EP0562250A1 - Procédé et dispositif de trempe de pièces métalliques - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de trempe de pièces métalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0562250A1
EP0562250A1 EP93101876A EP93101876A EP0562250A1 EP 0562250 A1 EP0562250 A1 EP 0562250A1 EP 93101876 A EP93101876 A EP 93101876A EP 93101876 A EP93101876 A EP 93101876A EP 0562250 A1 EP0562250 A1 EP 0562250A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
quenching
gas
nozzle
cooling
nozzle field
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EP93101876A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0562250B1 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Dr.-Ing. Wünning
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for performing this method, in particular for treating rotationally symmetrical workpieces, such as rings, gears, disks, shafts and the like, with a quenching chamber in which at least one, at least partially delimited by a nozzle field, is used to hold individual workpieces Space is provided.
  • Quenching systems for hardening workpieces made of steel and other metals are of great importance in technology because they significantly improve the performance properties of the workpieces. Quenching in water or oil, as well as in salt baths or in a fluidized bed, has long been known. Recently, the cooling of the workpieces in the gas flow has also been used, in which a heat-treated batch with cooling gas which is circulated via a heat exchanger is flowed into in a cooling chamber and is brought into effect in the form of discrete jets on the workpiece surface to be cooled. An industrial furnace equipped with such a quenching device is described in EP 0151 700 A2.
  • the size of the heat flow density that can be achieved depends, among other things, on the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ (W / m2 K).
  • H value a characteristic value, the so-called H value, is often used to describe the quenching effect or intensity according to Grossmann (MA Grossmann, M.Asimov, SF Urban “The Hardenability of Alloy Steel", ASM Cleveland, 1939, Pages 124 to 190) are used.
  • Gas quenching is only known in an H-value range from 0.1 to 0.2 (cf., for example, "Handbuch der Fabrication Technology", Carl Hansen Verlag Kunststoff Vienna Volume 4/2, 1987, page 1014). Higher values of up to ⁇ 0.2 can only be achieved with strong circulation and / or overpressure.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy this and to provide a quenching method and a quenching device suitable for carrying out this method, which allow a quenching intensity in the H-value range of approximately 0.2 to 4 to be achieved without the having to accept the aforementioned problems.
  • the invention is based on the surprising finding that it is possible, when using an appropriately selected nozzle pitch t Nozzle array with a relatively small effective nozzle diameter d and a small distance h from the nozzle array to the workpiece surface to be cooled with possibly increased gas pressure p in the impact jet field of a cooling gas to achieve a high heat transfer from the workpiece surface to be cooled to the cooling gas flow, without the need for the promotion of the the cooling gas acting on the nozzle field would have to be increased to a value which would make the whole process uneconomical.
  • the new method makes it possible to work with the high quenching intensity values known for salt, oil or water quenching in the quenching of metallic workpieces, without the disadvantages described at the outset, which are known when using non-gaseous quenching media to have to put up with.
  • the quenching intensity can be reproducibly controlled within a few seconds.
  • the regulation can be carried out in a simple manner by an appropriate intervention on the cooling gas-promoting fan acting on the nozzle field and / or the cooling gas pressure in the system.
  • Air, nitrogen or a gas mixture can be used as the cooling gas, it being particularly expedient to use the protective gas as the cooling gas in cases in which the heat treatment preceding the quenching took place in a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the cooling gas contains hydrogen or another gas with increased thermal conductivity compared to air in a proportion of 0 to 100 vol.%.
  • This hydrogen can also be added to the cooling gas. The addition simultaneously reduces the drive power of the fan that conveys the cooling gas.
  • the new method can be used for quenching objects of any shape; if it is used for quenching hollow, in particular ring or tubular workpieces, then impact jets of the cooling gas are expediently brought into effect both on the outer and on the inner lateral surface and optionally on the end face of the workpiece from a nozzle field adapted to the shape of the workpiece .
  • a relative movement between the workpiece surface to be cooled and the impact jets of the nozzle field is maintained at least temporarily, for example by rotating an annular or disk-shaped workpiece - or the nozzle field - while the other Part stands still.
  • a quenching device set up to carry out the new method has a quenching chamber in which at least one space, which is at least partially delimited by a nozzle field and is used to hold individual workpieces, is provided.
  • this space is essentially designed to be closed, the nozzle field being designed to match the shape of the surface to be cooled of the introduced workpiece and being arranged and dimensioned such that the one to be cooled is in operation
  • At least some of the nozzles in the nozzle array can be provided with selectively operable throttling and / or closing means in order to influence, in particular to dampen, the quenching effect at certain points on the surface of the workpiece if necessary.
  • the nozzle field can also be formed, at least in part, on an insert that can be interchangeably inserted into the quenching chamber, so that the quenching device can be easily adapted to any workpiece shape. As a rule, a special nozzle array is required for each workpiece shape.
  • Drive means for rotating the inserted, in particular rotationally symmetrical workpiece and / or at least a part of the nozzle field can be provided in the quenching chamber.
  • These drive means can either be designed to act from outside the quenching chamber and / or have a turbine element to which cooling gas can be applied, which has the advantage that no additional drive source is necessary.
  • a turbine element to which cooling gas can be applied
  • the space delimited by the nozzle field in the quenching chamber can also be designed as a pressure space, so that the pressure in the quenching system can be increased during the quenching process, which further increases the cooling effect.
  • the quenching intensity is controlled in its time course, and thus the temperature / time course of the cooling of the workpiece in accordance with the requirements of the respective workpiece and its material in a predetermined reproducible manner or can be regulated.
  • the quenching device can have a process computer for controlling the chronological course of the cooling process, the process signals such as flow rate, pressure, temperature and composition of the cooling gas etc. and workpiece-specific data such as geometric shape and dimensions, material composition etc.
  • Program control means can also improve the cooling effect on the workpiece surface to be cooled by correspondingly influencing the speed and / or pressure of the impact jets and / or the effective passage cross section of nozzles of the nozzle array in the sense of simulating the quenching effect of an oil or water bath hardening. In this way, by throttling the cooling effect according to a predetermined temperature / time curve by correspondingly reducing the cooling gas speed and / or the cooling gas pressure etc., the effect of oil or hot bath hardening in salt can be imitated.
  • the quenching device is located directly at the outlet of the furnace chamber containing a protective gas atmosphere of a continuous continuous furnace , in particular a roller hearth furnace, is connected essentially gas-tight.
  • the quenching device can have a loading and unloading chamber which is connected to the furnace chamber and which is closed to the outside by an optionally operable door.
  • the loading and unloading chamber can also be connected to the space delimited by the nozzle field by means of selectively operable closure means which allow the quenching process to be carried out under cooling gas pressure, at least temporarily.
  • the quenching device can also have a plurality of quenching chambers arranged next to one another and operable in parallel with one another.
  • the arrangement can be such that the quenching device has a plurality of quenching chambers arranged one behind the other, which are optionally connected to one another by a transport device with the interposition of other treatment stations, for example for calibrating the workpieces, the quenching chambers being set up for operation with different quenching effects. This makes it possible, for example, to achieve step cooling with different cooling gas inlet temperatures.
  • the quenching effect known as the quenching intensity
  • the quenching intensity which can be achieved on the workpiece with known quenching systems, which use gas, salts, oil or water in particular, is described by the so-called H value in the left part of the diagram in FIG. 1. It follows that in the practical H-value range of about 0.05 to 4, the greatest quenching intensity, i.e. the most abrupt cooling, previously only achieved using water as a quenching medium.
  • the H value for a water quenching system is approx. 0.8 to 4.
  • With oil as the quenching medium depending on whether the quenching is mild or abrupt, H values of approx. 0.3 to 1 can be achieved, while hot bath quenching systems work in salt with an H value of approx. 0.2 to 0.4.
  • H value has hitherto been on the order of 0.1.
  • the cooling gas is applied to the workpiece surface to be cooled in the form of discrete impingement jets emerging from a nozzle field Brought into action, the quenching intensity being regulated in a controllable manner by appropriate selection of gas jet parameters, in particular the gas velocity W, the gas pressure P, the gas jet cross-sectional area and the number of impact jets per unit area.
  • the quenching device 1 (FIG. 2) has a housing 2 which carries an all-round connecting flange 3 with which it is attached in a gas-tight manner to the outer wall of a roller hearth furnace 4, the furnace chamber of which is designated 5 and the roller hearth is indicated at 6.
  • the essentially box-shaped housing 2 forms the actual quenching chamber.
  • a pot-shaped cylindrical insert 5 is inserted from above, with an edge Flange 6 is sealed onto a corresponding annular shoulder 7 of a housing wall 8 enclosing it at a lateral distance.
  • the insert 5 is formed with a hollow cylindrical middle part 9, which is closed on the upper end by an integrally formed end wall 10 and which on the opposite end connects to a likewise integrally formed, radially outwardly extending circular ring surface 11, which is formed into an integrally formed outer cylindrical Wall 12 merges, which is arranged coaxially to the inner cylinder wall 13 of the middle part 9.
  • the outer and inner cylinder walls 12, 13 together with the annular wall 11 enclose a cylindrical annular space 14, the size of which is dimensioned in the axial and radial directions such that it can just accommodate a roller bearing ring 15 which forms the workpiece to be cooled.
  • the annular space 14 is closed during the quenching process by an optionally operable cover 16 which, in the closed position shown in FIG. 2, rests on the edge of the insert 5 in a sealed manner by means of a seal 17.
  • the cover 16 is connected to the piston rod 18 of a pneumatic lifting cylinder 19, which is attached to a hood 20 forming part of the housing 2, which together with the insert 5 and the housing side wall 8 delimits a loading and unloading space 21.
  • the loading and unloading space 21 is directly connected to the furnace chamber 5 via the furnace outlet 22, ie without an interposed lock. It is closed on the opposite side by a door 23, which can optionally be opened and closed.
  • a tray 24 is placed flush with the housing side wall 8 with the top of the insert 5.
  • the inner and outer cylinder walls 12, 13 of the insert 5 are provided with radial cylindrical nozzle bores 25 which are arranged essentially horizontally parallel to one another.
  • Each of the nozzle bores 25 is formed on the outside of the outer cylinder wall 12 and on the inside of the inner cylinder wall 13 with a funnel-shaped countersink 26.
  • the nozzle bores 25 opening into the annular space 14 from both sides form a nozzle field which, over its axial height, laterally delimits the annular space 14 both on the inside and on the outside.
  • the nozzle bores 25 are acted upon by a cooling gas which is fed via a line connection 27 to a pressure chamber 28 formed in the housing 2, which is closed at the top by the insert 5 in the manner shown in FIG. 2 and which seals the inner and the outer Cylinder wall 12, 13 and the annular wall 11 surrounds one side.
  • the cooling gas flowing through the nozzle bores 25 of the nozzle field into the annular space 14 is passed via at least two line stubs 30, which pass through the annular wall 11 and the bottom wall 29 of the pressure chamber 28, into a collecting space 31 of the housing 2, which is connected to a line connection 32 and below of the pressure chamber 28 is arranged.
  • Support means for the roller bearing ring 15 to be quenched are arranged in the annular space 14, each holding the ring at the correct height and at the correct distance with respect to the nozzle bores 25 of the nozzle field.
  • These support means are designed in the described embodiment such that they coaxially to the insert 5 and radially centrally between the nozzle section sections in the outer and inner cylinder walls 12, 13 held rolling bearing ring 15 during the quenching process by the indicated at 33 (Fig. 2) Can set axis of insert 5 in rotation.
  • FIG. 2 On the left of the axis 33 side drive and support means are shown, which consist of a number of side-by-side arranged rollers 34, the length of which is slightly shorter than the radial width of the annular space 14 accommodating them and which sit on radial shafts 35, which are sealed in corresponding bearings of the inner and outer cylinder walls 14 are mounted.
  • Each shaft 35 carries on its end part lying in the cavity of the inner part 9 a wedged bevel gear 36 which is in engagement with a common ring gear 37.
  • the ring gear 37 is in turn seated on a drive shaft 38 which is rotatably mounted coaxially to the axis 33 in a corresponding bearing bore 39 of the housing 2.
  • the shaft 38 is set in rotation by a drive source, not shown, in the sense of the arrow indicated at 40 in FIG. 2. In the area of their Implementation through the pressure chamber 28, it is sealed at 41.
  • FIG. 2 An alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 2 to the right of axis 33.
  • the drive and support means are formed by a turbine ring 42 which is rotatably mounted in the annular space 14 on the annular wall 11 and the inner cylinder wall 13.
  • the turbine ring 42 has a blading indicated at 43 on which the roller bearing ring 15 rests. It is driven during operation via nozzle bores 25, which are arranged in the region of the ring wall 11 below the turbine ring 43 and can be acted upon by cooling gas from the pressure chamber 28.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 The structure of the nozzle field formed by the nozzle bores 25 is illustrated in detail in FIGS. 3, 4 on the basis of a schematic model of the insert 5 and the housing 2 surrounding it. In this model representation, the same parts are provided with the same reference symbols in FIG. 2.
  • the cylindrical nozzle bores 25 with the same diameter d and the same nozzle pitch t are arranged in the nozzle field.
  • the nozzle array comprises three rows of nozzle bores arranged at equal intervals t, ie corresponding to the lateral nozzle pitch t (see FIG. 3).
  • the roller bearing ring 15 to be deterred is only in the annular space 14 by the support edges 44 indicated drive and support means are arranged at such a height coaxially to the axis 33 that it lies in the axial direction symmetrically to the three rows of nozzle holes one above the other (see Fig. 3).
  • roller bearing ring 15 is seated radially in the center in the annular chamber 14, which means that the radial distance h between the nozzle field and the outer or inner peripheral surface of the roller bearing ring is the same. Since the nozzle bores 25 of the nozzle array are oriented at right angles to the axis 33, they are also directed at right angles to the inner and outer peripheral surface of the roller bearing ring 15. Gas jets emerging from the nozzle bores 25 therefore strike the outer and inner circumferential surface of the roller bearing ring 15 in the form of discrete impact jets.
  • Nozzle bore pitch t 4 d to 8 d
  • Distance of the nozzle field from the workpiece surface to be cooled h 2d to 8d.
  • the gas velocity w 40 to 200 m / sec. at the outlet of the nozzle bores 25.
  • the nozzle field can easily be adapted to different dimensions and sizes of the roller bearing rings 15 or other ring-shaped workpieces to be quenched by exchanging the inserts 5. It is important in any case that the nozzle field follows the shape of the workpiece to be cooled as closely as possible in order to ensure that the workpiece surface to be cooled is acted upon as uniformly as possible by impact jets of the cooling gas emerging from the nozzle bores 25 of the nozzle field. In the treatment of ring-shaped or disk-shaped workpieces, gear wheels and the like, different designs of the insert 5 and its parts carrying the nozzle field result in accordance with the workpiece shape. As in the present case, the nozzle field can consist of several sections that cool workpiece surfaces inside and outside or above and below. The nozzle bore diameter d and the distance h to the workpiece surface to be cooled are always relatively small.
  • the quenching device 1 is connected directly to the outlet of the roller hearth furnace 4, the basic structure of which is described, for example, in DE-PS 38 16 503.
  • the cover 16 When the cover 16 is open, the annular space 14 is therefore in direct connection with the furnace chamber 5, which contains a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the heating of the rolling bearing rings 15 and their subsequent quenching in the nozzle field of the quenching device 1 are common Shielding gas space instead of what allows shielding gas to be saved and the time that would otherwise be required for any lock operations to be avoided.
  • the explosion risk associated with the addition of hydrogen to the protective gas is reduced to a minimum at the same time.
  • the cover 16 (FIG. 2) can also be omitted if, given the shape and the material of the workpiece to be cooled, it is possible to find the deliveries in the annular space 14 with a relatively low cooling gas pressure. It is also possible to carry out the heating and the quenching in the nozzle field of the quenching device 1 in a common overpressure space formed by the furnace chamber 5 and the annular space 14 if the walls of these spaces are designed to be overpressure-resistant. This also eliminates the pressure lock formed by the cover 16.
  • the cooling gas supply of the quenching device 1 is illustrated in FIG. 5:
  • the blower 45 which acts on the pressure side 28 with cooling gas via the line connection 27, is connected on the suction side via a gas cooler 46 with a coolant actuator 47 to the line connection 32 of the housing 2.
  • a gas expansion tank 50 is connected via a control valve 49, from which a waste gas line 52 branches off via a pressure regulator 51, which leads back into the furnace chamber 5 if necessary.
  • On the pressure side of the blower 45 are connected to its pressure line 53 via control valves 54, 55, two compressed gas cylinders 56, 57, which contain additional gas, for example, hydrogen and / or nitrogen.
  • these sensors are connected to a process computer 62, to which they transmit signals characteristic of the parameters they monitor.
  • the process computer 62 receives signals characterizing the actual temperature of the roller bearing ring 15 to be quenched, which signals are supplied by a temperature sensor 63 which senses the outer peripheral surface of the roller bearing ring via a window 64 inserted pressure-tightly into the housing side wall 8 and the insert 5.
  • the process computer 62 calculates from the process-specific signals received by the sensors 58 to 61 (mass flow, temperature, pressure and composition of the cooling gas) and from previously entered data which are characteristic of the workpiece 15 to be treated (geometry and material values) and the nozzle field Output signals for controlling the blower 45, the control valves 54, 55 of the coolant control valve 47 influencing the additional gas quantity and the control valve 49 leading into the expansion tank 50. Together with the signals received from the temperature sensor 63 for the actual temperature of the workpiece 15, the process computer 62 regulates this way automatically the quenching process the workpiece located in the annular space 14, whereby it can largely regulate each predetermined temperature-time profile on the surface of the workpiece 15 to be cooled.
  • the workpieces in the form of the roller bearing rings 15 on the roller hearth 6 are continuously guided through the furnace chamber 5 and heated to hardening temperature in the protective gas atmosphere contained therein.
  • the roller bearing rings 15 pass one after the other through the furnace outlet 22 (FIG. 2) into the loading and unloading space 21 of the quenching device 1, the cover 16 of which is in the open upper position when the door 23 is closed.
  • the roller bearing ring 15 arriving in the loading and unloading chamber 21 falls into the annular chamber 14, in which it comes to lie in the correct position on the drive and / or support means, for example on the collar rollers 35 or the turbine ring 42.
  • the lid 16 is closed; the fan 45 (FIG. 5) is switched on, and the pressure chamber 28 is acted upon by cooling gas, which is the same protective gas as is contained in the furnace chamber 5.
  • the cooling gas emerging from the nozzle bores 25 impinges in the form of impact jets on the outer and inner circumferential surface of the roller bearing ring 15 to be cooled, where it causes a rugged, uniform cooling of the rotating roller bearing ring 15.
  • the cooling gas flowing out of the roller bearing ring 15 is discharged from the blower 45 via the line connection piece 30 sucked off, the amount of heat absorbed is withdrawn in the gas cooler 46.
  • the temperature-time profile of the cooling is regulated by the process computer 62 in the manner already described.
  • the fan 45 is turned off, the cover 16 is opened and the cooled roller bearing ring 15 is removed from the annular space 14 by a manipulator (not shown) and placed on the storage table 24 with the door 23 open for a short time. After closing the door 23, the quenching device is ready for cooling the roller bearing ring 15 which is brought up next by the roller hearth.
  • the quenching intensity that can be achieved in the nozzle field by gas quenching in the manner described is illustrated in the diagram of FIG. 1 on the right in comparison with the quenching intensities that can be achieved in the known quenching systems.
  • Four nozzle fields are shown, the nozzle bore diameter d of which is 1 in each case , 2.4 and 8 mm.
  • the nozzle pitch t and the nozzle field distance h are 5 x d.
  • the gas velocity w is 100 m / sec.
  • the power of the blower 45 required for gas production is approximately N ⁇ 50 xp. (1 -0.009. Vol% H2) in kW per m2 nozzle field, in no case does it exceed a maximum limit of 1000 kW per m2 of nozzle area.
  • the gas pressure is p entered on a scale between 1 and 8 bar.
  • Nozzle bore diameters ⁇ 1 mm can only be used in special cases due to the risk of contamination and the small distance.
  • the quenching intensity can be increased by increasing the pressure p of the cooling gas and by reducing the nozzle bore diameter d at a small distance h.
  • a further increase can be compared by adding a gas to air of high thermal conductivity, especially hydrogen, which is often contained in protective gases from the furnace anyway.
  • a helium additive would have a comparable effect, but is generally not an option for economic reasons.
  • the quenching device explained with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5 has been attached to a continuous continuous furnace, for example the roller hearth furnace 4, inter alia the advantage that it can be arranged together with the continuous furnace directly in a production line for workpieces which, prior to their further processing, undergo heat treatment and subsequent deterrence is required.
  • a continuous continuous furnace for example the roller hearth furnace 4
  • the entire heat treatment process can be automated, whereby the workpiece throughput per unit of time can also be increased if necessary, while at the same time there is the option of cooling the workpieces, if necessary, with different gas inlet temperatures in the individual stages, possibly even with intermediate operations for calibrating the workpieces, etc. , to subjugate.
  • roller bearing rings 15 in three rows on the roller hearth 6 of the roller hearth furnace 4 transported in parallel through the furnace chamber 5.
  • a subsequent outlet-side section 66 of the roller hearth 6 leading to the quenching device is driven by an overdrive drive 67 which increases the distance to the roller bearing ring row the subsequent row of rolling bearings is transported through the furnace outlet 22 into a first cooling station A.
  • quenching devices 1 are accommodated in parallel next to one another in a common housing 68 which is flanged directly to the outlet side of the roller hearth furnace 4 and whose cooling gas inlets and outlets are indicated in FIG. 6 by two arrows 69, 70.
  • Each of the quenching devices 1 is designed in accordance with FIG. 2.
  • manipulators (not shown in any more detail) are transferred to the three downstream quenching devices 1 of a second cooling station B of the same design, in which the cooling takes place Room temperature takes place, whereupon the workpiece group consisting of three roller bearing rings 15 lying next to one another is transported away via the common storage table 24.
  • a ring 15 of a roller bearing made of material 100 Cr6 is hardened in the nozzle field instead of the usual oil quenching.
  • Workpiece data Outer diameter: 140 mm Inside diameter: 116 mm Ring width: 40 mm
  • the nozzle area 2 (FIG. 1) is selected for the ring size and width.
  • Nozzle array 2 Nozzle diameter d: 2 mm
  • Nozzle pitch t 10 mm
  • Distance to the cooled surface h 10 mm
  • Gas velocity 100 m / s
  • Gas flow 360 m3 / h
  • the blower output in variant 1 is comparable to that of a circulation pump in an oil bath. With a cooling time of approx. 20 seconds per ring, the energy requirement per kg hardness is 0.01 kWh for variant 1 and 0.04 kWh for variant 2.
  • the temperature in the core of the rotating ring has cooled to 500 ° C after 10 seconds. After 18 seconds, 280 ° C is reached on the surface of the ring (optical control) and the cooling is switched off (cooling station A).
  • the ring in phase II, can be calibrated at a defined temperature before the formation of martensite.
  • phase III the ring is cooled in a further nozzle station with a supercooled circulating gas to about 0 ° C. for the complete formation of martensite (cooling station B).
  • the critical cooling time from 800 to 500 ° C, which in the example is about 10 seconds, can be even shorter for unalloyed and low-alloy steels.
  • the very fast control of the quenching effect required for this and the very short movement sequences of the quenching device 1 required for this purpose, in contrast to the conditions in known gas cooling devices, can easily be achieved with the invention in a reproducible, economical manner.
  • the necessary heat transfer between the workpiece surface to be cooled and the gas flow with high values of the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ can be achieved in the method according to the invention with the nozzle fields with a relatively small nozzle diameter d and small distance h to the workpiece surface to be cooled.
  • the nozzle field is equipped with cylindrical nozzle bores 25.
  • other cross-sectional shapes for example slot nozzles or the like, which is pointed out for the sake of order.
  • All gases and gas mixtures which can be used for the respective purpose including air, nitrogen and the like, can be used as the cooling gas.
  • the workpieces 15 are quenched individually, because it is usually only possible in this way to adapt the nozzle field closely enough to the shape of the workpiece surface to be cooled and at a sufficiently small distance to arrange this.
  • a workpiece can also consist of several small individual parts, for example small screws, etc., which lie in a small, uniform bed height on a gas-permeable carrier, for example in a wire basket.
  • the nozzle field then acts on the top and / or bottom of the bed, the dimensions and shape of which is adapted to the nozzle field.
  • roller bearing ring 15 is rotated relative to the stationary nozzle field during cooling.
  • the arrangement could of course also be such that the roller bearing ring 15 is fixed while the insert 5 and thus the nozzle field execute a rotary movement.
  • Axial up and down movements of the workpiece and / or the nozzle field are also conceivable and can be achieved with simple mechanical means.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
EP93101876A 1992-03-17 1993-02-06 Procédé et dispositif de trempe de pièces métalliques Expired - Lifetime EP0562250B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4208485 1992-03-17
DE4208485A DE4208485C2 (de) 1992-03-17 1992-03-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschrecken metallischer Werkstücke

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EP0562250A1 true EP0562250A1 (fr) 1993-09-29
EP0562250B1 EP0562250B1 (fr) 1997-11-19

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Country Link
US (1) US5452882A (fr)
EP (1) EP0562250B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0610037A (fr)
AT (1) ATE160382T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4208485C2 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0690138A1 (fr) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-03 ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH Procédé de trempe à gaz de pièces à usiner et installation de traitement thermique pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
EP0727498A1 (fr) * 1995-01-23 1996-08-21 ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH Procédé et installation de refroidissement de pièces à usiner, en particulier pour leur durcissement
AT405190B (de) * 1996-03-29 1999-06-25 Ald Aichelin Ges M B H Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wärmebehandlung metallischer werkstücke
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EP0727498A1 (fr) * 1995-01-23 1996-08-21 ALD Vacuum Technologies GmbH Procédé et installation de refroidissement de pièces à usiner, en particulier pour leur durcissement
AT405190B (de) * 1996-03-29 1999-06-25 Ald Aichelin Ges M B H Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wärmebehandlung metallischer werkstücke
DE19961208B4 (de) * 1999-12-18 2008-07-17 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kühlen von Werkstücken mittels Gas
FR2844809A1 (fr) * 2002-09-20 2004-03-26 Air Liquide Procede de refroidissement rapide de pieces par transfert convectif et radiatif
WO2004027098A1 (fr) * 2002-09-20 2004-04-01 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede de refroidissement rapide de pieces par transfert convectif et radiatif
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DE59307686D1 (de) 1998-01-02
US5452882A (en) 1995-09-26
DE4208485C2 (de) 1997-09-04
EP0562250B1 (fr) 1997-11-19
DE4208485C1 (fr) 1993-02-11
ATE160382T1 (de) 1997-12-15

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