EP0557794B1 - Antenne de vitre montée dans l'ouverture d'une carrosserie métallique d'un véhicule automobile - Google Patents

Antenne de vitre montée dans l'ouverture d'une carrosserie métallique d'un véhicule automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0557794B1
EP0557794B1 EP93102034A EP93102034A EP0557794B1 EP 0557794 B1 EP0557794 B1 EP 0557794B1 EP 93102034 A EP93102034 A EP 93102034A EP 93102034 A EP93102034 A EP 93102034A EP 0557794 B1 EP0557794 B1 EP 0557794B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
monopoles
radials
monopole
antenna
glass according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93102034A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0557794A1 (fr
Inventor
Detlef Dipl.-Ing. Baranski
Peter Dipl.-Ing. Reichmann
Peter Dipl.-Ing. Paulus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Flachglas Wernberg GmbH
Original Assignee
Flachglas Wernberg GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Flachglas Wernberg GmbH filed Critical Flachglas Wernberg GmbH
Publication of EP0557794A1 publication Critical patent/EP0557794A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0557794B1 publication Critical patent/EP0557794B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna pane to be inserted into the window opening of a metallic motor vehicle body, which is set up for mobile radio in duo-band operation with wavelengths that differ by a factor of 2 and is equipped with monopoles tuned to the wavelength.
  • the shorter wavelength is referred to as K below.
  • the longer wavelength is denoted by L.
  • the mobile phone works with electromagnetic waves in the decimeter range.
  • Monopoly refers to a linear antenna track in or on the antenna pane, which can be a single pane or a compound pane.
  • the antenna trace can, for example, be printed on and optionally galvanically reinforced or designed as a wire trace.
  • a monopoly the length of which corresponds to a quarter of the wavelength, is generally referred to as a lambda quarter monopoly and, in the context of the invention, as an L / 4 monopoly or K / 4 monopoly.
  • the transmission behavior and vice versa the reception behavior of lambda quarter monopolies is characterized by good omnidirectional characteristics and a relatively large vertical angle of elevation and is used in the mobile radio sector. It is known to work with L / 4 monopoles and K / 4 monopoles in the mobile radio sector.
  • the L / 4 monopoly and the K / 4 monopoly are independent antennas which are not in an electron-conducting connection. They are operated separately.
  • the L / 4 monopoly is switched on L mobile radio, at K mobile radio the K / 4 monopoly.
  • the inductive and / or capacitive interaction does not interfere, especially since there is no electronically conductive connection.
  • the transmission characteristic (the same applies reciprocally to the reception characteristic) of a lambda quarter monopole is clearly defined for the arrangement of a lambda quarter monopole over an infinitely extensive, completely conductive surface (so-called earth).
  • rod antennas are often used in which the motor vehicle body acts as earth and is connected directly as a ground.
  • the earth is also simulated by radials tuned to the wavelength, which in turn interact inductively and capacitively with the metallic motor vehicle body.
  • the radials are usually parallel to the metallic edge of the window opening. This has proven itself in terms of mobile radio technology.
  • the independent arrangement and the independent antenna technology function of the two lambda quarter monopolies requires special measures and special connection measures (e.g. antenna switches) on the way to the transmitter or the receiver, which is considerably disruptive if the antenna disks are automatic in modern motor vehicle production to be assembled.
  • Antenna disks for motor vehicles which have mutually electronically connected monopoles of different lengths for different wavelengths, are also known (JP A 62-43 905, US 47 49 998), but without specifying radials. They are not suitable for mobile radio in duo band mode. Radials in antenna disks for motor vehicles are known, however, without taking into account a special relationship between the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves and the diameter of the opening of the motor vehicle (US Pat. No. 4,914,447).
  • the invention has for its object to further develop an antenna disk of the structure described at the outset and the intended purpose at the outset in such a way that it meets all requirements both on the transmission side and on the reception side.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that a circular opening in an infinitely extensive, completely conductive plane itself functions as an antenna (so-called generalized Babinet principle, cf. Sommerfeld “Optik", 1964, pages 177-179).
  • This "hole antenna” shows in its plane a distinctive structure of the electrical or magnetic field strengths if the ratio of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves and the diameter of the opening are in the pronounced diffraction range, as is the case for the waves of mobile radio and for antenna disks usual motor vehicles is the case (Handbuch der Physik, Band XXV / l, 1961, pages 460 - 465). All of this applies to the window openings of a metallic motor vehicle body in a modified manner, but has so far not been considered.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the monopoles (L / 4 monopoly and K / 4 monopoly) in the hole antenna, which is given by the window opening in the motor vehicle body, need to be adapted to the structure of the electromagnetic field strengths and that a special one Coupling to the "mass" is required, which is given by the motor vehicle body.
  • This is achieved by the invention in the combination of the features mentioned in that the distance between the two radials from the metallic edge of the window opening and their lengths and widths are selected so that the shielding of the coaxial cable is sufficiently free of sheathed waves and the radiation characteristic is optimized.
  • the impedance can also be adapted to the coaxial cable. This adaptation or optimization can be determined by experiments without difficulty.
  • the two monopoles of an antenna disk according to the invention do not interfere.
  • the function can be explained as follows: In an antenna disk according to the invention, the two monopoles are connected in parallel. In the long band, the long monopoly is resonant, ie low-resistance, the short monopoly is too short and therefore capacitively high-resistance. As a result, the short monopoly does not work in the long band. In the short band, the long monopoly is too long, ie high-impedance.
  • the monopolies can experience a capacitive shortening in a manner known per se. This can be achieved in a simple manner, in particular with regard to the long monopoly, namely by means of a T-shaped design.
  • L / 4 monopoly and K / 4 monopoly are to be understood in the sense of antenna technology and include length tolerances in relation to the assigned wavelength of ⁇ 20%.
  • the geometric length of the monopoles is reduced compared to the vacuum (air) quarter wavelength due to the presence of the dielectric glass panes.
  • the shortening factor depends on the window opening and therefore on the geometry of the antenna pane, on the geometry of the monopoles and above all on the thickness of the glass panes used. It is typically 0.6-0.8.
  • the optimization is particularly easy to achieve and is particularly pronounced if the 1-radial and the k-radial have the length of the respectively assigned monopole.
  • the 1-radial and the k-radial can also be provided with a length which corresponds to (2n-1) times the length of the respectively assigned monopoly, n is an integer greater than or equal to one.
  • the space between the monopoles has a width of approximately K / 20 or less than K / 20.
  • the radials expediently have a width of at least K / 200.
  • the width of K / 100 has also proven itself.
  • the radials can be doubled.
  • the antenna elements are particularly useful if the usual polarization of the electromagnetic waves of mobile radio is taken into account if the monopoles are arranged essentially vertically.
  • the radials are advantageously arranged essentially horizontally.
  • the radials In the embodiment as a windshield, it is advisable to arrange the radials on the upper edge of the windshield, in such a way that the monopoles point downward.
  • the radials In the embodiment as a side window, it is advisable to arrange the radials on the upper and / or lower edge so that the monopoles each point to the opposite edge.
  • the radials are expediently arranged on the lower edge, so that the monopolies point upwards.
  • the antenna panes shown in the figures are to be inserted into the window opening of a metallic motor vehicle body.
  • the antenna discs are equipped with monopoles tuned to the wavelengths.
  • an L / 4 monopoly 1 and a K / 4 monopoly 2 are always electrically connected in parallel and U-shaped or V-shaped with an electrically conductive connection at the base 3.
  • the L / 4 monopoly 1 is an l-radial 4
  • the K / 4 monopoly 2 is assigned a k-radial 5, which run parallel to the metallic edge 6 of the window opening.
  • the 1-radial 4 is oriented to the side of the L / 4 monopole 1, the k-radial 5 to the side of the K / 4 monopole 2.
  • the reverse arrangement can also be chosen.
  • the core 8 of a coaxial cable 9 is connected via a connector 7.
  • the shield 10 of the coaxial cable 9 is connected to the two radials 4, 5.
  • the connecting piece 7 can be a soldered connection, a plug element or the like, the wave resistance of the connecting piece 7 preferably corresponding to that of the coaxial cable 9.
  • the distance between the two radials 4, 5 from the metallic edge 6 of the window opening and their lengths and widths are selected so that the jacket 10 of the coaxial cable 9 is sufficiently free of jacket waves and the radiation characteristic is optimized.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates modifications of the basic principle of an antenna disk according to the invention shown in FIG. 1. It can be seen from FIG. 2d) that an L / 4 monopole 1 is additionally arranged and that the two L / 4 monopoles 1 are spread out in a V-shape. In this embodiment, the K / 4 monopoly 2 is located in the V-axis. Another embodiment can be seen in FIGS. 2e) and 2f). This illustrates that an additional K / 4 monopole 2 is arranged and that the two K / 4 monopoles 2 are spread out in a V-shape, the L / 4 monopole 1 being arranged in the V-axis here.
  • Figure 2c shows that an additional L / 4 monopoly 1 parallel to the first and symmetrical on the K / 4 monopole 2 is arranged, the ends of the L / 4 monopoles 1 being connected.
  • Figures 2b) and 2f) you can also see that the L / 4 monopoly 1 is capacitively shortened by a T-shaped design.
  • FIG. 1 it can be seen that the l-radial 4 and the k-radial 5 have the length of the respectively assigned monopole 1 or 2. Reference has already been made to the permissible length tolerances and usual shortening factors.
  • FIG. 2 makes it clear that the radials 4, 5 can also be doubled. With regard to the spaces between the monopoles 1, 2 and the width of the radials 4, 5, reference is made to claims 7 to 9.
  • FIG. 3 The orientation of the monopoles 1, 2 and radials 4, 5 in an antenna pane according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the radials 4, 5 are arranged on the upper edge of the pane 11, which Monopolies 1, 2 point downwards.
  • the radials 4, 5 are arranged at the upper and at the lower edge, while the monopolies 1, 2 point to the opposite edge.
  • Figure 3d) shows the embodiment as a side window 13 with radials 4, 5 at the bottom, while the monopoles 1, 2 point upwards.
  • the radials 4, 5 can also enclose an angle of less than 180 ° by running parallel to the pane edges converging in the corner.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne, agencée pour une communication radio mobile dans le fonctionnement dans deux bandes pour l'ouverture de fenêtre d'une carrosserie métallique de véhicule automobile, dans laquelle le rapport de la longueur d'onde des ondes électromagnétiques devant être reçues ou devant être émises au diamètre de l'ouverture de fenêtre se situe dans la gamme caractéristique de diffraction, et dans lequel la vitre pourvue d'une antenne est agencée pour le fonctionnement dans deux bandes, avec des longueurs d'onde L et K qui différent approximativement d'un facteur 2, avec L=2K, et est équipée de monopôles réglés sur les longueurs d'onde et dans laquelle dans chaque gamme de fréquences seul l'un des monopôles est résonnant et à cet effet, les caractéristiques suivantes sont mises en oeuvre :
    a) un monopôle L/4 (1) ainsi qu'un monopôle K/4 (2) sont branchés en parallèle et sont disposés en forme de U ou en forme de V avec une liaison électriquement conductrice au niveau du point de base (3),
    b) au monopole L/4 (1) et au monopôle K/4 (2) sont associées respectivement une branche radiale de longueur 1 (4) et une branche radiale de longueur k (5), qui sont reliées entre elles à proximité du point de base (3) et s'étendent parallèlement au bord métallique (6) de l'ouverture de la fenêtre,
    c) le conducteur central (8) d'un câble coaxial (9) est raccordé au point de base (3) par l'intermédiaire d'un élément de raccordement (7),
    d) le blindage (10) du câble coaxial (9) est relié aux deux branches radiales (4,5),
    la caractéristique de rayonnement étant réglable au moyen de la distance des deux branches radiales (4,5) par rapport au bord métallique (6) de l'ouverture de la fenêtre, de leurs longueurs 1, k ainsi que de leurs largeurs; et la gaine du câble coaxial (9) étant suffisamment exempte d'onde dans la gaine.
  2. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle en outre il est prévu un monopôle L/4 (1), et les monopôles L/4 (1) sont ouverts en forme de V et le monopôle K/4 (2) est disposé sur l'axe du V.
  3. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle il est prévu en outre un monopôle K/4, et les monopôles K/4 (2) s'ouvrent en forme de V et le monopôle L/4 (1) est disposé sur l'axe du V.
  4. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon la revendication 1, dans la forme de réalisation comportant des monopôles (1) agencés en forme de U, dans laquelle un monopôle L/4 (1) supplémentaire est disposé parallèlement au premier monopôle L/4 (1) et symétriquement par rapport au monopôle K/4 (2) et les extrémités des monopôles L/4 (1) sont reliées électriquement entre elles.
  5. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle la branche radiale de longueur 1 (4) ainsi que la branche radiale de longueur k (5) possède la simple longueur des monopôles (1,2) respectivement associés.
  6. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle la branche radiale de longueur 1 (4) ainsi que la branche radiale de longueur k (5) possèdent une longueur qui correspond à (2n-1) fois la longueur des monopôles (1,2) respectivement associés, n étant un nombre entier supérieur ou égal à un.
  7. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon la revendication 1, dans la forme de réalisation comportant des monopôles (1,2) agencés en forme de U, l'espace intercalaire entre les monopôles (1,2) possédant une largeur égale à environ K/20 ou inférieure à K/20.
  8. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle les branches radiales (4,5) possèdent une largeur égale à au moins K/100.
  9. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, dans laquelle le nombre des branches radiales (4,5) est doublé.
  10. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle les monopôles (1,2) sont disposés essentiellement verticalement.
  11. vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, dans laquelle les branches radiales (4,5) sont disposées essentiellement horizontalement.
  12. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, dans la forme de réalisation en tant que pare-brise ou vitre arrière, dans laquelle les branches radiales (4,5) sont disposées au niveau du bord supérieur de la vitre et les monopôles (1,2) sont dirigés vers le bas.
  13. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, dans la forme de réalisation en tant que vitre latérale, dans laquelle les branches radiales (4,5) sont disposées sur le bord supérieur / ou inférieur et les monopôles (1,2) sont dirigés vers le bord opposé.
  14. Vitre pourvue d'une antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, dans la forme de réalisation en tant que vitre triangulaire, dans laquelle les branches radiales (4,5) sont disposées au niveau du bord inférieur et les monopôles (1,2) s'étendent vers le haut.
EP93102034A 1992-02-26 1993-02-10 Antenne de vitre montée dans l'ouverture d'une carrosserie métallique d'un véhicule automobile Expired - Lifetime EP0557794B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4205851A DE4205851C2 (de) 1992-02-26 1992-02-26 In die Fensteröffnung einer metallischen Kraftfahrzeugkarosserie einzusetzende Antennenscheibe
DE4205851 1992-02-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0557794A1 EP0557794A1 (fr) 1993-09-01
EP0557794B1 true EP0557794B1 (fr) 1997-06-11

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EP93102034A Expired - Lifetime EP0557794B1 (fr) 1992-02-26 1993-02-10 Antenne de vitre montée dans l'ouverture d'une carrosserie métallique d'un véhicule automobile

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5406295A (fr)
EP (1) EP0557794B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06209205A (fr)
KR (1) KR100300934B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE154472T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4205851C2 (fr)

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US4914447A (en) * 1986-11-21 1990-04-03 Asahi Glass Company, Ltd. Antenna for mobile telephone on a glass panel of an automobile
DE3732944A1 (de) * 1987-09-30 1989-04-13 Thomson Brandt Gmbh Optische abtastvorrichtung
DE3732994A1 (de) * 1987-09-30 1989-04-13 Victor Menzlewski Mehrfachantennenkombination fuer die vhf/uhf-baender 23cm/70cm/2m und 6m mit einem zentralen speisepunkt
DE3824417A1 (de) * 1988-07-19 1990-01-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fahrzeug-scheibenantenne
JPH031703A (ja) * 1989-05-30 1991-01-08 Central Glass Co Ltd 車両用ルーフガラスアンテナ
US5220336A (en) * 1990-02-28 1993-06-15 Central Glass Company, Limited Vehicle window glass antenna for transmission and reception of ultrashort waves
US5264858A (en) * 1990-07-31 1993-11-23 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Glass antenna for a telephone of an automobile
JP3171610B2 (ja) * 1990-07-31 2001-05-28 旭硝子株式会社 自動車電話用ガラスアンテナ
FI89754C (fi) * 1990-08-01 1993-11-10 Window Antenna Oy Antenn
JPH04132401A (ja) * 1990-09-25 1992-05-06 Central Glass Co Ltd 車両用のガラスアンテナ
GB9103737D0 (en) * 1991-02-22 1991-04-10 Pilkington Plc Antenna for vehicle window
JPH06243905A (ja) * 1993-02-15 1994-09-02 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 端子板の構造

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7106262B2 (en) 2001-09-20 2006-09-12 Pilkington Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Double on-glass slot antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4205851C2 (de) 1995-10-12
KR930017739A (ko) 1993-09-20
DE59306705D1 (de) 1997-07-17
KR100300934B1 (ko) 2001-10-22
EP0557794A1 (fr) 1993-09-01
JPH06209205A (ja) 1994-07-26
ATE154472T1 (de) 1997-06-15
DE4205851A1 (de) 1993-09-16
US5406295A (en) 1995-04-11

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