EP2784795B1 - Commutateur électrique - Google Patents

Commutateur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2784795B1
EP2784795B1 EP14001043.0A EP14001043A EP2784795B1 EP 2784795 B1 EP2784795 B1 EP 2784795B1 EP 14001043 A EP14001043 A EP 14001043A EP 2784795 B1 EP2784795 B1 EP 2784795B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slats
contact
contact pieces
slat
passage opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14001043.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
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EP2784795A1 (fr
Inventor
Roland Ritz
Joachim Wendel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB AG Germany
Original Assignee
ABB AG Germany
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB AG Germany filed Critical ABB AG Germany
Publication of EP2784795A1 publication Critical patent/EP2784795A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2784795B1 publication Critical patent/EP2784795B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/32—Insulating body insertable between contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/24—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting
    • H01H1/26—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting with spring blade support
    • H01H2001/265—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting with spring blade support having special features for supporting, locating or pre-stressing the contact blade springs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H2001/508—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position with mechanical means to prevent return/reverse movement of movable contact once opening or closing cycle has started

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an electrical switch, which is adapted to interrupt a current path, with at least one contact point, which is formed with a first and a second, in particular a fixed and a movable contact piece, wherein the contact point is closed, if touching the contact pieces, and wherein the contact point is opened when the contact pieces do not touch, wherein the switch has adjustable insulating material, and wherein a pressing apart and then separating the contact pieces to open the contact point as well as a narrowing and cutting a resulting in the separation of the contact pieces Arc through the insulating material is carried out according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the first and second contact piece may be a fixed and a movable contact piece. It can also be two movable contact pieces, which, however, may be limited by a stop in their mobility.
  • An electrical switch may be a service switching device and used for switching operating currents or for switching off short-circuit currents in case of failure in electrical circuits. It works with one or more switching contacts, in which an arc is created by opening the contact point in a current-carrying circuit. Particularly large is the current to be disconnected in the event of a short circuit, and then the arc is particularly energetic.
  • the magnetic field surrounding this arc due to the Lorentz force and the respective geometry of the contact point, drives the arc from the open contact point via arc guide rails into a multi-plate chamber, also called a deion chamber.
  • the short-circuit current is limited because an extended arc acts like a resistor in a circuit.
  • the arc is divided into individual small partial arcs, whereby a high counter-voltage, a high anode-cathode voltage, arises and brings the short-circuit current to extinction.
  • the arc During its arc run, the arc repeatedly carries material from housing parts or components of the switching device on its way into the arc extinguishing chamber (deion chamber), thereby contaminating the interior of the service switching device. This has an unfavorable effect on the insulation resistance and on the number of possible short-circuit disconnections or on the short-circuit switching capacity. Whether the arc reaches its intended destination is also dependent on a pressure wave generated by itself and the materials used and some other additional factors. If the arc does not succeed in reaching the deion chamber and remains on the track, it destroys the service switching device due to the ever-increasing energy released. Therefore, high efforts have been made in the development of circuit breakers to improve the short-circuit breaking capacity.
  • circuit breakers in particular circuit breaker, in which insulating slats are inserted between the contact pieces of the contact point at the contact opening from one side or where the contacts slide themselves over an insulated blade to achieve an electrical separation of the contact point.
  • circuit breaker in which insulating slats are inserted between the contact pieces of the contact point at the contact opening from one side or where the contacts slide themselves over an insulated blade to achieve an electrical separation of the contact point.
  • insulating cover caps are placed over the contact pieces.
  • the DE 523 821 C shows a switch for high Abschalt criteria ,, in the current interruption three closely spaced insulating plates are used, of which the middle plate is movably arranged and in the closed position, the contact pieces pass through openings in the two fixed plates and lie within a through hole of the movable plate , and when moving the movable plate, the contacts are disconnected.
  • the EP 0 299 401 A1 shows a quenching chamber for interrupting load circuits, wherein in the interruption process between the contact pieces two counter-movable separating slide are pushed, the opening edges spread the contacts.
  • the arc may initially lengthen over the still open side during insertion or over-squeezing the blade or the cap. As a result, the arc will first increase its energy, which, if present, is very difficult, too slow or impossible to control.
  • the adjustable insulating elements form an insulating closure device associated with the contact point, which is formed with a number of overlapping lamellae, wherein in a first closure position the effective edges of the lamellae form the closed peripheral contour of a passage opening through which the contact pieces contact each other when the contact point is closed, form, wherein at an outgoing from the first closure position adjustment an opposite movement of the slats along a shift line takes place, and thereby decreases the size of the passage opening with increasing displacement and the lamellae push apart the contact pieces and narrow a resulting arc and cut until a second closure position is reached, in which the contacts are pushed apart from the lamellae and the opening is completely closed and the contacts are spatially and electrically separated from each other on opposite sides of the slats.
  • the contact pieces are according to the invention pushed apart from the insulating material itself and then kept apart. This can be done very quickly, the separation process of the contact point can be ultra-fast, in the range of a few microseconds.
  • an arc can form only at a very early stage when the contact pieces are only a few microns apart, but it can not form as much as it would with a contact spacing of a few millimeters, as in conventional electrical switches , As a result, the arc that is created emanates absolutely harmlessly and extinguishes immediately after its formation. Thus, there is no tendency to weld the contact points. Due to the short time of the arc action, the life of the switch and its contact point or contact points is considerably increased. The resources of the switch downstream electrical system part, such as cables, connection terminals and consumers, etc., are better protected and protected in the event of a short circuit, smaller I 2 t or smaller let-through energy. This considerably increases the life of the equipment. The safety of an electrical system equipped with a switch according to the invention is increased in the event of a fault.
  • a switch according to the invention eliminates the arc running, whereby the quality control and assurance in production considerably easier and corresponding additional costs are avoided. Because the influence of, for example, fluctuations in the composition of materials etc. is no longer so great.
  • the elimination of the arc run also eliminates the contamination of the contact areas by material removal, soot and carbon particles. This increases the insulation resistance after the separation of the contacts.
  • the invention avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the passage opening which is formed according to the invention by the effective edges of the slats, surrounds the closed contact point on all sides. During the transition from the first to the second closure position, the passage opening is reduced on all sides. This leaves the arc no possibility to length over an approximately open side of an insulating lamella, which is pushed between the contact pieces to length, since there is according to the invention no unilaterally open side.
  • the passage opening is completely closed on all sides for the passage of the contact pieces.
  • the contact pieces are in the second closure position, after the opening operation of the contact point, in two mutually spatially and electrically isolated areas on all sides.
  • the contact system according to the invention can be used wherever operation or fault currents must be switched on or off, with change or DC and at all voltage levels.
  • the insulating closure device may be constructed in a similar manner as a diaphragm in a camera, for example as an iris diaphragm.
  • An iris diaphragm is a variable aperture diaphragm. The opening can be varied in a way that it unab dependent on the size is always nearly circular and the center remains constant.
  • An iris diaphragm consists of several lamellae, which can be turned together inwards or outwards by a mechanism. Each lamella is mounted on an axle. All lamellas are connected to a ring via a further axis, so that they move together. The more slats are used, the better the opening remains approximated to the circular shape during the adjustment.
  • the principle of the iris diaphragm is to be modified in such a way that the lamellae overlap in the closed position and consist of an insulating material in order to achieve complete electrical and spatial separation of the contact pieces when the contact point is open.
  • the closure device is formed with two overlapping and in a plane parallel to their broad sides along the shift line in opposite directions slats, wherein a first lamella having a first lamellar passage opening and the second lamella having a second lamellar passage opening in the first closed position, the first and the second lamellar passage opening are superimposed to form the passage opening for the contact pieces, and wherein in the second closure position, no overlapping of the two lamellar passage openings longer exists, thereby completely closing the passage opening for the contact pieces ,
  • an arc starts to form here as well.
  • the arc is according to the invention already in its formation phase because of the further overlapping of the slats shrinking through opening in the space between the contact pieces more and more narrowed or narrowed and then cut off in the sequence.
  • the retraction of the slats in the space between the two contact pieces is done very quickly.
  • extinguishing or cutting off the emerging arc of the arc can be achieved very quickly.
  • an insulating spatial partition between the contact pieces is formed in an advantageous manner, so that a reignition of the arc is prevented.
  • An inventively provided slidable plate is a thin plate of insulating material.
  • the fins are thin and shaped so that effective wedge-shaped edges of the closed peripheral contour of the passage openings of the fins are very close to the two contact pieces. Therefore, the contact point is initially opened by the interposition of the slats only a very small distance on the order of a few micrometers and the slats can very quickly from both sides simultaneously push to reduce the free space between the contact surfaces more and more until they are completely closed is.
  • a slidable slat can already slide between the two contact pieces, if they have only a very small distance from each other, immediately after the beginning of the opening process and thus very fast, even if the arc is just in the initial stages of its creation.
  • the insulating closure device is formed with two displaceable lamellae, wherein both lamellae are displaceable in opposite directions, the two lamellae can slide simultaneously from two sides into the space between the two contact pieces and thereby the free space between the two contact pieces, in the The arc can arise, shrinking very fast.
  • the reduction speed doubles with respect to an embodiment with only one displaceable lamella.
  • the arc is thereby already narrowed and cut off during its formation of at least two sides. A stretching or lengths of the arc is thus safely avoidable.
  • the lamellae clearly overlap at the end of the movement when the closure formed by the closure device is completely closed, thus ensuring the electrical separation of the contact pieces from each other.
  • each contact piece is pushed back by an adjacent blade in their opposite to the other blade displacement by the wedge-shaped or ramp-shaped edges of the through hole in the opening direction, causing the contacts move away from each other.
  • the two touch electrical contacts no longer and are spatially separated and electrically isolated on all sides after the opening movement by the now overlapping insulating slats. This position is called "open".
  • the invention extends at least a portion of the closed peripheral contour of the passage opening forming effective edges obliquely, in the form of a ramp or bevel, to the direction of displacement of the blade.
  • the passage openings of the slats can be provided in the direction of displacement with ramps or ramps. These prevent blocking the movement process.
  • the ramps cause a faster separation of the contact point, since in each case the front tip part of each ramp can be closer to the actual contact point than without a ramp.
  • a beveling also called Anphasen, the peripheral contour of the through holes in the slats.
  • the closure device is formed with two overlapping lamellae, wherein a first lamella has a first lamellar passage opening and the second lamella has a second lamellar passage opening, one lamella being fixed and the second lamella being in a plane parallel to the broad sides the slats along the displacement line is displaceable, so that thereby takes place an opposite displacement of the two slats relative to each other.
  • the movable contact pieces can be pressed against each other when the contact point is closed by the restoring force of contact pressure springs, such as permanently installed springs.
  • a drive device for adjusting the insulating material may comprise a force storage drive or an electromagnetic drive.
  • the opposing displacement of the slats is then carried out by the drive device, for example by an energy storage device, wherein the drive device is released by a monitoring unit.
  • all-round spatial separation of the contacts means that a resulting arc during an opening operation, in the case of e.g. a short circuit, has no way to continue to electrically connect the contacts over a length.
  • the lamellae form between the contact pieces a continuous insulating wall, which simultaneously during the opening process from all sides simultaneously reduces the opening between the contact pieces until it is finally completely closed, as in a diaphragm of a camera.
  • the lamellae are so wide on all sides that the arc voltage is not sufficient to circumvent them or to cause a rollover.
  • the lamellae can also be inserted laterally displaceably into a housing wall, as a result of which they are guided and at the same time nested and thus also sealed or insulated.
  • insulating material may be incorporated in such gaps, for example in an advantageous embodiment in the form of insulating sealing lips. This ensures that an electrical connection between the contact points does not arise through a gap through the formation of ionized gases.
  • coupling means are provided which the sliding movement of the slats along the sliding line in a Lifting movement of the contact pieces from each other for the electrical and spatial separation of the contacts converts. This is another way to achieve a forced separation of the contact pieces by an additional air gap by these stand in the opposite movement of the slats.
  • the coupling means comprise a ramp-shaped projection on the lamella and one with the respective lamella associated contact piece coupled, one-sided pivotally mounted lever, wherein the ramp-shaped Anformung in the longitudinal displacement of the lamella along the sliding line from the first in the direction of the second closure position towards the lever from the blade away pivoting applied.
  • the coupling of the lever with the lamella can be done so that on the lever also a ramp-shaped Anformung is attached, which has a slope with a similar slope as the slope of the ramp-shaped Anformung on the lamella.
  • Both ramp-shaped projections lie with their slopes to each other, the slopes can slide along each other.
  • the contact pieces can be lifted by the lamellae when the passage opening is closed by an additional ramp function in order to reinforce the galvanic separation.
  • the resulting additional insulating air gap between the slats and the contact pieces creep currents are even better prevented.
  • separation support means are provided which exert on the contacts in the opposite sliding movement of the slats along the displacement line from the first to the second closure position towards the contact pressure force directed against the contact pieces and thus support the separation of the contact pieces.
  • the retraction of the slats between the contacts to their separation is facilitated.
  • the separation support means do not separate the contact pieces themselves. They only reduce the effective contact pressure force with which the contact pieces are pressed against each other, so that it is easier for the slats to push between the contact pieces and actually separate the contact pieces electrically and spatially from one another with their ramps.
  • coupling means which converts the sliding movement of the slats along the slide line in a lifting movement of the contact pieces from each other for the electrical and spatial separation of the contacts, wherein the coupling means additionally perform the function of the separation support means.
  • the coupling means may advantageously be formed as described above.
  • the pivotally mounted lever may at least partially resilient properties in the manner of a spiral spring, the restoring spring force counteracts when pivoting the application of the lever away from the blade of the contact pressure force, whereby the function of the separation support means is met.
  • a further actuator mechanism is provided to support the contact separation.
  • This further actuator mechanism comprises a mechanism, for example a spring, which counteracts the contact pressure of the contact pressure spring and thus reduces the contact pressure force during the contact separation.
  • the slats move in opposite directions and move between the contacts to lift them apart. Since the contact pressure force is reduced by the additional actuator mechanism, it is easier for the lamellae to bring about the separation of the contact pieces against the then only reduced contact pressure force. The force for opposing displacement of the slats towards each other can be assessed lower.
  • the wear of the slats is reduced, since the reduced contact pressure force causes a lower friction of the contact pieces on the slats in the forced separation of the contact pieces by the slats.
  • the formed as a ramp or chamfer part of the effective edges of the slats can be made of conductive resistance material to produce in the initial phase of the contact separation is still no arc, but still a limited short-circuit current flow permit. As a result, the current flow does not tear off completely at first, and initially there is no arc.
  • a ramp can actively lift the contact pieces away from the lamella, as already described above, so that the contact pieces have a minimum distance to the lamella and no problems can arise due to leakage currents ,
  • the electrical switch is an installation switching device with an overcurrent and / or short-circuit current release and an actuator mechanism for opening and / or closing the contact point.
  • the switch is a contactor or a main switch or a circuit breaker or the contact point is in a gas-filled capsule comprises or the contact point is in a vacuum chamber comprises.
  • FIGS. 1 and their description serve to better understand the device according to the invention.
  • the figures are schematic representations of an embodiment of the invention. Articles and parts of objects that are substantially the same or similar or function the same or similar are given the same reference numerals.
  • FIGS. 1a to 3b show a first embodiment of a closure device according to the invention 5.
  • the partial figures a show the plan view
  • the partial figures b show the longitudinal section along the section line AB.
  • FIG. 1 a and b show the closure device 5 in the first closed position.
  • FIG. 3 a and b show the closure device in the second closure position.
  • FIG. 2 Figures a and b show the closure device in a transient position during the adjustment from the first closure position.
  • the closure device 5 is formed with two blades 6, 7.
  • Each of the fins 6, 7 is approximately formed as a rectangular thin plate of insulating material.
  • the two slats 6, 7 can slide along a plane parallel to their broad side and in the direction of the displacement line L in this plane along each other and overlap. You are in this plane parallel to their broad sides along the shift line L in opposite directions.
  • the displacement direction is indicated by the arrows P1 and P2.
  • the lamella 6 has an approximately circular lamellar passage opening 9.
  • the lamella 7 has an approximately circular lamellar passage opening 9 '.
  • the two blades 6, 7 are positioned so that the first and the second blade passage opening 9, 9 'are superimposed. Together they form a through opening 9a, which passes through the two slats 6, 7 and through which the two contact pieces 3, 4 can reach through.
  • the circular peripheral contour 61 of the lamellar passage opening 9 in the lamella 6 represents the effective edge 61 of the lamella 6.
  • the circular peripheral contour 71 of the lamellar passage opening 9 'in the lamella 7 represents the effective Edge 71 of the lamella 7.
  • the circular peripheral contour 91 of the through-hole 9a through both lamellae 6, 7 is formed by the effective edges 61 and 71.
  • the contact pieces 3, 4 are shown here schematically as cylindrical fingers with dome-shaped, facing each other ends.
  • Fig. 1a, b the contact point 2 formed from the two contact pieces 3, 4 is closed.
  • the two contacts touch each other.
  • the arrows P3, P4 indicate the effective direction of the contact pressure force, which is exerted by each of a contact pressure spring on each of the two contact pieces 3, 4, for example.
  • each of the two contact pieces 3, 4 is a movable contact piece.
  • Embodiments are also conceivable in which only one of the contact pieces 3, 4 is movable and the other is fixed.
  • the embodiment shown here is characterized in that both slats 6, 7 are displaceable.
  • the lamella 7 tapers towards the effective edge 71, the circular peripheral contour of the passage opening 9 '.
  • the lamella 7 on each of the two sides of the lamella opposite one another has a chamfer 72, 72', which starts a ramp-shaped widening in the longitudinal direction of the lamella 7 from the peripheral contour 71 up to the full thickness of the blade 7 forms.
  • the two chamfers 72, 72 ' have different slopes here. That can, but does not have to be that way.
  • the lamella 6 tapers towards the effective edge 61, the circular peripheral contour of the passage opening 9.
  • the blade 6 on each of the two in the longitudinal direction of the blade opposite sides a chamfer 62, 62 ', a ramp-shaped widening in the longitudinal direction of the blade 6 from the peripheral contour 61 starting up to the full thickness of the lamella 6 forms.
  • the two bevels 62, 62 ' have different slopes here. That can, but does not have to be that way.
  • the blade 7 In the blade 7 is located at the interface to the blade 6 towards an insulating sealing lip 73. In the blade 6 is located at the interface to the blade 7 through an insulating sealing lip 63.
  • the two sealing lips 63, 73 serve a small gap which is formed between the two slats 6, 7 in the sliding plane to seal, so that in the case of a resulting arc no conductive arc gases can pass through this gap from one side to the other side of the slats.
  • FIGS. 2a and b Unlike the first closing position after FIG. 1 a and b here are the slats 6, 7 have been moved a bit far in opposite directions, along the sliding plane lying between them and in the direction of the displacement line L.
  • the effective edge 71 of the blade 7 and the effective edge 61 of the blade 6 have each other too moved.
  • the effective area of the through-hole 9a has become smaller.
  • the bevel 72 of the blade 7 has moved under the contact piece 3 and has raised it, as well as the chamfer 62 'of the blade 6 has moved under the contact piece 4 and it has also lifted.
  • the two contact pieces 3, 4 have been separated from each other due to the sliding movement by the two blades 6, 7.
  • the arc has only the space of the through hole 9a available, he is otherwise surrounded by the slats 6, 7 on all sides.
  • the space of the through hole 9a becomes smaller and smaller with increasing counter-displacement of the fins.
  • the slats 6, 7 reach the second closure position after the FIGS. 3a and b ,
  • the lamellar passage opening 9 in the lamella 6 is located far next to the contact piece 4
  • the lamellar passage opening 9 'in the lamella 7 is located far next to the contact piece 3 and also far away from the lamellar passage opening 9 in the lamella 6.
  • Die Slat passage openings 9 and 9 ' have no overlap. In the second closure position, therefore, there is no longer any overlapping of the two lamellar passage openings 9, 9 ', so that the passage opening 9a for the contact pieces 3, 4 is thereby completely closed.
  • the contact pieces 3, 4 are completely electrically and spatially separated.
  • FIGS. 4a, b and 5a, b show an embodiment of the invention, in which coupling means are provided which converts the sliding movement of the slats 6, 7 along the slide line L in a lifting movement of the contact pieces 3, 4 from each other for electrical and spatial separation of the contacts.
  • a forced separation of the contacts in the opposite displacement of the slats 6, 7 is initiated to some extent by the slats 6, 7 itself, not by a separate actuator mechanism and not by the actuator mechanism that drives the slats 6, 7.
  • This is another way to achieve a forced separation of the contact pieces 3, 4 in the opposite displacement of the slats 6, 7.
  • the coupling means comprise a ramp-shaped projection 50, 50 'on the lamella 7, 6 and a lever 51, 51' coupled to the contact piece 3, 4 associated with the respective lamella 7, 6 and pivotably mounted on one side in a pivot axis 52, 52 '.
  • the ramp-shaped projection 50, 50 ' acts on the lever 51, 51' away from the lamella.
  • Fig. 4a, b shows the state in the first closing position
  • Fig. 5a, b shows the state in the second closing position
  • the lever 51, 51 ' has been pivoted by the ramp-shaped Anformung 50, 50'.
  • the coupling of the lever 51,51 'with the blade 6, 7 is carried out so that on the lever 51, 51' also a ramp-shaped Anformung 53, 53 'is mounted, which has a slope 54, 54' with a slope similar to the slope of ramp-shaped Anformung 50, 50 'on the blade 6, 7 has.
  • Both ramp-shaped projections 50, 53; 50 ', 53' lie with their slopes to each other, the slopes can slide along each other. In a longitudinal displacement of the blade 6, 7 associated with the blade 6, 7 ramp 50, 50 ', along the slope along sliding, upward, away from the blade 6, 7, from.
  • FIGS. 6a, b and 7a, b considered.
  • separation support means 55 are provided, which in the opposite sliding movement of the slats 6, 7 along the shift line L from the first to the second closure position towards the contact pressure P3, P4 opposing force F, F 'on the contact pieces Exercise 3, 4 and thus support the separation of the contact pieces 3, 4.
  • the retraction of the slats 6, 7 between the contact pieces 3, 4 to the separation thereof is facilitated.
  • the separation support means 55 does not separate the contact pieces 3, 4 themselves.
  • the coupling means 51, 51 ' are designed so that they additionally perform the function of separation support means.
  • the pivotally mounted lever 51, 51 ' has at least partially resilient properties in the manner of a spiral spring 55, the restoring spring force F, F' during pivoting due to the action of the lever 51, 51 'away from the blade 6, 7 counteracts the contact pressure force, thus the function of the separation assisting agent is satisfied.
  • the separation support means is here the part of the lever 51, 51 'equipped with a resilient property. It may also be the whole lever 51, 51 'may be formed in the manner of a cantilevered leaf spring.
  • the portion 56, 56 'of the effective edges of the fins 6, 7 made of conductive resistance material is formed so as not to generate an arc in the initial phase of contact separation but still allow a limited short-circuit current flow. Thereby In the initial contact separation, the current flow does not completely break off and initially no arc is produced. Only when the ramp or chamfer 72, 62 'of the lamella 6, 7 has moved completely under the contact pieces 3, 4, the nach Wegende part of the slats changes into an insulating, non-conductive material section.
  • FIG. 12 an embodiment of the invention is shown, in which the lamellae 6, 7 between each two laterally from the housing wall 57, 57 'inwardly projecting webs 58, 59, 58', 59 'are displaceably inserted.
  • the creepage distance between the sub-spaces 41, above the fins 6, 7, and 42, below the fins 6, 7, is thereby increased.
  • FIG. 9 shows in a schematic and stylized representation an insight into a known service switching device 1 '. It is a circuit breaker. Such circuit breakers are known in principle. The other functional assemblies and their functional interaction largely correspond to those known in the prior art, see for example the DE 10 2009 006 863 A1 ,
  • Such a service switching device is for example a circuit breaker, a residual current circuit breaker, a motor protection switch or the like.
  • Such service switching devices are set up and are used to leave a current path, which is passed through the device between two terminals, closed during normal operation under nominal conditions, and to interrupt it in the event of a fault, especially in the event of a short circuit.
  • a short-circuit current is present when the current flowing through the current path inside the device suddenly rises to a multiple of the rated current.
  • An installation switching device according to the invention therefore has a Stromüberwachungs- and triggering device to the presence to detect a short-circuit current and to cause a corresponding interruption of the current path by opening the contact point.
  • an installation switching device according to the invention has an actuator mechanism.
  • the actuator mechanism is a mechanical arrangement that can act on the movable contact piece so that the movable contact piece is removed from the fixed or, in the case of two movable contact pieces, from the opposite second movable contact piece and thus the contact point is opened.
  • arrangements such as a mechanical rear derailleur or an impact armature arrangement or the like are subsumed under the term actuator mechanics.
  • a pending short circuit on the impact of the contact point is turned off. This creates an arc.
  • the magnetic field surrounding this arc drives the arc out of the open contact point via arc guide rails provided in an arc extinguishing chamber.
  • This is usually a formed from stacked quenching plates arc splitter stack, also denominated as a multi-plate chamber, also referred to as Deionwait.
  • the arc passes through the multi-plate chamber, then it goes out.
  • the arc is divided into a series of successive partial arcing, it is also said that he is stretched. The result is a so-called anode-cathode case per sheet.
  • the short-circuit current is limited because an arc stretched in this sense, ie many arcs in series, acts as an increased resistance in a circuit.
  • An arc contains a great deal of electrical energy, which, once created and uncontrolled, can be unpredictable and destructive.
  • the arc With each arc run, the arc carries material on its way and soils the inside of the circuit breaker. This has a negative effect on the insulation resistance and on the total number of possible short circuits. Whether the arc reaches its intended destination is also dependent on a pressure wave created by itself, the materials used, and the geometric conditions.
  • the short-circuit breaking capacity of a service switching device, from which the invention proceeds, is dependent on the arc running.
  • the service switching device 1 ' has a housing 11 made of an insulating material.
  • the housing 11 has a front front side 12, on which a switching knob 13 for manual switching of the device protrudes pivotally.
  • On a mounting side 14, the service switching device 1 ' is mounted on mounting rails in an installation distributor, for example on standard profile support rails. For this purpose, usually fastening devices are provided, but not shown here.
  • 16 are access terminals 17, 18 for connecting connecting conductors, not shown here. Inside the service switching device 1 'runs between the two access terminals 17, 18 of the current path, the current flow in the service switching device 1' is monitored and switched.
  • the current path extends from the one access terminal 17 to a thermal release, comprising a bimetallic strip 19, which it flows through and thus directly heated. From the free end of the bimetallic strip 19, a movable strand 20 leads the current path to a pivotally mounted movable contact lever 21, which carries at its free end the movable contact piece 4 of the contact point 2. From the stationary contact piece 3 of the contact point 2, the current path continues via guide rails 25, 26 and via the trip coil of an electromagnetic impact armature assembly 8b to the second access terminal 18.
  • a mechanical derailleur 8a which can cooperate with the bimetallic bimetal 19, the movable contact lever 21 and the bumper armature assembly 8b. This interaction takes place via mechanical active connections, which are - in principle known - mechanical lever arrangements over which forces and movements are transmitted.
  • the active compounds by dashed lines of action lines 28 - 33 are shown schematically and stylized.
  • the switch-on pivotal movement of the switch knob 13 is transmitted along a first operative connection line 28 to the rear derailleur 8a.
  • the derailleur 8a acts along a second operative connection line 29 on the contact lever 21, that it pivots counterclockwise and the contact point 2 closes.
  • the turn-off pivotal movement of the switch knob 13 along the first operative link line 28 is transmitted to the derailleur 8a such that the latching point of the derailleur 8a unlatches.
  • the contact lever 21 is then released to be pivoted by a return spring (not shown) in a clockwise direction to the opening of the contact point 2.
  • the bimetallic strip 19 deflects to the left, counterclockwise, it acts along a fourth active connection line 31 on the derailleur 8a for unlatching of its Verklinkungsstelle, whereupon along the third operative connection line 30, the contact lever 21 is released to to be pivoted by the return spring (not shown) in the clockwise direction to the opening of the contact point 2.
  • the impact armature system 8b acts directly on the contact lever 21 along a fifth operative connection line 32 in order to strike it quickly, and, on the other hand, along a sixth operative connection line 33
  • the fifth operative connection line 32 is often realized by a so-called striker, which is struck under a caused by the short-circuit current magnetic force against the contact lever 21.
  • FIG. 10 shows the state when the contact point is closed
  • FIG. 11 shows the state when pressed apart by the slats contact pieces.
  • the service switching device 1 according to the invention no longer has an arc splitter stack, including arc guide rails.
  • the contact point 2 is associated with an insulating closure device 5, as shown in the FIGS. 1 to 8 has been shown and described.
  • the impact armature system indicated by the operative connection lines 34, 35, very quickly pushes the lamellas 6, 7 between the contact pieces, pushes them apart and then holds them separated , An arc can form only briefly in the initial stage and is immediately cut off by the slats 6, 7.
  • the contact point can still be operated by hand.
  • the contact point can still be opened at a longer overcurrent.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Commutateur électrique (1) conçu pour interrompre un trajet de courant, comportant au moins un point de contact (2) qui est formé par des première et deuxième pièces de contact (3, 4), en particulier, une pièce de contact fixe et une pièce de contact mobile, dans lequel la pièce de contact (2) est fermée lorsque les pièces de contact (3, 4) se touchent et dans lequel le point de contact (2) est ouvert lorsque les pièces de contact (3, 4) ne se touchent pas, dans lequel le commutateur comporte des éléments réglables en matériau isolant, et dans lequel il se produit un écartement suivi d'un maintien à l'état séparé des pièces de contact afin d'ouvrir le point de contact et une limitation et une interruption d'un arc électrique créé lors de la séparation des pièces de contact à travers les éléments en matériau isolant, dans lequel les éléments réglables en matériau isolant forment un dispositif de fermeture isolant (5) associé au point de contact (2), qui est formé de manière à comporter une pluralité de lamelles (6, 7) se chevauchant les unes les autres, dans lequel, à une première position de fermeture, les arêtes actives (71, 61) actives des lamelles (6, 7) forment le contour périphérique fermé (91) d'une ouverture de passage (9a) à travers laquelle les pièces de contact (3, 4) se touchent lorsque le point de contact (2) est fermé, dans lequel, lors d'un réglage résultant de la première position de fermeture, il se produit un mouvement en sens opposé des lamelles (6, 7) le long d'une ligne de déplacement (L) de sorte que la taille de l'ouverture de passage (9) diminue lorsque le déplacement augmente et les lamelles (6, 7) écartent les pièces de contact et limitent et interrompent de ce fait un arc électrique créé, jusqu'à ce qu'une deuxième position de fermeture soit atteinte, à laquelle les pièces de contact sont écartées des lamelles (6, 7) et l'ouverture est entièrement fermée et les pièces de contact (3, 4) sont spatialement et électriquement séparées l'une de l'autre sur des côtés opposés des lamelles (6, 7).
  2. Commutateur électrique (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de fermeture isolant est réalisé à la manière d'un iris, comprenant plusieurs lamelles dont les arêtes actives forment un contour circonférentiel pratiquement circulaire de l'ouverture de traversée et qui peuvent être mises en rotation ensemble en se rapprochant les unes des autres ou en s'éloignant les unes des autres par l'intermédiaire d'un mécanisme de réglage, dans lequel l'ouverture de traversée reste sensiblement circulaire et son centre reste immobile indépendamment de la taille, dans lequel les lamelles sont constituées d'un matériau isolant et se chevauchent à la deuxième position de fermeture, de telle sorte que l'ouverture de traversée est entièrement fermée à la deuxième position et qu'il en résulte une séparation électrique et spatiale complète des pièces de contact lorsque le point de contact est ouvert.
  3. Commutateur électrique (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de fermeture est formé de manière à comporter deux lamelles (6, 7) se chevauchant et pouvant être déplacées dans un plan parallèle à leurs côtés larges, en sens opposé le long de la ligne de déplacement (L), dans lequel une première lamelle (6) comporte une première ouverture de passage de lamelles (9) et la deuxième lamelle (7) comporte une deuxième ouverture de passage de lamelles (9'), dans lequel, à la première position de fermeture, les première et deuxième ouvertures de passage de lamelles (9, 9') se superposent pour former l'ouverture de passage (9a) pour les pièces de contact, et dans lequel, à la deuxième position de fermeture, il ne se produit plus de chevauchement des deux ouvertures de passage de lamelles (9, 9'), de sorte qu'il en résulte que l'ouverture de passage (9a) est entièrement fermée pour les pièces de contact.
  4. Commutateur électrique (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de fermeture est formé de manière à comporter deux lamelles (6, 7) se chevauchant, dans lequel une première lamelle (6) comporte une première ouverture de passage de lamelles (9) et la deuxième lamelle (7) comporte une deuxième ouverture de passage de lamelles (9'), dans lequel une lamelle est fixe et la deuxième lamelle peut être déplacée le long de la ligne de déplacement (L) dans un plan parallèle aux côtés larges des lamelles, de sorte qu'il se produit un déplacement en sens opposé des deux lamelles l'une par rapport à l'autre, dans lequel, à la première position de fermeture, les première et deuxième ouvertures de passage de lamelles (9, 9') se superposent pour former l'ouverture de passage (9a) pour les pièces de contact, et dans lequel, à la deuxième position de fermeture, il ne se produit plus aucun chevauchement des deux ouvertures de passage de lamelles (9, 9'), de sorte qu'il en résulte que l'ouverture de passage (9a) est entièrement fermée pour les pièces de contact.
  5. Commutateur électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une section des arêtes actives formant le contour circonférentiel fermé de l'ouverture de passage s'étend de manière oblique par rapport à la direction de déplacement de la lamelle, sous la forme d'une rampe ou d'un biseau (72, 62, 62'), de manière à ce que, lorsque les lamelles (6, 7) de la section (62, 62', 72) s'étendant de manière oblique des arêtes actives se déplacent en sens opposé, la pièce de contact associée à l'ouverture de traversée appuie sur l'autre pièce de contact respective de manière à la séparer pour ouvrir le point de contact.
  6. Commutateur électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens d'accouplement qui convertissent le mouvement de déplacement des lamelles (6, 7) le long de la ligne de glissement (L) en un mouvement de soulèvement des pièces de contact (3, 4) l'une par rapport à l'autre pour séparer électriquement et spatialement les pièces de contact (3, 4).
  7. Commutateur électrique selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'accouplement comprennent un appendice en forme de rampe (50) sur la lamelle (6, 7) et un levier (51) accouplé à la pièce de contact (4, 3) associée à la lamelle (6, 7) respective et monté de manière à pouvoir pivoter d'un côté, dans lequel l'appendice en forme de rampe (50), lors d'un déplacement longitudinal de la lamelle (6, 7) le long de la ligne de glissement (L), sollicite le levier (51) en l'écartant de la lamelle (6, 7) depuis la première position de fermeture dans la direction de la deuxième position de fermeture.
  8. Commutateur électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des moyens d'aide à la séparation (55) sont présents, ceux-ci exerçant sur les pièces de contact (6, 7), lors d'un mouvement de déplacement en sens opposé des lamelles (6, 7) le long de la ligne de déplacement (L) de la première vers la deuxième position de fermeture, une force (F, F') opposée à la force de pression de contact (P3, P4) et aidant ainsi à séparer les pièces de contact (3, 4).
  9. Commutateur électrique selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens d'accouplement qui convertissent le mouvement de déplacement des lamelles (6, 7) le long de la ligne de glissement (L) en un mouvement de soulèvement des pièces de contact (3, 4) l'une par rapport à l'autre pour séparer électriquement et spatialement les pièces de contact (3, 4), dans lequel les moyens d'accouplement remplissent en outre la fonction de moyens d'aide à la séparation (55).
  10. Commutateur électrique selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la partie réalisée sous la forme d'une rampe ou d'un biseau (72, 62, 62') des arêtes actives des lamelles (6, 7) est constituée d'un matériau résistif conducteur.
  11. Commutateur électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un dispositif d'entraînement pour régler les éléments en matériau isolant.
  12. Commutateur électrique selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'entraînement comprend un entraînement à accumulation de force ou un entraînement électromagnétique.
  13. Commutateur électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le commutateur est un appareil d'installation comportant un disjoncteur de protection contre les surintensités et/ou un disjoncteur de protection contre les courts-circuits et un mécanisme d'actionneur (8a, 8b) pour ouvrir et/ou fermer le point de contact.
  14. Commutateur électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le commutateur est un interrupteur de protection ou un interrupteur principal ou un disjoncteur ou comprend le point de contact dans une capsule remplie de gaz ou le point de contact dans une chambre à vide.
EP14001043.0A 2013-03-27 2014-03-21 Commutateur électrique Not-in-force EP2784795B1 (fr)

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DE102013005258 2013-03-27
DE102013016062 2013-09-27

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DE102017207426A1 (de) * 2017-05-03 2018-11-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mechanisches Schaltgerät zur Stromunterbrechung
CN108987141B (zh) * 2017-06-05 2023-04-07 泰科电子(深圳)有限公司 电触头系统
DE102017122008B4 (de) * 2017-09-22 2020-11-05 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Elektrischer schalter
CN108074757A (zh) * 2018-01-17 2018-05-25 安徽中骄智能科技有限公司 一种基于转动调节的电触头推移及灭弧结构装置
CN111755299B (zh) 2019-03-29 2022-07-05 Ls产电株式会社 配线用断路器的灭弧装置
KR102169822B1 (ko) * 2019-03-29 2020-10-26 엘에스일렉트릭(주) 배선용 차단기의 아크 소호 장치

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DE3723538A1 (de) * 1987-07-16 1989-01-26 Sachsenwerk Ag Loeschkammer zur unterbrechung von laststromkreisen
DE29516057U1 (de) * 1995-10-10 1995-12-07 Klöckner-Moeller GmbH, 53115 Bonn Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung für einen kurzschlußstrombegrenzenden Niederspannungsschalter
JP2000164108A (ja) * 1998-11-25 2000-06-16 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 回路遮断器
JP2005129436A (ja) * 2003-10-27 2005-05-19 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 回路遮断器
DE102009006863B4 (de) 2009-01-30 2016-04-07 Kälte-Eckert GmbH Ölabscheider
JP5758169B2 (ja) * 2011-03-31 2015-08-05 Ｎｋｋスイッチズ株式会社 消弧装置付き直流電流遮断用小形スイッチ
DE102012206915A1 (de) * 2012-04-26 2013-10-31 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Elektrischer schalter

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