EP0590347B1 - Widerstand mit PTC-Verhalten - Google Patents

Widerstand mit PTC-Verhalten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0590347B1
EP0590347B1 EP93114118A EP93114118A EP0590347B1 EP 0590347 B1 EP0590347 B1 EP 0590347B1 EP 93114118 A EP93114118 A EP 93114118A EP 93114118 A EP93114118 A EP 93114118A EP 0590347 B1 EP0590347 B1 EP 0590347B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistance element
element according
resistance
particles
supporting body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93114118A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0590347A1 (de
Inventor
Anton Dr. Demarmels
Felix Dr. Greuter
Ralf Dr. Strümpler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Publication of EP0590347A1 publication Critical patent/EP0590347A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0590347B1 publication Critical patent/EP0590347B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an electrical resistance element with a resistance body made of at least one polymer matrix and having at least one filler component made of electrically conductive particles embedded in the polymer matrix and arranged between two contact connections and having PTC behavior.
  • Resistors with PTC behavior have long been state of the art and are described for example in DE 2 948 350 C2 or US 4 534 889 A. From document US-A-4 910 389 resistance elements according to the preamble of claim 1 are known.
  • such resistors preferably contain resistance bodies made of a semicrystalline polymer filled with carbon black, which exhibits PTC behavior. This polymer is in a low-resistance state below a material-specific transition temperature. Above the transition temperature, the polymer changes into a high-resistance state. When the transition temperature is exceeded, the specific resistance of the PTC resistor suddenly increases by many orders of magnitude, and an undesired short-circuit current becomes effective limited.
  • PTC resistors can therefore be used as overload protection for circuits.
  • considerable energy can be converted in the PTC resistor during the transition from the low to the high-resistance state, which leads to the destruction of the PTC resistor.
  • EP 0 287 485 A1 describes composite materials with PTC behavior. These materials contain a plastic that is curable at elevated temperatures, for example based on an epoxy or polyester, and a fibrous filler of conductive material embedded in the plastic, such as in particular metal fibers or optionally carbon, graphite or ceramic fibers coated with a metal.
  • the filler content is typically 1 to 2 percent by volume.
  • This material has a specific resistance of several ⁇ ⁇ cm at room temperature and, depending on the composition of the plastic, increases its specific resistance by several orders of magnitude when heated to temperatures between 100 and 400 ° C.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electrical resistance element with PTC behavior, which despite simple and inexpensive construction by high electrical conductivity in the low-resistance state and by a low response time for the PTC transition from low to high impedance.
  • the electrical resistance element according to the invention can be produced in a simple and inexpensive manner from commercially available components, such as a polymer matrix and a suitable filler. In the low-resistance state, it has a specific electrical resistance of less than 30 m ⁇ ⁇ cm and can therefore be easily used as a current-limiting element in electrical circuits which are designed for large operating currents and large operating voltages.
  • a low specific heat and / or a low specific heat capacity are achieved in that the electrically conductive particles of the Polymer matrix embedded filler are each spherical, fibrous or plate-shaped, and are preferably each in the form of a composite body.
  • Such a composite body predominantly has in each case a support body which is surface-coated with a layer of conductive material, preferably hollow or porous, but possibly also solid, and is made of a material with a lower specific density and / or lower specific heat capacity than the conductive material.
  • a further significant reduction in the response time can be achieved if at least part of the polymer matrix is formed by polymer foam.
  • the resistance element shown in FIG. 1 contains a resistance body 3 with PTC behavior arranged between two contact connections 1, 2. Below a transition temperature T c , this resistance element has a low specific cold resistance and, after installation in an electrical network to be protected by current limitation, forms at least one path which runs between the two contact connections 1, 2 and preferably carries a nominal current. Above the transition temperature T c , the resistance element has a high specific resistance compared to its specific cold resistance.
  • the resistance body 3 is formed from a polymer matrix 4 which preferably contains a thermoset or thermoplastic or an elastomer. Fillers formed by electrically conductive particles 5 are embedded in this matrix 4.
  • the particles 5 are at least partially each formed as a composite body with an electrically conductive surface and / or as a hollow or porous body made of electrically conductive material. Compared to solid particles of conductive material, the particles 5 each have a lower specific density and / or a lower specific heat capacity.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 The structure and structure of particularly preferred particles 5 can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3. As can be seen, these particles are designed as composite bodies and each have a support body 7 coated with a layer 6 of conductive material made of a material with a lower specific density and / or lower specific heat capacity than the conductive material.
  • a resistance element which contains particles 5 formed in this way, has practically the same electrical conductivity in the low-resistance state as a similarly dimensioned resistance element, which in contrast contains solid particles. However, since it has a lower specific density and / or a lower specific heat capacity than a resistance element filled with solidly formed particles of conductive material, the response time for such a resistance element is significantly reduced in the transition from the low to the high-resistance state.
  • the support bodies 7 of the particles 5 are formed as solid balls or, as can be seen from FIG. 3, as hollow balls, as can be seen from FIG. 2.
  • a resistance element containing solid balls has a somewhat higher heat conduction and thus also a somewhat larger nominal current carrying capacity than a resistance element containing hollow balls.
  • a resistance element containing hollow spheres is distinguished by a smaller mass, a lower specific density, a lower specific heat capacity and thus by a shorter response time. In the case of pulse times that are shorter than the time for the heat to spread through the particles, the somewhat lower heat conduction in a resistance element containing hollow spheres also has no effect.
  • the conductive material forming the layers 6 can predominantly carbon and / or a metal, such as Ag, Au, Ni, Pd and / or Pt, and / or at least one boride, silicide, oxide and / or carbide, such as SiC, TiC, TiB 2 , MoSi 2 , WSi 2 , RuO 2 or V 2 O 3 , each in undoped or doped form.
  • a metal such as Ag, Au, Ni, Pd and / or Pt
  • boride, silicide, oxide and / or carbide such as SiC, TiC, TiB 2 , MoSi 2 , WSi 2 , RuO 2 or V 2 O 3 , each in undoped or doped form.
  • the support body is formed from a polymer, from glass or from a ceramic.
  • a polymer can be used here Thermoset - for example based on epoxy or phenol -, a thermoplastic or an elastomer can be used.
  • Suitable glass-containing or ceramic carriers are commercially available spheres based on amorphous quartz or another glass as well as Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, mica, mullite or porcelain.
  • Support bodies made of ZnO are produced in the manufacture of varistors by spray drying powder suspensions and subsequent sintering.
  • the supporting bodies can also have a fiber or plate shape. They can not only be solid or hollow, but can also have a porous, sponge-like structure.
  • a ceramic or glass-like foam, for example based on TiC or TiB 2 whose surface has been impregnated with a metallic material is preferred.
  • Sponge-like bodies can be formed from metal, which are to be used as conductive particles 5 without coating.
  • the coating of the support body 7 can be achieved by known methods, such as chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel technology, precipitation and / or electrolytic coating.
  • the thicknesses of the layers 6 of the particles 5 produced thereby are preferably between 0.05 and 5 ⁇ m, whereas the diameters of the particles 5 are typically between 1 and 200 ⁇ m.
  • a filler component containing the particles 5 is mixed with a shear mixer or with an extruder into a polymer containing, for example, an epoxy or a thermoplastic.
  • a polymer containing, for example, an epoxy or a thermoplastic Typically, the proportion of filler in the composite formed is approximately 40 percent by volume.
  • This composite is used for thermoplastics by hot pressing and Epoxides formed by casting and then curing at elevated temperature to the resistance body 3.
  • the contact connections 1, 2 are attached by pressing or casting in during the shaping or by means of a low-melting solder after the shaping.
  • the dimensions of the resistance element produced in this way depend on the respective application and can be, for example, plate-tube or rod-shaped with typical diameters in the millimeter to centimeter range.
  • the support bodies 7 can each be designed as hollow spheres made of conductive material and the polymer matrix 4 embedding the particles 5 can be at least partially formed by polymer foam.
  • the fillers provided in the resistance body 3 of the resistance element form low-resistance current paths through the resistance body 3. Due to an overcurrent, the resistance element heats up considerably and, above the transition temperature T c, changes into a high-resistance state in which the overcurrent is limited.
  • the response times of resistance elements according to the invention are in some cases considerably shortened in the case of large overload currents compared to the response times of resistance elements of the same size, according to the prior art.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
EP93114118A 1992-10-01 1993-09-03 Widerstand mit PTC-Verhalten Expired - Lifetime EP0590347B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4232969A DE4232969A1 (de) 1992-10-01 1992-10-01 Elektrisches Widerstandselement
DE4232969 1992-10-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0590347A1 EP0590347A1 (de) 1994-04-06
EP0590347B1 true EP0590347B1 (de) 1996-06-19

Family

ID=6469354

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93114118A Expired - Lifetime EP0590347B1 (de) 1992-10-01 1993-09-03 Widerstand mit PTC-Verhalten

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5416462A (ja)
EP (1) EP0590347B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPH06215903A (ja)
DE (2) DE4232969A1 (ja)

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DE4427161A1 (de) * 1994-08-01 1996-02-08 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung eines PTC-Widerstandes und danach hergestellter Widerstand
TW298653B (ja) * 1995-02-28 1997-02-21 Yunichica Kk
DE19520869A1 (de) * 1995-06-08 1996-12-12 Abb Research Ltd PTC-Widerstand
US5614881A (en) * 1995-08-11 1997-03-25 General Electric Company Current limiting device
DE19534442A1 (de) * 1995-09-16 1997-03-27 Abb Research Ltd Überstromschutzvorrichtung
US6232866B1 (en) * 1995-09-20 2001-05-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Composite material switches
US5985182A (en) * 1996-10-08 1999-11-16 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated High temperature PTC device and conductive polymer composition
DE19651166A1 (de) * 1996-12-10 1998-06-18 Kloeckner Moeller Gmbh Leitfähige Polymerzusammensetzung
US5929744A (en) * 1997-02-18 1999-07-27 General Electric Company Current limiting device with at least one flexible electrode
US6535103B1 (en) 1997-03-04 2003-03-18 General Electric Company Current limiting arrangement and method
US5977861A (en) * 1997-03-05 1999-11-02 General Electric Company Current limiting device with grooved electrode structure
US6191681B1 (en) 1997-07-21 2001-02-20 General Electric Company Current limiting device with electrically conductive composite and method of manufacturing the electrically conductive composite
JP3257521B2 (ja) * 1997-10-07 2002-02-18 ソニーケミカル株式会社 Ｐｔｃ素子、保護装置および回路基板
US6373372B1 (en) 1997-11-24 2002-04-16 General Electric Company Current limiting device with conductive composite material and method of manufacturing the conductive composite material and the current limiting device
US6128168A (en) 1998-01-14 2000-10-03 General Electric Company Circuit breaker with improved arc interruption function
US6074576A (en) * 1998-03-24 2000-06-13 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Conductive polymer materials for high voltage PTC devices
US6290879B1 (en) 1998-05-20 2001-09-18 General Electric Company Current limiting device and materials for a current limiting device
US6124780A (en) * 1998-05-20 2000-09-26 General Electric Company Current limiting device and materials for a current limiting device
US6133820A (en) * 1998-08-12 2000-10-17 General Electric Company Current limiting device having a web structure
DE19842125A1 (de) * 1998-09-15 2000-03-23 Moeller Gmbh Kontaktanordnung elektrisch leitfähiger Polymere
US6144540A (en) * 1999-03-09 2000-11-07 General Electric Company Current suppressing circuit breaker unit for inductive motor protection
US6157286A (en) * 1999-04-05 2000-12-05 General Electric Company High voltage current limiting device
US6323751B1 (en) 1999-11-19 2001-11-27 General Electric Company Current limiter device with an electrically conductive composite material and method of manufacturing
DE60033126T2 (de) * 2000-01-25 2007-10-11 Abb Research Ltd. Elektrisches Bauelement aus PTC-Polymer zur Strombegrenzung und zum Kurzschluss-Schutz
US6497951B1 (en) * 2000-09-21 2002-12-24 Milliken & Company Temperature dependent electrically resistive yarn
US6798331B2 (en) * 2001-02-08 2004-09-28 Qortek, Inc. Current control device
US7034652B2 (en) * 2001-07-10 2006-04-25 Littlefuse, Inc. Electrostatic discharge multifunction resistor
JP2006013378A (ja) * 2004-06-29 2006-01-12 Tdk Corp サーミスタ素体形成用樹脂組成物及びサーミスタ
US9027408B2 (en) * 2007-01-24 2015-05-12 Swelling Solutions, Inc. Elastomeric particle having an electrically conducting surface, a pressure sensor comprising said particles, a method for producing said sensor and a sensor system comprising said sensors
DE102007042644A1 (de) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-12 Benecke-Kaliko Ag Elektrisch leitfähiges, flexibles Flächengebilde
JP5050265B2 (ja) * 2007-11-09 2012-10-17 国立大学法人九州工業大学 自己回復性限流ヒューズ
JP5050266B2 (ja) * 2008-01-10 2012-10-17 国立大学法人九州工業大学 メカニカルヒューズ及びその感度設定方法
JP5569101B2 (ja) * 2010-03-31 2014-08-13 株式会社村田製作所 積層正特性サーミスタ及び積層正特性サーミスタの製造方法
CN114830268A (zh) 2019-12-04 2022-07-29 纳美仕有限公司 压敏电阻形成用浆料、其固化物及压敏电阻
CN115210827A (zh) * 2020-03-02 2022-10-18 纳美仕有限公司 低压变阻器、电路基板、半导体部件封装以及内插件

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US4359414A (en) * 1972-12-22 1982-11-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Insulative composition for forming polymeric electric current regulating junctions
FR2368127A1 (fr) * 1976-10-15 1978-05-12 Raychem Corp Compositions a coefficient de temperature positif et dispositifs en comprenant
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FR2655206B1 (fr) * 1989-11-29 1993-12-31 Merlin Gerin Materiau composite fritte pour contact electrique, et pastille de contact utilisant ledit materiau.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0590347A1 (de) 1994-04-06
DE59303003D1 (de) 1996-07-25
DE4232969A1 (de) 1994-04-07
US5416462A (en) 1995-05-16
JPH06215903A (ja) 1994-08-05

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