EP0584601A1 - Méthode et dispositif pour le réglage de la position de coupe dans une machine de coupe - Google Patents
Méthode et dispositif pour le réglage de la position de coupe dans une machine de coupe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0584601A1 EP0584601A1 EP93112526A EP93112526A EP0584601A1 EP 0584601 A1 EP0584601 A1 EP 0584601A1 EP 93112526 A EP93112526 A EP 93112526A EP 93112526 A EP93112526 A EP 93112526A EP 0584601 A1 EP0584601 A1 EP 0584601A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cut
- press beam
- press
- pressure
- cutting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D5/00—Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D5/42—Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting with interrelated action between work feed and clamp
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/01—Means for holding or positioning work
- B26D7/02—Means for holding or positioning work with clamping means
- B26D7/025—Means for holding or positioning work with clamping means acting upon planar surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/01—Means for holding or positioning work
- B26D7/02—Means for holding or positioning work with clamping means
- B26D7/04—Means for holding or positioning work with clamping means providing adjustable clamping pressure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/444—Tool engages work during dwell of intermittent workfeed
- Y10T83/4645—With means to clamp work during dwell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/525—Operation controlled by detector means responsive to work
- Y10T83/531—With plural work-sensing means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/525—Operation controlled by detector means responsive to work
- Y10T83/533—With photo-electric work-sensing means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/748—With work immobilizer
- Y10T83/7487—Means to clamp work
- Y10T83/7547—Liquid pressure actuating means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/748—With work immobilizer
- Y10T83/7487—Means to clamp work
- Y10T83/758—With means to adjust clamp position or stroke
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for optimizing the indication of a cut in a cutting machine, in particular in a cutting machine for cutting stacked, sheet-like material made of paper, cardboard or the like.
- DE 31 16 292 A1 discloses a method for optimizing the cut indication in a cutting machine.
- the cutting machine works in such a way that a hydraulically actuated press beam is lowered before the stacked, sheet-like material is stacked on a table of the cutting machine and the press beam pressure force is reduced before the press beam is placed on the material.
- the press bar When the cut is indicated, the press bar is lowered onto the material to be cut in order to check the later course of the cut and to be able to correct a possibly incorrect position of the stack.
- a special switch is provided in the known cutting machine, the actuation of which causes the working pressure of the hydraulic medium and thus the actuating force of the press beam to be reduced in order to avoid injuries if the fingers are hinted at while cutting and simultaneously adjusting a stack an operator get between the press beam and the stack.
- Safety regulations stipulate that the maximum force of the press beam on the stack when cutting is not allowed to be greater than 500 N. In order to completely rule out an existing danger to the operator, the pressure force of the press beam can be further reduced during the cut indication in the known cutting machine.
- a second pressure relief valve is provided within a pressure generating device.
- An electric control circuit is assigned to the actuating device for the cut indication, which activates the light barrier arrangement of the cutting machine which is provided to protect the operator during the cut in such a way that, when the light path is interrupted, it generates a signal which renders the first pressure relief valve ineffective and the second pressure relief valve switched on, with which the Force on the press beam is preferably only 100 N.
- the press beam is lowered at high speed as long as the light barrier is not interrupted, but there is a low static and dynamic cutting force and a low lowering speed when handling under the press beam.
- a disadvantage of the cutting machine described is that the press beam is only slowly, with reduced pressure, lowered onto the material to be cut when the operator is manipulating the light barrier arrangement already present in cutting machines. A gentle touch on the However, pressure beams should always be aimed at, especially if the stack to be cut consists of thin sheets. Apart from this, it is considered disadvantageous in terms of minimizing the travel times of the press beam that the lowering speed of the press beam is initiated by the light barrier arrangement arranged at a considerable distance from the press beam and the cutting knife, which leads to an early reduction in the lowering speed of the press beam when engaging in the Light barrier arrangement leads.
- the pressing force of the press beam is reduced whenever the press beam is at a predetermined distance from the material to be cut. It is particularly important that the position of the press beam is always based on the insertion height of the material being cut. If, for example, the maximum possible insertion height of the material to be cut is 165 mm, its real insertion height, i.e. the height of the stack of material to be cut, is only 30 mm and it is specified that the pressure beam reduces its pressure beam pressure force at a distance of, for example, 10 mm from the material to be cut is, this corresponds to a reduction in the pressure beam pressure force in one Distance of 40 mm to the table surface of the table to take the material to be cut.
- the pressure of the pressure beam is reduced when the pressure beam is still 80 mm away from the table surface. According to the invention, only the relative distances between the active beam surface and the surface of the material to be cut facing are thus detected. It is considered preferred if the pressure of the pressure beam is reduced immediately after the distance between the pressure beam and the stack of material to be cut is detected. However, it may also be possible to integrate a timing element in the hydraulic circuit which, after the detection of the defined distance, reduces the pressure of the pressure beam with a slight time delay.
- the press beam pressure force is advantageously reduced. It is thus ensured on the one hand that the pressure beam is brought up to the material to be cut at high speed, but the pressure of the pressure beam is reduced at a sufficient distance from the material to be cut, so that on the one hand there is no risk of injury when clamping limbs, and on the other hand the pressure beam does not The remaining distance to the material to be cut is bridged at a reduced lowering speed.
- the defined distance between the lower edge of the press beam and the upper edge of the stack of material to be cut is detected by means of a detection element arranged in a stationary manner on the press beam in the lowering direction of the latter. Due to the stationary arrangement of the detection element on the press beam, the latter moves the same path length and thus feels the position of the upper edge of the material to be cut due to the arrangement leading to the press beam. As soon as the detection element detects the upper edge of the material to be cut, the pressure of the pressure beam is reduced immediately or with a time delay.
- the continuous detection of the relative positions of the lower edge of the press beam and the upper edge of the material to be cut it is also possible to determine their positions to be determined in stages by providing a plurality of stationary detection locations, by means of which the position of the press beam, in particular the lower edge of the press beam and the upper edge of the stack of material to be cut, is detected.
- the large number of stationary detection locations enables the accuracy of the distances between adjacent detection locations to be used to make a statement about the respective insertion height, i.e. the distance of the top edge of the material to be cut from the table surface and the distance of the marking on the press bar, in particular the bottom edge of the press bar from the table surface or the upper end position of the press bar. so that conclusions can be drawn about the distance between the lower edge of the press beam and the upper edge of the material to be cut. If the pressure beam and the stack of cut material have reached the defined distance, the pressure of the pressure beam pressure is reduced immediately or with a time delay.
- a preferably designed device for cutting stacked, sheet-like material, wherein the cut indication is optimized in the device, has a table for receiving the material to be cut, furthermore a feed unit for the material to be cut, a hydraulically lowerable on the material to be cut actuatable press bar, a cutting knife arranged adjacent to the press bar, movable vertically to the table plane, an actuating device for the cut indication, and a sensor interacting during the cut indication with a circuit for the hydraulic system of the press beam, which in the activated state generates a signal which leads to a reduction in the Pressing pressure of the press beam leads, the device being characterized in that the sensor is arranged below the press beam and outside of it, with the working surface to be cut in contact with the active surface on the press beam, and the effective distance of the sensor from de r Press beam effective area corresponds to the defined distance between the lower edge of the press beam and the upper edge of the stack of material to be cut, at which the signal is generated which leads to a reduction in the pressure of the press beam directly
- the senor in which the sensor with the press beam is displaceable together, the sensor preferably has a first element which is arranged in the region of one end face of the press beam, and a second element which is arranged in the region of the other end face of the press beam.
- the sensor thus detects the stack to be cut between its two elements.
- the sensor itself can be designed in different ways, for example as a light barrier, which has a light source and a photo cell as elements.
- the sensor is expediently not only arranged outside the press beam, but also outside the table surface.
- the pressure beam can thus be lowered onto the table surface without causing damage to the sensor in a table designed in the usual way.
- a further, preferably designed device for cutting stacked, sheet-like material, the cut indication being optimized in the device provides that instead of the sensor arranged on the press beam, several sensors are arranged at different distances from the table level in the machine frame guiding the press beam, each of which Sensor is effective parallel to the table level, for determining the current height level of the upper edge of the material to be stacked and the lower edge of the press beam relative to the table surface by means of the sensors, with the pressure of the press beam being reduced immediately or with a time delay at a defined distance level of inactive sensors.
- the sensors assigned to it are thus activated in accordance with the insertion height of the material to be cut and the sensors associated with it are also activated in accordance with the position of the press beam.
- the number of one above the other, not activated sensors is a measure of the distance from the lower edge of the press beam to the upper edge of the material to be cut, with the resulting measurement accuracy or measurement inaccuracy being taken into account by the distance between adjacent sensors.
- the sensors are expediently designed as light barriers which, as described above, detect the material to be cut between the two elements of each light barrier.
- Figures 1 and 2 show, in a highly simplified manner, the upper area of a face cutting machine for cutting paper, cardboard or the like.
- the chopping machine has a base frame, not shown, which has a table 3 and which is above the Table 3 extending machine frame 9, which is designed as a portal frame, receives.
- the table 3 has a cutting bar 4 embedded in it and extending over the entire width of the table 3.
- a feed unit 2 with a feed saddle 2a extends over the entire width of the table 3. This can be moved in the direction of arrow C, which results in the basic direction of movement of the material to be cut during the cutting process.
- a cutting knife 7 is arranged above the cutting bar 4. Shown in Figures 1 and 2 is the raised position of the cutting knife 7, from which it can be lowered in the direction of arrow D to the cutting bar 4. Adjacent to the cutting knife 7 there is a press beam 8 on the side facing the feed unit 2, which can also be lowered from the raised position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in the direction of arrow D onto the material 1 to be cut.
- Cutting knife 7 and press beam 8 are guided in the portal frame 9 of the face cutting machine which surrounds them at the top and on the sides.
- the cutting knife 7 is connected to the cutter bar 11 by means of screws 6.
- the knife 7, the cutting edge 7a of which is slightly inclined from the horizontal, can be moved in a pulling cut in a known manner by means of a crank mechanism (not shown).
- the press beam 8 is guided in the region of its two end faces in the vertical legs 9a of the portal frame and can be moved in the direction of arrow D by means of a hydraulic drive.
- Reference number 10 shows the cutting plane of the cutting knife 7, which extends perpendicular to the table surface 3a and through the cutting bar 4.
- the control panel of the face cutting machine is designated by reference number 12.
- the known face cutting machine described so far has a first embodiment as shown 1 to 4 below its active surface 8a, which comes into contact with the material 1 to be cut, has a sensor in the form of a light barrier which has a light source 13 and a photo cell 14 as elements.
- the light source 13 and the photocell 14 are arranged in the region of the two opposite end faces of the press beam 8, thus outside the active surface 8a which comes into contact with the material 1 to be cut, and also outside the table surface 3a.
- the contours of the light source 13, photocell 14 and press beam 8 located in the region of the two legs 9a of the portal frame 9 are illustrated with dashed lines.
- Reference number 15 denotes the beam of the light barrier, which runs at a defined distance Z and parallel to the active surface 8a of the press beam 8.
- the light barrier is connected via an electrical circuit to the hydraulic system for the press beam 8, the light barrier in the activated state, i.e. when the light beam 15 is interrupted, the hydraulic system of the press beam 8 is controlled so that the pressure of the press beam 8 is reduced.
- This reduction in the pressing pressure can take place immediately when the light beam 15 is interrupted or else with a time delay, that is to say when the light beam 15 is interrupted, a time circuit is activated which, after a defined period of time after the light beam 15 has been interrupted, reduces the pressing pressure of the pressing beam.
- the signal for immediate or delayed lowering of the press pressure of the press beam 8 is always only generated when the distance the active surface 8a of the press beam 8, which is equivalent to its lower edge 8b to the surface 1a of the material 1 to be cut, which is equivalent to its upper edge 1b, the Effective distance Z corresponds.
- the distance of the light barrier 15 from the lower edge 8b of the pressure beam corresponds to 10 mm in the exemplary embodiment. If the light barrier is designed so that the activation of the signal leads directly to a reduction in the pressure of the pressure beam, the reduction takes place at a distance of the pressure beam 8 from the material to be cut of 10 mm. If a timing element is additionally provided, the dimension Z should be larger, so that it is ensured that the pressure beam pressure has already been reduced when the operator is not endangered by the pressure beam.
- FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment in which, instead of the horizontally effective light barrier attached to the underside of the press beam 8, a multiplicity of horizontally active light barriers are arranged in the region of the two inner surfaces 17 and 18 of the portal frame 9 (see FIG. 2).
- the material 1 to be cut is not shown there for a better understanding of the design of the cutting machine, the reference number illustrates a side stop attached to the table 3.
- 5 shows a multiplicity of photocells 14 arranged one above the other at a defined distance from one another, and accordingly the inner surface 17 of the portal frame 9 is provided with a multiplicity of light sources arranged at a distance from one another and one above the other.
- one or more of the lower light barriers is activated in accordance with the insertion height, that is to say the stack height.
- the upper light barriers are activated by the latter according to the lowering distance thereof, with an increasing number of light barriers being activated with increasing lowering distance, so that the number of non-activated light barriers that are above the cutting material 1 and below the effective surface 8a of the press beam 8 are reduced.
- the number of non-activated light barriers is a measure of the distance of the Press beam 8 from the material to be cut 1.
- the electrical circuit which interacts with the hydraulic system for the press beam 8 is designed in this embodiment in such a way that, at a defined distance level, that is to say a bandwidth of inactive light barriers, expressed by the effective distance Z as a defined one Distance, the reduction of the pressing pressure of the press beam 8 takes place immediately or with a time delay.
- a defined distance level that is to say a bandwidth of inactive light barriers, expressed by the effective distance Z as a defined one Distance
- the cutting knife 7 and the press beam 8 are raised against their arrow direction D to their initial position.
- the feed unit 2 is moved back to its starting position in the opposite direction of the arrow C.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Control Of Cutting Processes (AREA)
- Pile Receivers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4228650A DE4228650A1 (de) | 1992-08-28 | 1992-08-28 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Optimieren der Schnittandeutung bei einer Schneidemaschine |
DE4228650 | 1992-08-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0584601A1 true EP0584601A1 (fr) | 1994-03-02 |
Family
ID=6466655
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93112526A Withdrawn EP0584601A1 (fr) | 1992-08-28 | 1993-08-05 | Méthode et dispositif pour le réglage de la position de coupe dans une machine de coupe |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5497685A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0584601A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH06206197A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE4228650A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3243617A1 (fr) | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-15 | Adolf Mohr Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG | Decoupeuse |
EP3243616A1 (fr) | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-15 | Adolf Mohr Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG | Decoupeuse |
EP3248743A1 (fr) | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-29 | Adolf Mohr Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG | Decoupeuse |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19852170C1 (de) * | 1998-11-12 | 2000-02-24 | Mohr Adolf Maschf | Vorrichtung zum Schneiden von gestapeltem, blattförmigem Gut |
CN104354190B (zh) * | 2014-11-05 | 2016-03-02 | 宜宾市新飞亚科技有限公司 | 一种自动打孔机 |
KR20210097315A (ko) * | 2020-01-30 | 2021-08-09 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 용접성이 향상된 전지 셀 및 이의 가공 장치 |
KR20220109692A (ko) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-08-05 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 전극 커팅 장치 및 이를 포함하는 전극 제조장치 |
JP7500753B2 (ja) * | 2022-01-28 | 2024-06-17 | 寧徳時代新能源科技股▲分▼有限公司 | 固定刃監視構造及び切断装置 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE913286C (de) * | 1952-02-22 | 1954-06-10 | Mohr Adolf Maschf | Schneidemaschine zum stapelweisen Schneiden von Papier, Pappe od. dgl. |
DE2604212A1 (de) * | 1976-02-04 | 1977-08-11 | Wohlenberg Kg H | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herabsetzung der pressbalkendruckkraft bei einer papierschneidemaschine zur schnittandeutung |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2971417A (en) * | 1956-08-16 | 1961-02-14 | Leipziger Buchbindereimaschine | Work sensing clamping pressure adjusting means |
US3182542A (en) * | 1961-10-02 | 1965-05-11 | Harris Intertype Corp | Clamp control apparatus |
DE3116292A1 (de) * | 1981-04-24 | 1982-11-11 | H. Wohlenberg KG - GmbH & Co, 3000 Hannover | Vorrichtung zur herabsetzung der pressbalkendruckkraft bei einer papierschneidemaschine waehrend der schnittandeutung |
DE3613835A1 (de) * | 1986-04-24 | 1987-10-29 | Wolfgang Mohr | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einstellen der presskraft des pressbalkens einer planschneidemaschine |
DE3623004A1 (de) * | 1986-07-09 | 1988-01-28 | Wolfgang Mohr | Planschneidemaschine |
-
1992
- 1992-08-28 DE DE4228650A patent/DE4228650A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1993
- 1993-08-05 EP EP93112526A patent/EP0584601A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-08-19 JP JP5237510A patent/JPH06206197A/ja active Pending
- 1993-08-27 US US08/112,892 patent/US5497685A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE913286C (de) * | 1952-02-22 | 1954-06-10 | Mohr Adolf Maschf | Schneidemaschine zum stapelweisen Schneiden von Papier, Pappe od. dgl. |
DE2604212A1 (de) * | 1976-02-04 | 1977-08-11 | Wohlenberg Kg H | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herabsetzung der pressbalkendruckkraft bei einer papierschneidemaschine zur schnittandeutung |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3243617A1 (fr) | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-15 | Adolf Mohr Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG | Decoupeuse |
EP3243616A1 (fr) | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-15 | Adolf Mohr Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG | Decoupeuse |
EP3248743A1 (fr) | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-29 | Adolf Mohr Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG | Decoupeuse |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5497685A (en) | 1996-03-12 |
DE4228650A1 (de) | 1994-03-03 |
JPH06206197A (ja) | 1994-07-26 |
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