EP0603503A1 - Procédé pour commuter d'un sectionneur à coupure en charge et à fusible et sectionneur - Google Patents

Procédé pour commuter d'un sectionneur à coupure en charge et à fusible et sectionneur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0603503A1
EP0603503A1 EP93117533A EP93117533A EP0603503A1 EP 0603503 A1 EP0603503 A1 EP 0603503A1 EP 93117533 A EP93117533 A EP 93117533A EP 93117533 A EP93117533 A EP 93117533A EP 0603503 A1 EP0603503 A1 EP 0603503A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
fuse
contacts
links
contacting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93117533A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0603503B1 (fr
Inventor
Herbert Dr.-Ing. Bessei
Francis Kilian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EFEN GmbH
Original Assignee
EFEN Elektrotechnische Fabrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EFEN Elektrotechnische Fabrik GmbH filed Critical EFEN Elektrotechnische Fabrik GmbH
Publication of EP0603503A1 publication Critical patent/EP0603503A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0603503B1 publication Critical patent/EP0603503B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/02—Details
    • H01H31/12—Adaptation for built-in fuse
    • H01H31/122—Fuses mounted on, or constituting the movable contact parts of, the switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/045—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts for arcs formed during closing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H9/563—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for multipolar switches, e.g. different timing for different phases, selecting phase with first zero-crossing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for switching, in particular for switching on a fuse switch disconnector, in which three fuse inserts attached to an upper part of the fuse switch disconnector are moved simultaneously and essentially in parallel by the same distance and with mating contacts (access / outlet contacts) arranged on a lower part of the fuse switch disconnector. be brought into or out of engagement.
  • the present invention also relates to a fuse switch disconnector with inlet / outlet contacts arranged on a lower part, which can be connected to the three phases of an AC network, and with an upper part which has a holder for fuse links, the lower part and upper part being movable relative to one another such that the contact blades of the fuse links with the counter contacts, ie engage or disengage the lower part inlet / outlet contacts.
  • fuse switch disconnectors have been known for a long time. There are essentially two different types. In a first type, the upper part is displaced linearly relative to the lower part, so it maintains its relative position in space, with only the distance between the lower part and the upper part changing and the upper part taking the fuse links with them, so that the contact blades of the fuse links move in and out Intervention.
  • the upper part can be pivoted about an axis relative to the lower part, and the present invention can only be applied to those fuse switch disconnectors of the second type in which the fuse links are at substantially the same distance from the pivot axis of the upper part, since only with this Type the fuse links are moved simultaneously by the same distance in parallel.
  • NH fuse switch disconnectors are switching devices in which the NH fuse link serves as a movable contact.
  • the NH fuse link When switched on, the NH fuse link forms the overcurrent and / or short-circuit protection device for the connected circuit.
  • the NH fuse switch disconnector When switched off, the NH fuse switch disconnector creates a safe, visible isolating gap between the connections, which also enables work on the switched-off circuit parts.
  • the switching process itself takes place at a speed dependent on the movement of the operator. This speed is sufficient to be able to interrupt a circuit under load with such a device.
  • the devices can be provided in a known manner with extinguishing plates (so-called deion chambers) or hard gas quenching chambers.
  • deion chambers extinguishing plates
  • hard gas quenching chambers hard gas quenching chambers.
  • the previously mentioned versions of NH fuse-switch disconnectors have proven to be particularly advantageous, in which the contact piece (NH fuse link) is moved in such a way that its longitudinal axis moves parallel and both contact sides are opened or closed at the same time. This results in two partial arcs when switching off, which, if necessary by supporting two quenching chambers, doubles the arc length and thus also the effective switching speed.
  • This version also has the advantage that after interrupting the circuit, the moving contact itself is no longer connected to the circuit voltage and accidental contact with live parts is avoided.
  • the very high breaking capacity of the NH fuse links (100 kA) means that the switching devices described are used in circuits with ever increasing short-circuit power.
  • the upper limit of 0.5 m / s specified on the handle for attempts to switch on such devices in the European standard (EN 60947-3) can be assumed.
  • the contact speed at the time of the first contact is about half the actuation speed.
  • the knife contact (e.g. 3a, b) of the NH fuse link (3) therefore moves at a speed of approximately 0.25 m / s into the V-shaped inlet area of the receiving contact (e.g. 7a, b).
  • the short-circuit current in the connected circuit develops regardless of the level of the contact pressure. Because of the lack of contact pressure, the current heats the touching metal surfaces so strongly that they first melt and then even evaporate.
  • the short-circuit current can ultimately only flow in the form of an arc between the knife contact (3a, b) and the receiving contact (7a, b). This process is comparable to the process of arc welding.
  • the extremely steep rise in the short-circuit current leads to an explosive emission of metal vapor, which can electrically close adjacent live parts, generate an arcing fault and destroy an entire switchgear.
  • the short-circuit current remains limited to the connected circuit, it is switched off by the fuse links within a few milliseconds.
  • the knife contact (e.g. 3a, b) of the NH fuse link (3) generally does not reach the contact surfaces under spring pressure during this time the contact (7a, b). The possibility of a defined contact and thus the suppression of a switch-on arc is practically excluded for the type of device described.
  • the receptacle contacts are provided with insulating material attachments, which spread the contact surfaces when the knife contact is inserted, contact being made only after the knife contact has been completely immersed between the receptacle contact halves.
  • the contact knife can be guided so precisely during the switching process when using commercially available NH fuse links that premature contact and thus premature triggering of the short-circuit current can be excluded.
  • the contact arrangement described has the serious disadvantage that the opening contact is opened during switch-off operations under load while the contact knife has not yet moved out of the contact area.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method for switching circuits by means of fuse switch disconnectors and a corresponding fuse switch disconnector with the features mentioned in the introduction, in which the dangers for the switchgear and for operators when switched on to a short-circuited Circuit are significantly reduced.
  • the object on which the invention is based is achieved in that the power supply via the three fuse links occurs at different times, in that the contacting of the first contact blades of each of the fuse links takes place simultaneously or in any predetermined time sequence, while at least for a first fuse link the contacting of his second contact blade with the associated counter contact takes place before the contacting of the second contact blade of the other two fuse links.
  • the switch-off process is preferably carried out in the reverse order.
  • a method or a procedure is preferred in which the second contact blades mentioned come into contact with their corresponding counter-contacts in succession at a time interval of approximately one to five milliseconds.
  • the number of switch-on arcs can be limited to a single contact in the best case, while in the otherwise preferred embodiment according to the technology with parallel shiftable fuse links when switched on to a short circuit 6 arcs could occur simultaneously. If, in unfavorable cases and in the case of a non-symmetrical circuit, two or three arcs occur in the method according to the invention, the risk of secondary short-circuits due to corresponding metal vapor emissions is nevertheless reduced because these arcs do not occur at the same time but with a time delay and therefore the metal vapor concentration does not occur at any time becomes so large that a secondary short circuit can occur.
  • the second contact blade of the first fuse link is contacted after the first contact blade of the first fuse link has been contacted.
  • This embodiment is particularly preferable when the circuit of the consumer supplied via the fuse switch disconnector is not symmetrical.
  • first fuse contact can (can) be inserted into their corresponding counter-contacts at the same time, while at least the second contact blade of the second fuse link timed after the contacts of the first fuse link were closed and also timed the first contact of the second fuse link is closed.
  • first, second and “third” fuse link and “first”, “second” contact or “first” and “second” contact blade refer to the chronological order of contacting, i.e.
  • the first fuse link is the one in which both contacts are closed before both contacts are closed on any of the other fuse links and the second contact blade is never brought into contact with the corresponding counter contact in front of the first contact blade, although the above terms in principle also include one Do not rule out simultaneous contact as long as this is not expressly requested by specifying the chronological order.
  • both contacts of the first fuse link and also the first contact of the second fuse link can be switched simultaneously. Only the switching of the second contact of the second fuse link then takes place at different times and finally the switching of the second contact of the third fuse link takes place again at a different time after the switching of the second contact of the second fuse link.
  • current only flows when at least two fuse links or their contact blades are engaged with their respective counter contacts. This means that the contacting of both contact blades of the first fuse link takes place without current, as does the contacting of the first contact blades of the second and third fuse links.
  • the time sequence of contacting the first contact blades of the fuse links is largely arbitrary.
  • the first contact blades can optionally be switched simultaneously, while the second contact blades of the fuse links have the order of contacting described above, however, the first contact blades can also be brought into engagement with their corresponding counter-contacts at different times.
  • Both the counter contacts on the lower part can have different heights, while the fuse links are also inclined relative to one another and, at least partially, also with respect to the plane perpendicular to the direction of movement. It goes without saying that the inclination of the fuse links and the different height of the contacts must not be chosen so that the effect of the inclination and the different contact height cancels out. In principle, the condition applies to each arrangement that it must be carried out in such a way that the two-sided contact closure on the first fuse link is earlier than the two-sided contact closure of the other two fuse links, and their complete contact closure is also staggered in time.
  • a fuse switch disconnector is particularly preferred, in which the upper part is displaced parallel and essentially linearly with respect to the lower part, so that all the fuse inserts execute the same linear movement and the contacting sequence is effected only by the height of the contacts and / or the relative inclination of the fuse inserts to one another a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement is determined.
  • the contact knives closest to the axis are first brought into engagement with their mating contacts.
  • the amount of the second Counter contacts can then be staggered in a suitable manner, an embodiment of the invention being preferred for symmetrical circuits in which the middle counter contact is highest.
  • the contact heights of the mating contacts and / or the inclinations of the fuse links are preferably selected so that the moment the first contact of the second contact knife comes into contact, the distance of the second contact knife coming into engagement with its counter contact is still approximately two to five millimeters. while the distance between the last contact knife that comes into engagement is a further two to five millimeters larger.
  • the height difference between the two first-mentioned mating contacts or the inclination between the first and second fuse link is expediently chosen to be sufficiently large so that the second mating knife, which comes into engagement first, already bears against the corresponding mating contact surfaces with essentially the full contact pressure when the contact of the next comes into engagement second contact knife with its counter contact, an arc being generated in the event of a short circuit.
  • the difference in height to the last counter contact or the different height between the penultimate and last contact blades, which engage with their counter contacts, need only be so large in the case of a symmetrical circuit that the typical time that passes before the last Contact knife comes into contact with its mating contact during a normal switch-on operation, is longer than the switching time of the fuse links, so that the first and second fuse links have already interrupted the circuit and thus the contacts of the third fuse link remain de-energized.
  • a fuse switch disconnector can be seen in a side view, lateral housing parts are omitted.
  • the fuse switch disconnector consists of a lower part 2 and an upper part 1, which is only indicated by dashed lines.
  • the lower part 2 is mounted on three busbars S1, S2 and S3, access lines 10, 11, 12 each having one of the busbars S1, S2, S3 with access contacts 7a, 8a and 9a connect.
  • Outgoing contacts 7b, 8b and 9b are assigned to the access contacts 7a, 8a and 9a, which are spaced apart from the access contacts.
  • the inlet / outlet contacts generally have the lyre shape shown in FIG. 1 c and known in the prior art.
  • Extinguishing chambers 16 can also be seen above the inlet / outlet contacts, which primarily serve to avoid or extinguish arcs when the NH fuse-switch disconnector is switched off under load.
  • Three fuse links 3, 4, 5 are suspended on the upper part 1, the exact suspension or fastening of the fuse links 3, 4, 5 on the upper part 1 being reproduced only chemically.
  • the upper part can be moved towards or away from the lower part 2 in the direction of the double arrow 17, all securing inserts 3, 4, 5 executing the same movement in parallel.
  • the inlet / outlet contacts 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b have a total of three different heights, the contacts 7a, 7b and 8a being of the same height and of all contacts being the highest while the Contacts 8b and 9a end somewhat lower and finally contact 9b ends again somewhat lower than contact 9a.
  • the contacts 7a, 7b and 8a are arranged higher by an amount Ax or extend further up towards the upper part 1 than the contacts 8b, 9a, which in turn are higher by the amount Ay , as the last contact 9b, or its upper edge.
  • the contact blades 3a, 3b, 4a first engage with their respective counter-contacts 7a, 7b, 8a, while the second contact blade 4b of the second fuse link 4 only comes with a time delay his mating contact 8b engages, this time delay corresponding to the speed of movement of the upper part 1 along the double arrow 17 for the path Ax.
  • the contact between the contact knife 5b and the counter contact 9b is only established after a time has elapsed compared to the contact between the contact knife 5a and the mating contact 9a, which can be calculated from the switching speed, specifically the speed of movement along arrow 17, and the distance Ay.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic top plan view of the lower part 2 of the fuse link.
  • the busbars S1, S2 and S3 as well as the input / output contacts 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b can also be seen in this illustration.
  • an arc can at most occur between contacts 4b and 8b.
  • the contacts 7a, 7b more precisely only their height, can also be exchanged with the contacts 8a, 8b.
  • outgoing lines 13, 14 each extend from contacts 7b and 8b to connecting contacts 15 for the consumer connected via the fuse switch disconnector. It goes without saying that the single arc should be moved as far as possible where the slightest risk of arcing or secondary arcing from the contact in question to one of the other contacts, the outgoing lines 13 or 14 or even the busbars S1, S2, S3 could occur. Depending on the height of the outgoing line 13, a corresponding flashover from the contact 8b to the closely adjacent outgoing line 13 cannot be completely ruled out, an arrangement would be most sensible in which the only arc occurs at the contacts 7b or 7a when the fuse switch disconnector is underneath Short circuit conditions is switched on.
  • the heights of all access / exit contacts can also be different.
  • FIG. 1 c which only shows schematically the components of the fuse switch disconnector (without upper part 1 and without quenching chambers 16) that can be seen from the right in FIG. 1, both the V-shaped leading edge of the contact knife 3a and the V-shaped one can be seen Inlet area of the lyre contact 7a. It can be seen that with a relatively slow switch-on movement, the inclined surfaces of the leading edge of the knife and the V-shaped inlet area of the contact 7a come into contact relatively loosely, so that an arc is inevitable in the event of a short circuit as a load behind the contacts.
  • the height differences Ax and Ay shown in FIG. 1 a are of the order of 5 millimeters (mm) for Ax and of about 2-3 millimeters for ⁇ y. These differences in height are sufficient to obtain the desired time sequence of the contacts without causing multiple arcs at the same time. At the same time, this different contact height or the different contact spacing has no negative influence on the switch-off process under load. Even during a normal switch-off process under load, arcs are drawn between the contact blades 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b and the contact surfaces of the lyre contacts 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b.
  • FIGS. 2a, b again show two possible variants for achieving the desired switching sequence of the second contact blades of fuse links.
  • the side-by-side arrangement of the Lyra contacts belonging to the three phases L1, L2 and L3 can be found in practice in fuse switch disconnectors, the upper part of which can be pivoted about an axis and carries three fuse links arranged side by side at the same distance from the pivot axis.
  • the three lyre contacts arranged side by side here can also be understood as a schematic representation of the contacts 7b, 8b and 9b arranged one behind the other in FIG. 1.
  • Figure 2a shows a variant in which all three second contact blades 3b, 4b, 5b are arranged at the same height on an upper part (not shown) and can be moved up and down along the double arrow 17, e.g. by swiveling the upper part about an axis that runs horizontally at a distance behind the paper plane and parallel to the paper plane.
  • the three contacts 7b, 8b. 9b are mounted on the lower part 2 (also not shown in greater detail) at a slightly different height, so that the contact 8b is raised by an amount A x compared to the contact 7b, while the contact 9b is lowered by an amount Ay compared to the contact 7b. It is clear that when the three contact knives 3b, 4b, 5b are simultaneously lowered in parallel, the knife 4b first engages with the lyre contact 8b, and in the case of a symmetrical switching of the consumer, this switching-on operation is again without current. For the rest, it is assumed here that the respective first contact blades 3a, 4a and 5a are already in engagement with their corresponding counter contacts 7a, 8a and 9a before the second contact blades come into contact with their counter contacts.
  • the mounting of the lyre contacts 7b, 8b, 9b according to FIG. 2a of different heights, in contrast to a conceivably different length of the respective contact legs, has the advantage that identical lyra contacts can be used, which also ensure the same contact pressure and the same contact conditions . At the same time, of course, this has manufacturing advantages, since no different types of Lyra contacts have to be manufactured.
  • the second variant shown in FIG. 2b, shows lyre contacts 7b, 8b, 9b, which are all mounted at the same height.
  • the fuse links are either mounted at different heights or mounted inclined relative to each other, so that the contact blades 3b, 4b, 5b have a different distance from their corresponding counter contacts in the position shown.
  • the fuse links and thus the contact blades 3b, 4b, 5b are simultaneously lowered at the same speed in the direction of the double arrow, the contact blade 5b first comes into engagement with the counter contact 9b, then, after a further lowering by the amount Ay, the contact knife 3b and finally, after a further lowering by the amount Ax, also the contact knife 4b with the counter-contact 8b.
  • the contact blade 5b first comes into engagement with the counter contact 9b, then, after a further lowering by the amount Ay, the contact knife 3b and finally, after a further lowering by the amount Ax, also the contact knife 4b with the counter-contact 8b.
  • phases L2 and L3 have reversed their roles.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
EP93117533A 1992-12-22 1993-10-29 Procédé pour commuter d'un sectionneur à coupure en charge et à fusible et sectionneur Expired - Lifetime EP0603503B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4243537 1992-12-22
DE4243537A DE4243537B4 (de) 1992-12-22 1992-12-22 Verfahren zum Schalten eines Sicherungslasttrenners und Sicherungslasttrenner hierzu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0603503A1 true EP0603503A1 (fr) 1994-06-29
EP0603503B1 EP0603503B1 (fr) 1996-06-12

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ID=6476156

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93117533A Expired - Lifetime EP0603503B1 (fr) 1992-12-22 1993-10-29 Procédé pour commuter d'un sectionneur à coupure en charge et à fusible et sectionneur

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EP (1) EP0603503B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE139366T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4243537B4 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1251538B1 (fr) * 2001-04-20 2006-06-07 Jean Müller GmbH Elektrotechnische Fabrik Disjoncteur-sectionneur étroit, tripolaire à fusibles
ES2277729B1 (es) * 2005-04-04 2008-06-01 Pronutec, S.A. Base de seccionamiento tetrapolar vertical.
EP2506284B1 (fr) * 2011-03-30 2016-08-17 Robert Cabillic Barre de séparation de charge de sécurité

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1816938A1 (de) * 1968-12-24 1970-07-02 Mueller Jean Ohg Elektrotech NH-Sicherungsaggregat mit erhoehter Schaltsicherheit
DE1918473A1 (de) * 1969-04-11 1970-11-05 Mueller Jean Ohg Elektrotech NH-Sicherungsaggregat mit erhoehter Schaltsicherheit
DE2361322A1 (de) * 1973-12-08 1975-06-12 Efen Elektrotech Fab Niederspannungshochleistungs-sicherungslasttrenner oder -leiste
DE3019925A1 (de) * 1980-05-24 1981-12-03 Albrecht Jung Gmbh, 7965 Ostrach Nh- sicherungstrenner und -lastschalter
EP0496213A1 (fr) * 1991-01-25 1992-07-29 JEAN MÜLLER GmbH ELEKTROTECHNISCHE FABRIK Disjoncteur, notamment disjoncteur comportant un fusible

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2824208C3 (de) * 1978-06-02 1981-10-01 Dr.Ing. Hans Hitzbleck Kg (Gmbh & Co), 4005 Meerbusch Sicherungstrenner mit isolierenden Zwischenwänden am Deckel und einer Befestigung der Sicherungseinsätze über deren Kontaktmesser
DE4008869C2 (de) * 1990-03-20 2001-09-27 Efen Elektrotech Fab Kontakt für NH-Sicherungseinsätze mit Einführhilfe

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1816938A1 (de) * 1968-12-24 1970-07-02 Mueller Jean Ohg Elektrotech NH-Sicherungsaggregat mit erhoehter Schaltsicherheit
DE1918473A1 (de) * 1969-04-11 1970-11-05 Mueller Jean Ohg Elektrotech NH-Sicherungsaggregat mit erhoehter Schaltsicherheit
DE2361322A1 (de) * 1973-12-08 1975-06-12 Efen Elektrotech Fab Niederspannungshochleistungs-sicherungslasttrenner oder -leiste
DE3019925A1 (de) * 1980-05-24 1981-12-03 Albrecht Jung Gmbh, 7965 Ostrach Nh- sicherungstrenner und -lastschalter
EP0496213A1 (fr) * 1991-01-25 1992-07-29 JEAN MÜLLER GmbH ELEKTROTECHNISCHE FABRIK Disjoncteur, notamment disjoncteur comportant un fusible

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4243537B4 (de) 2004-05-06
DE4243537A1 (de) 1994-06-23
EP0603503B1 (fr) 1996-06-12
ATE139366T1 (de) 1996-06-15
DE59302912D1 (de) 1996-07-18

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