18 1926-08-03 Charlotte R Martin Striker plate
US1900077A (en) * 1932-01-22 1933-03-07 Raymond F Riffle Adjustable door catch
US2187530A (en) * 1935-07-05 1940-01-16 United Specialties Co Combined latch and dovetail structure
GB469643A (en) * 1936-12-23 1937-07-29 Carlos James Mckinney Improvements in striker plate for door latch bolts
DE2056351C3 (de) * 1970-11-17 1975-04-17 Fritz Fuss Kg, 7470 Ebingen Verstellvorrichtung für die Schwenkfalle eines elektrischen Türöffners
DE3405441C2 (de) * 1984-02-15 1986-09-18 Fritz Fuss Kg, 7470 Albstadt Elektrischer Türöffner
DE3605601C1 (de) * 1986-02-21 1987-02-19 Audi Ag Kraftfahrzeugtuerverschluss
EP0252781A3 (fr) * 1986-06-06 1988-05-04 Roger Courtois Gâche de serrure, réglable, et procédé de fixation, la rendant ainsi fixée, particulièrement résistante aux effractions
US4756564A (en) * 1986-12-19 1988-07-12 Kabushikikaisha Anseikogyo Vehicle door latch
JPH061022B2 (ja) * 1987-05-20 1994-01-05 株式会社大井製作所 自動車用ドアロック装置におけるポ−ル
US4867496A (en) * 1988-03-14 1989-09-19 Trine Products Corporation Electrically operable strike
JP2707637B2 (ja) * 1988-09-30 1998-02-04 アイシン精機株式会社 ラゲージドアロック装置
JPH04194182A (ja) * 1990-11-27 1992-07-14 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd 車両ドアロック装置におけるゴムストツパー

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE158646C (fr) *
DE7042357U (de) * 1970-11-17 1972-04-20 F Fusz Kg Elektrischer tueroeffner

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017128492B3 (de) 2017-11-30 2019-02-07 Assa Abloy Sicherheitstechnik Gmbh Türöffner mit Selbsthemmung des Aufschraubstücks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2124125A1 (fr) 1994-11-27
EP0626493A3 (fr) 1995-07-19
CN1082126C (zh) 2002-04-03
CA2124125C (fr) 1997-12-23
JPH07102832A (ja) 1995-04-18
CN1099838A (zh) 1995-03-08
DE4317564A1 (de) 1994-12-01
DE4317564C2 (de) 1995-05-11
US5511839A (en) 1996-04-30

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